DE102007047438B4 - Formwork arrangement for the cantilever construction of bridges - Google Patents

Abstract

A formwork configuration (10) for the cantilever construction of bridges has at least one lower girder configuration (14), which is suspended on an upper girder configuration (12) and is supported on at least one suspension (16) via a ball joint.

Description

technical field

The invention relates to a formwork arrangement for the cantilever construction of bridges.

When cantilevering bridges made of concrete, the formwork between which the necessary reinforcements are placed and the concrete that forms the next section is poured in must be supported by the section of the bridge that has already been constructed and is sufficiently hardened. For this purpose, girders or rails in which an upper girder arrangement is movably mounted are essentially attached to the end of the bridge section that has already been constructed. The upper girder arrangement can project in the cantilever direction and/or over the lateral edge of the bridge section that has already been constructed. Formwork for the upper portion of the bridge may be attached to portions of the upper truss assembly. Furthermore, a lower girder arrangement can be suspended from the upper girder arrangement, which is provided for optionally displaceable mounting of further formwork for lower areas of the bridge and/or inner formwork in the case of a hollow box profile of the bridge. All movable elements are usually mounted by means of rollers. After a new structure section has been created, the formwork assembly can be advanced to set up the reinforcement for the next section. In this context, the rails or beams on which the formwork arrangement is mounted can be extended to the last constructed section of the building.

State of the art

A formwork arrangement for the cantilever construction of bridges, in which roller bearings are provided and a formwork is movable independently of an outer formwork is from WO 83/04274 known.

the DE 28 48 536 A1 relates to a similar arrangement in which slide bearings can be provided. More formwork arrangements from this area go from the EP 0 004 251 A1 , DE 26 60 087 B1 and U.S. 3,989,218 out.

the EP 1 457 601 A1 relates to a device and a method for producing a reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete structure in sections, in which several tension and/or compression struts of a formwork device are connected to a preceding section of the structure. A ball-and-socket end suspension can be formed here.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the invention is to create a formwork arrangement for the cantilever construction, in particular of bridges, which is improved with regard to the versatility of the usability and/or the production costs for the formwork arrangement.

This problem is solved by the formwork arrangement described in claim 1 .

Accordingly, at least one lower support assembly is suspended from an upper support assembly and supported by at least one ball joint. As a result, the lower girder arrangement can be inclined to a certain extent with respect to the upper girder arrangement, which enables the realization of a particularly large bandwidth of bridge cross sections. In addition, the power can be transmitted by means of the ball joint without bending moments. As a result, all the components involved, in particular the suspensions, can be designed with less material and therefore more cost-effectively, which leads to economic advantages. The bearing could also be cardanic, in particular with a cross piece to which two fork pieces are connected, which pivot about axes in the same plane.

The versatile usability is further improved in that at least one suspension of the lower support arrangement is provided in a height-adjustable manner. The height adjustment can preferably take place steplessly and can advantageously be provided in the area of the upper carrier arrangement, and can therefore be accessed particularly easily and without danger. As a result, the position of individual suspensions can be adjusted individually, so that the positional relationship between the lower and upper carrier arrangement can be changed in a particularly flexible manner. This further increases the adaptability of the formwork arrangement according to the invention to different geometries of the structures to be constructed, in particular bridges, and advantageously increases the range of uses.

With regard to the ball joint, the use of at least one spherical cap is provided.

Preferred developments of the formwork arrangement according to the invention are described in the further claims.

Both for the stability of the lower girder arrangement and the possibility of attaching other components, such as the actual formwork, it is currently preferred to provide the lower girder arrangement as a girder grid or grid.

In order to protect the ball joint, in particular the calotte, the use of at least one housing on the lower support arrangement is also provided, in which the ball joint, in particular the calotte, is accommodated.

For the position of such a housing, it is currently preferred to provide it on a carrier that runs largely transversely to the direction of the cantilever. Fastening devices on a hollow profile carrier, as described below, in particular those on the lateral flanges, can advantageously be used for fastening the housing. Longitudinal supports of the support arrangement can also be fastened between two housings.

At least one carrier of the formwork arrangement according to the invention is preferably provided as a closed, box-like hollow profile. With such a design, significantly lower tolerances can be achieved than is the case with the rolled sections used hitherto. The carrier described can be designed, for example, as a welded construction and be composed of different sections. In this way, the materials and wall thicknesses of the individual sections can advantageously be matched to the requirements that are placed on the respective section. The same applies to machinability. In particular, initial tests have shown that the construction according to the invention allows a higher load-bearing capacity in terms of bending and/or torsion to be achieved compared to the profiles of the same weight that have been used up to now. Accordingly, with a given load capacity, weight and material can be saved, which both makes the respective carrier more economical to produce and, in view of the considerable total weight of the formwork arrangement as a whole, enables savings in other load-bearing parts in a positive way. Furthermore, standard components introduced by the design of a carrier as a hollow box profile, which are known, for example, as rental parts, can be used.

As mentioned, it has proven to be advantageous to assemble the hollow-profile support from a number of sections in order to be able to adapt individual sections to the respective requirements in a particularly efficient manner.

This is reflected, for example, in that preferred development in which at least two sections of the hollow profile support differ in terms of their material and/or their thickness.

Although the use of hollow-profile girders is intended at numerous points in the formwork arrangement and leads to the advantages described, it is currently preferred to use at least one hollow-profile girder in such a way that it extends largely perpendicularly to the cantilever construction direction, in other words transversely thereto and largely horizontally . In the case of carriers with this orientation, the advantages according to the invention could be realized particularly extensively.

With regard to the compatibility with other components of the formwork arrangement, it has also proven to be advantageous if the hollow profile carrier has at least one flange. Furthermore, one or more flanges of this type can be implemented particularly easily, particularly in the case of a welded construction, and allow the use of particularly simple welding processes in the form of butt welding.

With regard to the connection of further components to the hollow profile carrier according to the invention, it is also preferred at present that at least one flange extends largely horizontally in a position of use.

From the same point of view, in the case of the formwork arrangement according to the invention, at least one hollow profile carrier has at least one grid of fastening devices, for example fastening openings. These can be provided, for example, on one or more flanges and/or on one or more sections which (seen in cross section) form the closed part of the hollow profile. By means of one or more such grids of fastening devices, the connection of further components is possible at numerous different points. As a result, the formwork arrangement according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways and can be adapted to a wide variety of bridge geometries. Furthermore, the extensive connection possibilities of components surrounding the hollow profile carrier according to the invention make it possible to carry out asymmetrical constructions, to connect a bridge or other cantilever construction to existing structures and to drive past obstacles during cantilever construction. The numerous fastening devices provided in a grid also enable great flexibility with regard to the static design of the formwork arrangement itself, even up to an asymmetrical introduction of force. The grid of fastening devices described allows the use of numerous standard components and their attachment to numerous different locations. In this way, in particular, end regions of the hollow profile carrier according to the invention can remain unused and out of the formwork arrangement stick out. Because of the weight savings mentioned above, this does not result in any significant disadvantages. With regard to the feature discussed above, namely at least one grid of fastening devices on a support of a formwork arrangement for cantilever construction, in particular of bridges, it should be mentioned that this aspect, including any special configurations described below or previously, represents an innovation that fundamentally depends on the design at least one carrier is independent as a closed, box-like hollow profile. In other words, a formwork arrangement for the cantilever construction, in particular of bridges, with at least one carrier that has at least one grid of fastening devices, is to be regarded as the subject of the application, which can be advantageously combined with all the features mentioned above and below.

For the grids of fastening devices, it has proven to be advantageous to provide at least two of these, which differ in terms of the distances between individual fastening devices and/or the sizes of the fastening devices of the respective grid. In other words, a grid of fastening devices with a first spacing and/or a first size of fastening devices can be provided on a first section of the hollow profile support according to the invention, and there is a second or further grid on one or more other sections of the hollow profile support of fasteners having a second, different distance between the fasteners and/or a second, different size of fasteners. In this way, the possibility can advantageously be created in different areas of the hollow profile carrier of attaching different components and/or components with a different grid.

Furthermore, in the case of the formwork arrangement according to the invention, it is currently preferred to provide at least one slide bearing between a movable and a fixed part of the formwork arrangement, which has at least one plastic bearing part. The use of plain bearings offers the following advantages over the roller bearings used up to now. In the case of roller bearings, there is already a risk, even with small bridge radii, that the rollers will fall out of the rails provided for them or “onto” the carrier sections that support them and, for example, hit/ride on flanges or the like. Taking into account the considerable weight of such formwork arrangements, which can weigh, for example, several tens of tons. There is a considerable safety problem to the effect that the formwork arrangement falls back into the “bearing rail” actually provided after a roller bearing has been pushed open in this way. Furthermore, roller bearings are problematic in buildings with gradients, because oscillating cylinders are usually provided for advancing the formwork arrangement, which in a first operating state are supported on a carrier or a rail that is fastened to a section of the building that has already been constructed, and move the formwork arrangement forward. In a second mode of operation, the form assembly is left in place and the cylinders are retracted so that the outriggers are trailed. In this situation, the formwork arrangement, which usually weighs several tons, is unsecured and can move forward on a slope due to the roller bearings described, which poses a significant safety risk.

Due to the plastic bearing part according to the invention, there is a significantly lower risk that the bearing will move out of its rail or from the carrier provided for the bearing. Furthermore, a plastic bearing part has proven to be advantageous in that it can be designed to be self-locking up to a certain gradient. Accordingly, even in the case of buildings with a gradient, the formwork arrangement can remain securely in place and the support, as described, can be tightened. In other words, the bearing forces can be calculated and can be taken into account for a defined behavior of the entire formwork arrangement, even during the second operating state described above. Finally, the plastic sliding bearing according to the invention offers an improved, namely areal, application of force compared to roller bearings.

It is currently preferred for the plastic bearing part to be provided on a movable part of the formwork arrangement.

It must be taken into account here that the immovable part of the formwork arrangement, for example one or more rails or beams, can have a considerable longitudinal extent in order to ensure a certain range of movement for the formwork arrangement. If plastic bearing parts were to be provided on it, these would also have to extend over a considerable area. In this respect, it is currently preferred for reasons of efficiency to provide the plastic bearing parts on the comparatively short movable part of the formwork arrangement or only on individual sections thereof.

For the pairing of materials in the context of the plain bearing of the formwork arrangement according to the invention has as a further bearing part that with interacts with the plastic bearing part, a bearing part made of metal, preferably steel, has proven to be favorable. Such a pairing of materials makes it possible to realize particularly easily calculable, for example self-locking, bearing properties.

In practice, it is currently preferred that the slide bearing be self-locking up to a gradient of about 5%, preferably about 6% and more preferably up to 10%. As a result, a wide range of applications can be covered with a particularly secure procedure.

Taking into account the effort that results from wear of the bearing parts, it also proves to be advantageous to provide at least one bearing part, preferably the plastic bearing part, in an exchangeable manner.

The plastic bearing part can be attached magnetically in a particularly simple and efficient manner.

Furthermore, the plastic bearing part can advantageously be provided as part of a sliding bearing between any movable components or sections of a formwork arrangement for cantilever construction, in particular bridges. In initial tests, however, particularly good experiences were made when such a sliding bearing was provided between an inner formwork carriage and/or a side formwork on the one hand and a fixed section of the formwork arrangement on the other.

character list

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsanordnung;
• 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hohlprofil-Trägers in der Schalungsanordnung von 1;
• 3 eine perspektivische Unteransicht eines Gleitlagers in der Schalungsanordnung von 1; und
• 4 eine perspektivische, teilweise geschnittene Ansicht eines Details aus 1.

Show it:

• 1 a perspective view of a formwork arrangement according to the invention;
• 2 a perspective view of a hollow profile carrier in the formwork arrangement of 1 ;
• 3 a perspective bottom view of a slide bearing in the formwork arrangement of 1 ; and
• 4 a perspective, partially sectioned view of a detail 1 .

Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention

As in 1 As can be seen, the formwork arrangement 10 according to the invention, which can have an extension of a few meters, for example five meters, in the cantilever direction, is supported on an already constructed section 30 of a bridge. The bridge section 30 that has already been created can project freely, and the formwork arrangement 10 can be provided for creating a further, again projecting section. To support the formwork arrangement 10 , four girders 32 are attached to the already created bridge section 30 in the case shown, which essentially serve to mount and support the formwork arrangement 10 . The beams 32 essentially act as rails on which the formwork assembly 10 is slidably mounted, as will be described in more detail below. In 1 a state is shown in which the formwork arrangement 10, any formwork of which is not shown, has been advanced out of the last-made section and is in the situation shown immediately in front of the last-made section.

In the case shown, the formwork arrangement 10 is supported on the girders 32 by plain bearings 34 which essentially interact with the upper surfaces of the girders 32 . Forward movement is accomplished in the case shown by two hydraulic cylinders 36 which oscillate and alternately, resting on supports 38, advance the formwork assembly 10 or, while the formwork assembly 10 remains stationary, pull the supports 38 behind. In addition to the plain bearings 34 described, abutments 40 are provided which, for example, can reach under protruding flanges of the carrier 32 in order to support the weight of the cantilevered formwork arrangement. Furthermore, anchor rods can be provided for this purpose.

Generally speaking, the formwork assembly includes an upper girder assembly 12 comprised of cross 20 and longitudinal 42 girders. A lower support arrangement 14 , which also has transverse 20 and longitudinal supports 42 , is suspended from the upper support arrangement 12 via a plurality of rods 16 . Standardized platforms can be attached to the upper 12 and/or the lower carrier arrangement 14, among other things because of the options described below for attaching standard components. In the example shown, all crossbeams 20 are designed as hollow profile beams, as described below with reference to FIG 2 explained in more detail. In 1 It can also be seen that between the supports 20, in particular in the case of the upper support arrangement 12, the support arrangement can be stabilized by additional, for example diagonally aligned struts 44. Furthermore, diagonally downwardly extending beams 46 can be provided in order to truss-like the upper formwork arrangement 12 to train sections. It also follows from this that the upper girder arrangement, primarily in the form of the cross girders 20, is spaced vertically from the surface of the bridge section 30, so that the space located under the upper girder arrangement is advantageously used for the necessary work, for example the introduction of Reinforcements, is kept free. The space available for this is further increased by the fact that the diagonal struts 44 mentioned are arranged in comparatively outer areas, so that the inner area lying in between can be used in a favorable manner for the delivery of reinforcement and the like. In the example shown, the lower support arrangement 14 is suspended by a plurality of rods 16, on which the lower support arrangement 14 is mounted in a special manner which will be described in more detail below.

With reference to 2 is first the structure of the respective cross member 20 of the formwork arrangement of 1 described in more detail. As in 2 can be seen, the respective carrier 20, viewed in cross section, has as at the front end ( 2 ) recognizable, a closed, box-like cross-section. In the example shown, this is formed by different sections, in the case shown by two sections 22.1 oriented largely horizontally and two web sections 22.2 oriented largely vertically in the illustration. Due to the fact that the horizontal sections 22.1 have a greater width than the web sections 22.2 are spaced apart from one another, projecting flanges 24 are formed on the lateral edges of the carrier 20 2 It can be seen schematically that the horizontal sections 22.1 are somewhat thicker than the web sections 22.2. This expresses the fact that these sections can be provided with different thicknesses and/or made of different materials, in accordance with the different requirements placed on them. In the upper right area of the 2 , i.e. in (according to 2 ) An end plate 48 can be seen in the rear area of the carrier 20, which end plate 48 protrudes in all directions over the sections 22 of the carrier 20 in the example shown. It should be mentioned that the carrier 20 also at its other end, ie according to the front end 2 may have such an end plate 48, which for reasons of showing the inner workings of the carrier 20 in 2 is omitted. Numerous attachment devices in the form of attachment openings 50 can be seen on the end plate 48, by means of which the attachment of surrounding components is possible.

This applies in a similar manner to the grid of fastening devices in the form of openings 26 which extend essentially over the entire length of the carrier 20 and in the longitudinal direction thereof. In the case shown, a comparatively narrow grid of fastening devices in the form of openings 26.1 is provided on all laterally projecting flanges 24 of the carrier 20. The individual openings in this grid can be spaced about 10 cm apart, for example, and can be used to fasten “truss components” such as the diagonal supports 44 and/or the diagonal girders 46 . In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fastening devices 26.2 of a second grid, which is located in the area of the closed, box-like area (seen in cross section), have a larger spacing and a larger diameter of the openings. The distance can be 20 cm, for example, and can lead to the passage of rods 16 (cf. 1 ) serve for the suspension of the lower support assembly 14. As 2 shows, the profile of the carrier 20 can be described as an I-profile with a double central web, so that in the area of the central web (seen in cross section) a closed hollow profile is produced. The horizontal sections 22.1 and the web sections 22.2 of the carrier 20 and the end plates 48 can be welded to one another, for example. For example, the in 2 carrier shown have a height dimension (in the direction of the web sections 22.2) of about 40 cm.

In 3 a drive unit is shown which essentially has a slide bearing 34 , a hydraulic cylinder 36 and a support 38 . The operation of the drive unit was previously with reference to the 1 explained. Out of 3 It can also be seen that the plain bearing 34 in the exemplary embodiment shown has two runners 52 which are provided so as to be displaceable on the upper sides of the supports 32 attached to the completed bridge section 30 . The runners 52 have lateral borders 54 largely in the form of plates and plastic bearing parts 28 . The plastic bearing parts 28 can be matched to the other bearing part, in the case shown the carrier 32, in such a way that the bearing is self-locking up to a certain gradient. Furthermore, the plastic bearing parts can be replaceable and/or magnetically attached to the skids 52 . at the in 3 Also provided in the drive unit shown is an axis 56 which extends largely in the longitudinal direction, ie in the cantilever direction, on which the upper carrier arrangement can be mounted so as to be rotatable about a largely horizontal axis.

4 shows a detail of the in an overall view in 1 articulated suspension of the lower support arrangement 14 on the upper support arrangement 12 (cf. 1 ). From the lower support assembly is in 4 a longitudinal beam 42 and an adjoining housing 18 can be seen. As explained above, the housing is attached to a cross member 20 . The articulated suspension takes place in detail on a rod 16, at the lower end of which, which can have a thread for this purpose, a spherical cap 60 is attached, for example by means of a nut 58. The spherical cap 60 has a spherical surface and, in the exemplary embodiment shown, interacts with a counterpart 62 cut out in the manner of a ring and having a spherical inner surface 64 . It can be seen that the section of the counterpart 62 is larger than the diameter of the rod 16, so that an inclination of the lower support arrangement on which the in 4 shown housing 18 is attached to all axes is possible. As mentioned above, this allows the support arrangement to be adapted in a particularly flexible manner to inclined bridge geometries and other special applications.

Claims (19)

Formwork arrangement (10) for the cantilever construction of bridges with at least one lower girder arrangement (14) which is suspended on a movably mounted upper girder arrangement (12) and on at least one suspension (16) via a ball joint (60, 62) on the lower girder arrangement ( 14), at least one suspension (16) being height-adjustable in the region of the upper support arrangement (12), and at least one cap (60) being provided between the lower support arrangement (14) and at least one suspension (16). formwork arrangement claim 1 , characterized in that the lower support arrangement (14) is a support grid or grid. Formwork arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one housing (18) is provided on the lower support arrangement (14), in which at least one cap (60) is accommodated. Formwork arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one housing (18) is provided on a support (20) which runs largely transversely to the cantilever construction direction. Formwork arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, having at least one carrier (20) which is designed as a closed, box-like hollow profile. formwork arrangement claim 5 , characterized in that the hollow profile carrier (20) is composed of several sections (22). formwork arrangement claim 6 , characterized in that at least two sections (22) differ in terms of their material and / or their thickness. Formwork arrangement according to one of Claims 5 until 7 , characterized in that at least one hollow profile carrier (20) extends largely perpendicular to the cantilever direction. Formwork arrangement according to one of Claims 5 until 8th , characterized in that at least one hollow profile carrier (20) has at least one flange (24). formwork arrangement claim 9 , characterized in that at least one flange (24) extends substantially horizontally in a position of use. Formwork arrangement according to one of Claims 5 until 10 , characterized in that at least one hollow profile carrier (20) has at least one grid of fastening devices (26). formwork arrangement claim 11 , characterized in that at least two grids of fastening devices (26) are formed with different distances between individual fastening devices (26) and/or different sizes of the fastening devices (26) of the respective grid. Formwork arrangement (10) according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one largely horizontal sliding bearing (34) which has at least one bearing part (28) made of plastic. formwork arrangement Claim 13 , characterized in that the plastic bearing part (28) is provided on a movable part (30) of the formwork arrangement. formwork arrangement Claim 13 or 14 , characterized in that the plain bearing (34) further comprises at least one bearing part (32) made of metal, preferably steel. Formwork arrangement according to one of Claims 13 until 15 , characterized in that the plain bearing (34) is self-locking up to a gradient of about 5%, preferably about 6%, more preferably about 10%. Formwork arrangement according to one of Claims 13 until 16 , characterized , that at least one bearing part, preferably the plastic bearing part (28), is provided to be exchangeable. Formwork arrangement according to one of Claims 13 until 17 , characterized in that at least one bearing part, preferably the plastic bearing part (28), is attached magnetically. Formwork arrangement according to one of Claims 13 until 18 , characterized in that at least one sliding bearing is provided between an inner formwork carriage and/or a side formwork on the one hand and a stationary section of the formwork arrangement on the other hand.

Images