CN107864641B - 用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件 Download PDF

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CN107864641B
CN107864641B CN201680022965.8A CN201680022965A CN107864641B CN 107864641 B CN107864641 B CN 107864641B CN 201680022965 A CN201680022965 A CN 201680022965A CN 107864641 B CN107864641 B CN 107864641B
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porous fibrous
intermediate layer
layer
thermoformed
thermoformed element
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CN107864641A (zh
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D·勒麦尔
G·克里尼翁
C·卡普龙
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Cera APS SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种元件(1)，其包括两个多孔纤维层，即多孔纤维正面层(2)和多孔纤维背面层(3)，所述元件从正视图中看具有：一具有强声音保护的重区域(4)，其包括由压碎的可回收材料制成的第一中间层(5)，该第一中间层布置在两个多孔纤维层之间；至少一具有低声音保护的轻区域(6a，6b)，所述轻区域包括由压碎的可回收材料制成的第二中间层(7)，该第二中间层布置在两个多孔纤维层之间，所述第二中间层的单位面积质量小于所述第一中间层的单位面积质量，以便形成第一类型的轻区域(6a)，或实际上不设有中间层，所述两个多孔纤维层彼此接触地布置，以便形成第二类型的轻区域(6b)。

Description

用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件以及一种用于制造这种热成形元件的制造方法。
背景技术
已知制造一种用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件，该热成形元件例如呈发动机挡板或侧向行李箱衬套的消声器的形式，所述热成形元件包括两个多孔纤维层，由压碎的可回收材料制成的一中间层布置在这两个多孔纤维层之间。
特别是已知制造由压碎的生产废料制成的中间层，特别是塑性材料膜、绒头织物等类型的生产废料。
通过撒播布置的压碎材料层具有大致均匀的单位面积质量，已知的是元件通常面对着声音发射不均匀表面布置。
为了确保合适的声音保护，考虑到发射性最大的表面部分需要布置一定量的压碎材料。
这导致获得有助于增加机动车辆的重量的质量大的元件，这对于碳氢燃料消耗是有害的。
本发明的目的在于克服这种缺点。
发明内容
为此并根据第一方面，本发明提出一种用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件，该热成形元件特别呈发动机挡板或侧向行李箱衬套的消声器(insonorisant)的形式，所述热成形元件包括两个多孔纤维层，即多孔纤维正面层和多孔纤维背面层，这两个多孔纤维层特别呈绒头织物、毡制品或非织造纤维的形式，所述热成形元件的特征在于，所述热成形元件从正视图中看具有：
-一具有强声音保护的重区域，其包括由压碎的可回收材料制成的第一中间层，该第一中间层布置在所述两个多孔纤维层之间；
-至少一具有弱声音保护的轻区域，
所述轻区域：
-包括由压碎的可回收材料制成的第二中间层，该第二中间层布置在所述两个多孔纤维层之间，所述第二中间层的单位面积质量小于所述第一中间层的单位面积质量，以便形成第一类型的轻区域；
-或者不设有中间层，所述两个多孔纤维层彼此接触地布置，以便形成第二类型的轻区域。
提出的设置使得能够在仅仅严格需要的元件的每个区域上布置一中间层，甚至不需要布置任何中间层，这取决于期望获得声音保护的表层的声音发射率的变化，这使得能够制造比现有技术中公知的元件轻的元件。
根据第二方面，本发明提出一种用于制造这种热成形元件的制造方法。
附图说明
在参考附图进行的描述中，本发明的其它特征和优点将显示出来，在附图中：
-图1是根据一实施方式的元件的沿着图2的线AA的示意性局部剖视图，
-图2是图1的元件的示意性正视图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，描述用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件1，热成形元件特别呈发动机挡板或侧向行李箱衬套的消声器的形式，所述热成形元件包括两个多孔纤维层，即多孔纤维正面层2和多孔纤维背面层3，这两个多孔纤维层特别呈绒头织物、毡制品或非织造纤维的形式，所述热成形元件从正视图中看具有：
-一具有强声音保护的重区域4，其包括布置在所述纤维层之间的由压碎的可回收材料制成的第一中间层5；
-至少一具有弱声音保护的轻区域6a、6b，
所述轻区域：
-包括布置在所述纤维层之间的压碎的可回收材料制成的第二中间层7，所述第二中间层具有小于所述第一中间层的单位面积质量的单位面积质量，以便形成第一类型的轻区域6a，
-或者不设有中间层，所述纤维层彼此接触地布置，以便形成第二类型的轻区域6b。
根据所示的实施方式，元件1包括一重区域4、至少一第一类型的轻区域6a和至少一第二类型的轻区域6b。
根据一实施方式，第一层5具有空气通过阻力，该空气通过阻力根据标准ISO9053/通过交替的空气流通的方法B测得，该空气通过阻力大于4000N.s.m-3，以便具有允许声音隔绝的密封性。
根据一实施方式，元件1还具有特别是由泡沫或毡制品制成的第二层8，当第一层5密封时，第二层可弹性压缩地布置在纤维背面层3 之下，面对着重区域4，以便所述元件形成“质量弹簧”类型的声音隔绝复合物。
根据一实施变型，纤维层2、3之一本身是可弹性压缩的，以便在“质量弹簧”系统中起到弹簧作用。
根据一实施方式，第一层5包括由热塑性弹性体——特别是乙烯- 丙烯-二烯系单体型的热塑性弹性体——制成的高密度的废料，填充有矿物质填充物。
其单位面积质量例如包括在1000-2000g/m2之间。
根据一实施方式，第二层7包括由纤维制成的低密度的废料。
其单位面积质量例如包括在100-500g/m2之间。
根据一实施方式，纤维层2、3是共植绒的(co-aiguilletée)，以便确保不同层2、3、5、7的粘合。
根据一实施方式，至少一中间层5、7由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB) 制成。
PVB的一般使用在于将其以薄膜的形式插置在两个玻璃层之间，特别是用于制造机动车辆的挡风玻璃或建筑物的玻璃窗。
这种材料的特征是其非常大的弹性，非常大的弹性使得能够保持破碎的玻璃和在撞击时避免玻璃层炸得粉碎。
这种弹性使得能够考虑其具有强拉伸的热成形，而没有损害寻求用于中间层5、7的密封性的断裂。
此外，PVB具有密度约为1.1的特性，PVB的密度远远大于在现有技术中使用的压碎材料的密度，这使得能够布置一中间层5、7，该中间层的体积远远小于现有技术中已知的中间层的体积，因此使得在机动车辆中另外可用的体积最优化。
最后，PVB允许避免共植绒，这是由于其强粘附特征可以满足确保纤维层2、3之间的连结。
最后描述一种用于制造元件1的制造方法，所述制造方法包括以下步骤：
-设置至少一压碎的可回收材料，
-设置两个纤维层2、3卷，
-将所述至少一压碎的可回收材料通过喷撒布置在所述两个多孔纤维层卷中一个被致动展开的多孔纤维层卷上，以便生成轻区域6a、 6b和重区域4，以及用所述两个多孔纤维层卷中另一个被致动展开的多孔纤维层卷覆盖喷撒物，
-在获得的复合物中剪切一坯件，
-使所述坯件热成形为待获得的元件1的几何形状。
热成形可以跟随用于可能的精炼的周边和/或内部切割。
可以实施在坯件切割之前获得的复合物的共植绒，以便确保在多孔纤维层2、3之间的粘结。
在两个中间层5、7的情况下，可以设置两个喷撒层，每个喷撒层都设有一种压碎材料，喷撒层和压碎材料的使用随时间交替或它们的位置错开，以便在第一类型的轻区域6a实施轻喷撒以及在重区域4 实施重喷撒。
也可以设置一时间段，其中没有实施喷撒，或者与喷撒层隔开布置的滚动带，以便实施没有中间层的第二类型的轻区域6b。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于机动车辆的声音保护用的热成形元件(1)，所述热成形元件包括两个多孔纤维层，即多孔纤维正面层(2)和多孔纤维背面层(3)，所述热成形元件的特征在于，所述热成形元件从正视看具有：
-一具有强声音保护的重区域(4)，其包括由压碎的可回收材料制成的第一中间层(5)，该第一中间层布置在所述两个多孔纤维层之间；
-至少一具有弱声音保护的轻区域(6a，6b)，所述轻区域包括由压碎的可回收材料制成的第二中间层(7)，该第二中间层布置在所述两个多孔纤维层之间，所述第二中间层的单位面积质量小于所述第一中间层的单位面积质量，以便形成第一类型的轻区域。
所述第一中间层(5)具有空气通过阻力，该空气通过阻力根据标准ISO9053/通过交替的空气流通的方法B测得，该空气通过阻力大于4000N.s.m-3，以便具有允许声音隔绝的密封性；
并且，所述热成形元件还包括可弹性压缩外层(8)，所述可弹性压缩外层可弹性压缩地布置在多孔纤维背面层(3)之下，至少面对着重区域(4)，使得所述热成形元件形成“质量弹簧”类型的声音隔绝复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，第一中间层(5)包括由热塑性弹性体制成的高密度的废料，填充有矿物质填充物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，第二中间层(7)包括由纤维制成的低密度的废料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，所述两个多孔纤维层是共植绒的，以便确保不同层的粘结。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，至少一中间层由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVB制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，所述热成形元件包括第二类型的轻区域，第二类型的轻区域不设有中间层，所述两个多孔纤维层彼此接触地布置以便形成第二类型的轻区域。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，所述热成形元件呈发动机挡板或侧向行李箱衬套的消声器的形式。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，所述两个多孔纤维层呈绒头织物、毡制品或非织造纤维的形式。
9.根据权利要求1所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，所述可弹性压缩外层由泡沫或毡制品制成。
10.根据权利要求2所述的热成形元件，其特征在于，热塑性弹性体是乙烯-丙烯-二烯系单体型的热塑性弹性体。
11.用于制造根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的热成形元件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述制造方法包括以下步骤：
-设置至少一压碎的可回收材料，
-设置两个多孔纤维层卷，
-将所述至少一压碎的可回收材料通过喷撒布置在所述两个多孔纤维层卷中一个被致动展开的多孔纤维层卷上以便生成轻区域(6a，6b)和重区域(4)，以及用所述两个多孔纤维层卷中另一个被致动展开的多孔纤维层卷覆盖喷撒物，
-在获得的复合物中剪切一坯件，
-使所述坯件热成形成待获得的热成形元件(1)的几何形状。
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