EP4314777A1 - Dispositif de mesure en ligne ou in situ permettant de mesurer la concentration d'un gaz - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure en ligne ou in situ permettant de mesurer la concentration d'un gaz

Info

Publication number
EP4314777A1
EP4314777A1 EP22709227.7A EP22709227A EP4314777A1 EP 4314777 A1 EP4314777 A1 EP 4314777A1 EP 22709227 A EP22709227 A EP 22709227A EP 4314777 A1 EP4314777 A1 EP 4314777A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
raman
concentration
measurement
measuring device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22709227.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Stratmann
Franziska Seitz
Theodoros Garavelis
Heiko WITZEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4314777A1 publication Critical patent/EP4314777A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N2021/8578—Gaseous flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an online or in-situ measuring device for measuring the concentration and/or quantitatively evaluating the concentration of a gas or a gas mixture using Raman spectroscopy, with at least one gas measuring chamber for the gas or the gas mixture.
  • the invention relates to a method for measuring a concentration and/or a quantitative evaluation of the concentration of a gas or a gas mixture by means of Raman spectroscopy and to the use of the online or in-situ measuring device and/or the method.
  • gas concentration proportions of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and (climatic) pollutant gases such as carbon dioxide
  • hydrocarbons acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propene, propane, methane, n-butane, etc.
  • sulfur compounds such as sulfur dioxide and water steaming
  • concentration is typically determined in the gas networks and transfer points by means of sampling with subsequent, rather complex gas chromatographic analysis.
  • gas fractions of, for example, hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide are currently only determined using different sensors, ie sensors that are available for every type of gas and, above all, only in certain concentration ranges (no sensor is sufficient for the entire concentration range). So far, nitrogen cannot be measured directly in this context.
  • A1 relates to a method and a device for testing the tightness of components.
  • a component with an inner, closed volume is used, in which a pressure difference is first generated between the closed volume and a volume surrounding the component, so that a first pressure prevails in the closed volume and a second pressure prevails in the surrounding volume.
  • the number of molecules of a gas is generally determined in the volume in which the lower pressure prevails. Thereafter, a predetermined period of time elapses. A number of molecules is then measured by means of Raman spectroscopy in the volume in which the lower pressure prevailed, and the measured number of molecules is compared with the number of molecules determined before the time period has elapsed.
  • an online or in-situ measuring device for a concentration measurement and a quantitative concentration evaluation of a gas or a gas mixture by means of Raman spectroscopy is proposed, with at least one gas measurement room for the gas or the gas mixture, which has one or more optical access points and one or more has optical outputs, this comprising a high-power laser, in particular a laser diode, which illuminates the gas or the gas mixture in a focused manner in at least one measurement space in the visual spectral range and Raman scattered light from the focused illuminated gas or gas mixture through a physical Raman scattered light intensity of the Raman Scattered light-amplifying optical system with filters and aperture supplies a spectral analysis unit.
  • a high-power laser in particular a laser diode
  • a concentration measurement in particular of nitrogen and other gases, can be made available with a compact and mobile measurement or sensor system as an in-situ measurement based on Raman spectroscopy.
  • the online or in-situ measuring device is characterized in that the spectral analysis unit is designed as a spectrograph with at least one light detector.
  • the online or in-situ measuring device is provided with a spectrograph which, as a dispersing element, has at least one Grating and/or at least one prism, the light detector being a CCD camera, comprising a CMOS element and/or having receiver diodes at the positions of the Raman scattered light wavelengths of the illuminated gas or the illuminated gas mixture.
  • a spectrograph which, as a dispersing element, has at least one Grating and/or at least one prism
  • the light detector being a CCD camera, comprising a CMOS element and/or having receiver diodes at the positions of the Raman scattered light wavelengths of the illuminated gas or the illuminated gas mixture.
  • this is provided with at least one further gas measuring room in addition to the gas measuring room, which contains a gas or a gas mixture with a known gas concentration and serves as a calibration cell.
  • laser radiation from the gas measurement room and/or the further gas measurement room is absorbed within a radiation absorber to avoid interference.
  • the invention relates to a method for measuring a concentration and/or a quantitative evaluation of the concentration of a gas or a gas mixture by means of Raman spectroscopy and a measuring device, with at least the following method steps being carried out: a) Focused illumination of the gas or the gas mixture in a gas measurement room and/or in a further gas measurement room by means of at least one laser diode in the visible spectral range, b) guiding the laser beam out of the gas measurement room and/or the further gas measurement room into a radiation absorber to avoid interference and c) recording Raman scattered light with a Raman scattering intensity intensifying optics from the focused illuminated gas measurement room and feeding the Raman scattered light to a spectral analysis unit.
  • a gas or gases of a gas mixture is measured in different pressure and temperature ranges in a gas flow in the bypass or through at least one optical access to the gas measurement room.
  • the concentration of the gas or the gases in the gas mixture can be determined by evaluating the Raman spectra in the spectral analysis unit.
  • the laser beam coupled out of the gas measurement room is coupled into another gas measurement room containing a gas or a gas mixture of known gas concentration.
  • the further gas measurement space advantageously serves as a calibration option in the form of a calibration cell.
  • Raman scattered light is guided from the additional gas measurement chamber, which serves as a calibration cell, to the Raman scattering intensity-amplifying optics and from there to the spectral analysis unit.
  • a measurement of Raman scattered light from the gas measurement room or a parallel measurement of Raman scattered light from the gas measurement room and the further gas measurement room serving as a calibration cell takes place in the spectral analysis unit.
  • the method proposed according to the invention therefore makes it possible to separate Raman scattered light in the spectral analysis unit for parallel measurement in the light detector given the same gases or gas mixtures present in the gas measurement spaces.
  • the online or in-situ measuring device proposed according to the invention and/or the method for measuring the concentration of gases or gas mixtures can be used as a calibration system for fuel cells, fuel cell systems, gas sensors and the like. Further possible uses of the method proposed according to the invention and those proposed according to the invention Online or in-situ measuring devices are in the field of determining the gas composition, for example in gas networks, monitoring and process management in the production of hydrogen, in particular in electrolysers and other devices set up for this purpose. Furthermore, it can be used in the quality analysis of the gas from biogas plants, as well as in hydrogen filling stations and in the context of monitoring or air pollution control in animal breeding or animal husbandry.
  • the solution proposed according to the invention in the referencing/calibration unit for gas mixture devices or in test benches.
  • the use in desulfurization plants should also be mentioned, as well as the monitoring of greenhouse gases such as CO2, ammonia or SF 6 .
  • Another possible use of the solution proposed according to the invention is in the context of exhaust gas analysis in workshops, at Dekra, TÜV or other testing institutions.
  • the method proposed according to the invention can be used to monitor contamination to protect against harmful gases in processes with high-purity gases or also within the scope of inerting processes.
  • a use arises when using sensors for gas control and regulation in reforming processes as well as in the monitoring of the growth state or the maturing process in the food industry, for example in brewing.
  • Raman spectroscopy an established measurement method for measuring the concentration of liquids or solids, can be expanded to include the measurement of gases.
  • a quantitative concentration evaluation can be provided by the solution proposed according to the invention.
  • gases have a significantly lower density than solids and liquids (usually a factor of 800 lower) and that the Raman effect is therefore less pronounced when measuring gases.
  • the highly sensitive spectrometers and CCD cameras required today could not be used as online or in situ measurement systems directly at the location where the measurement gas is present.
  • a measuring device can be provided as an online or in-situ application, in which a laser diode is used as the radiation source comes, which is operated in the visual spectral range, preferably in the blue spectral range.
  • all essential gases in particular nitrogen
  • Oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen can be measured in parallel; in particular, this does not require a large number of gas analysis sensors.
  • the particle concentration is determined since the Raman signal is directly proportional to N/V, i.e. H. to the number of particles in the volume. There is no indirect determination, as is the case, for example, with the determination of the hydrogen concentration via sensors using a thermal conductivity measurement used there.
  • the detection takes place online and in situ; this means that no sample extraction with subsequent, partially spatially separate offline analysis is required, as is used in the field of gas chromatography.
  • Raman spectroscopy is a way of measuring the inert gas nitrogen directly and physically.
  • the Raman measurement signal is strictly linear to the molecule concentration (Raman signal ⁇ N/V); the individual gas Raman lines are in a constant signal ratio among each other, which means that gas concentrations are determined over a complete measuring range, i.e.
  • a further gas measurement room can be used in addition to a gas measurement room, which serves as a calibration cell.
  • the laser beam decoupled from the actual gas measurement room is guided with suitable optics into another gas cell, in which there is a known gas concentration, preferably 100% nitrogen, and then further fed to a beam absorber.
  • the Raman scattered light from the calibration cell is also guided into the Raman intensity-enhancing optics and onto the light detector and measured.
  • a gas that is not in the gas flow can be measured in parallel.
  • signal fluctuations of the light detector can also be detected in addition to laser power fluctuations. From the measurement of the Raman scattered light from the calibration cell, the signals originating from the Raman scattered light from the measurement room can be recalibrated.
  • the Raman scattered light signals obtained in each case can be separated for parallel detection of the signals in the light detector.
  • the main types of gas have different Raman bands, which, however, do not influence each other. This means that there are no cross-sensitivities, such as occur with gas sensors For example, aromatic vapors in the hydrogen sensor significantly affect the measurement signal. Furthermore, there are no signal overlaps and thus no gas type separation, as is the case with gas chromatography or in infrared absorption spectroscopy.
  • the water vapor Raman band is not in the measuring range of other essential gases, ie the occurrence of moisture essentially does not affect the gas concentration measurement. Rather, the humidity can also be measured directly and thus allows a correction of the measured molecular concentration of the non-water vapor gas components.
  • a gas sample is also not influenced by taking a sample, since a direct measurement is carried out within the gas sample or the gas flow volume. This makes it possible to take measurements in different gas pressure and temperature ranges.
  • the method proposed according to the invention has the advantage that molecular concentrations are determined directly from the gas sample or the gas flow/volume. It is therefore not necessary to take a sample with a glass fiber and to increase the Raman scattering intensity of gases, which is already physically low, by means of "cavity enhancement" in order to obtain a measurement signal that can be evaluated at all.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sketch of the structure of the online and in-situ measuring device proposed according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an expanded structure of the online and in-situ measuring device proposed according to the invention with a calibration cell
  • FIG. 4 shows a representation of the measurable essential gases.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic of the structure of an online and in-situ measuring device 10 proposed according to the invention.
  • This comprises a high-power laser 14 as radiation source 12, in particular at least one laser diode 16. This is operated within the visible spectral range, in particular within the blue spectral range.
  • the radiation source 12 according to the illustration in FIG.
  • a gas 22 or a gas mixture 24 is contained in the gas measurement space 20 .
  • the gas measurement space 20 can be part of a bypass line 26 through which a gas stream 66 flows.
  • the gas measurement room 20 includes at least one optical access 28 and at least one optical output 30 for the laser radiation generated by the at least one laser diode 16 .
  • the illustration according to FIG. 1 also shows that laser radiation exiting from the at least one optical output 30 reaches a radiation absorber 32 in order to avoid the effects of scattered light.
  • Raman scattered light 34 arrives from the gas measurement space 20 in a Raman scattering intensity-intensifying optics 36 which are part of a spectral analysis unit 38 .
  • the spectral analysis unit 38 also includes a light detector 48, for example in the form of a CCD camera 50 or a CMOS component and/or a number of receiver diodes.
  • receiver diodes are arranged inside the light detector 48 at the points of the Raman wavelengths of the gas(es) to be examined.
  • gases 22 or gas mixtures 24 can also be measured in different pressure and temperature ranges. The concentration is then determined directly by evaluating the detected Raman spectra 70, 72, as shown in FIGS. 2.1 and 2.2.
  • the gas 22 to be measured is illuminated with the laser diode 16, preferably in the visible blue spectral range, by focusing optics 18.
  • the Raman scattered light 34 is recorded by the Raman scattering intensity-intensifying optics 36 and fed to the spectral analysis unit 38 .
  • Figures 2.1 and 2.2 show Raman spectra for air (O2/N2) (cf. item 70).
  • Figure 2.2. 7 shows a Raman spectrum 72 for a forming gas composed of N2 (95%) and H2 (proportional to N/V 5% by volume).
  • the signal N/V for O2 is proportional to 21% by volume and in relation to N2 the signal N/V is proportional to 78% by volume. %.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment variant of the online and in-situ measuring device 10 already described in connection with FIG.
  • the difference between the embodiment variants shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 in relation to FIG. 3 is that in the structure of the online and in-situ measuring device 10 shown in FIG. 3, an additional further gas measurement space 56 is provided.
  • This preferably serves as a calibration cell 58 and includes a known gas concentration 60, such as 100% N2.
  • a known gas concentration 60 such as 100% N2.
  • the hole power laser 14 in the form of the laser diode 16 is also provided as the radiation source 12 in the variant of the online and in-situ measuring device 10 proposed according to the invention according to FIG.
  • the focusing optics 18 after which the laser beam is coupled into the gas measurement space 20 at at least one optical access 28 .
  • the gas 22 to be illuminated in a focused manner or the gas mixture 24 which passes through the bypass 26 , for example in the form of the gas stream 66 , is located.
  • the above-mentioned further gas measurement space 56 comes into play, into which the laser beam is coupled.
  • this further gas measurement space 56 which serves as a calibration cell 58, there is a known gas concentration 60, for example 100% N2.
  • the laser radiation now reaches the radiation absorber 32 to avoid interference analogous to the structure of the online and in-situ measuring device 10 according to Figure 1.
  • a parallel measurement 64 can be carried out with the structure according to FIG.
  • Raman scattered light 34 from gas measurement chamber 20 on the one hand and Raman scattered light 34 from further gas measurement chamber 56, which serves as calibration cell 58, on the other hand are fed in parallel to Raman scattered light amplifying optics 36.
  • the Raman scattered light amplifying optics 36 therefore receive two scattered light components which can be measured parallel to one another within the Raman scattering intensity amplifying optics 36 .
  • the Raman scattered light 62 from the further gas measurement space 56, which serves as a calibration cell 58, is also guided by means of the parallel measurement 64 into the Raman scattered light intensity-intensifying optics 36 and reaches the light detector 48 in the form of a CCD camera of a CMOS component or a number of receiver diodes.
  • the parallel measurement 64 can also be measured directly from a gas 22 that is not in the gas flow 66 . Consequently In addition to laser power fluctuations, signal fluctuations of the light detector 48 are also detected.
  • the Raman scattered light measurements can then be recalibrated accordingly as part of the evaluation of the Raman scattered light 34 from the gas measurement space 20.
  • a self-calibration can also be created in the event that the same gases are present in the gas measurement spaces 20, 56 and a separation within the scope of the Raman scattered light amplifying optics 36 68 of the Raman scattered light components, which originate from the gas measurement space 20 and from the further gas measurement space 56, is carried out.
  • These can be detected in parallel as part of a parallel detection 64 in the light detector 48, which can be a CCD camera, for example.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 4 shows the essential gases according to DIN EN 17124 that can be measured using the online and in-situ measuring device 10 within the scope of the method proposed according to the invention. These can involve the evaluation - in addition to O2 and N2 from the air - of CO2, CO, H2O, CH4. Sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen (H2) are also included.
  • SO2 sulfur dioxide
  • H2S hydrogen sulfide
  • H2 hydrogen
  • the online and in-situ measuring device 10 can be used to measure the concentration of gases with a compact mobile measuring or sensor system as part of an in-situ measurement based on Raman spectroscopy.
  • At least one laser diode 16 is preferably used in the concentration measurement, which illuminates the corresponding gas 22 or the corresponding gas mixture 24 in the visible, preferably blue, spectral range.
  • a correspondingly focusing optics 18 is used to focus the laser beam.
  • the laser beam is guided out of the gas measurement chamber 20 again via the at least one optical access 28 and reaches the radiation absorber 32 either directly or with the further measurement chamber 56 being connected into the latter.
  • the spectrograph 40 can contain one or more gratings or one or more prisms or a combination of these components.
  • the light detector 48 preferably includes a CCD camera, a CMOS component or corresponding receiver diodes that are placed at the points of the Raman wavelengths or the gases to be examined.
  • gases 22 or gas mixtures 24 can also be measured in different pressure and temperature ranges. What both online and in-situ measuring devices 10 have in common is that they can be used to evaluate the detected Raman spectra, so that they can be expanded to include their use in measuring the concentration of liquids or solids on gases, in particular quantitative concentration evaluations.
  • the Raman scattering intensity-enhancing optics 36 used make it possible to avoid the use of complex laboratory test systems with solid bodies or gas lasers and highly sensitive spectrometers, and there is a possibility for online and in-situ measurement directly at the location where the gas to be measured 22 or the to be measured gas mixture 24 can be achieved.
  • Hydrogen concentration error measurements due to Disturbing F O adsorption, for example on metallic surfaces, can be avoided due to the design, since glass is used and non-adsorbing metals are used.
  • gas concentrations can be determined over the entire measuring range and not over partial ranges of, for example, 0% to 20%, as is more common when using classic gas sensors. A sensor contamination is avoided, so that the contamination and downtimes do not occur due to the principle and total failures due to occurring defects are not to be feared. Large concentration differences and the associated signal differences are adjusted by varying the detection dynamics of the light detector. The sensitivity to small gas concentrations can be significantly improved simply by increasing the acquisition time.
  • the solution proposed according to the invention can rule out mutual interference due to the different Raman bands, so that no cross-sensitivities as with gas sensors (occurrence of aromatic vapors) or superimposed signals through gas type separation would have to be taken into account, thus resulting in a significantly simplified evaluation path results.
  • the hhO-Raman band is in the measuring range of the other essential gases, ie humidity either does not influence the gas concentration measurement at all or only insignificantly, but is measured directly and thus allows a correction of measured molecular concentrations of the non-water vapor gas components. If moist gas with F O vapor components is measured in the classic way, without providing a moisture sensor, the moisture content changes the gas particle composition. This means that when the air is humid, the particle density (N/V) of nitrogen and oxygen is reduced by the proportion that the water molecules occupy. In the solution according to the invention, the Raman lines corresponding to IN and O2 would then be smaller, but the FhO Raman signal would appear instead and a moisture correction could be carried out.
  • the solution proposed according to the invention thus measures the absolute humidity directly.
  • the classic measuring methods would have to measure the moisture in a suitable way, which can not always be trivial in individual cases, for example if the sample experiences pressure and temperature changes during sampling and/or in an analysis detector and the moisture changes as a result.
  • Humidity sensors measure the relative and not the absolute humidity, which in turn would have to be calibrated or calculated more or less laboriously.
  • the humidity is also measured directly and absolutely and allows a correction of the measured non-

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Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de mesure en ligne ou in situ (10) permettant de mesurer la concentration et/ou d'analyser de manière quantitative la concentration d'un gaz (22) ou d'un mélange gazeux (24) à l'aide d'une spectroscopie Raman. Le dispositif de mesure (10) comprend au moins une chambre de mesure de gaz (20, 56) pour le gaz (22) ou le mélange gazeux (24), ladite chambre ayant une ou plusieurs entrées optiques (28) et une ou plusieurs sorties optiques (30). On fournit un laser haute puissance (14), en particulier une diode laser (16), qui éclaire le gaz (22) ou le mélange gazeux (24) dans la ou les chambres de mesure de gaz (20, 56) de manière focalisée dans la plage spectrale visuelle et qui fournit de la lumière diffusée par effet Raman (34, 62) à partir du gaz (22), ou du mélange gazeux (24), éclairé focalisé à une unité d'analyse spectrale (38) au moyen d'un système optique (36) qui amplifie l'intensité de diffusion Raman physique de la lumière diffusée par effet Raman (34, 62) et qui comprend des filtres et des diaphragmes. L'invention se rapporte en outre à un procédé permettant de mesurer la concentration d'un gaz (22) ou d'un mélange gazeux (24) et à l'utilisation du dispositif de mesure (10) et du procédé.
EP22709227.7A 2021-03-23 2022-02-10 Dispositif de mesure en ligne ou in situ permettant de mesurer la concentration d'un gaz Pending EP4314777A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021107229.8A DE102021107229A1 (de) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Online- oder In-situ-Messeinrichtung für eine Konzentrationsmessung eines Gases
PCT/EP2022/053213 WO2022199928A1 (fr) 2021-03-23 2022-02-10 Dispositif de mesure en ligne ou in situ permettant de mesurer la concentration d'un gaz

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EP4314777A1 true EP4314777A1 (fr) 2024-02-07

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EP (1) EP4314777A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021107229A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022199928A1 (fr)

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