ES2120412T3 - Catalizadores de oxido de alquileno que tienen actividad y/o estabilidad mejoradas. - Google Patents
Catalizadores de oxido de alquileno que tienen actividad y/o estabilidad mejoradas.Info
- Publication number
- ES2120412T3 ES2120412T3 ES91202653T ES91202653T ES2120412T3 ES 2120412 T3 ES2120412 T3 ES 2120412T3 ES 91202653 T ES91202653 T ES 91202653T ES 91202653 T ES91202653 T ES 91202653T ES 2120412 T3 ES2120412 T3 ES 2120412T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- alkylene oxide
- stability
- improved activity
- oxide catalysts
- catalysts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8913—Cobalt and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/06—Washing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
CATALIZADORES PARA LA PRODUCCION DE OXIDO DE ALQUILENO MEDIANTE LA EPOXIDACION DE ALQUILENO CON OXIGENO QUE COMPRENDEN UN SOPORTE CONTENIENDO PLATA, Y UNA CANTIDAD SUFICIENTE DE UN COMPONENTE DE COBALTO PARA REALZAR POR LO MENOS UNA ACTIVIDAD Y/O EFICACIA Y/O ESTABILIDAD COMPARADO CON UN CATALIZADOR SIMILAR QUE NO CONTIENE UN COMPONENTE DE COBALTO.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US59624190A | 1990-10-12 | 1990-10-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2120412T3 true ES2120412T3 (es) | 1998-11-01 |
Family
ID=27535840
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES91202653T Expired - Lifetime ES2120412T3 (es) | 1990-10-12 | 1991-10-11 | Catalizadores de oxido de alquileno que tienen actividad y/o estabilidad mejoradas. |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6511938B1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0480538B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP2720124B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR0147853B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE170425T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU656537B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2053411C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69130098T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0480538T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2120412T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (96)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5861519A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1999-01-19 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Propylene oxide process using alkaline earth metal compound-supported silver catalysts containing tungsten and potassium promoters |
| AU754631B2 (en) * | 1998-11-17 | 2002-11-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Carrier for catalyst for use in production of ethylene oxide, catalyst for use in production of ethylene oxide, and method for production of ethylene oxide |
| CA2467574C (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2012-09-11 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process and systems for the epoxidation of an ethylene with oxygen comprising a two phase temperature profile |
| US7193094B2 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2007-03-20 | Shell Oil Company | Process and systems for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| AU2003217756B2 (en) * | 2002-02-25 | 2008-11-20 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Supported silver catalyst and an epoxidation process using the catalyst |
| US6831037B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2004-12-14 | Saint-Gobain Norpro Corporation | Catalyst carriers |
| KR100980123B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-28 | 2010-09-03 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 촉매 선택성을 향상시키는 방법 및 올레핀 에폭시화 방법 |
| AU2003247652A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A method for the start-up of an epoxidation process and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| TWI346574B (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2011-08-11 | Shell Int Research | A catalyst composition, a process for preparing the catalyst composition and a use of the catalyst composition |
| JP2006522138A (ja) | 2003-04-01 | 2006-09-28 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | オレフィンのエポキシ化方法とその方法において使用される触媒 |
| US7348444B2 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2008-03-25 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the production of an olefin oxide |
| RU2342993C2 (ru) * | 2003-05-07 | 2009-01-10 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Катализаторы, содержащие серебро, получение таких катализаторов и их применение |
| US20040224841A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Marek Matusz | Silver-containing catalysts, the manufacture of such silver-containing catalysts, and the use thereof |
| US20040225138A1 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-11 | Mcallister Paul Michael | Reactor system and process for the manufacture of ethylene oxide |
| US8148555B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2012-04-03 | Shell Oil Company | Method for improving the selectivity of a catalyst and a process for the epoxidation of an olefin |
| CA2540563C (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2013-01-08 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | A process for the production of alkylene oxide using a gas-phase promoter system |
| CN101757914A (zh) * | 2003-10-16 | 2010-06-30 | 陶氏技术投资有限责任公司 | 用于烯化氧制备的具有提高稳定性、效率和/或活性的催化剂 |
| BRPI0506968A (pt) * | 2004-01-20 | 2007-07-03 | Shell Int Research | método de restaurar a atividade catalìtica de um catalisador de hidrotratamento esgotado, o catalisador restaurado resultante, e um método de hidroprocessamento |
| TW200602123A (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-01-16 | Shell Int Research | Process for preparing a catalyst, the catalyst, and a use of the catalyst |
| TW200613056A (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-05-01 | Shell Int Research | A process for preparing a silver catalyst, the catalyst, and a use of the catalyst for olefin oxidation |
| TW200600190A (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2006-01-01 | Shell Int Research | Process for preparing a silver catalyst, the catalyst, and use thereof in olefin oxidation |
| WO2006020709A1 (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2006-02-23 | Velocys Inc. | Process for converting ethylene to ethylene oxide using microchannel process technology |
| MX2007002386A (es) * | 2004-09-01 | 2007-04-23 | Shell Int Research | Proceso para epoxidacion de olefinas, catalizador para uso en el proceso, soporte para uso en la preparacion del catalizador, y proceso para preparar el soporte. |
| MX2007003418A (es) * | 2004-09-24 | 2007-05-07 | Shell Int Research | Proceso para seleccionar particulas moldeadas, proceso para instalar un sistema, proceso para hacer reaccionar una alimentacion gaseosa de este sistema, producto de programa de computo y sistema de computo. |
| KR101369619B1 (ko) | 2005-06-07 | 2014-03-05 | 셀 인터나쵸나아레 레사아치 마아츠샤피 비이부이 | 산화올레핀, 1,2-디올, 1,2-디올 에테르 또는 알칸올아민의제조방법, 이를 위한 촉매, 이 촉매의 제조방법 |
| BRPI0611817A2 (pt) | 2005-06-07 | 2011-12-20 | Saint Gobain Ceramics | veìculo catalisador e um processo para preparação do veìculo catalisador |
| TW200738332A (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-10-16 | Shell Int Research | A process for treating a catalyst, the catalyst, and use of the catalyst |
| TWI466718B (zh) * | 2006-04-18 | 2015-01-01 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | 環氧烷催化劑及其用途 |
| EP2059790B1 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2013-01-16 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Method for control and optimization of a process for making ethylene oxide |
| US7932408B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2011-04-26 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Catalyst with bimodal pore size distribution and the use thereof |
| JP4267015B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-29 | 2009-05-27 | 株式会社日本触媒 | エチレンオキシド製造用触媒およびエチレンオキシドの製造方法 |
| US7977274B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2011-07-12 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Catalyst with bimodal pore size distribution and the use thereof |
| EP2089155B1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2020-04-01 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Methods for the preparation of shaped porous bodies of alpha-alumina |
| CN101547995A (zh) * | 2006-11-21 | 2009-09-30 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | 用于从烃原料移除汞的方法 |
| TWI446964B (zh) | 2007-05-09 | 2014-08-01 | Shell Int Research | 環氧化催化劑,製備該催化劑之方法及製備烯烴氧化物、1,2-二醇、1,2-二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺之方法 |
| BRPI0811311A2 (pt) * | 2007-05-09 | 2015-01-27 | Shell Internationale Res Maaschappij B V | Catalisador de epoxidação, um processo para a preparação do catalisador, e um processo para a produção de um óxido de olefina, um 1,2-diol, um éter 1,2-diol, um 1,2-carbonato, ou uma alcanolamina. |
| US7803957B2 (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2010-09-28 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Ethylene oxide production using fixed moderator concentration |
| DE102008014910A1 (de) * | 2008-03-19 | 2009-09-24 | Basf Se | Verwendung eines geträgerten edelmetallhaltigen Katalysators zur oxidativen Dehydrierung |
| JP5165441B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2013-03-21 | 株式会社日本触媒 | エチレンオキシド製造用触媒および該触媒を用いたエチレンオキシドの製造方法 |
| PL2297125T3 (pl) * | 2008-05-07 | 2013-12-31 | Shell Int Research | Sposób wytwarzania tlenku olefiny, 1,2-diolu, eteru 1,2-diolu, 1,2-węglanu albo alkanoloaminy |
| CA2723517C (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2017-03-07 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for the start-up of an epoxidation process, a process for the production of ethylene oxide, a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine |
| CN102112424A (zh) * | 2008-08-05 | 2011-06-29 | 陶氏技术投资有限公司 | 用于制备烷撑二醇的两级气相方法 |
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| CN102421724A (zh) | 2009-04-29 | 2012-04-18 | 陶氏技术投资有限公司 | 多孔体前体,成形多孔体,用于制造它们的方法及基于其的最终用途产品 |
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| SG11201403042SA (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2014-10-30 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Method of maintaining the value of an alkylene oxide production parameter in a process of making an alkylene oxide using a high efficiency catalyst |
| CN104125858B (zh) | 2011-12-19 | 2017-07-11 | 陶氏技术投资有限责任公司 | 根据催化剂参考性质配制环氧烷催化剂的方法 |
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| CN104540639B (zh) | 2012-05-23 | 2019-01-29 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | 成形磨粒及其形成方法 |
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| JP7107934B2 (ja) | 2016-12-02 | 2022-07-27 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | エチレンエポキシ化触媒のコンディショニング方法およびエチレンオキシドの生成の関連方法 |
| US10563105B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2020-02-18 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive article including shaped abrasive particles |
| US10865148B2 (en) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-12-15 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Particulate materials and methods of forming same |
| WO2019020793A1 (en) | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Basf Se | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MOLDED CATALYST BODY COMPRISING SILVER APPLIED TO AN ALUMINUM CARRIER |
| EP3731963A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-11-04 | Dow Technology Investments LLC | Process for preparing an epoxidation catalyst |
| TWI808125B (zh) | 2018-02-07 | 2023-07-11 | 德商巴斯夫歐洲公司 | 有效地將乙烯氧化轉化為環氧乙烷之催化劑 |
| WO2019245859A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-26 | The J. David Gladstone Institutes | Generation of a population of hindbrain cells and hindbrain-like organoids from pluripotent stem cells |
| US11772082B1 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2023-10-03 | Avn Corporation | Catalyst supports—composition and process of manufacture |
| WO2021038027A1 (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-04 | Basf Se | Process for preparing an epoxidation catalyst |
| CN119238386A (zh) | 2019-12-27 | 2025-01-03 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | 磨料制品及其形成方法 |
| US12129422B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-10-29 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Abrasive articles and methods of forming same |
| EP4081370A4 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2024-04-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics Inc. | ABRASIVE ARTICLES AND THEIR FORMATION PROCESSES |
| JP2025500060A (ja) | 2021-12-30 | 2025-01-07 | サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ,インコーポレイティド | 研磨物品及びそれを形成する方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2040782A (en) | 1936-05-12 | Manufacture of olefine oxides | ||
| US2279469A (en) * | 1942-04-14 | Process of making olefin oxides | ||
| US2605239A (en) | 1952-07-29 | Coprecipitated silver-beryllium | ||
| US2615899A (en) * | 1949-06-23 | 1952-10-28 | Du Pont | Catalyst and process for ethylene oxide manufacture |
| US2615900A (en) | 1949-06-23 | 1952-10-28 | Du Pont | Process and catalyst for producing ethylene oxide |
| US3844981A (en) | 1969-12-23 | 1974-10-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method for preparation of olefin oxidation catalyst |
| US3758418A (en) | 1971-03-22 | 1973-09-11 | Shell Oil Co | Process for preparing a supported catalyst |
| JPS516993B2 (es) * | 1971-10-07 | 1976-03-03 | ||
| JPS5741471B2 (es) * | 1973-01-22 | 1982-09-03 | ||
| JPS5741470B2 (es) * | 1973-01-22 | 1982-09-03 | ||
| GB1491447A (en) | 1973-12-05 | 1977-11-09 | Ici Ltd | Alkylene oxide production and catalysts therefor |
| JPS5929293B2 (ja) | 1977-07-01 | 1984-07-19 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 酸化エチレン製造用銀担持触媒の製造方法 |
| US4774222A (en) * | 1982-06-16 | 1988-09-27 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Catalyst for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide and process for preparing the catalyst |
| FR2597098B1 (fr) | 1986-04-11 | 1989-01-13 | Atochem | Catalyseurs a base d'argent pour la fabrication d'oxyde d'ethylene |
| US4908343A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1990-03-13 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Catalyst composition for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| US4845253A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-07-04 | The Dow Chemical Company | Silver-based catalyst for vapor phase oxidation of olefins to epoxides |
| US4897376A (en) | 1988-06-27 | 1990-01-30 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Process for preparing a catalyst for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| CA1337722C (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1995-12-12 | Madan Mohan Bhasin | Alkylene oxide catalysts having enhanced activity and/or stability |
| US5112795A (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1992-05-12 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Supported silver catalyst, and processes for making and using same |
| US5407888A (en) | 1992-05-12 | 1995-04-18 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Silver catalyst |
-
1991
- 1991-10-11 KR KR1019910017920A patent/KR0147853B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-11 CA CA002053411A patent/CA2053411C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-11 DE DE69130098T patent/DE69130098T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-11 AT AT91202653T patent/ATE170425T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-11 AU AU85761/91A patent/AU656537B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-10-11 DK DK91202653T patent/DK0480538T3/da active
- 1991-10-11 EP EP91202653A patent/EP0480538B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-11 JP JP3290349A patent/JP2720124B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-11 ES ES91202653T patent/ES2120412T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-04-24 JP JP4129743A patent/JPH05305237A/ja active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-03-21 US US08/619,216 patent/US6511938B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6511938B1 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
| DE69130098T2 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
| JP2720124B2 (ja) | 1998-02-25 |
| EP0480538B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| JPH05305237A (ja) | 1993-11-19 |
| DE69130098D1 (de) | 1998-10-08 |
| DK0480538T3 (da) | 1998-11-02 |
| CA2053411C (en) | 1997-06-03 |
| AU656537B2 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
| ATE170425T1 (de) | 1998-09-15 |
| EP0480538A1 (en) | 1992-04-15 |
| CA2053411A1 (en) | 1992-04-13 |
| KR0147853B1 (ko) | 1998-08-17 |
| KR920007688A (ko) | 1992-05-27 |
| AU8576191A (en) | 1992-04-30 |
| JPH04305246A (ja) | 1992-10-28 |
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