EP4264717A1 - Couche, système de couche, plaque électroconductrice et cellule électrochimique - Google Patents

Couche, système de couche, plaque électroconductrice et cellule électrochimique

Info

Publication number
EP4264717A1
EP4264717A1 EP21819340.7A EP21819340A EP4264717A1 EP 4264717 A1 EP4264717 A1 EP 4264717A1 EP 21819340 A EP21819340 A EP 21819340A EP 4264717 A1 EP4264717 A1 EP 4264717A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
chemical element
group
base
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21819340.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Romina BAECHSTAEDT
Moritz Wegener
Jan Martin STUMPF
Edgar Schulz
Ricardo Henrique Brugnara
Joachim Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102021130935.2A external-priority patent/DE102021130935A1/de
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Publication of EP4264717A1 publication Critical patent/EP4264717A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/77—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a layer, in particular for forming an electrically conductive plate for an electrochemical cell. Furthermore, the invention relates to a layer system with such a layer and an electrically conductive plate with such a layer system. The invention also relates to an electrochemical cell, in particular a fuel cell, an electrolyzer or a redox flow cell, with at least one such electrically conductive plate.
  • Electrochemical systems such as fuel cells, in particular polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and electrically conductive, current-collecting plates for such fuel cells and electrolyzers, as well as current collectors in galvanic cells and electrolyzers, are known.
  • bipolar or monopolar plates in fuel cells, especially in an oxygen half-cell.
  • the bipolar or monopolar plates are in the form of carbon plates (e.g. graph oil plates) which contain carbon as an essential component. These plates tend to be brittle and are comparatively thick, so that they significantly reduce the power volume of the fuel cell.
  • Another disadvantage is their lack of physical (e.g. thermomechanical) and/or chemical and/or electrical stability.
  • the production of the current collecting plates of the fuel cell from metallic (in particular austenitic) stainless steels.
  • the advantage of these panels is that the panel thickness that can be achieved is less than 0.5 mm. This thickness is desirable so that both the space and the weight of the fuel cell can be kept as small as possible.
  • the problem with these plates is that surface oxides are formed when the fuel cell is in operation, so that a surface resistance is impermissibly increased and/or electrochemical decomposition (such as corrosion, for example) occurs.
  • Laid-Open Specifications DE 10 2010 026 330 A1, DE 10 2013 209 918 A1, DE 11 2005 001 704 T5 and DE 11 2008 003 275 T5 describe the coating of austenitic stainless steels as carriers to achieve the requirement, for example for the use of bipolar plates in fuel cells with a gold layer, which is in a band range of up to 2 nm.
  • a gold layer even if only 2 nm thick, is still too expensive for mass applications.
  • a much greater disadvantage can be seen in a basic property of the chemical element gold.
  • Gold is nobler than the carrier material than stainless austenitic steel (stainless steel) and under unfavorable operating conditions in the fuel cells causes the carrier to dissolve (e.g. pitting or pitting corrosion), which results in a reduction in service life. Corrosion cannot be prevented, particularly in environments containing chloride (eg aerosols).
  • gold is not stable for high-load applications, e.g. at electrolysis conditions above 1500 mV standard hydrogen unit, in both acidic and basic environments.
  • Layers on the carrier in the form of so-called hard material layers based on nitride or carbide are also known from the prior art.
  • An example of this is titanium nitride, which, however, tends to form oxidic metal complexes through to closed surface layers during operation of a fuel cell. As a result, the surface resistance increases to high values, as with stainless steel.
  • Processes for coating with chromium nitride or chromium carbonitride can be found, for example, in the patent specifications DE 199 37 255 B4 and EP 1273060 B1 and the published application DE 100 17 200 A1.
  • the hard material layers have very good operating properties (e.g. resistance to corrosion, abrasion resistance, high contour accuracy), but they harbor the risk of anodic dissolution if concentration chains form in the fuel cell under unfavorable operating conditions.
  • This anodic dissolution occurs when internal electrochemical short circuits in the fuel cell, such as the formation of a water film between Between an active electrode of a membrane-electrode unit of the fuel cell and the bipolar plate, a so-called local element or an unexpected and undesired reaction element arises.
  • So-called dimensionally stable anodes are also known.
  • single-phase or multi-phase oxides with ruthenium oxide and/or iridium oxide are formed with the aid of refractory metals.
  • this type of layer is very stable, the electrical resistance is too high.
  • a surface of the carrier generally made of a noble metal, is doped with iridium.
  • a bipolar fuel cell plate comprising a conductive metal plate which is anodized and on which a conductive layer is subsequently deposited by means of an atomic layer deposition process.
  • the conductive layer comprises at least one of titanium oxynitride, gold, platinum, carbon, ruthenium or ruthenium oxide.
  • DE 10 2016 202 372 A1 discloses a layer consisting of a homogeneous or heterogeneous solid metallic solution or compound containing a first chemical element from the group of noble metals in the form of iridium and/or a second chemical element from the group of noble metals in the form of ruthenium and at least one other non-metallic chemical element from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, boron, fluorine and hydrogen.
  • WO 2018/145 720 A1 discloses a plate-shaped electrode made of composite material for a redox flow cell, which is structured for optimal distribution of fluid.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a layer, in particular for forming an electrically conductive plate for an electrochemical cell, the layer containing a first chemical element from the group of noble metals in the form of ruthenium in a concentration in the range from 50 to 99 at. % and at least one second chemical element in the form of silicon in a concentration of ⁇ 10 at.%.
  • Silicon forms stable compounds, especially oxides, which have a positive effect on the resistance of the layer to electrochemical attack.
  • the silicon is preferably contained in a concentration in the range from 3 to ⁇ 10 at %.
  • a layer system in particular for an electrically conductive plate of an electrochemical cell, comprising a top layer and a bottom layer system, the top layer being in the form of the layer according to the invention.
  • an electrochemical cell in particular in the form of a fuel cell, an electrolyzer or a redox flow cell, comprising at least one electrically conductive plate according to the invention.
  • the layer according to the invention is electrically conductive and electrocatalytically active and designed to protect against corrosion.
  • the layer according to the invention preferably contains at least one further second chemical element from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, boron, fluorine, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the at least one second chemical element is preferably present in the layer in a concentration in the range from 1 at.% to 40 at.%.
  • the at least one second chemical element is preferably dissolved in the metal lattice of the ruthenium in such a way that the lattice type of the host metal or the host metal alloy essentially does not change.
  • the layer according to the invention preferably comprises a) ruthenium, silicon and carbon; or b) ruthenium, silicon, carbon and hydrogen; or c) ruthenium, silicon, carbon and fluorine, optionally also hydrogen; or d) ruthenium, silicon, carbon and oxygen; or e) ruthenium, silicon, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
  • the specific electrical resistance of gold is about 10 m ⁇ cm' 2 at room temperature.
  • the layer preferably also has at least one chemical element from the group of refractory metals, in particular titanium and/or zirconium and/or hafnium and/or niobium and/or tantalum and/or tungsten.
  • the at least one chemical element from the group of refractory metals is contained in the layer in particular in a concentration range of 0.01 to 10 at. It has been shown that the addition of the refractory metals partially controls the H2O2 and ozone formed during the electrolysis.
  • the layer preferably also contains at least one chemical element from the group of base metals.
  • the at least one chemical element from the group of base metals is preferably formed by aluminum, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cerium, tin.
  • the at least one further chemical element from the group of base metals is contained in the layer, in particular in a concentration range of 0.01 to 10 at.
  • the at least one chemical element from the group of base metals in the form of tin and the at least one chemical element from the group of refractory metals together are contained in the layer in particular in a concentration range of 0.01 to 10 at.
  • the layer also preferably has at least one additional chemical element from the group comprising indium, platinum, gold, silver, rhodium, palladium in a concentration range of 0.01 to 25 at %. It is preferred if the layer has a layer thickness in the range from 0.5 to 500 nm.
  • the corrosion protection on metallic carriers is further improved by applying the layer according to the invention to an underlayer system formed between the carrier and the layer. This is particularly advantageous when corrosive media are present, especially when the corrosive media contain chloride.
  • a layer system in particular for an electrically conductive plate of an electrochemical cell, comprising a cover layer and an underlayer system, the cover layer being in the form of the layer according to the invention.
  • the underlayer system comprises at least one underlayer which has at least one chemical element from the group titanium, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, tantalum.
  • the underlayer system has in particular a first underlayer in the form of a metallic alloy layer comprising the chemical elements titanium and niobium, in particular 20-50% by weight niobium and the remainder titanium.
  • the underlayer system has a second underlayer comprising at least one chemical element from the group titanium, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum and also at least one non-metallic element from the group nitrogen, carbon, boron, fluorine.
  • the underlayer system has a second underlayer comprising the chemical elements a) titanium, niobium and also carbon and fluorine, or b) titanium, niobium and also nitrogen, is in particular made of (Ti6?Nb33)No.8- i,i formed.
  • the second backing layer is preferably positioned between the first backing layer and the top layer.
  • the second sub-layer can further contain up to 5 at.% oxygen.
  • a thickness of the layer or cover layer according to the invention of less than 10 nm is sufficient to protect against resistance-increasing oxidation of the second base layer.
  • the double layer formed with the help of the two-layer structure under the layer according to the invention ensures on the one hand an electrochemical adaptation to a substrate material, i.e. the material from which the substrate for receiving the layer system is formed, and on the other hand pore formation due to oxidation and hydrolysis processes is excluded.
  • the metallic first substrate layer is formed from preferably titanium or niobium or zirconium or tantalum or hafnium or from alloys of these metals, the baser are as the substrate material in the form of steel, in particular stainless steel, and initially react during corrosion processes to form insoluble oxides or voluminous, partly gel-like hydroxo compounds of these refractory metals. As a result, the pores become blocked and protect the base material from corrosion. The process represents a self-healing of the layer system.
  • a second base layer in the form of a nitride layer serves as a hydrogen barrier and thus protects the substrate, in particular made of stainless steel, the bipolar plate and the metallic first base layer from hydrogen embrittlement.
  • an electrically conductive plate in particular a bipolar plate of a fuel cell or an electrolyzer or an electrode of a redox flow cell, having a metallic substrate and a layer system according to the invention applied at least in partial areas of the surface of the substrate.
  • the layer system is applied over the full area to one or both sides of the substrate.
  • the metallic substrate is formed in particular from steel or titanium, preferably from high-grade steel.
  • a thickness of the substrate is preferably less than 1 mm and is in particular equal to 0.5 mm.
  • an electrochemical cell in particular in the form of a fuel cell, an electrolyzer or a redox flow cell, comprising at least one electrically conductive plate according to the invention.
  • a fuel cell according to the invention in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, comprising at least one electrically conductive plate according to the invention in the form of a bipolar plate, has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of electrical values and corrosion resistance.
  • Such a fuel cell therefore has a long service life of more than 10 years or more than 5000 motor vehicle operating hours. Comparably long service lives can be achieved with an electrolyzer according to the invention, which works with the opposite principle of action with regard to a fuel cell and brings about a chemical reaction, ie a material conversion, with the aid of electric current.
  • the electrolyzer is one that is suitable for hydrogen electrolysis.
  • a redox flow cell according to the invention comprising at least one electrically conductive plate according to the invention in the form of an electrode, long service lives and power densities can be achieved.
  • Figure 1 shows an electrically conductive plate in section
  • FIG. 2 an electrode with a flow field
  • FIG. 3 a redox flow cell or a redox flow battery with a redox flow cell
  • FIG. 4 shows an electrolyzer in section
  • FIG. 5 shows a fuel cell stack in a three-dimensional view.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an electrically conductive plate 1, comprising a substrate 2 made of stainless steel and a layer system 3 applied over the entire surface on one side of the substrate 2.
  • the layer system 3 comprises a cover layer 3a and an underlayer system 4 comprising a first underlayer 4a and a second underlayer 4b.
  • a metallic substrate 2 in the form of a con ductor here for a bipolar plate of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell for the conversion of (reformed) hydrogen, made of stainless steel, in particular a so-called authentic steel with very high known requirements regarding corrosion resistance, eg with the DIN ISO material number 1.4404.
  • the layer system 3 is formed on the substrate 2 by means of a coating process, for example a vacuum-based coating process (PVD), with the substrate 2 in one process step initially having a first underlying layer 4a in the form of a 1.5 ⁇ m thick titanium layer, then having an approximately equal thick second base layer 4b in the form of a titanium nitride layer and finally coated with a top layer 3a in the composition RuSiC.
  • the cover layer 3a corresponds to a layer layer that is open on one side, since only one cover layer surface of a further layer, here the second base layer 4b, is designed to make contact with it.
  • the free surface 30 of the cover layer 3a in a fuel cell is arranged facing an electrolyte, in particular a polymer electrolyte.
  • the metallic substrate 2 is initially coated with a first underlying layer 4a in the form of a metallic alloy layer with a thickness of several 100 nm, the metallic alloy layer having the composition Tio.9 Nbo.i.
  • a further application of a second base layer 4b then takes place with a thickness of a further several 100 nm of the composition Tio.9 Nbo.i Ni- X .
  • a cover layer 3a with a thickness of several nm in the composition RuSiC is applied thereto.
  • the advantage is an extraordinarily high stability against oxidation of the plate 1 according to the invention. Even with a permanent load of +3000 mV compared to a standard hydrogen electrode, no increase in resistance is found in a sulfuric acid solution, which has a pH of 3.
  • the cover layer 3a according to the invention of the first and second exemplary embodiment can be applied both by means of the sputtering technique and by means of a cathodic ARC coating method, also known as vacuum arc evaporation.
  • a cathodic ARC coating method also known as vacuum arc evaporation.
  • the cover layer 3a according to the invention produced in the cathodic ARC method also has the advantageous properties of high corrosion resistance with time-stable surface conductivity of the cover layer 3a according to the invention produced using the sputtering technique.
  • the layer system 3 according to the invention is formed on a substrate 2 in the form of a structured perforated stainless steel sheet.
  • the substrate 2 has been electrolytically polished in a H2SO4/HsPO4 bath before a layer system 3 is applied.
  • a cover layer 3a in the form of RuSiCHO is applied.
  • the advantage of the underlayer formed from tantalum carbide consists not only in its extraordinary resistance to corrosion but also in the fact that it does not absorb any hydrogen and thus serves as a hydrogen barrier for the substrate 2 . This is particularly advantageous if titanium is used as the substrate material.
  • the layer system 3 according to the invention of the third exemplary embodiment is suitable for use in an electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen at current densities i that are greater than 500 mA cm -2 .
  • the layer or cover layer according to the invention can also be formed without a second underlying layer or metalloid layer, with a possible increase in resistance.
  • Table 1 shows some coating systems with their characteristic values.
  • Table 1 shows only a few exemplary layer systems.
  • the layer systems according to the invention show no increase in resistance over several weeks at an anodic load of +2000 mV compared to standard hydrogen electrode in sulfuric acid solution at a temperature with a value of 70-80°C.
  • the layer systems applied in a high vacuum using a sputtering or ARC method or in a fine vacuum using a PECVD method (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method) were partially darkened after this exposure time. However, there were no visible signs of corrosion or significant changes in surface resistance.
  • FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional view of a plate 1 in the form of an electrode comprising a substrate 2 in the form of a metal sheet made of stainless steel with a profile 40 that forms a flow field 7 .
  • a profiling 40 on both sides for forming a flow field 7 in each case, resulting in a three-dimensional structuring of the surface of the electrode.
  • the substrate 2 is on both sides with a layer system 3, which is to be flown by an electrolyte in a redox flow cell 8 (see FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 3 shows an electrochemical cell 50 in the form of a redox flow cell 8 or a redox flow battery with a redox flow cell 8.
  • the redox flow cell 8 comprises two plates 1a, 1b in the form of electrodes , a first reaction space 10a and a second reaction space 10b, each reaction space 10a, 10b being in contact with one of the electrodes.
  • the reaction spaces 10a, 10b are separated from one another by an ion exchange membrane 9a.
  • a liquid anolyte 11a is pumped from a tank 13a via a pump 12a into the first reaction chamber 10a and passed between the plate 1a and the ion exchange membrane 9a.
  • a liquid catholyte 11b is pumped from a tank 13b via a pump 12b into the second reaction chamber 10b and passed between the plate 1b and the ion exchange membrane 9a. Ion exchange takes place across the ion exchange membrane 9a, electrical energy being released at the electrodes due to the redox reaction.
  • FIG. 4 shows an electrochemical cell 50 in the form of an electrolysis cell 20 of an electrolyzer comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane 9 which separates an anode side A and a cathode side K from one another.
  • a catalyst layer 21a, 21b each comprising a catalyst material and a fluid diffusion layer 22a, 22b, is arranged adjacent to the catalyst layer 21a, 21b on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane 9.
  • the fluid diffusion layers 22a, 22b are each disposed adjacent an electrically conductive plate 24a, 24b, with the fluid diffusion layers 22a and 22b being formed of expanded metal.
  • the plates 24a, 24b each have flow channels 23a, 23b on their sides facing the fluid diffusion layers 22a, 22b in order to improve the supply of reaction medium (water) and the removal of reaction products (water, hydrogen, oxygen).
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a fuel cell stack 100 comprising a plurality of electrochemical cells 50 in the form of fuel cells 90.
  • Each fuel cell 90 comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane 9 which is adjacent to plates 1c, 1d in the form of bipolar plates on both sides.
  • Each bipolar plate has a substrate 2 made of stainless steel, which is covered on both sides with a layer system 3 (see FIG. 1).
  • the bipolar plate has an inflow area with openings 80a and an outlet area with further openings 80b, which are used to supply a fuel cell 90 with process gases and coolant and to remove reaction products from the fuel cell 90 and coolant.
  • the bipolar plate also has a gas distributor structure 7 ′ on each side, which is arranged facing the polymer electrolyte membrane 9 .

Abstract

L'invention concerne une couche (3a), en particulier pour former une plaque électroconductrice (1) pour une cellule électrochimique (50), la couche (3a) contenant un premier élément chimique du groupe des métaux précieux sous la forme de ruthénium à une concentration de l'ordre de 50 à 99 % atomique et au moins un second élément chimique sous la forme de silicium à une concentration de < 10 % atomique. L'invention concerne en outre un système de couche, une plaque électroconductrice et une cellule électrochimique.
EP21819340.7A 2020-12-16 2021-11-26 Couche, système de couche, plaque électroconductrice et cellule électrochimique Pending EP4264717A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020133766 2020-12-16
DE102021130935.2A DE102021130935A1 (de) 2020-12-16 2021-11-25 Schicht und Schichtsystem, sowie elektrisch leitfähige Platte und elektrochemische Zelle
PCT/DE2021/100936 WO2022127976A1 (fr) 2020-12-16 2021-11-26 Couche, système de couche, plaque électroconductrice et cellule électrochimique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4264717A1 true EP4264717A1 (fr) 2023-10-25

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21819340.7A Pending EP4264717A1 (fr) 2020-12-16 2021-11-26 Couche, système de couche, plaque électroconductrice et cellule électrochimique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20240047703A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4264717A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2023543875A (fr)
CN (1) CN116348634A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022127976A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022121615A1 (de) 2022-08-26 2024-02-29 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bipolarplatte, Elektrolyseur und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bipolarplatte

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US20240047703A1 (en) 2024-02-08
JP2023543875A (ja) 2023-10-18
WO2022127976A1 (fr) 2022-06-23

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