ES2357731T3 - FORMWORK SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION IN BRIDGE VOLADIZE. - Google Patents

Abstract

A formwork configuration (10) for the cantilever construction of bridges has at least one lower girder configuration (14), which is suspended on an upper girder configuration (12) and is supported on at least one suspension (16) via a ball joint.

Description

Technical Aspect

The invention relates to a formwork system for the cantilever construction of bridges.

During the cantilever construction of concrete bridges it is necessary that those formwork between which the necessary reinforcements are to be placed and where the concrete that forms the next partial section 5 will be poured, must be supported on the bridge section that has already It has been manufactured and is sufficiently set. To this end, essentially beams or rails are placed at the end of the bridge section that is already manufactured, on which a top beam system is mobilely supported. The upper beam system can project overhang in the direction of the cantilever construction and / or over the side edge of the bridge section that has already been manufactured. In some sections of the upper beam system the formwork may be placed for the upper area 10 of the bridge. From the upper beam system, a lower beam system may also be suspended, which is intended for the optionally movable support of other formwork for lower areas of the bridge and / or interior formwork, in the case of a hollow drawer profile of the bridge. The support of all the movable elements generally takes place by means of rollers. Once a new section of the work has been manufactured, the formwork system can be pushed forward to prepare the reinforcement for the next section 15. In this regard, the rails or beams on which the formwork system rests can be extended, over the last section of work that has been manufactured.

State of the Art

A formwork system for the cantilever construction of bridges, in which supports can be provided by means of rollers and where a formwork is mobile independently of an exterior formwork, is known from WO 83/04274.

Document DE 28 48 536 A1 refers to a similar system in which friction bearings may be provided. Other formwork systems in this sector are deduced from EP 0 004 251 A1, DE 26 60 087 B1 and US 3,989,218.

A system according to the preamble of claim 1 as well as with transverse beams in the lower 25-beam system is known from DE 19 25 958 A.

EP 1 457 601 A1 refers to a device and a method for the fabrication by sections of a prestressed concrete bearing structure with advancement formwork systems and braces that can have a spherical ball-shaped support.

Document DE 32 47 326 A1 describes a method and formwork for the manufacture of bridges made of reinforced concrete, where a movable formwork is used.

Exhibition of the Invention

The invention aims to create a formwork system for the cantilever construction of bridges that is improved in terms of application versatility and / or manufacturing expense for the formwork system. 35

The solution of this objective is achieved by the formwork system described in claim 1.

Accordingly, there is at least one lower beam system suspended from an upper beam system that has a movable support, and that is supported at least through a spherical kneecap. In this way the lower beam system can be tilted to a certain extent in relation to the upper beam system, which allows a particularly wide range of bridge sections to be made. In addition to this, the transmission of the forces can be carried out without bending moments thanks to the ball joint. In this way, all the components involved, in particular the suspensions, can be realized with a lower material expense and therefore more economically, which gives rise to economic advantages. The upper and / or lower beam system essentially extends largely in a horizontal direction, and the suspension takes place largely in a vertical direction, so that due to the angle thus formed which is approximately 45 90 °, especially favorable conditions of force can be achieved. The suspension of the lower beam system can be used in particular to simultaneously support the weight of the formwork when adjusting and / or loading concrete.

Preferred improvements to the formwork system according to the invention are described in the remaining claims. fifty

Both for the stability of the lower beam system and also for the possibility of applying other components such as, for example, the formwork itself, it is currently preferred to provide the lower beam system in the form of a grill or beam trellis.

The great versatility of application is further improved if, as preferred, at least one suspension of the lower beam system is provided, which is height adjustable. The height adjustment can take place 55

preferably without stepping, and it can be advantageously provided in the area of the upper beam system, which results in particularly easy accessibility and therefore without danger. In this way, the position of the different suspensions can be adjusted individually, so that the position relationship between the lower and upper beam system can be modified in a particularly flexible way. This continues to increase the adaptability of the formwork system according to the invention for different geometries of the works being attempted, in particular the bridges, and advantageously increases the field of application.

As for the spherical kneecap, the use of at least one spherical cap is currently planned.

In order to protect the ball joint, and in particular the ball socket, the use of at least one housing in the lower beam system is also provided, within which the ball joint is housed, in particular the ball socket. 10

As regards the position of a housing of this class, it is currently preferred to provide it with a beam that runs largely in the direction transverse to the direction of the overhang. For fixing the housing, fixing systems on a hollow profile beam can be used advantageously, as described below, in particular those located on the side wings. In addition, two longitudinal beams of the beam system can be fixed between two housings. fifteen

At least one of the beams of the formwork system according to the invention is provided as a closed hollow profile, in the form of a drawer. By means of such a configuration, significantly lower tolerances can be made than what happens in the laminated profiles currently used. The described beam can be made, for example, as a welded construction, composed of different sections. In this way the materials and wall thicknesses of the different sections can be adapted advantageously according to the 20 requirements that the respective sections must satisfy. This is equally applicable to the ease of machining. In particular, it has been seen in the first tests that, thanks to the structure according to the invention, a greater load capacity in terms of bending and / or torsion can be obtained, compared to profiles of the same weight commonly used. Consequently, weight and material can be saved for a given specified load capacity, which not only allows for a more economical manufacture of the respective beam, but also allows savings to be made in a positive manner in the remaining bearing elements, to the view of the considerable total weight of the formwork system. By means of the configuration of one of the beams as a hollow drawer profile, accredited standard components can be used that are known as rental parts, for example.

As mentioned, it has been advantageous to form the hollow profile beam based on several sections, in order to be able to adapt the different sections in a particularly effective manner to the respective requirements 30 set for them.

This is reflected, for example, in that preferred refinement in which at least two sections of the hollow profile beam differ in terms of their material and / or thickness.

Although it is intended to employ hollow profile beams at numerous points of the formwork system, in giving rise to the described advantages, at least one hollow profile beam is used according to the invention in such a way that it extends to a large extent in direction perpendicular to the direction of the overhang, in other words, in a direction transverse to it and substantially horizontal. In the beams with this orientation, the advantages according to the invention could be carried out with special profusion.

As regards compatibility with other components of the formwork system, it has also been advantageous if the hollow profile beam has at least one wing. On the other hand, one or several wings of this class can be carried out especially easily, especially in a welded structure, and which in the form of a butt weld allow the use of especially simple welding processes.

With a view to coupling other components to the hollow profile beam according to the invention, it is currently preferred that at least one of the wings has a substantially horizontal extension in the use position. Four. Five

For this same reason, in the formwork system according to the invention at least one hollow profile beam has at least one modular weft of fixing holes. These can be provided, for example, in one or more of the wings in one or more sections which (seen in section) form the closed part of the hollow profile. One or more modular frames of this type of fixing systems can be coupled to other components at many different points. In this way the formwork system according to the invention 50 can be used in a versatile manner and can be adapted to different bridge geometries. Thanks to the numerous possibilities of coupling components surrounding the hollow profile beam according to the invention, it is possible to make asymmetric structures, connect a bridge or other kind of cantilever structure to existing structures and set aside obstacles when carrying out the cantilever construction . The numerous fixing possibilities provided in a modular frame also allow great flexibility in terms of the static design of the formwork system itself, until an asymmetric force transmission is achieved. The modular frame of fixing systems described allows the use of numerous standard construction elements and their application at numerous different points. In this way, there may in particular be extreme areas of the hollow profile beam according to the invention that remain unused and protrude from the formwork system.

Due to the aforementioned weight savings, this does not lead to appreciable inconveniences.

For the modular frame of the fixing systems it has been advantageous to provide for at least two of these, which differ in terms of the distances between the different fixing systems and / or the sizes of the fixing systems of the respective modular frame. In other words, in a first section of the hollow profile beam according to the invention a modular frame of fixing systems with a first separation 5 and / or a first size of fixing systems can be provided, and in one or more other sections of the hollow profile beam are a second or other modular frames of fixing systems with a second different separation between the fixing systems and / or a second different size of the fixing systems. In this way, the possibility of applying different components and / or components with a different modular weft can be created in different areas of the hollow profile beam. 10

In the formwork system according to the invention, it is currently preferred that at least one friction bearing is provided between a fixed part and a movable part of the formwork system, which has at least one plastic support part. The use of friction bearings has the following advantages compared to the roller supports used so far. In roller supports there is even in the case of bridges with low radius the risk that the rollers will leave the rails provided for them or "mount" 15 on the supported beam sections, and for example climb or mount on wings or similar. Taking into account the considerable weight of such formwork systems, which can have a weight of several tens of tons, there is a considerable safety problem because the formwork system after mounting a roller support in this way, it falls again in the "support lane" truly planned. In addition, the roller supports are problematic in the case of structures that have slopes, since to move forward the formwork system, oscillating cylinders are generally provided that in a first working state are supported on a beam or on a rail that It is fixed to a section of work already built, and that move the formwork system forward. In a second working position, the formwork system remains in place and the cylinders are collected, so that the supports are pulled back. In this situation, the formwork system that generally weighs tons is unsecured and in the event that there is a slope it can move forward due to the described roller support, which represents a considerable safety risk.

By means of the plastic support part according to the invention there is a markedly lower risk that the support moves out of its rail or of the beam provided for support. In addition, a plastic support piece has been advantageous when even a certain slope can be made with a self-braking nature. Consequently, the formwork system can remain secure in its place even in buildings that are pending, and support can be collected in the manner described. In other words, the support forces can be calculated and taken into account for a defined behavior of the formwork system as a whole, even during the second work phase described above. Finally, the plastic sliding bearing according to the invention has an improved force transmission with respect to the roller supports, when covering a surface.

For the plastic support part, it is currently preferred that it be provided in a mobile part of the formwork system. For this, it must be taken into account that the immovable part of the formwork system can have one or several beams or rails with a considerable longitudinal extension in order to ensure a certain degree of movement for the formwork system. If plastic support pieces were provided there, they would also have to extend a considerable length. For this reason it is currently preferred for reasons of efficiency to place the plastic support parts in the part of the relatively short mobile formwork system or only in isolated sections thereof.

For the matching of materials within the frame of the friction bearing of the formwork system according to the invention, it has been favorable for the other support piece that acts in conjunction with the plastic support piece, a metal support piece, preferably of steel . By means of a pairing of materials of this class, especially well-calculated support characteristics can be realized, for example self-braking.

For practice it is currently preferred that the friction bearing is self-braking to a slope of about 5%, preferably about 6% and more preferably up to 10%. In this way, a wide range of applications can be covered with a particularly safe way of proceeding.

Taking into account the expense resulting from the wear of the support pieces it is also advantageous that at least one of the support parts, preferably the plastic support part, is interchangeable.

The fixing of the plastic support piece can be carried out especially easily and magnetically. The plastic support piece can also be advantageously provided as part of a friction bearing between the respective components or movable sections of a formwork system for the cantilever construction of bridges. In the first tests, however, particularly good experiences have been achieved if a friction bearing of this kind was provided between an internal formwork carriage and / or a side formwork on one side and a fixed section of the formwork system, on the other hand .

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be explained in greater detail using the embodiments shown by way of example in the drawings.

These show:

Fig. 1 a perspective view of a formwork system according to the invention;

Fig. 2 a perspective view of a hollow profile beam in the formwork system of Fig. 1; 5

Fig. 3 a perspective view below a friction bearing in the formwork system of Fig. 1; Y

Fig. 4 a perspective visa, partially sectioned, of a detail of Fig. 1.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention

As can be seen in Fig. 1, the formwork system 10 according to the invention, which in the direction of the cantilever can have an extension of several meters, for example 5 meters, is supported on a section 30 10 of a bridge that is already made. The bridge section 30 that is already made can be cantilevered, and the formwork system 10 can be provided to manufacture another partial section, also in cantilever. For the support of the formwork system 10, four beams 32 have been placed in the represented case, which essentially serve as support and support for the formwork system 10. The beams 32 mainly act as rails on which the system of displacement is supported. formwork 10, as will be described below in greater detail. In Fig. 1 a state is shown in which the formwork system 10, in which no formwork is represented, has been slid forward out of the last partial section that has already been manufactured, and which in the represented situation is It is located directly in front of the last partial section that has been made.

The support of the formwork 10 in the beams 32 takes place in the case represented by friction bearings 20 34, which act essentially with the upper faces of the beams 32. The forward movement is carried out in the case represented by two hydraulic cylinders 36, which oscillate and which, alternately leaning on the supports 38, move the formwork system forward, or that while the formwork system 10 remains fixed, the supports 38 are being picked up. In addition to the friction bearings 34 described, some supports are provided. opposites 40, which can fit, for example, below the projecting wings of the beams 32 25 in order to support the weight of the cantilever formwork system. Anchor bars may also be provided for this purpose.

In general, the formwork system has an upper beam system 12, composed of transverse beams 20 and longitudinal beams 42. By means of several bars 16, a lower beam system 14 is suspended from the upper beam system 12, which also has Transverse beams 20 and longitudinal beams 30 42. In the upper beams system 12 and / or the lower beams 14 standardized platforms can be placed, among other things thanks to the possibilities described below for the application of standardized construction elements. In the example shown, all the transverse beams 20 are made as hollow profile beams, as will be explained in greater detail when referring to Fig. 2. In Fig. 1 it is further observed that between the beams 20, in particular in the case of the upper beam system 12, stabilization of the beam system can be carried out by means of additional braces 44 oriented for example in a diagonal direction. In addition, beams 46 running diagonally downwards can be provided to form the upper formwork system 12 with some lattice-like sections. In this way it is furthermore that the upper beam system, essentially in the form of the cross beams 20, is distanced in a vertical direction from the surface of the bridge section 30, such that the space below the upper beam assembly can be leave 40 advantageously free for the necessary work, for example for the placement of reinforcements. The space available for this is further enlarged by the fact that said diagonal braces 44 are located in relatively outer areas, so that the interior space located between them can be conveniently used for the supply of reinforcements and the like. In the example shown, the suspension of the lower beam system 14 is carried out by means of several bars 16 on which the lower beam system 14 of 45 is supported in a special way which will be described in greater detail below.

Referring to Fig. 2, the arrangement of the respective transverse beams 20 of the formwork system of Fig. 1 is described in greater detail first. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the respective beam 20, seen in section, it presents, as can be seen at the front end (Fig. 2), a closed section in the form of a drawer. In the example shown, it is formed by different sections, in example 50 shown by two sections of substantially horizontal orientation 22.1 and two sections of soul 22.2 which in the representation have a substantially vertical orientation. Due to the fact that the horizontal sections 22.1 have a width greater than the spacing between the soul sections 22.2, there are protruding wings 24 on the lateral edges of the beam 20. From Fig. 2 it is observed schematically that the horizontal sections 22.1 are somewhat thicker than the soul sections 22.2. This expresses that these sections 55 may be provided with different thickness and / or of different material according to the different requirements posed for them. In the upper right area of Fig. 2, that is to say in the rear area (according to Fig. 2) of the

beam 20 a closing plate 48 is observed, which in the example shown protrudes in all directions of the sections 22 of the beam 20. It should be mentioned that the beam 20 can also present at its other end, that is to say at the front end according to Fig. 2, a closure plate 48 of this kind, which for reasons of representation of the interior of the beam 20 has been omitted in Fig. 2. In the closure plate 48, numerous fastening devices can be observed in the form of fixing holes 50, by means of which it is possible to apply another 5 peripheral components.

This is similarly applicable for the modular weft of fixing devices in the form of holes 26.1 which extend essentially along the entire length of the beam 20 and in its longitudinal direction. In the case shown, it is provided on all the wings 24 of the beam 20 that laterally protrude a relatively dense modular weft of fixing devices in the form of holes 26.1. The different holes of this modular frame 10 can, for example, have a gap of about 10 cm, and serve to fix "lattice components" such as diagonal supports 44 and / or diagonal beams 46. In the exemplary embodiment shown , the fixing devices 26.2 of a second modular frame that is in the closed area as a drawer (sectional view), have a greater separation and a larger diameter of the holes. The separation can be for example 20 cm and can be used for the passage of bars 16 (see Fig. 1) for the suspension of the lower beam system 14. As shown in Fig. 2, the profile of the beam 20 It can be described as an I profile with a double central core, so that a closed hollow profile is formed (seen in section) in the central core area. The horizontal sections 22.1 and the sections of the soul 22.2 of the beam 20 as well as the closing plates 48 can be for example welded together. The beam shown in Fig. 2 can, for example, have a height dimension (in the direction of the soul sections 22.2) of about 40 cm. twenty

In Fig. 3 a drive unit is shown consisting essentially of a friction bearing 34, a hydraulic cylinder 36 and a support 38. The operation of the drive unit has already been described above when referring to Fig. 1. From Fig. 3 it is observed as a complement that in the example of embodiment shown the friction bearing 34 has two skates 52 which are provided with the possibility of displacement on the upper faces of the beams 32 arranged on the bridge section and finished 30. 25 The skates 52 have lateral limitations 54 substantially in the form of plates as well as plastic support pieces 28. The plastic support parts 28 may be adjusted according to the other bearing part, which in the present case are the beams 32, so that the support is self-braking to a certain slope. In addition, the plastic support pieces can be fixed on the skates interchangeably and / or magnetically. In the drive unit shown in Fig. 3, there is also an axis 56 30 extending substantially in the longitudinal direction, that is to say in the direction of the cantilever projection, around which the upper beam system can have a rotating support around of a substantially horizontal axis.

Fig. 4 shows a detail of the articulated suspension of the lower beam system 14 in the upper beam system 12 (see Fig. 1), which can be seen in the overall view of Fig. 1. Lower beam is recognized in Fig. 45 a longitudinal beam 42 as well as a housing 18 arranged next to it. As explained above, the housing is fixed on a transverse beam 20. The articulated suspension takes place in particular by means of a bar 16 at the lower end, which for this purpose may have a thread, a supported spherical cap 60 is provided. by means of a nut 58. The spherical cap 60 has a spherical surface and in the embodiment shown it acts together with an opposite piece 62 cut in a ring shape, with a spherical inner surface 64. It can be seen that the cutout of the piece. opposite 62 is larger than the diameter of the bar 16, so that there is a possibility that the lower beam system, in which the housing 18 shown in Fig. 4 is arranged, can make an inclination around all axes . As already mentioned above, in this way the beam system can be adapted in a particularly flexible manner to inclined bridge geometries and other special application cases. Four. Five

Claims (17)

1. Formwork system (10) for the cantilever construction of bridges, with at least one lower beam system (14) that is suspended from an upper beam system (12) that has a movable support,  characterized in that the at least one lower beam system (14) is supported by means of a spherical ball joint 5 (60, 62) in at least one suspension (16), and because the formwork system has at least one beam (20) which is made as a closed hollow profile in the form of a drawer, which extends in a direction substantially transverse to the direction of the cantilever and which has at least one modular section of fixing devices (26). 2. Formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower beam system (14) is a trellis or grid of beams. 3. Formwork system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one suspension (16) is provided with the possibility of height adjustment in the area of the upper beam system (12). 4. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one spherical cap 15 (60) is provided between the lower beam system (14) and the at least one suspension (16). 5. Formwork system according to claim 4, characterized in that in the lower beam system (14) at least one housing (18) is provided in which at least one spherical cap (60) is housed. 6. Formwork system according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one housing (18) is provided on the at least one beam, which runs substantially in the transverse direction to the direction of the overhang. 7. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow profile beam (20) is composed of several sections (22). 8. Formwork system according to claim 7, characterized in that at least two sections (22) differ in terms of their material and / or thickness. 25 9. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one hollow profile beam (20) has at least one wing (24). 10. Formwork system according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one wing (24) extends substantially in the horizontal direction in the position of use. 11. Formwork system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are at least two modular frames of fixing devices (26), with different separations between the different fixing elements (26) and / or different sizes of the devices for fixing (26) of the respective modular frame. 12. Formwork system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one substantially horizontal friction bearing (34), having at least one plastic support piece (28). 35 13. Formwork system according to claim 12, characterized in that the plastic support part (28) is provided in a movable part (30) of the formwork system. 14. Formwork system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the friction bearing (34) also has at least one metal support piece (32), preferably steel. 15. Formwork system according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the friction bearing (34) is self-braking to a slope of about 5%, preferably about 6%, more preferably about 10%. 16. Formwork system according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that at least one support part, preferably the plastic support part (28), is provided interchangeably 17. Formwork system according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that at least one support piece, preferably the plastic support piece (28), is magnetically fixed .18. Formwork system according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized by presenting at least one lower formwork carriage and / or a side formwork as well as a fixed section, and because between an interior formwork carriage and / or a side formwork by one part and the fixed section of the formwork system on the other, at least one friction bearing 50 is provided