ES2653690B2 - USEFUL FOR LEFT OF FERRALLA - Google Patents
USEFUL FOR LEFT OF FERRALLA Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2653690B2 ES2653690B2 ES201730980A ES201730980A ES2653690B2 ES 2653690 B2 ES2653690 B2 ES 2653690B2 ES 201730980 A ES201730980 A ES 201730980A ES 201730980 A ES201730980 A ES 201730980A ES 2653690 B2 ES2653690 B2 ES 2653690B2
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- Prior art keywords
- rebar
- crosspieces
- stringers
- segments
- lifting according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/18—Spacers of metal or substantially of metal
Description
UTIL PARA IZADO DE FERRALLAUSEFUL FOR LEFT OF FERRALLA
DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invention se refiere a un util para izado de ferralla, utilizable en la construction de soportes de hormigon en altura.The present invention relates to a tool for hoisting of rebar, usable in the construction of concrete supports in height.
SECTOR DE LA TECNICATECHNICAL SECTOR
El sector de la tecnica en el que se encuadra la invencion es el sector de la tecnica de la construccion de obra civil.The sector of the technique in which the invention is framed is the sector of civil construction construction technology.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Para la ejecucion de fustes de hormigon en altura (pilas, chimeneas. nucleos centrales,...), es habitual el empleo de encofrados que permitan la ejecucion de la altura total en diferentes fases, de forma que con un mismo encofrado empleado de forma repetitiva se pueda ejecutar !a estructura en diversos tramos o tongadas, limitados tanto por la altura de la ferralla como por la altura de vertido del hormigon de la tongada. Estos encofrados se denominan trepantes precisamente porque las tongadas van subiendo sucesivamente, y cada nueva disposition del encofrado queda por encima -o trepa- sobre la tongada anteriormente realizada.For the execution of concrete shafts in height (piles, chimneys, central cores, ...), it is usual the use of formwork that allows the execution of the total height in different phases, so that with the same formwork employed in a The structure can be repetitively repeated in different sections or sections, limited both by the height of the rebar and by the height of the concrete pouring. These formworks are called climbers precisely because the tires are going up successively, and each new arrangement of the formwork is above - or climbs - above the previously made line.
Para la realization de cada tongada es necesario, ademas de la colocation del encofrado en la altura de la misma, la colocacion de la ferralla y el hormigonado. Dada la altura considerable que pueden alcanzar estos fustes, de decenas de metros, se trata de una labor complicada, que en el montaje del encofrado se simplifica mediante la utilization precisamente de los encofrados trepantes, mientras que el hormigonado se realiza mediante bombas, lo cual igualmente simplifica la labor.For the realization of each layer it is necessary, in addition to the placement of the formwork in the height of the same, the placement of the rebar and the concreting. Given the considerable height that these shafts can reach, of tens of meters, it is a complicated task, which in the assembly of the formwork is simplified by the use of precisely the climbing formwork, while concreting is carried out by means of pumps, which It also simplifies the work.
Sin embargo, para la colocacion de la ferralla es necesario el montaje de la misma in situ para que se mantengan las distancias entre armaduras, resultando una labor peligrosa por la altura a la que se realiza, y por la poca disponibilidad de espacio. However, for the placement of the rebar it is necessary to assemble it in situ so that the distances between the reinforcements are maintained, resulting in a dangerous work due to the height at which it is made, and due to the limited availability of space.
DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El util de elevacion de ferralla de la invention tiene una configuration que permite el izado de un conjunto de ferralla prearmado para la ejecucion de, al menos, una tongada de un fuste (pila, chimenea. nucleo central) de una obra civil manteniendo la geometria de las armaduras (distancias) en dicho conjunto de ferralla, lo que permite armar el conjunto de ferralla previamente en un lugar seguro, por ejemplo a la cota del terreno, y luego elevar el conjunto hasta el emplazamiento definitivo en el fuste.The reinforcing tool of the invention has a configuration that allows the hoisting of a prearmed rebar assembly for the execution of at least one section of a shaft (stack, chimney, central core) of a civil work maintaining the geometry of the reinforcements (distances) in said set of rebar, which allows to assemble the rebar assembly previously in a safe place, for example at the level of the ground, and then raise the assembly to the final location in the shaft.
De acuerdo con la invencion, el util comprende un bastidor que comprende, al menos, dos largueros laterales que se encuentran relacionados mediante distanciadores; comprendiendo dicho bastidor unos anclajes superiores para sujecion a un pulpo de union a la pluma de una grua; comprendiendo unas primeras fijaciones en dichos largueros para la union colgante de unas cadenas o cables de suspension, y encontrandose suspendida de dichas cadenas o cables la ferralla a elevar.According to the invention, the tool comprises a frame comprising at least two side beams that are related by means of spacers; said frame comprising upper anchors for fastening an octopus to the boom of a crane; comprising first fixings in said stringers for the hanging connection of chains or suspension cables, and being found hanging from said chains or cables the rebar to be lifted.
De esta forma los largueros, gracias a la distancia entre los mismos provista por los distanciadores, se configura en una especia de plantilla de anchura ajustable en funcion de la anchura del conjunto ferralla -la cual a su vez depende de las dimensiones de la tongada correspondiente del fuste a construir- de la que los cables o cadenas de suspension de la ferralla cuelgan verticalmente, por lo que pueden izar el conjunto de ferralla tirando verticalmente de varios puntos del mismo, por lo que no se deformara, pudiendo premontarlo en un lugar seguro antes del izado evitando la necesidad del peligroso y lento montado in situ.In this way the spars, thanks to the distance between them provided by the spacers, are configured in a spice of adjustable width template depending on the width of the rebar assembly -which in turn depends on the dimensions of the corresponding tongada of the shaft to be built - from which the ropes or chains of suspension of the ferralla hang vertically, so that they can hoist the rebar assembly pulling vertically from several points of it, so that it is not deformed, being able to pre-assemble it in a safe place before hoisting avoiding the need for dangerous and slow mounted on site.
Ademas se ha encontrado como ventaja adicional o inesperada que esto permite realizar los conjuntos de ferralla sobre plantillas en la zona segura, aumentando la velocidad de ejecucion de la construction en armaduras o fustes repetitivos.It has also been found as an additional or unexpected advantage that this allows to realize the rebar assemblies on templates in the safe zone, increasing the execution speed of the construction in reinforcements or repetitive shafts.
Para la elevacion, se eslingara la ferralla mediante cables o cadenas verticales dispuestas dos, tres o cuatro en las caras anchas de la section (y una o dos en las caras estrechas de la seccion si es necesario), segun su diseno y altura. Dichas cadenas dispondran por ejemplo de una argolla en su parte superior (para enganchar al util) y ganchos en la parte inferior (para enganchar a los ganchos dispuestos en la ferralla), tratandose idealmente de cadenas comerciales para una carga maxima admisible en servicio superior a la carga de trabajo con un coeficiente de seguridad 4 a rotura segun normativa.For the elevation, the rebar will be slinged by vertical cables or chains arranged two, three or four on the wide faces of the section (and one or two on the narrow sides of the section if necessary), according to its design and height. Said chains will have, for example, a ring in its upper part (for hooked to the tool) and hooks on the bottom (to hook to the hooks arranged in the rebar), ideally dealing with commercial chains for a maximum permissible load in service above the work load with a safety factor of 4 to break according to regulations .
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figura 1.-Muestra una vista de la colocacion de un conjunto de ferralla en una pila hueca utilizando el util de la invencion.Figure 1 .- Shows a view of the placement of a set of rebar in a hollow pile using the tool of the invention.
Figura 1A muestra un detalle ampliado de la figura 1 en la zona correspondiente al util de la invencion.Figure 1A shows an enlarged detail of figure 1 in the area corresponding to the tool of the invention.
Figura 2.- Muestran una vista explotada del bastidor del util de la invencion y unos detalles ampliados de la misma.Figure 2.- They show an exploded view of the frame of the tool of the invention and enlarged details thereof.
Figuras 3 a 8.- Muestran diferentes vistas en planta del util de la invencion configurado para varias dimensiones en planta del conjunto de ferralla, que es funcion de las dimensiones en planta de la pila.Figures 3 to 8 .- They show different plan views of the utility of the invention configured for several plan dimensions of the rebar assembly, which is a function of the plan dimensions of the stack.
DESCRIPCION DE UN EJEMPLO DETALLADO DE REALIZACION DE LA INVENCIONDESCRIPTION OF A DETAILED EXAMPLE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
El util (1) para izado de ferralla de la invencion (ver figs 1 y 1A) comprende un bastidor (2) que comprende, al menos, dos largueros (3) laterales que se encuentran relacionados mediante distanciadores; comprendiendo dicho bastidor (2) unos anclajes (4) superiores para sujecion a un pulpo (99) de union a la pluma de una grua; comprendiendo unas primeras fijaciones (6) en dichos largueros (3) para la union colgante vertical de unas cadenas (98) o cables de suspension; encontrandose suspendidos de dichas cadenas (98) o cables dispuestos en las primeras fijaciones (6) el conjunto de ferralla (100) a elevar desde los lados anchos o mayores de su seccion.The tool (1) for reinforcing the reinforcement of the invention (see FIGS. 1 and 1A) comprises a frame (2) comprising at least two side spars (3) that are connected by means of spacers; said frame (2) comprising upper anchors (4) for fastening to an octopus (99) joining to the boom of a crane; comprising first fasteners (6) in said beams (3) for the vertical hanging connection of chains (98) or suspension cables; being found suspended from said chains (98) or cables arranged in the first fixings (6) the rebar assembly (100) to be lifted from the wide or greater sides of its section.
Muy preferentemente, en los largueros (3) se encuentran montados ajustablemente en distancia, al menos, dos traveseros (5) que comprenden unas segundas fijaciones (7) igualmente para la union colgante de cadenas (98) o cables de suspension adicionales para suspension y elevacion de la ferralla (100). Esto proporciona puntos de suspension adicionales para la ferralla (100) en los lados estrechos de la seccion. Dichos traveseros (5) tienen idealmente longitud mayor que la distancia entre los largueros (3), para apoyar en los mismos sin tener que implementar fijaciones adicionales o anclajes adicionales, como se ve en las figuras.Very preferably, at least two crosspieces (5) are mounted on the longitudinal members (3) which are adjustable in distance, comprising second fixings (7) similarly for the hanging connection of chains (98) or cables. additional suspension for suspension and elevation of the rebar (100). This provides additional suspension points for the rebar (100) on the narrow sides of the section. Said crosspieces (5) ideally have longer length than the distance between the side members (3), to support them without having to implement additional fixings or additional anchors, as seen in the figures.
Para conseguir una perfecta colocacion de la ferralla (100), se ha previsto la disposition de unos tubos g tia (97) unidos a algunas de las cadenas (98) o cables de suspension para guiado de la colocacion de la ferralla (100) al bajar la misma sobre la zona de instalacion.To achieve a perfect positioning of the rebar (100), provision has been made for some tubes (97) attached to some of the chains (98) or suspension cables for guiding the placement of the rebar (100) to the lower it on the installation area.
Preferentemente el bastidor (2) comprende un marco formado por dos largueros (3) laterales, comprendiendo los distanciadores, al menos, dos travesanos (8) (ver fig 1A), ya que se trata de una configuration simple y economica. Se ha previsto que idealmente los travesanos (8) comprendan elementos de ajuste de su longitud, lo que permita modificar su longitud en lugar de emplear distanciadores de medidas espedficas para cada obra o seccion de la pila (200) a construir (ver figs 3 a 8). En los ejemplos preferentes mostrados en las figuras, los elementos de ajuste de la longitud de los travesanos (8) comprenden unos segmentos (80, 84) acoplables entre si para formar los travesanos (8) modulablemente en longitud. En la figura 2 se muestra como los travesanos (8) comprenden unos segmentos paralelos extremos (80) que se encuentran unidos perpendicularmente (soldados) por uno de sus extremos a un larguero (3) y que en el extremo opuesto comprenden unas bridas (81) para acoplarse a otros segmentos en continuation para formar el travesano (8) correspondiente. Por ejemplo en la figura 3 se muestra el acoplamiento con otros segmentos paralelos extremos (80) para formar un bastidor (2) de la menor anchura.Preferably the frame (2) comprises a frame formed by two lateral beams (3), the spacers comprising at least two crosspieces (8) (see fig 1A), since it is a simple and economical configuration. It is provided that the crosspieces (8) ideally comprise elements for adjusting their length, which allows their length to be modified instead of using spacers of specific measures for each work or section of the stack (200) to be built (see figs 3 to 8). In the preferred examples shown in the figures, the length adjusting elements of the crosspieces (8) comprise segments (80, 84) engageable with each other to form the crosspieces (8) modulably in length. Figure 2 shows how the crosspieces (8) comprise parallel end segments (80) that are perpendicularly joined (welded) at one end to a stringer (3) and that at the opposite end comprise flanges (81). ) to be coupled to other segments in continuation to form the corresponding crossbar (8). For example, in Figure 3 the coupling with other end parallel segments (80) is shown to form a frame (2) of the smaller width.
Los travesanos (8) adicionalmente pueden comprenden unos segmentos paralelos intermedios (84) provistos en sus dos extremos de bridas (81) para acoplarse a otros segmentos en continuacion para formar el travesano (8) correspondiente de mayor longitud, como se ve en las figs 2 y 4 a 8, formando a la vez un bastidor (2) de mayor anchura entre largueros (3). En cualquiera de los casos previstos en este ejemplo no limitativo, se ha previsto que los segmentos (80, 84) puedan incorporar unas riostras de refuerzo para evitar deformaciones, las cuales en estos casos (ver fig 2) comprenden unas semivigas (82) que los relacionan entre si paralelamente, y que pueden comprender unas cartelas (83) en los acuerdos con los mismos. De esta forma al unirse los segmentos (80, 84) las semivigas (82) quedan en contacto aumentando la resistencia a la deformacion.The cross members (8) can additionally comprise intermediate parallel segments (84) provided at their two ends of flanges (81) to be coupled to other segments in continuation to form the corresponding crossbar (8) of greater length, as seen in figs. 2 and 4 to 8, forming at the same time a frame (2) of greater width between beams (3). In any of the cases provided in this non-limiting example, it has been foreseen that the segments (80, 84) may incorporate reinforcement braces to avoid deformations, which in these cases (see fig 2) comprise half-beams (82) that relate them to one another in parallel, and which may comprise gussets (83) in the agreements with them. In this way, when the segments (80, 84) are joined, the half-beams (82) remain in contact, increasing the resistance to deformation.
Por su parte, los largueros (3) y los traveseros (5) se encuentran idealmente formados por perfiles de seccion en U enfrentados en direction opuesta (con sus alas hacia afuera) y que se encuentran unidos por sus almas (9) mediante pletinas transversales (10) para dejar una separation entre sus almas (9) (ver figura 2 y detalle C de la seccion de uno de los largueros en la misma figura). Esto permite realizar una soldadura facil en la parte mas apropiada de estos perfiles para garantizar la resistencia -sus almas- que ademas son las partes de los mismos que quedan mas proximas.For their part, the stringers (3) and the traverses (5) are ideally formed by U-section profiles facing in the opposite direction (with their wings facing outwards) and which are joined by their webs (9) by means of transversal strips (10) to leave a separation between their souls (9) (see figure 2 and detail C of the section of one of the stringers in the same figure). This allows an easy welding in the most appropriate part of these profiles to guarantee the resistance - their souls - which are also the parts of them that are closer.
Los anclajes (4) superiores para sujecion al pulpo (99) de la grua comprenden idealmente unas placas (40) unidas a las alas superiores (30) de los largueros (3) y que comprenden unos taladros para acoplamiento de unas anillas (93) del pulpo (99), por ejemplo mediante rosca directa o mediante tuerca y arandela contrapuesta. Preferentemente dichas las placas (40) se encuentran soldadas a las alas superiores (30) de los largueros (3) en los puntos de encuentro con los travesanos (8), ya que de este modo se evita la generation de momentos de inercia entre la tension del pulpo (99), que tiende a aproximar los largueros (3), y el empuje contrapuesto de los travesanos (8).The upper anchors (4) for attaching to the octopus (99) of the crane ideally comprise plates (40) attached to the upper wings (30) of the longitudinal members (3) and comprising holes for coupling rings (93) of the octopus (99), for example by direct thread or by means of a nut and opposing washer. Preferably said plates (40) are welded to the upper flanges (30) of the stringers (3) at the meeting points with the crosspieces (8), since in this way the generation of moments of inertia between the tension of the octopus (99), which tends to approximate the stringers (3), and the opposing thrust of the crosspieces (8).
En cuanto a las primeras fijaciones (6), comprenden preferentemente (ver detalle B y C de la fig 2) unos primeros orificios (60) transversales enfrentados dispuestos a intervalos en las almas (9) de los perfiles de seccion en U constitutivos de los largueros (3), para fijacion de unos bulones (15) en los que se fijan unos cancamos de tipo giratorio, no representados, para sujetar una boza o argolla extrema, no representada, de la cadena (98) o cable (los primeros orificios (60) transversales tienen unas chapas (63) de refuerzo). De esta forma queda inmovilizada la position de cada bulon (15) en el interior de sus primeros orificios (60) enfrentados, ademas muy proximos entre si, pudiendo posicionarlo en cualquiera de los mismos para conseguir la verticalidad perfecta de la cadena (98) correspondiente.As for the first fixings (6), they preferably comprise (see detail B and C of fig 2) first confronting transverse holes (60) arranged at intervals in the webs (9) of the U-section profiles constituting the stringers (3), for fixing bolts (15) in which are fixed rotary type bushes, not shown, to hold a boza or end ring, not shown, of the chain (98) or cable (the first holes (60) transverse have reinforcement plates (63)). In this way, the position of each bolt (15) inside its first holes (60) facing each other, in addition very close to each other, can be positioned in any of them to achieve the perfect verticality of the corresponding chain (98). .
Y en cuanto a las segundas fijaciones (7) comprenden idealmente (ver detalle A de fig 2) unas prolongaciones inferiores (11) salientes de los traveseros (5) (por ejemplo de las pletinas transversales (10) que se encuentran uniendo las almas (9) de los perfiles de seccion en U constitutivos de mismos), provistas de segundos orificios (70) transversales enfrentados para fijacion de unos bulones (15) en los que se fijan unos cancamos de tipo giratorio para sujetar una boza o argolla extrema de la cadena (98) o cable. Las prolongaciones inferiores (11) de las pletinas transversales (10) dispuestas hacia sus laterales se encuentran preferentemente distanciadas a una distancia ligeramente superior a la anchura de los largueros (3) para configurar unos peines de encaje con los mismos.And as for the second fixings (7) they ideally comprise (see detail A of fig 2) lower projections (11) protruding from the crosspieces (5) (for example from the transverse strips (10) that are joining the webs (9) of the U-section profiles constituting them), provided with seconds transversely facing holes (70) for fastening bolts (15) in which are fixed rotary type housings for fastening an end ring or ring of the chain (98) or cable. The lower extensions (11) of the transverse strips (10) arranged towards their sides are preferably spaced a distance slightly greater than the width of the stringers (3) to form combs with them.
Por ejemplo, se pueden disponer bulones (15) de diametro 40 mm, mientras que los cancamos de tipo giratorio (que permitan la alineacion de tiro en cualquier posicion) serian por ejemplo del tipo VRS-F M36 con una capacidad nominal de tiro en vertical de 7000 Kgs por cada cancamo. For example, bolts (15) with a diameter of 40 mm can be provided, while the revolving type housings (which allow the alignment of draft in any position) would be for example of the VRS-F M36 type with a nominal vertical shooting capacity. of 7000 Kgs for each canopy.
Claims (13)
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ES201730980A ES2653690B2 (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2017-07-26 | USEFUL FOR LEFT OF FERRALLA |
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ES201730980A ES2653690B2 (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2017-07-26 | USEFUL FOR LEFT OF FERRALLA |
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JPH0786272B2 (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1995-09-20 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | FRP made stirrup muscle arrangement method |
JPH0579188A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-03-30 | Penta Ocean Constr Co Ltd | Centralized controlling method for suspension of previously built-up beam reinforcement |
JPH102010A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1998-01-06 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Construction method of reinforced concrete column |
JP5584744B2 (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-09-03 | 株式会社 Cup商会 | Lifting device, rebar top edge positioning jig, rebar lifting method, and rebar erection method |
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