ES2824573T3 - Elemento termoconformado de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil - Google Patents

Elemento termoconformado de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2824573T3
ES2824573T3 ES16715010T ES16715010T ES2824573T3 ES 2824573 T3 ES2824573 T3 ES 2824573T3 ES 16715010 T ES16715010 T ES 16715010T ES 16715010 T ES16715010 T ES 16715010T ES 2824573 T3 ES2824573 T3 ES 2824573T3
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Prior art keywords
layer
fibrous layers
element according
zone
intermediate layer
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ES16715010T
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English (en)
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Dominique Lemaire
Guillaume Crignon
Christophe Capron
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Treves Products Services and Innovation SAS
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Treves Products Services and Innovation SAS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

Elemento (1) termoconformado, en especial en forma de un insonorizado de tablero o de una guarnición lateral de maletero, de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil, comprendiendo dicho elemento dos capas fibrosas porosas al derecho (2) y al revés (3), en especial en forma de moqueta, de filtro o de no tejido, estando caracterizado dicho elemento porque presenta en vista frontal: - una zona (4) pesada de alta protección acústica, que comprende una primera capa (5) intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesto entre dichas capas fibrosas, - al menos una zona (6a, 6b) ligera de protección acústica reducida, que comprende una segunda capa (7) intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesta entre dichas capas fibrosas, presentando dicha segunda capa una densidad superficial inferior a la de la primera capa, de manera que forma una zona (6a) ligera de primer tipo.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN
Elemento termoconformado de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil
La invención se refiere a un elemento termoconformado de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil y un procedimiento de realización de dicho elemento.
Se conoce realizar un elemento termoconformado, por ejemplo en forma de una insonorización de un tablero o de un guarnición lateral del maletero, de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil, comprendiendo dicho elemento dos capas fibrosas porosas entre las cuales se dispone una capa intermedia a base de un triturado de material reciclado.
Se conoce, en especial, realizar la capa intermedia a base de un triturado de desechos de producción, en especial, de tipo película plástica, moqueta, etc.
El documento FR 2983 148 divulga un componente de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil, comprendiendo dicho componente una capa de estanqueidad de densidad superficial elevada dispuesta sobre una capa elásticamente compresible, formando dichas capas respectivamente la masa y el resorte de un sistema de aislamiento de tipo masaresorte, estando caracterizado dicho componente porque dicha capa de estanqueidad es a base de butiral de polivinilo.
La capa de triturado, depositada por espolvoreado, presenta una densidad superficial sensiblemente uniforme, sabiendo que el elemento se dispone generalmente enfrente de una superficie heterogénea de emisión sonora.
Con el fin de asegurar una protección acústica adecuada, se necesita depositar una cantidad de triturado que tome en cuenta la porción de superficie más emisiva.
De ello resulta la obtención de un elemento de masa importante que contribuye a hacer más pesado el vehículo, lo que es perjudicial en materia de consumo de combustible.
La invención tiene por objetivo paliar este inconveniente.
Con este fin, y según un primer aspecto, la invención propone un elemento termoconformado, en especial en forma de una insonorización de un tablero o de una guarnición lateral de maletero, de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil, comprendiendo dicho elemento dos capas fibrosas porosas del derecho y del revés, en especial, en forma de moqueta, de filtro o de no tejido, presentando dicho elemento en vista frontal:
- una zona pesada, de alta protección acústica, que comprende una primera capa intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesto entre dichas capas fibrosas,
- al menos una zona ligera, de protección acústica reducida,
dicha zona ligera:
- que comprende una segunda capa intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesta entre dichas capas fibrosas, presentando dicha segunda capa una densidad superficial inferior a la de la primera capa, de manera que forman una zona ligera de primer tipo. El elemento puede comprender una zona ligera de segundo tipo que está desprovista de capa intermedia, estando dispuestas dichas capas fibrosas en contacto entre sí de manera que forman esta zona ligera del segundo tipo.
La disposición propuesta permite poner sobre cada zona sólo el elemento justo necesario en la capa intermedia, incluso de no poner la capa intermedia, esto en función de las variaciones de emisividad sonora de la superficie la cual se quiere proteger acústicamente, lo que permite realizar elementos aligerados con respecto a los conocidos de la técnica anterior.
Según un segundo aspecto, la invención propone un procedimiento de realización de dicho elemento.
Otras particularidades y ventajas de la invención aparecerán en la descripción siguiente, hecha con referencia a las figuras adjuntas, en las cuales:
- la figura 1 es una vista esquemática en sección parcial, según la línea AA de la figura 2, de un elemento según una realización,
- la figura 2 es una vista esquemática frontal del elemento de la figura 1.
Con referencia a las figuras, se describe un elemento 1 termoconformado, en especial en forma de insonorización de un tablero o de una guarnición lateral de maletero, de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil, comprendiendo dicho elemento dos capas fibrosas porosas, del derecho 2 y del revés 3, en especial en forma de moqueta, de fieltro o de no tejido, presentando dicho elemento en vista frontal:
- una zona 4 pesada, de alta protección acústica, que comprende una primera capa 5 intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesta entre dichas capas fibrosas,
- al menos una zona 6a, 6b ligera de protección acústica reducida,
dicha zona ligera:
- que comprende una segunda capa 7 intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesta entre dichas capas fibrosas, presentando dicha segunda capa una densidad superficial inferior a la de dicha primera capa, de manera que forma una zona 6a ligera de primer tipo,
- o bien estando desprovista de capa intermedia, estando dispuesta dichas capas fibrosas en contacto entre sí, de manera que forman una zona 6b ligera de segundo tipo.
Según la realización representada, el elemento 1 comprende una zona 4 pesada, al menos una zona 6a ligera de primer tipo y al menos una zona 6b ligera de segundo tipo.
Según una realización, la primera capa 5 presenta una resistencia al paso del aire, medida según la norma ISO 9053/método B por flujo de aire alternativo, superior a 4000 N.s.irr3 de manera que presenta una estanqueidad que permite un aislamiento acústico.
Según una realización, el elemento 1 comprende además, cuando la primera capa 5 es estanca, una capa 8 externa, en especial a base de espuma o de fieltro, elásticamente compresible dispuesta por debajo de la capa 3 fibrosa del revés, al menos en frente de la zona 4 pesada, de manera que dicho elemento forma un complejo de aislamiento acústico de tipo “masa resorte”.
Según una variante, una de las capas 2, 3 capas, es a su vez elástica mente compresible de manera que juega el papel de resorte en el sistema “masa resorte”.
Según una realización, la primera capa 5 comprende residuos de alta densidad a base de elastómero termoplástico, en especial de tipo monómero de etileno propileno dieno, cargado con una carga mineral.
Su densidad superficial está por ejemplo comprendida entre 1000 y 2000 g/m2
Según una realización, la segunda capa 7 comprende desechos de baja densidad a base de fibras.
Su densidad superficial está por ejemplo comprendida entre 100 y 500 g/m2.
Según una realización, las capas 2, 3 fibrosas están copunzonadas de manera que aseguran la cohesión de las diferentes capas 2, 3, 5, 7.
Según una realización, al menos una capa 5, 7 intermedia es a base de butiral de polivinilo (PVB).
Una utilización clásica del PVB consiste en interponer una película entre dos capas de vidrio, en especial para realizar parabrisas de vehículos automóviles o cristales de inmuebles.
Una característica de este material es su elasticidad muy importante que permite retener el vidrio roto y que evita a las capas de vidrio volar en pedazos durante un choque.
Dicha elasticidad permite contemplar un termoconformado con fuertes estiramientos, sin roturas perjudiciales para una estanqueidad buscada para la capa intermedia 5, 7.
Además, el PVB presenta la particularidad de tener una densidad del orden de 1,1 bastante superior a la de los desechos utilizados en la técnica anterior, lo que permite disponer de una capa 5, 7 intermedia de mucho menos volumen que las conocidas de la técnica anterior, y por tanto optimizar el volumen disponible por otro lado en el vehículo.
Finalmente el PVB permite evitar un copunzonado, esto debido a su carácter fuertemente adhesivo que puede ser suficiente para asegurar la conexión de las capas 2, 3 fibrosas, entre sí.
Se describe finalmente un procedimiento de realización de un elemento 1, comprendiendo dicho procedimiento las etapas siguientes:
- prever al menos un triturado que proviene del reciclaje,
- prever dos rollos de capa 2, 3 fibrosa,
- depositar dicho al menos un triturado por espolvoreado sobre dichos rollos accionado en desenrollamiento, de manera que se realizan zonas 6a, 6b ligeras y zonas 4 pesadas, y recubrir el espolvoreado por el otro de dichos rollos accionado en desenrollamiento,
- recortar una lámina en el complejo obtenido,
- termoconformar dicha lámina a la geometría del elemento 1 a obtener.
El termoconformado puede ser seguido de un recortado periférico y/o interno de acabado eventual.
Se puede realizar un copunzonado del complejo obtenido antes del recortado de la lámina, con el fin de asegurar una cohesión entre las capas 2, 3 porosas.
En el caso de dos capas 5, 7 intermedias se pueden prever dos espolvoreados provistos cada uno de un triturado, siendo alternada su utilización en el tiempo o bien siendo desfasada su posicionamiento, de manera que se realiza un espolvoreado ligero en una zona 6a ligera de primer tipo y un espolvoreado pesado en una zona 4 pesada.
Se pueden por tanto prever lapsos de tiempo en los que no se realiza espolvoreado, o bien una banda de rodillo dispuesta separada de la máquina de espolvoreado, de manera que se realizan zonas ligeras 6b de segundo tipo desprovistas de capa intermedia.

Claims (9)

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Elemento (1) termoconformado, en especial en forma de un insonorizado de tablero o de una guarnición lateral de maletero, de protección acústica para vehículo automóvil, comprendiendo dicho elemento dos capas fibrosas porosas al derecho (2) y al revés (3), en especial en forma de moqueta, de filtro o de no tejido, estando caracterizado dicho elemento porque presenta en vista frontal:
- una zona (4) pesada de alta protección acústica, que comprende una primera capa (5) intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesto entre dichas capas fibrosas,
- al menos una zona (6a, 6b) ligera de protección acústica reducida, que comprende una segunda capa (7) intermedia a base de triturado de material reciclado dispuesta entre dichas capas fibrosas, presentando dicha segunda capa una densidad superficial inferior a la de la primera capa, de manera que forma una zona (6a) ligera de primer tipo.
2. Elemento según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque comprende una zona (6b) ligera de segundo tipo desprovista de capa intermedia, estando dispuestas las capas (2, 3) fibrosas una contra otra, de manera que forman dicha zona ligera de segundo tipo.
3. Elemento según una de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, caracterizado porque la primera capa (5) presenta una resistencia al paso del aire, medida según la norma ISO 9053/método B por flujo de aire alternativo, superior a 4000 N.s.itt3 de manera que presenta una estanqueidad que permite un aislamiento acústico.
4. Elemento la reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque comprende además una capa (8) externa, en especial a base de espuma o de fieltro, elásticamente compresible dispuesta sobre la capa (3) fibrosa del revés, al menos en frente de la zona (4) pesada, de manera que dicho elemento forma un complejo de aislamiento acústico de tipo “masa resorte”.
5. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizado porque la primera capa (5) comprende residuos de alta densidad a base de elastómero termoplástico, en especial del tipo monómero de etileno propileno dieno, cargado con una carga mineral.
6. Elemento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizado porque la segunda capa (7) comprende desechos de baja densidad a base de fibras.
7. Elemento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque las capas (2, 3) fibrosas están copunzonadas de manera que aseguran la cohesión de las diferentes capas (2, 3, 5, 7).
8. Elemento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, caracterizado porque al menos una capa (5, 7) intermedia es a base de butiral de polivinilo (PVB).
9. Procedimiento de realización de un elemento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizado porque comprende las etapas siguientes:
- prever al menos un triturado que proviene del reciclado,
- prever dos rollos de capa (2, 3) fibrosa,
- disponer al menos dicho un triturado por espolvoreado sobre dichos rollos accionados en desenrollamiento, de manera que realizan zonas (6a, 6b) ligeras y zonas (4) pesadas, y recubrir el espolvoreado por el otro de dichos rollos accionados en desenrollamiento,
- recortar una lámina en el complejo obtenido,
- termoconformar dicha lámina a la geometría del elemento (1) a obtener.
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FR3033733A1 (fr) 2016-09-23
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WO2016146919A1 (fr) 2016-09-22
EP3271166B1 (fr) 2020-07-15
FR3033733B1 (fr) 2017-04-28
US20180072026A1 (en) 2018-03-15
EP3271166A1 (fr) 2018-01-24

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