FI112086B - Hiilimustatuotteita ja hiilimustaa sisältävä koostumus - Google Patents
Hiilimustatuotteita ja hiilimustaa sisältävä koostumus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI112086B FI112086B FI944049A FI944049A FI112086B FI 112086 B FI112086 B FI 112086B FI 944049 A FI944049 A FI 944049A FI 944049 A FI944049 A FI 944049A FI 112086 B FI112086 B FI 112086B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- carbon black
- reactor
- feed
- zone
- oxidant
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
- C09C1/565—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification comprising an oxidative treatment with oxygen, ozone or oxygenated compounds, e.g. when such treatment occurs in a region of the furnace next to the carbon black generating reaction zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/50—Furnace black ; Preparation thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/19—Oil-absorption capacity, e.g. DBP values
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US84664492A | 1992-03-05 | 1992-03-05 | |
US84664492 | 1992-03-05 | ||
PCT/US1993/001972 WO1993018094A1 (fr) | 1992-03-05 | 1993-03-02 | Procede de production de noirs de carbone et nouveaux noirs de carbone |
US9301972 | 1993-03-02 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FI944049A0 FI944049A0 (fi) | 1994-09-02 |
FI944049A FI944049A (fi) | 1994-09-02 |
FI112086B true FI112086B (fi) | 2003-10-31 |
Family
ID=25298519
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FI944049A FI112086B (fi) | 1992-03-05 | 1994-09-02 | Hiilimustatuotteita ja hiilimustaa sisältävä koostumus |
FI20031041A FI115303B (fi) | 1992-03-05 | 2003-07-08 | Menetelmä hiilimustien tuottamiseksi |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FI20031041A FI115303B (fi) | 1992-03-05 | 2003-07-08 | Menetelmä hiilimustien tuottamiseksi |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6156837A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0629222B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3535157B2 (fr) |
KR (2) | KR0149206B1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9306018A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2130674C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69326449T2 (fr) |
FI (2) | FI112086B (fr) |
HU (1) | HU215455B (fr) |
SG (1) | SG49195A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993018094A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (86)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3535157B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-05 | 2004-06-07 | キャボット コーポレイション | カーボンブラックの製造方法と新規なカーボンブラック |
MY115289A (en) | 1992-08-27 | 2003-05-31 | Cabot Corp | Carbon blacks containing epdm compositions having either a high gloss or a textured matte finish |
US6348181B1 (en) | 1993-06-15 | 2002-02-19 | Cabot Corporation | Process for producing carbon blacks |
FR2721038A1 (fr) * | 1994-06-08 | 1995-12-15 | Tokai Carbon Kk | Noir ce carbone au four perfectionné. |
DE19824047A1 (de) | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-02 | Degussa | Oxidativ nachbehandelter Ruß |
TR200100306T2 (tr) | 1998-06-09 | 2001-07-23 | Cabot Corporation | Karbon karası üretimi için bir yöntem ve tertibat |
US6086792A (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2000-07-11 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Cable semiconducting shields |
AU776970B2 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2004-09-30 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon blacks useful in wire and cable compounds |
US6660795B2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2003-12-09 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | PTC conductive polymer compositions |
US6852790B2 (en) | 2001-04-06 | 2005-02-08 | Cabot Corporation | Conductive polymer compositions and articles containing same |
US20040013599A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-22 | Sandeep Bhatt | Carbon blacks and uses thereof |
JP4102143B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-11 | 2008-06-18 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | タイヤ用ゴム組成物およびそれを用いた空気入りタイヤ |
US20050222318A1 (en) | 2002-10-02 | 2005-10-06 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Carcass reinforcement for tire intended to bear heavy loads |
WO2004030946A2 (fr) * | 2002-10-02 | 2004-04-15 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Armature de carcasse pour pneumatique destine a porter de lourdes charges |
US20040197924A1 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2004-10-07 | Murphy Lawrence J. | Liquid absorptometry method of providing product consistency |
US7776602B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2010-08-17 | Cabot Corporation | Methods of providing product consistency |
US7776603B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2010-08-17 | Cabot Corporation | Methods of specifying or identifying particulate material |
US7000457B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2006-02-21 | Cabot Corporation | Methods to control and/or predict rheological properties |
US7776604B2 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2010-08-17 | Cabot Corporation | Methods of selecting and developing a particulate material |
US20050100502A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-12 | Kai Krauss | Carbon black |
WO2006076606A2 (fr) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-20 | Cabot Corporation | Impression multicouches optimisee de dispositifs electroniques et d'afficheurs |
US8383014B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2013-02-26 | Cabot Corporation | Metal nanoparticle compositions |
WO2006076604A2 (fr) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-20 | Cabot Corporation | Procedes pour planariser des substrats et pour encapsuler des elements electroniques imprimables |
WO2006076605A2 (fr) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-20 | Cabot Corporation | Modelisation de circuit et projection selective |
US7824466B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2010-11-02 | Cabot Corporation | Production of metal nanoparticles |
US8167393B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2012-05-01 | Cabot Corporation | Printable electronic features on non-uniform substrate and processes for making same |
WO2006076607A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-20 | Cabot Corporation | Impression au jet d'encre de composants electriques passifs |
US7749299B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2010-07-06 | Cabot Corporation | Production of metal nanoparticles |
US7722713B2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2010-05-25 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon blacks and polymers containing the same |
AU2006347615A1 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2008-04-10 | Cabot Corporation | Polymeric compositions containing nanotubes |
PT2087046T (pt) | 2006-11-07 | 2019-11-27 | Cabot Corp | Negros de fumo que têm pequenas quantidades de pah e seus métodos de fabrico |
US8501148B2 (en) | 2007-04-24 | 2013-08-06 | Cabot Corporation | Coating composition incorporating a low structure carbon black and devices formed therewith |
EP2065900A1 (fr) | 2007-10-23 | 2009-06-03 | Borealis Technology Oy | Composition polymère semi-conductrice |
EP2414451B1 (fr) | 2009-03-30 | 2017-10-25 | Borealis AG | Câble doté d'un niveau élevé de résistance disruptive après vieillissement |
ES2758129T3 (es) | 2009-11-11 | 2020-05-04 | Borealis Ag | Un cable y procedimiento de producción del mismo |
DE112011100607B4 (de) | 2010-02-19 | 2021-03-04 | Cabot Corporation | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Ruß unter Verwendung eines vorgewärmten Ausgangsmaterials und Apparatur zum Durchführen des Verfahrens |
DE102010002244A1 (de) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-08-25 | Evonik Carbon Black GmbH, 63457 | Ruß, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
EP2628162B9 (fr) | 2010-10-15 | 2020-10-14 | Borealis AG | Composition de polymère semi-conductrice |
EP3591670A1 (fr) | 2010-11-03 | 2020-01-08 | Borealis AG | Composition polymère et câble électrique comprenant la composition polymère |
DE102011003002B4 (de) | 2011-01-21 | 2022-09-08 | Evonik Carbon Black Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ruß |
JP5647534B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-01 | 2014-12-24 | 旭カーボン株式会社 | ソフト系ファーネスカーボンブラック及びゴム組成物 |
CN102174277B (zh) * | 2011-03-11 | 2013-03-20 | 山西永东化工股份有限公司 | 一种高比表面积超导电炭黑的生产方法 |
US9175150B2 (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2015-11-03 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon blacks having low PAH amounts and elastomers containing the same |
CN102910454A (zh) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-06 | 新乡市华音再生能源设备有限公司 | 一种真空炭黑提升机 |
WO2014149455A1 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Cabot Corporation | Procédé de production de noir de carbone faisant intervenir un fluide diluant |
EP3083796B1 (fr) | 2013-12-19 | 2019-05-22 | Borealis AG | Nouvelle composition polymère réticulée, isolation de câbles d'alimentation et câble d'alimentation |
CN105829423B (zh) | 2013-12-19 | 2019-04-19 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 低mfr聚合物组合物、电力电缆绝缘和电力电缆 |
KR102256437B1 (ko) | 2013-12-19 | 2021-05-26 | 보레알리스 아게 | 가교결합된 저 mfr 신규 중합체 조성물, 전력 케이블 전원 및 전원 케이블 |
CN105829425B (zh) | 2013-12-19 | 2019-09-10 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 聚合物组合物、电力电缆绝缘和电力电缆 |
EP2886585A1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | Borealis AG | Composition polymère semi-conductrice pour câbles d'alimentation électrique |
US10100200B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-10-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Use of feedstock in carbon black plasma process |
US10370539B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
US10138378B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-11-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma gas throat assembly and method |
EP3100597B1 (fr) | 2014-01-31 | 2023-06-07 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Chalumeau à plasma avec électrodes en graphite |
CN106660296A (zh) | 2014-08-19 | 2017-05-10 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 新的交联聚合物组合物、结构化层及电缆 |
EP3253904B1 (fr) | 2015-02-03 | 2020-07-01 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Procédé et appareil de refroidissement par récupération |
CN107709474A (zh) | 2015-02-03 | 2018-02-16 | 巨石材料公司 | 炭黑生成系统 |
CN108292826B (zh) | 2015-07-29 | 2020-06-16 | 巨石材料公司 | Dc等离子体焰炬电力设计方法和设备 |
MX2018002943A (es) | 2015-09-09 | 2018-09-28 | Monolith Mat Inc | Grafeno circular de pocas capas. |
JP6974307B2 (ja) | 2015-09-14 | 2021-12-01 | モノリス マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | 天然ガス由来のカーボンブラック |
WO2017190015A1 (fr) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Procédé et appareil de gougeage au chalumeau |
CA3060482C (fr) * | 2016-04-29 | 2023-04-11 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Ajout de chaleur secondaire a un processus de production de particules et appareil |
CA3055830A1 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-13 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systemes et procedes de production de particules de carbone a l'aide un gaz de transfert thermique |
CN115637064A (zh) | 2017-04-20 | 2023-01-24 | 巨石材料公司 | 颗粒系统和方法 |
MX2020002215A (es) | 2017-08-28 | 2020-08-20 | Monolith Mat Inc | Sistemas y metodos para generacion de particulas. |
CA3116989C (fr) | 2017-10-24 | 2024-04-02 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systemes particulaires et procedes |
EP3728443A1 (fr) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-28 | Borealis AG | Câble constitué d'une composition réticulable comprenant des antioxydants, et formation de méthane bénéfique |
WO2019121720A1 (fr) | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-27 | Borealis Ag | Câble constitué d'une composition réticulable sans antioxydant et formation de méthane bénéfique avec réticulation réduite |
US11708432B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-07-25 | Borealis Ag | Crosslinkable composition without antioxidant and beneficial methane formation with reduced crosslinking |
CN111492444B (zh) | 2017-12-18 | 2022-06-14 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 由不含抗氧化剂且具有有利的甲烷形成的可交联组合物制成的电缆 |
BR112020012072A2 (pt) | 2017-12-18 | 2020-11-24 | Borealis Ag | composição de polímero semicondutor |
US11674016B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-06-13 | Borealis Ag | Crosslinkable composition with antioxidant and methane formation and article |
US11708431B2 (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2023-07-25 | Borealis Ag | Polymer composition comprising a polyethylene |
KR102620311B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-01-03 | 오씨아이 주식회사 | 카본 블랙 제조 장치 및 카본 블랙 제조 방법 |
EP3792308A1 (fr) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-03-17 | Borealis AG | Composition polymère semi-conductrice |
CN114651042A (zh) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-06-21 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 半导体聚合物组合物 |
CN114651043A (zh) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-06-21 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 半导体聚合物组合物 |
EP3982376A1 (fr) | 2020-10-06 | 2022-04-13 | Borealis AG | Câble |
EP4259720A1 (fr) | 2020-12-11 | 2023-10-18 | Borealis AG | Composition de polypropylène semi-conductrice |
US20240314889A1 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2024-09-19 | Borealis Ag | Self-regulating heater |
DE112022003218T5 (de) | 2021-06-24 | 2024-04-04 | Cabot Corporation | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung und Wiederverwendung von Restgas- und Abgasbestandteilen |
CN117715989A (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2024-03-15 | 东海炭素株式会社 | 炭黑和炭黑的制造方法以及混合有该炭黑的橡胶组合物 |
EP4261846A1 (fr) | 2022-04-12 | 2023-10-18 | Borealis AG | Câble sous-marin |
EP4294122A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2023-12-20 | Borealis AG | Stratifié durable de chauffage à régulation automatique |
WO2024158657A1 (fr) | 2023-01-25 | 2024-08-02 | Cabot Corporation | Noirs de carbone comportant des additifs de strontium et/ou de baryum et leurs procédés de préparation |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB687867A (en) * | 1950-01-27 | 1953-02-25 | Columbian Carbon | Improvements in carbon black |
US2779664A (en) * | 1953-05-18 | 1957-01-29 | Columbian Carbon | Carbon black production |
US3401020A (en) * | 1964-11-25 | 1968-09-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process and apparatus for the production of carbon black |
FR1466267A (fr) * | 1965-05-31 | 1967-01-20 | Perfectionnements à la fabrication du noir de carbone | |
DE1815463A1 (de) * | 1967-12-29 | 1969-09-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Russ |
US3523812A (en) * | 1968-06-06 | 1970-08-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Modified furnace carbon black |
US4075156A (en) * | 1976-04-30 | 1978-02-21 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Production of non-carcinogenic large particle carbon black |
US4105750A (en) * | 1976-06-16 | 1978-08-08 | Cabot Corporation | Production of carbon blacks |
DE2842977A1 (de) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-04-10 | Gefi Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von russ |
US4755371A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1988-07-05 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Method for producing carbon black |
JPH01246707A (ja) * | 1988-03-29 | 1989-10-02 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | 半導電性樹脂組成物 |
US5236992A (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-08-17 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon blacks and their use in rubber applications |
JP3535157B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-05 | 2004-06-07 | キャボット コーポレイション | カーボンブラックの製造方法と新規なカーボンブラック |
-
1993
- 1993-03-02 JP JP51589193A patent/JP3535157B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-03-02 CA CA002130674A patent/CA2130674C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-02 BR BR9306018A patent/BR9306018A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-02 HU HU9402539A patent/HU215455B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-03-02 KR KR1019940703086A patent/KR0149206B1/ko active
- 1993-03-02 SG SG1996007483A patent/SG49195A1/en unknown
- 1993-03-02 DE DE69326449T patent/DE69326449T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-02 EP EP93906291A patent/EP0629222B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-02 WO PCT/US1993/001972 patent/WO1993018094A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1993-08-23 US US08/109,973 patent/US6156837A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-02 FI FI944049A patent/FI112086B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-03 KR KR1019940703086A patent/KR950700367A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-07-08 FI FI20031041A patent/FI115303B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69326449T2 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
JP3535157B2 (ja) | 2004-06-07 |
CA2130674C (fr) | 2004-04-27 |
FI944049A0 (fi) | 1994-09-02 |
WO1993018094A1 (fr) | 1993-09-16 |
EP0629222A1 (fr) | 1994-12-21 |
FI20031041A (fi) | 2003-07-08 |
HUT68026A (en) | 1995-05-29 |
HU9402539D0 (en) | 1994-11-28 |
FI944049A (fi) | 1994-09-02 |
CA2130674A1 (fr) | 1993-09-06 |
HU215455B (hu) | 1999-01-28 |
FI115303B (fi) | 2005-04-15 |
DE69326449D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
US6156837A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
JPH07504457A (ja) | 1995-05-18 |
SG49195A1 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
BR9306018A (pt) | 1997-11-18 |
KR0149206B1 (ko) | 1998-10-01 |
EP0629222B1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
KR950700367A (ko) | 1995-01-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MA | Patent expired |