FI88952C - Process for making mold elements for a concrete concrete construction site and elements made according to the method - Google Patents

Abstract

In one of the methods, connecting elements made by using concrete are produced by first pouring a fluid mortar, on the inside of a wall (1), into openings (5) of a template (2), with the addition of an adhesion promoter. A bell- or disc-shaped casting mould, which is filled with earth-moist concrete and is centred by the openings, is then placed upon this fluid mortar. The form elements thus produced can be stacked for hardening, with the interposition of thin plates, and subsequently joined to form form-element halves, for example by adhesive bonding. Modified methods produce the form elements by using dumbbell-shaped connecting elements made with the aid of axially separated mould halves. Form elements produced according to the method permit numerous modifications. <IMAGE>

Description

Method for manufacturing formwork elements for the jacket concrete construction method and elements made according to the method! 88952 The invention relates to a method for manufacturing mold elements according to the preamble of claim 1 for a casing concrete construction method and to mold elements produced according to the method.

The jacket concrete construction method uses large-sized hard foam mold elements, the edges of which are provided with grooves and dots for mutual securing, and inside which there are connecting elements between the side walls to receive the forces generated when pouring concrete. Such formwork elements are known, for example, from DE-AS 26 18 125 and DE-OS 35 05 736. In the known manner, concrete elements in the form of a hand weight with two opposite flanges and a spacer with grooves in the free flange surface 20 are also used as connecting elements. and the tongues are inserted into corresponding grooves and tongues on the inner surface of the mold element walls. When pouring concrete into the formwork elements, the connecting elements combine homogeneously with the filled concrete. Non-metallic connecting elements do not generate thermal bridges. Compared to hard foam connection elements formed, for example, in one piece with the walls, fire openings and sound bridges in the area of the connection elements are avoided. In addition, relatively heavy concrete connecting elements or connecting elements made of a similar material prevent the formwork elements from floating, so to speak, when filled with lightweight concrete. The compression pressure of the stacked mold elements achieved through the weight of the connecting elements causes the joints to seal, so that the cement adhesive important for bonding cannot flow out. The weight of the connecting elements also ensures great stability, for example during a storm.

2 88952

The known hand-weight-shaped concrete connecting elements are cast separately from the hard foam mold elements in one piece and then later pushed or glued into the inner grooves of the mold element walls at the factory or at the construction site. In addition, it is known to produce connecting elements in the form of a hand weight by casting two halves separately, which are then later joined by spacers 10 in the form of loops, hooks, rods, wires or screws (DE-OS 36 01 878).

Mold elements of the above-mentioned type have proven to be reliable. However, their manufacture is relatively expensive and requires a lot of space and time due to the curing time of the concrete parts of the connecting elements.

The invention is based on the object of showing a method for manufacturing mold elements according to the preamble of claim 1 for a jacket concrete method, which reduces the manufacturing costs and further leads to a better, more load-bearing and cheaper mold element. The solution to the problem is set out in claims 1, 16 and 19. Further development methods of the method as well as mold and connection elements manufactured according to the method are the subject of dependent claims.

If the connecting elements 25 according to claim 1 are cast directly on the walls of the mold elements, a separate production is created. The use of a flow mortar containing an adhesion promoter allows a very good, durable and tensile bond with the walls of the mold element. The infectious agent can be added to the flowable mortar 30 in a simple manner. It is also possible to introduce the transmission agent at least in the region of the openings in the model, for example by spraying or brushing in the form of a coating on the walls. Finally, the infected mediator can be introduced by immersing the wall in a bath. In a very advantageous manner, it is then possible to ensure that the snow-white exterior is otherwise covered with paint, especially in the case of hard foam, by adding color 3 88952 at the same time. Namely, the bright white appearance is very disturbing, especially in sunshine, and leads to a strain similar to the known 5 snow blindness. The casting of flanges of concrete or the like is substantially facilitated because the concrete can be filled into a relatively large opening from above, which opening defines the subsequent interface of the connecting element with the associated wall 10. The molds are reusable and the templates ensure very good dimensional stability and reproducibility of the mold elements. In a further development of the invention, it is possible to stack the newly manufactured walls on top of each other for the hardening and storage of the concrete, so that the space requirement for the production and storage is substantially reduced. Walls made for this purpose are placed with their flanges in an upward position on a flat surface, then an intermediate layer of thin sheets, for example plywood boards, is placed on the flange and then a second layer of walls is placed on the boards. In this way, stacks can be formed that are several meters high. In each case, after the application of the layer, the concrete of the connecting elements at the beginning of the layer has hardened to such an extent that no deformation of the connecting elements occurs when the next layer is applied to the thin plates. In each case, the adjacent layers of walls must have a certain length in order to take sufficient time to apply the next layer. Prior to stacking the walls as intended, the free ends of the flanges are placed by means of a template formed, for example, in the form of a bridge, by flattening to a predetermined height or by slight indentation. Subsequent mold elements then have very precise external and internal dimensions.

35 4 88952

A particular advantage of the mold elements produced according to the method of the invention is that the walls pre-cut from one piece of hard foam can be used without grooves or other grooves or openings. The use of expensive injection molds is eliminated. Such mold elements are therefore very cheap and can be joined, such as perforated bricks. The relatively high dead weight of the concrete connecting elements also ensures sufficient stability in connection with the high walls 10 of the room, which can then be filled with normal or lightweight concrete. Likewise, the weight of the concrete joint elements prevents the formwork elements from floating when filled with lightweight concrete. If additional protection against the effects of wind or storm is to be obtained, the stacked formwork elements can be joined together by gluing before filling with concrete takes place.

There are many possibilities in the further development forms of the invention for forming the connecting elements produced according to the method according to independent claim 1 and the method according to the dependent claims. The flanges are preferably circular, but may also be oval, rectangular or square. The molds into which the concrete is poured can be formed in such a way that the shaft is connected to the flange. In order to connect the two walls as mold elements, the free ends of the shaft are then glued together. A simple device can then be used to ensure that the shaft ends are in place. Prior to curing, at least one groove-shaped depression may be made in the transition point between the flange 30 and the shaft as a later base for the reinforcing rod, for example by pressing in such a reinforcing rod.

However, the mold for making the flange can also be formed so as to form a disc-shaped flange. This is provided with a central, preferably circular-cylindrical printing, and in order to connect the two walls as mold elements, an axial spacer is then glued in each case between the bottoms of the two opposite printing. By changing the length of the shaft-shaped spacers, the inner dimension of the mold elements and thus later the wall thickness can be adjusted. The shaft-shaped spacer can be conveniently manufactured in a cylindrical cavity mold. Prior to curing 10, here too, groove-shaped depressions can be formed in the region of both ends as later bases for reinforcing bars.

In another further development, further fastening devices, such as reinforcing rods, hooks, loops, screws, wires, plate strips, etc., are embedded in the flange or associated shaft before curing. In the same way, bores can also be pressed for subsequent fastening of the further fastening devices through.

20 The Raster dimension is formed by the uniform distance of the connecting elements achieved by the models, for example 25 cm. On the construction site, however, the formwork elements can be sawn between the connecting elements across the grid; but this certainly does not happen in the area of the joint strips 25. This limitation is overcome in a further development of the invention by inserting central separator plates inside the molds for the production of flanges and possibly for axial spacers, which pass through the axis of the connecting elements and in the height direction of the mold elements. The finished mold element can then be cut in the direction of the separating plates and in the direction of their extension, so that it is also possible to operate with half the raster dimension. Since separation is only necessary in the region of the ends of the mold elements, it is expedient to use separating plates only in connection with flanges or shaft-shaped spacers adjacent to both ends of the walls.

6 88952

The features of the second solution of the method according to the preamble of claim 1 are set out in claim 16. In this case, hand-weight-shaped connecting elements are produced by means of half-molds, the inner contour of which corresponds to the halves of the axially cut connecting element. After filling both mold halves, the mold halves can be placed either on top of each other so that the concrete fillings are firmly connected to each other. It is also possible to insert a separating device, for example a film 10, so that the halves of the connecting elements are formed. These can either be separated, placed side by side or also glued together to make mold elements. Filling with concrete can be carried out manually or also mechanically by casting, infiltration, pressing or vibrating. According to the method used in each case, the concrete is then expediently from soil moisture to fluid.

A further solution for the method according to the preamble of claim 1 is set out in claim 19. Here again two axially divided mold halves of the type described above are used, which, however, before filling and forming the mold are placed side by side on the same line and fixedly connected to each other, e.g. In addition, the joint at the edges can be improved by groove-tongue formation. Filling with concrete can again be performed by casting, vibrating or pressing and still from above or below.

In connection with both of the manufacturing methods 30 described above, the reinforcing wires for the connecting elements can be inserted in an approximately axial position inside the mold or mold halves. This results in a substantial increase in tensile strength, especially when the wires are profiled and tufted at their ends or have welded thickenings, or when they are also only folded around 7 88952. Even if the connecting elements then break, for example during transport, tensile strength remains between the walls of the connecting element.

In the following, the invention will be described by means of embodiments in connection with the drawings. In the drawings: Fig. 1 schematically shows the manufacture of a wall of a mold element according to the method of the invention according to claim 1; Fig. 2 schematically shows the individual steps of the method according to Fig. 1; Figure 3 shows the stacking of shell element walls made by the method according to Figures 1 and 2; Fig. 4 is a side view of an application example for a mold element according to the invention; Fig. 5 is a side view of a second embodiment of a mold element according to the invention; Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional split mold for a flange of a connecting element according to the method of the invention according to claim 1; Fig. 7 schematically in half of the raster dimension of the cutting possibility of the mold element; Fig. 8 is a side view of a second embodiment example for a mold element 25 according to the invention; Fig. 9 is a side view of an embodiment of a mold element according to the invention; Fig. 10 is a corner joint with a continuous concrete connection; 30 Fig. 11 is a wall joint with a continuous concrete connection.

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the method according to the invention according to claim 1 and its individual steps. A template 2 consisting of, for example, artificial material 3 88952 or sheet metal is placed on the wall 1 of a mold element 35 formed of two such walls, whereby the centering pins 3 ensure a well-defined position of both parts, for example on a desk. The plate 1 consists, for example, of hard foam. In contrast to Fig. 1, the plate 1 according to Fig. 2 has grooves 4 with a dovetail cross-section, which, however, as mentioned above, can only be present in addition and in a further development of the invention.

The model 2 is provided with circular apertures 10a 5 with a uniform, raster-determining distance. However, they may also have another shape, an irregular distance, and may be arranged eccentrically. After placing the template 2 on the wall 1, a cross-sectional view according to Fig. 2a is obtained in the area of the opening. Sil-15 was filled with a flowable mortar 6 containing an infectious agent into the openings 5 and the mortar was drawn smooth. The adhesion promoter can also be applied as a coating on the wall, for example by permanent coating, and can possibly be stained.

The space obtained is then shown in Figures 2b and both right-hand openings 5 in Figure 1. After this or in parallel with this method step, an approximately bell-shaped mold 7 is filled with soil-moist concrete 8. The large opening of the mold is then upwards (inverted position compared to Figure 2d). that it can be easily filled with concrete 8.

The mold 7, which still has moist concrete 8, is then turned over the running mortar 6, whereby the edge of the mold 7 rests on the openings 5, so that the exact centering is formed, cf. Figure 2c. The molds 7 can then be pulled out, possibly with slight vibration, and later the molds 2 can also be removed (cf. Fig. 2d).

The walls 1 with their connecting element halves 10 formed on them, which consist of concrete 8 and 35 flowing mortar 6, are laid in a row - as schematically shown in Fig. 39 88952 - parallel to a flat base, for example the bottom of a hall, between 10 and 30 m in length. When the layer is finished, in order to save fresh connecting element halves 10, sheets made of thin plywood boards 11 or other material with dimensions of, for example, 100 x 200 x 0.3 cm are placed on top of them. The next layer of connecting elements 10 can then be applied. In this way, a stack with a total height of 2-3 m can be stacked. It is only necessary for the kul-10 to take sufficient time for the concrete 8 of the connecting element halves to be so strong that sufficient loads can be carried.

Fig. 4 schematically shows how later two walls 1 with connecting element halves 10, 15 are joined together as a mold element by gluing from the end side. By using a simple device (not shown), care is then taken to ensure that the end faces of the connecting element halves 10 coincide exactly. Then, hand-20 weight-shaped connecting elements 20 formed of two halves 10 are formed, each of which has two flanges 12 and a connecting spacer 13, which in the present case has the shape of a shaft.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 5, 25 molds (not shown) are used in connection with the production of connecting element halves, which, unlike the mold 7 according to Fig. 2d, have the shape of a flat plate, so that only flanges 22 with a central recess 14 are created. then the axial spacers 23 are glued to the recesses 14. In both application examples according to Figures 4 and 5, the spacers 13 or 23 are further provided with groove-shaped depressions 15 (not shown) as reinforcing bars (not shown) in the area of their transformation into flanges 12 or 22. ten.

10 88952

Fig. 6 shows a casting mold 17 which substantially corresponds to the casting mold 7 according to Fig. 2d, but which also has a central separating plate 16. The connecting element halves produced by this mold have the same shape as the halves 5, but are separated into two parts so that the mold element can be cut later. from this point by sawing, as schematically shown in Fig. 7 by the broken line 18. In addition, for cutting in the area of the dashed line 19 between the connecting elements 20 and the raster dimension 10, for example 25, determined by them, it is also possible to cut half of the raster dimension, as a result of which a simple adaptation to the respective conditions at the construction site is possible.

Figure 8 shows another embodiment of a mold element according to the invention. Here again, flanges 22, which according to Fig. 5 are provided with a central recess 14, are cast on the wall 1. Prior to curing, the wires 24 are further anchored to the flanges 22. In order to connect the two walls 1 provided with the flanges 22 to 20, a tubular spacer 33 is provided, which can also be made of concrete. The wires 24 are passed on both sides through the tubular spacer 33, pulled outwards and then twisted together under tension. The notches on the edge of the spacers 33 allow the wires 24 to be taken out without interference.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 9, the plate strips 26 are anchored to the flanges 22. The connection of the two walls with the flanges 22 is then effected by means of the plate strips 26, for example by inserting screws 30 or wires through the bores 27 or by spot welding. Increasing the distance and thus increasing the inner diameter of the mold element can be obtained by an extension piece 28 which also has a bore 27.

Fig. 10 schematically shows an embodiment of a corner joint, in which the left part a shows the first layer and the following odd-numbered layers, and the right part b shows the second layer and the even-numbered layers of mold elements. In Fig. 5 10a, the inner wall 1 is provided with a left-hand gap in the region of the body 20 with a notch 29 leading to the bottom of the flange 12. Subsequent filling with concrete results in the filling of the filled site concrete into the flange 12 and a common continuous concrete wall passing through the corners-10, which has no interruption due to the hard foam layer of the walls 1 and which can therefore form a firewall. The same applies to the next layer according to Fig. 10b, in connection with which the notch 29 likewise enables a through-concrete connection.

Fig. 11 shows the wall joint in alternating layers according to Figs. 11a and 11b. Here again, the notches 29 take care of the continuously passing concrete walls. Such a through-going concrete core not only blocks fire openings and sound bridges, but is also more statically loadable.

Fig. 10a further shows an end piece 30 glued between the walls 1 and enclosing the mold element outwards.

The mold halves described above may be formed of a metal, such as a steel plate, but may also be made of an active material.

Claims (20)

A method of producing mold elements for a concrete concrete construction method, which elements have walls 5 (1) and concrete elements (20) of concrete or similar wall building material, the dressing elements (20) being formed in the form of dumbbells with two opposite walls (1). flanges (12) and a spacer (13, 23, 33), characterized in that a) a template (2) is provided on the inside of the wall (1) which has openings (5) corresponding to the shape of the flanges (12); b) the openings (5) are filled with liquid mortar (6) and the mortar is leveled, whereby a tile material adapted to the wall (1) ensures that the liquid mortar is connected to the wall; c) molds (7) which correspond to the shape of the flanges (12) are filled with soil-moist concrete (8) as their flange opening opens up and is leveled out; D) the molds (7) are molded into the openings (5) of the stencil so that their flange openings are on the floating mortar (6); e) the molds (7) and stencils (2) are removed for eating; F) after curing, two walls (1) are joined together by means of the spacers (13, 23, 33). Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is involved in the liquid mortar (6). 30 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is applied to the walls (1) as a coating, at least within the range of the template openings (5). 4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the adhesive is applied through 17 889o2. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the adhesive is colored. Method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized by the following steps: 5 g) the walls (1) formed for carrying out steps are placed in a layer on a flat surface with the flanges (12, 22) showing upwards; h) an intermediate layer of thin sheets (11) is applied to the flanges (12, 2); I) a second layer of walls (1) is applied to the disks di); k) steps h and i are repeated. Method according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that, after extraction of the molds (7), the free ends of the flanges (12) are adjusted by means of the stencil to a predetermined height in accordance with step e. Method according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the molds (7) are formed bell-shaped in such a way that a shaft (13) is connected to the flange (12) and that for joining two walls (1) according to with step f, the free ends of the shafts (13) are glued together when the spacer is formed. 9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that, prior to curing, the edible die is formed in a junction (15) in the transition between the flange (12) and the shaft (13) to later serve as a support for a reinforcing bar. Method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the molds are so formed that a disc-shaped flange (22) is formed, that the flange is provided with a central, preferably circular-cylindrical recess (14) and that for joining two walls ( 1), in accordance with step f, axial spacers (23) are glued to the bottom of the recesses (14). ia 88952 11. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the shaft-shaped spacer (23) is made in concrete by means of a cylindrical heel shape and is provided with curing recesses (15) in the area of the bed ends before curing. which recesses later serve as support for reinforcing rods. 12. A method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, for forming the intermediate position, superposed fasteners such as reinforcing rods, hooks, loops, screws, trees (24), disc strips (26) or the like are embedded. in the flange (22) or the connecting shaft prior to curing. 13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that, for arrangement of the forwarding fasteners, heels are pressed into the flange (22) or the connecting shaft before curing. Method according to any of claims 1-11, characterized in that central dividing plates 20 (16) are provided in the molds (17) for producing the flanges (12) and, optionally, the shaft-shaped inserts, which plates pass through the axis of the connecting elements (20) and in the height direction of the mold element, so that the finished mold element can be cut parallel to the separating plates (16) and along its extension. 15. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the separating plates (16) are used only in connection with the flanges or the shaft-shaped spacers adjacent to both ends of the walls (1). 30 Method according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized by the following steps: m) mold halves, the inner contours of which correspond to the axially cut dumbbell-shaped dressing element half, are filled with concrete and leveled along the cutting surface; N) two mold halves are eaten with the cutting surfaces on each other; O) after at least partially curing, the mold halves are pulled out; p) the dressing elements are glued to two opposite walls by means of an adhesive. 5 17. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that before step n, a separator is provided between the two mold halves. 18. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that, before step n, a reinforcing tree along the axis of the dressing element is inserted into one of the mold halves. 19. A method according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized by the following steps: q) two mold halves, the inner contours of which correspond to the axially cut dumbbell shaped half of the joint, are laid next to each other on the same line along the cutting surface and joined together in connection with the molding; r) the mold is placed on the surface of the pile where the shaft is in vertical position and filled with concrete; S) after at least partial curing, the mold halves are removed; t) the dressing elements are glued to two opposite walls by means of an adhesive. 20. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that, before step s, a reinforcing tree is drawn into the mold along the axis of the dressing element.