EP4215820B1 - Heating device with secondary air supply - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

• la chaleur dégagée et donc le rendement de la combustion sont augmentés,
• les émissions de gaz incomplètement brûlés, tel que le monoxyde de carbone (CO) et l'oxyde d'azote (Nox) sont diminuées,
• les émissions de particules fines sont diminuées.

The invention relates to a heating device by combustion of a solid fuel with the addition of air as an oxidant, such as a stove or an insert for domestic use. In order to reduce emissions of fine particles and increase combustion efficiency, recent versions of this type of heating device include at least one secondary air intake port in the combustion chamber allowing the arrival of fresh air or combustion air at the level of the upper part of the fuel, in addition to the at least one primary air intake port allowing the arrival of fresh air at the level of the lower part of the fuel in the vicinity of the sole. During combustion, the fresh air arriving at the upper part of the fuel stored in the combustion chamber allows more complete combustion of the gases and particles released by the combustion of the solid fuel, before their escape into a chimney of a building, for example. This provides the stove user with the following advantages, for a given quantity of fuel burned:

• the heat released and therefore the combustion efficiency are increased,
• emissions of incompletely burned gases, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (Nox) are reduced,
• emissions of fine particles are reduced.

For manufacturers of stoves and inserts, the presence of at least one secondary air intake port in the combustion chamber constitutes an effective means of meeting increasingly strict standards concerning polluting emissions, such as the new European EcoDesign 2022 standard.

State of the art

The document US10480782B2 discloses a combustion chamber comprising a secondary air supply means comprising a arrangement of several orifices extending over the rear surface. The one or more supply conduits that open onto the rear surface may open into a recessed or recessed region in the rear surface. The secondary air inlet opening as described in the document necessarily has a cross section which increases when the supply duct opens into the combustion chamber.

The document FR2941036A1 discloses a heating device comprising a secondary air intake vent provided in the upper part of the combustion chamber and which is equipped with a deflector member operable by the user between two extreme positions. The deflector member is able to form channels for guiding the secondary air flow selectively either towards the smoke evacuation duct for operation of the stove in autonomous mode, or towards the hearth zone of the combustion chamber for operation of the stove in nominal mode. In this document, a slot-shaped opening is described. On the other hand, it does not extend over the entire width of the rear wall, and the only examples provided concern an opening made in the front wall of the heater.

The document GB2336666A discloses a combustion chamber including a secondary air inlet in a component extending between the top wall and the rear wall of the combustion chamber. The component spans the full width of the combustion chamber, but only includes holes and no elongated ports.

The document US20180080656 A1 discloses a secondary air inlet comprising one or more tubes extending across the entire width of the combustion chamber and pierced with one or more holes. The tubes are located at the top of the combustion chamber and extend laterally under the top wall. This document does not disclose a single elongated orifice extending over the entire width of the combustion chamber. EP 2 085 694 B1 discloses a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.

There is a need for heating devices in which the combustion efficiency is improved and the emissions of incompletely burned gases and particles are reduced, while reducing the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the heating device.

Summary of the invention

An aim of the invention is to resolve this problem by providing a device in which the combustion of gases and particles resulting from the combustion of solid fuel is more complete, and this by simple and robust technical means.

The invention is defined by the independent claim. The dependent claims define preferred embodiments.

• une paroi avant qui est normale à un vecteur de profondeur Y et comprend une ouverture d'insertion du combustible fermable par une porte,
• une sole qui est normale à un vecteur vertical Z, apte à supporter le combustible solide, et comprend de préférence un orifice d'admission d'air primaire de grille configuré pour permettre à un flux d'air primaire de grille d'entrer dans la chambre de combustion, une base orthonormée directe étant formée par un vecteur latéral X, le vecteur de profondeur Y et le vecteur vertical Z,
• une paroi latérale gauche qui est normale à un vecteur normal gauche L orthogonal au vecteur vertical Z, un angle d'orientation de la paroi latérale gauche α mesuré du vecteur latéral X au vecteur normal gauche L dans le sens trigonométrique étant compris entre -30° et 0°, de préférence égal à 0°,
• une paroi latérale droite qui est normale à un vecteur normal droit R orthogonal au vecteur vertical Z, un angle d'orientation de la paroi latérale droite β mesuré du vecteur latéral X au vecteur normal droit R dans le sens trigonométrique étant compris entre -180° et -150°, de préférence égal à - 180°,
• une paroi supérieure qui est normale à un vecteur oblique W orthogonal au vecteur latéral X, un angle d'inclinaison de la paroi supérieure γ mesuré du vecteur vertical Z au vecteur oblique W dans le sens trigonométrique étant compris entre 100° et 180°, de préférence entre 110° et 160°, de préférence entre 120° et 150°, la paroi supérieure étant adjacente aux parois latérales gauche et droite,
• une paroi arrière qui est normale à un vecteur -Y opposé au vecteur de profondeur Y et adjacente à la sole et aux parois latérales gauche et droite,
• un interstice étant présent entre la paroi arrière et la paroi supérieure et qui s'étend préférablement de la paroi latérale gauche à la paroi latérale droite, l'interstice étant fermé par,
• un assemblage mécanique, préférablement en métal, de préférence en acier inoxydable, comprenant un canal traversant l'interstice et configuré pour permettre à un flux d'air secondaire de traverser le canal depuis une ouverture d'entrée du canal vers un orifice d'admission d'air secondaire dans la chambre de combustion,

le dispositif de chauffage est caractérisé en ce que l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire dans la chambre de combustion a une forme allongée essentiellement parallèlement au vecteur latéral et qui s'étend entre :

• une extrémité gauche de l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire située à une distance comprise entre 0 cm et 1 cm de la paroi latérale gauche, ladite distance étant mesurée parallèlement au vecteur latéral X, et
• une extrémité droite de l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire située à une distance comprise entre 0 cm et 1 cm de la paroi latérale droite, ladite distance étant mesurée parallèlement au vecteur latéral X, et en ce que l'assemblage mécanique est configuré pour que le flux d'air secondaire alimentant la chambre de combustion s'étende continûment entre le voisinage de la paroi latérale gauche et le voisinage de la paroi latérale droite.

According to a first aspect, the invention provides a device for heating by combustion of a solid fuel and comprising a combustion chamber comprising:

• a front wall which is normal to a depth vector Y and includes a fuel insertion opening which can be closed by a door,
• a hearth which is normal to a vertical vector Z, capable of supporting the solid fuel, and preferably comprises a primary grid air intake port configured to allow a flow of primary grid air to enter the combustion chamber, a direct orthonormal base being formed by a lateral vector X, the depth vector Y and the vertical vector Z,
• a left side wall which is normal to a left normal vector L orthogonal to the vertical vector Z, an angle of orientation of the left side wall α measured from the lateral vector X to the left normal vector L in the trigonometric direction being between -30° and 0°, preferably equal to 0°,
• a right side wall which is normal to a right normal vector R orthogonal to the vertical vector Z, an orientation angle of the right side wall β measured from the lateral vector X to the right normal vector R in the trigonometric direction being between -180° and -150°, preferably equal to - 180°,
• an upper wall which is normal to an oblique vector W orthogonal to the lateral vector preferably between 110° and 160°, preferably between 120° and 150°, the upper wall being adjacent to the left and right side walls,
• a rear wall which is normal to a vector -Y opposite the depth vector Y and adjacent to the sole and to the left and right side walls,
• a gap being present between the rear wall and the upper wall and which preferably extends from the left side wall to the right side wall, the gap being closed by,
• a mechanical assembly, preferably of metal, preferably of stainless steel, comprising a channel passing through the gap and configured to allow a secondary air flow to pass through the channel from an inlet opening of the channel to an inlet port secondary air in the combustion chamber,

the heating device is characterized in that the secondary air intake orifice into the combustion chamber has an elongated shape essentially parallel to the lateral vector and which extends between:

• a left end of the secondary air intake port located at a distance between 0 cm and 1 cm from the left side wall, said distance being measured parallel to the lateral vector X, and
• a right end of the secondary air intake port located at a distance between 0 cm and 1 cm from the right side wall, said distance being measured parallel to the lateral vector X, and in that the mechanical assembly is configured so that the secondary air flow supplying the combustion chamber extends continuously between the vicinity of the left side wall and the vicinity of the right side wall.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the secondary air intake port in the combustion chamber is an elongated slot in the lateral direction X.

• une extrémité gauche de l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire située à une distance comprise entre 0 cm et 1 cm, de préférence entre 0 cm et 0.5 cm, de la paroi latérale gauche, ladite distance étant mesurée selon la direction latérale X, et jusqu'à
• une extrémité droite de l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire située à une distance comprise entre 0 cm et 1 cm, de préférence entre 0 cm et 0.5 cm, de la paroi latérale droite, ladite distance étant mesurée selon la direction latérale X.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the secondary air intake orifice into the combustion chamber extends from:

• a left end of the secondary air intake port located at a distance between 0 cm and 1 cm, preferably between 0 cm and 0.5 cm, of the left side wall, said distance being measured in the lateral direction
• a right end of the secondary air intake port located at a distance between 0 cm and 1 cm, preferably between 0 cm and 0.5 cm, from the right side wall, said distance being measured in the lateral direction .

Such a secondary air intake port makes it possible to inject a secondary air flow in the form of an air blade into the combustion chamber, and which extends continuously between the left and right side walls in the combustion chamber. In this way, the gases resulting from the primary combustion of the fuel cannot reach the chimney without passing through the secondary air flow and thus being supplied with oxygen. This promotes more complete combustion of all the gases resulting from the primary combustion of the fuel. In prior art devices, the secondary air intake orifice does not extend over the entire width of the combustion chamber, and neither does the secondary air flow. A significant part of the gases resulting from the primary combustion therefore bypass the secondary air flow and are not supplied with oxygen by it before escaping towards the chimney. The combustion of the gases constituting the smoke is therefore less complete in the devices of the prior art, which causes losses in energy efficiency and an increase in polluting emissions.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the secondary air intake port into the combustion chamber is a slot. Preferably, the slot is rectangular. Preferably, the slot is elongated in the lateral direction X.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mechanical assembly further comprises a metal profile extending between the vicinity of the left side wall and the vicinity of the right side wall and such that a generatrix of the metal profile is parallel to the lateral vector

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mechanical assembly is further configured so that the secondary air flow enters the combustion chamber according to an air flow admission vector secondary A which is orthogonal to the lateral direction 160°, preferably between 110° and 150°, preferably between 120° and 140°.

In the context of this document, the lateral vector X is parallel to the lateral direction X.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rear wall comprises a main part of the rear wall which is continuous and included in a surface of a rear plate made in one piece of a refractory material, preferably vermiculite, and the main part of the rear wall preferably constitutes an entire rear wall.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the channel extends along an axis of the channel V which is orthogonal to the lateral vector to the axis of the channel V and an interior surface of the channel, a surface of the interior section of the channel being included in the plane normal to the axis of the channel V and surrounded by the interior section of the channel, an area of the surface of the internal section of the channel being minimal at a location of the secondary air intake port and increasing monotonically, preferably linearly, between the location of the secondary air intake port and a location of the canal entrance opening.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interior section of the channel is rectangular.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the surface area of the interior section of the channel is minimum at the location of the secondary air intake port and maximum at the location of the opening canal entrance. Preferably, a ratio of the surface area of the inner section of the channel at the location of the channel inlet opening to the surface area of the inner section of the channel at the location of the channel inlet opening The secondary air intake port is between 1.5 and 7, preferably between 2 and 6, preferably between 3.5 and 5.5.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a length of the channel Le measured along the axis of the channel V and separating the surface of the interior section of the channel at the location of the secondary air intake port and the surface of the inner section of the channel at the location of the channel inlet opening is between 1 cm and 20 cm, preferably between 2 cm and 5 cm.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interior section of the channel at the location of the secondary air intake orifice has a maximum width L1 which is measured according to the lateral vector X and is between 20 cm and 150 cm, preferably between 30 cm and 100 cm, preferably between 40 cm and 80 cm.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interior section of the channel at the location of the secondary air intake orifice has a maximum height H1 which is measured in a direction orthogonal to the channel axis V and to the lateral vector X and is between 0.2 cm and 5 cm, preferably between 0.2 cm and 2 cm, preferably between 0.3 cm and 1.5 cm.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the width of the channel measured according to the lateral vector X is constant over the entire length of the channel. Preferably, the height of the channel measured in a direction orthogonal to the channel axis V and to the lateral vector X is constant over the entire width of the channel.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the height of the channel is minimum at the location of the secondary air intake port and maximum at the location of the channel inlet opening. Preferably, a ratio of the height of the channel at the location of the channel inlet opening to the height of the channel at the location of the secondary air intake port is between 1.5 and 7, preferably between 2 and 6, preferably between 3.5 and 5.5.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interior surface of the channel comprises an upper face of the channel and a lower face of the channel which are separated by, and preferably symmetrical with respect to, a plane of symmetry of the channel P which is parallel to the lateral vector the secondary air intake port at the channel inlet opening.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the interior section of the channel at the location of the secondary air intake orifice is a first rectangle, one side of which is parallel to the lateral vector X.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inlet opening of the channel is closed by a diffuser comprising an orifice of the diffuser and configured to impose a direction of the admission vector of the secondary air flow A, a surface of the orifice of the diffuser being preferably coplanar with the surface of the interior section of the channel at the location of the inlet opening of the channel, and preferably having symmetry with respect to the plane of symmetry of the channel P, the diffuser being configured so that the direction of the admission vector of the secondary air flow A is parallel to the axis of the channel V.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the surface of the orifice of the diffuser is rectangular and extends from the vicinity of the left side wall to the vicinity of the right side wall, a ratio of an area of the surface of the orifice of the diffuser to the area of the surface of the interior section of the channel at the location of the secondary air intake orifice being between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.8 and 1.2, preferably between 1.0 and 1.1. In such an embodiment of the diffuser, and when the height of the channel decreases between the inlet opening of the channel and the secondary air intake orifice, the turbulence of the secondary air flow entering the chamber of combustion are reduced. The secondary air flow entering the combustion chamber is therefore substantially laminar and the direction of the admission vector of the secondary air flow A into the combustion chamber is well controlled.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heating device further comprises a frame capable of supporting elements of the heating device comprising the front wall, the base and the left and right side walls, and in which the frame and the mechanical assembly are configured so that the mechanical assembly is removable relative to the chassis.

• la paroi supérieure comprend en outre un bord inférieur de la paroi supérieure qui est de préférence une extrémité de la paroi supérieure s'étendant de la paroi latérale gauche à la paroi latérale droite et située à une distance minimale de la sole selon le vecteur vertical Z,
• l'assemblage mécanique comprend en outre un élément métallique de support configuré pour recevoir le bord inférieur de la paroi supérieure et empêcher un déplacement du bord inférieur de la paroi supérieure selon un vecteur -Z opposé au vecteur vertical Z, l'élément métallique de support étant par exemple une gorge, ou une cornière dont une aile de la cornière couvre préférablement une partie de la paroi supérieure contigüe du bord inférieur de la paroi supérieure.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention,

• the upper wall further comprises a lower edge of the upper wall which is preferably an end of the upper wall extending from the left side wall to the right side wall and located at a minimum distance from the sole according to the vertical vector Z,
• the mechanical assembly further comprises a metal support element configured to receive the lower edge of the upper wall and prevent movement of the lower edge of the upper wall according to a vector -Z opposite the vertical vector Z, the metal support element being for example a groove, or an angle of which a wing of the angle preferably covers a part of the upper wall contiguous to the lower edge of the upper wall.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber further comprises a tertiary air intake port contiguous to the front wall and configured to allow entry of a tertiary air flow into the combustion chamber. combustion at an upper end of the fuel insertion opening, and preferably according to a vector -Z opposite the vertical vector Z.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the left side wall and the right side wall are included in a continuous surface of a left side plate and in a continuous surface of a right side plate, respectively, and/or the top wall is included in a continuous surface of a top plate.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber further comprises a front auxiliary primary air intake port which is included in a part of the combustion chamber adjacent to the front wall and to the hearth, and configured to allow passage of a front auxiliary primary air flow entering the combustion chamber, the front auxiliary primary air intake port being preferably contiguous to the hearth, and preferably located at a distance from the sole measured according to the vertical vector Z less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mechanical assembly further comprises a mechanical spacer part configured to maintain a gap between the upper face of the channel and the lower face of the channel, the mechanical spacer part preferably being a fin or a metal tab, and having a thickness measured in the lateral direction X which is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm.

Brief description of the drawings

• la Fig. 1 est une vue en coupe et en perspective cavalière d'un dispositif selon l'invention, sur laquelle sont représentés les flux d'air primaire de grille et d'air secondaire,
• la Fig. 2 est une vue de face d'un dispositif selon l'invention sans la porte fermant l'ouverture d'insertion du combustible,
• la Fig. 3 est une vue en coupe latérale d'un dispositif selon l'invention, sur laquelle sont représentés les flux d'air primaire auxiliaire avant et d'air tertiaire,
• la Fig. 4 est une vue détaillée en coupe latérale d'un mode de réalisation de l'assemblage mécanique du dispositif selon l'invention, dans laquelle sont représentés l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire et les parois arrière et supérieure,
• la Fig. 5 est une vue en perspective cavalière d'un mode de réalisation de l'assemblage mécanique du dispositif selon l'invention, qui comprend l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire,
• la Fig. 6 est une vue détaillée en coupe latérale d'un mode de réalisation de l'assemblage mécanique du dispositif selon l'invention qui comprend l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire.

These aspects and other aspects of the invention will be explained in more detail by means of the embodiment(s) of the invention described below by way of example(s), with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• there Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a device according to the invention, on which the flows of primary grille air and secondary air are represented,
• there Fig. 2 is a front view of a device according to the invention without the door closing the fuel insertion opening,
• there Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of a device according to the invention, on which the front auxiliary primary air and tertiary air flows are represented,
• there Fig. 4 is a detailed side sectional view of an embodiment of the mechanical assembly of the device according to the invention, in which the secondary air intake port and the rear and upper walls are shown,
• there Fig. 5 is a cavalier perspective view of one embodiment of the mechanical assembly of the device according to the invention, which comprises the secondary air intake port,
• there Fig. 6 is a detailed side sectional view of an embodiment of the mechanical assembly of the device according to the invention which comprises the secondary air intake port.

Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention

The heating device 100 according to the invention is configured to ensure the heating of a building, for example a room in a dwelling, a house, or even a workshop, for example by heating ambient air extracted from a interior of the building and returning towards it after having circulated within the heating device 100, and/or by conduction and/or convection and/or radiation of heat from the heating device 100 towards the ambient air at inside the building. The heating device 100 is for example a cassette, an insert, a hearth, or a stove.

One embodiment of the heating device according to the invention is shown on the Figures 1 and 2 . The heating device 100 according to the invention comprises a combustion chamber 101 configured to receive a solid fuel, the heating device being configured to produce heat by combustion of the solid fuel with combustion air in the combustion chamber 101. Preferably, the solid fuel comprises wood, and preferably one or more wooden logs. The combustion air comes from an interior atmosphere of the building, and/or preferably from an exterior atmosphere of the building. Preferably, the heating device 100 according to the invention is configured to be coupled with a combustion air inlet pipe allowing the arrival of combustion air from the exterior atmosphere of the building. For example, this allows the heating device 100 to be used in buildings meeting recent energy insulation standards and generally airtight, and in which the combustion air cannot come from inside the building to avoid to consume the oxygen necessary for the breathing of the people occupying the building.

Combustion chamber

The combustion chamber 101 of the device according to the invention comprises several surfaces which delimit the combustion chamber 101: a front wall 110, a lower wall which is a base 120, a left side wall 130, a right side wall 140, a wall upper 150, and a rear wall 160. In the present patent application, the term wall designates one of the internal faces of the combustion chamber, for example a surface of a plate of a refractory material, which forms a border of the combustion chamber. The adjectives 'front', 'lower', 'left side', 'right side', 'upper', and 'back' refer to the positions of the walls from the point of view of a user positioned facing the front wall and looking toward an interior of the combustion chamber of the heater in use position from an exterior of the combustion chamber.

Generally speaking, the heating device 100 according to the invention comprises a chassis 102 capable of supporting the front wall 110, the base 120 and the left 130 and right 140 side walls, the upper wall 150 and the rear wall 160.

Front wall

The front wall 110 is normal to a depth vector Y and includes a fuel insertion opening 111 which can be closed by a door 112. The door 112 can for example open by pivoting on a hinge or by sliding vertically in a slide. Preferably, the front wall 110 closed by the door 112 is airtight.

In the present patent application, the formulation `wall or hearth normal to a particular vector' designates a wall or hearth extending mainly, but not necessarily only, in directions orthogonal to the particular vector, the particular vector which is normal to the wall or the sole being oriented towards the inside of the combustion chamber. This does not exclude the presence of openings, bevels, protrusions, dug grooves or curved parts included in the wall. Generally, the front wall 110, the sole 120, the left side wall 130, the right side wall 140, the upper wall 150, and the rear wall 160 comprise surfaces of one or more plates comprising at least one of: refractory material, metal, a grid, an opening.

Sole

The sole 120 of the heating device according to the invention is normal to a vertical vector Z, the vertical vector Z being parallel to the direction of gravity when the heating device is in the use position, a lateral vector of depth Y, and the vertical vector Z forming a direct orthonormal base in the following order: (X, Y, Z), as illustrated on the Figure 2 . The hearth 120 is capable of supporting the solid fuel, and preferably comprises at least one primary air intake orifice of grid 121 configured to be crossed by a flow of primary air of grid 122 entering the combustion chamber. The at least one primary air intake orifice of the grille is by example an opening in a refractory base plate, or in a grille or in grille primary air distribution channels. In the embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention illustrated in Figure 1 , two metal channels comprising primary grid air intake orifices 121 allow the passage of the primary grid air flow 122 between refractory hearth plates and up to the base of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 120. Generally speaking, the heating device according to the invention preferably comprises several primary grille air intake orifices 121, and which are preferably configured so that the primary grille air flow 122 enters the combustion chamber. below the solid fuel stored on base 120.

Left and right side walls

In the heating device 100 according to the invention, the left side wall 130 is normal to a left normal vector L which is orthogonal to the vertical vector Z, and such that an orientation angle of the left side wall α measured from the vector lateral X to the left normal vector L in the trigonometric direction is between -30° and 0°, and is preferably equal to 0°. The left side wall 130 of the heating device 100 according to the invention is therefore substantially perpendicular to the front wall 110, or slightly oriented towards the front wall 110.

The right side wall 140 of the heating device 100 according to the invention is normal to a right normal vector R which is orthogonal to the vertical vector Z, and such that an angle of orientation of the right side wall β measured from the lateral vector to the right normal vector R in the trigonometric direction is between -180° and -150°, and is preferably equal to -180°. The right side wall 140 of the heating device 100 according to the invention is therefore substantially perpendicular to the front wall 110, or slightly oriented towards the front wall 110.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 , the orientation angle of the left side wall α is equal to 0° and the orientation angle of the right side wall β is equal to -180°, that is, the left normal vector L and the right normal vector R are parallel to the vector side X, and that the left side walls 130 and right 140 are substantially parallel to each other. Preferably, the left side wall 130 and the right side wall 140 are included in a flat and continuous surface of a refractory left side plate and a refractory right side plate, respectively, as shown in Fig. Figure 1 . The refractory left side plate and the refractory right side plate may be made of vermiculite. A thickness of the left side plate and the right side plate can be between 1 and 5 cm, and preferably substantially equal to 3 cm. In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention as shown in Figure 1 , an entire left side wall 130 and an entire right side wall 140 are included in the refractory left side plate and the refractory right side plate, respectively. In the present patent application, a surface is continuous if it is connected, that is to say it is in one piece and is not pierced.

Upper wall

The upper wall 150 of the heating device 100 according to the invention is normal to an oblique vector W orthogonal to the lateral vector X, and such that an angle of inclination of the upper wall γ measured from the vertical vector Z to the oblique vector W in the trigonometric direction is between 100° and 180°, preferably between 110° and 160°, preferably between 120° and 150°. In a heating device 100 according to the invention in which the angle of inclination of the upper wall γ is equal to 180°, the upper wall 150 and the base 120 are substantially parallel to each other, the oblique vector W is opposite to the vertical vector Z, and the upper wall is horizontal if the device is in the use position. In a heating device 100 according to the invention in which the angle of inclination of the upper wall γ is strictly greater than 180°, the upper wall 150 is oriented towards the front wall 110 of the heating device. In the heating device 100 according to the invention in the use position, the upper wall 150 at least partially overhangs the hearth 120 and the solid fuel stored on the hearth 120.

The upper wall 150 is adjacent to the left side walls 130 and right 140. In the present patent application, walls or parts of the heating device 100 which are adjacent are not necessarily in contact, for example because of assembly tolerances, but are in the immediate vicinity of each other. In a preferred embodiment of the invention as illustrated in Figure 1 , the upper wall 150 comprises a lower edge of the upper wall 151 which is an end of the upper wall 150 located at the rear of the upper wall 150, at a minimum distance from the sole 120 according to the vertical vector Z. Preferably , the lower edge of the upper wall 151 extends from the left side wall 130 to the right side wall 140. Preferably, the lower edge of the upper wall 151 is rectilinear.

Preferably, the upper wall 150 is included in a substantially flat and preferably continuous surface of a refractory upper plate which is preferably made of vermiculite. In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention as shown in Figure 1 , an entire upper wall 150 is included in the upper refractory plate. A thickness of the upper refractory plate made of vermiculite is preferably between 1 and 5 cm, preferably substantially equal to 3 cm.

Rear wall

The rear wall 160 of the heating device according to the invention is normal to a vector -Y opposite the depth vector Y, and is adjacent to the sole 120 and to the left 130 and right 140 side walls. Preferably, the rear wall 160 is included in a substantially flat and preferably continuous surface of a refractory backplate 163, which is preferably made of vermiculite. Generally speaking, the rear wall 160 is opposite the fuel insertion opening 111 and adjacent to the sole 120, and therefore undergoes numerous shocks during the insertion of the solid fuel during the life of the device. heating 100. The refractory rear plate 163 comprising the rear wall 160 which is continuous offers greater resistance to shock and wear, and greater ease of manufacturing than the refractory rear plate 163 comprising the rear wall 160 which does not is not continuous. A refractory back plate thickness 163 consisting of vermiculite is preferably between 1 and 5 cm, preferably substantially equal to 3 cm.

Auxiliary primary air intake port

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention, the rear wall 160 comprises a main part of the rear wall 162 included in the refractory rear plate 163, and the main part of the rear wall 162 preferably constitutes a entire rear wall 160. In an alternative embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention, the rear wall 160 further comprises a secondary part of the rear wall 164 included in a rear metal part adjacent to the sole 120 and comprising at least one rear auxiliary primary air intake port, the at least one rear auxiliary primary air intake port being located at a distance less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm from the sole 120, and the rear metal part adjacent to the hearth 120 is configured to allow the passage of a rear auxiliary primary air flow entering the combustion chamber 101 at the level of the base of the fuel stored on the hearth 120.

As shown in Figure 3 , the combustion chamber 101 in the heating device 100 may comprise a front auxiliary primary air intake port 190 included in a part of the combustion chamber adjacent to the front wall and the hearth 193 which is configured to allow a passage of a front auxiliary primary air flow 191 entering the combustion chamber 101. The front auxiliary primary air intake orifice 190 is preferably contiguous to the hearth 120, and preferably located at a distance less than 10 cm, preferably less than 5 cm from the base 120 measured along the vertical vector Z. The front auxiliary primary air intake port 190 is preferably configured so that the front auxiliary primary air flow 191 enters the chamber combustion 101 at the level of the base of the fuel stored on the sole 120.

Gap

As illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 , the heating device 100 according to the invention also comprises a gap 170 which is located between the rear wall 160 and the upper wall 150. In other words, a gap 170 is present between the rear wall 160 and the upper wall 150 of the heating device. heating 100 according to the invention. Preferably, there is only one gap between the rear wall 160 and the upper wall 150 in the heating device 100 according to the invention. The gap 170 preferably extends from the left side wall 130 to the right side wall 140. Preferably, the gap 170 is delimited by the rear wall 160, and by the upper wall 150, and by the left side wall 130 , and by the right side wall 140. As illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 , the gap 170 is preferably of elongated shape and has a rectangular section of which two opposite sides are defined by the upper wall 150 and by the rear wall 160, and the two remaining sides are defined by the left side walls 130 and right 140.

Mechanical assembly closing the gap

The gap 170 is closed by a mechanical assembly 200 shown in Figures 5 and 6 . The mechanical assembly 200 comprises at least one mechanical part of the assembly, and preferably several mechanical parts of the assembly which are securely attached to each other. Preferably, the mechanical assembly does not include mechanical parts of the assembly which are movable relative to each other. The mechanical assembly 200 is preferably made of metal, preferably stainless steel, preferably stainless steel 304. The mechanical assembly 200 includes a channel 210 passing through the gap and is configured to allow a secondary air flow 220 d enter the combustion chamber 101. Preferably, the mechanical assembly 200 closes the gap 170 in an airtight manner, that is to say that the mechanical assembly 200 is configured so that the flow of secondary air 220 which enters the combustion chamber 101 through the gap 170 necessarily passes through the channel 210 of the mechanical assembly 200 which closes the gap 170. In other words, the mechanical assembly 200 is configured so that the flow of secondary air 220 entering the combustion chamber 101 cannot pass through the gap 170 without passing through the channel 210 of the assembly mechanical 200. The channel 210 includes an inlet opening of the channel 211 and a secondary air intake port. The mechanical assembly 200 is configured so that the secondary air flow 220 which enters the combustion chamber passes through the channel 210 from the inlet opening of the channel 211 towards the secondary air intake port 212 in the combustion chamber 101.

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention, the mechanical assembly 200 comprises a metal profile 230 which extends between a vicinity of the left side wall 131 and a vicinity of the right side wall 141 and of which a generator of the metal profile 231 is parallel to the lateral vector Figures 5 and 6 . In the context of this document, the vicinity of one of the walls 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160 of the heating device 100 according to the invention is defined as the space between 0 and 1 cm distance from said wall.

Preferably, and in the context of this document, the vicinity of one of the left side walls 130 or right side walls 140 of the heating device 100 according to the invention is located at a distance measured in the lateral direction X of said wall which is between 0 and 1 cm, preferably between 0 and 0.5 cm.

Preferably, the metal profile 230 comprises a left side end of the metal profile included in the vicinity of the left side wall 131 which is closed by a first metal plate, and a right side end of the metal profile which is included in the vicinity of the right side wall 141 which is closed by a second metal plate, as shown in Figure 5 . Generally speaking, a profile is a part whose surfaces are generated by a generating line supported on a profile or a section. An example of such a profile or section is shown in Figure 6 .

Preferably, the chassis 102 is configured to support the mechanical assembly 200 when the heating device 100 is in the use position, by mechanical attachment or fixing means such as notches, rivets, screws and nuts, hinges , angles, and preferably thanks to the effect of the force of gravity. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mechanical assembly 200 comprises hooks capable of being inserted in notches of the chassis, the mechanical assembly 200 whose hooks are in position inserted in the notches of the chassis being in a stable position by the effect of the force of gravity when the heating device is in the position of use .

Preferably, the chassis 102 and the mechanical assembly 200 are configured so that the mechanical assembly 200 is removable relative to the chassis 102 in order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the mechanical assembly 200 and/or the walls adjacent to the mechanical assembly 200 relative to chassis 102.

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention as shown in Figure 4 , the upper wall 150 further comprises a lower edge of the upper wall 151 which is preferably an end of the upper wall 150 extending from the left side wall 130 to the right side wall 140 and located at a minimum distance from the sole 120 according to the vertical vector Z. Preferably, the lower edge of the upper wall 151 is rectilinear and parallel to the lateral vector upper 150.

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention as shown in Figure 4 , the mechanical assembly 200 further comprises a metal support element 250 configured to receive the lower edge of the upper wall 151 and prevent movement of the lower edge of the upper wall 151 according to a vector -Z opposite the vertical vector Z, l the metal support element 250 being for example a groove, or an angle iron 251 of which a wing of the angle iron 252 preferably covers a part of the upper wall contiguous to the lower edge of the upper wall 152.

Preferably, in the heating device 100 according to the invention, the rear wall 160 further comprises an upper edge of the rear wall 161 which is preferably an end of the rear wall 160 extending from the left side wall 130 to 'to the right side wall 140 and located at a maximum distance from the balance 120 according to the vertical vector Z. Preferably, the upper edge of the rear wall 161 is rectilinear and parallel to the lateral vector X. For example, the upper edge of the rear wall 161 is an edge of the refractory rear plate 163 comprising the rear wall 160.

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention as shown in Figure 4 , the mechanical assembly 200 further comprises a second metal support element 260 configured to receive the upper edge of the rear wall 161 and prevent movement of the upper edge of the rear wall 161 according to a vector -Y opposite to the depth vector Y , the second metal support element 260 being for example a second groove, or a second angle of which a wing of the second angle 261 preferably covers a part of the rear wall contiguous to the upper edge of the rear wall.

Secondary air intake port

The heating device 100 according to the invention is characterized in that the secondary air intake port 212 in the combustion chamber 101 extends from the vicinity of the left side wall 131 to the vicinity of the side wall right 141. Preferably, the secondary air intake orifice 212 extends continuously, that is to say uninterrupted, from the vicinity of the left side wall 131 to the vicinity of the right side wall 141, and the secondary air intake port 212 therefore consists of a single secondary air intake opening. Preferably, the secondary air intake port 212 is a slot elongated in the lateral direction X, and which extends from the left side wall 130 to the right side wall 140. The heating device 100 according to the invention is further characterized in that the mechanical assembly 200 is configured so that the secondary air flow 220 supplying the combustion chamber 101 extends continuously, that is to say in an uninterrupted manner, between the vicinity of the left side wall 131 and the vicinity of the right side wall 141. Preferably, the mechanical assembly 200 is configured so that the secondary air flow 220 supplying the combustion chamber 101 extends continuously between the vicinity of the left side wall 131 and the vicinity of the right side wall 141 at the location of the secondary air intake port 212. In other words, the mechanical assembly 200 is configured so that the secondary air flow 220 either a blade or air curtain which enters the combustion chamber 101 and covers the solid fuel stored on the sole 120, the blade or air curtain extending continuously between the vicinity of the left side wall 131 and the vicinity of the right side wall 141.

In the heating device 100 according to the invention, the secondary air intake port 212 is directly in contact with the interior of the combustion chamber, and is contiguous to the rear wall 160 and the upper wall 150 which are preferably partially covered by the wing of the angle 252 and/or by the wing of the second angle 261.

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention, the mechanical assembly 200 is configured so that the secondary air flow 220 enters the combustion chamber 101 according to an admission vector of the air flow secondary A which is orthogonal to the lateral direction between 90° and 160°, preferably between 110° and 150°, preferably between 120° and 140°.

None of the devices of the prior art includes the secondary air intake port 212 extending continuously along the rear wall 160 from a vicinity of the left side wall 131 to a vicinity of the side wall right 141, as well as the mechanical assembly 200 configured so that the secondary air flow 220 supplying the combustion chamber 101 extends continuously between the vicinity of the left side wall 131 and the vicinity of the right side wall 141 In the heating device 100 according to the invention, the secondary air flow 220 entering the combustion chamber 101 is in the form of a blade or air curtain. Preferably, the secondary air intake port 212 is located at a height in the combustion chamber, which is a distance relative to the base 120 measured in the vertical direction Z, of between 10 cm and 100 cm, preferably between 15 cm and 50 cm, preferably between 20 cm and 40 cm. Preferably, the secondary air intake port 212 is configured to be located at the height in the combustion chamber that is greater than the height in the combustion chamber of the top of a typical quantity of fuel solid stored on the hearth 120. This typical quantity of solid fuel depends on the heating device and corresponds to optimal use of the combustion device, and can be determined by testing by a designer of the heating device. The preceding characteristic allows the secondary air flow 220 to cover the solid fuel stored on the hearth 120 and to prevent gases and particles resulting from the combustion of the solid fuel and which rise from the solid fuel stored on the hearth 120 towards the upper wall 150 to escape from the combustion chamber 101, for example towards the chimney of the building, without crossing or coming into contact with the secondary air flow 220. This is not the case in the devices of heating of the prior art in which the admission of secondary air is carried out by holes passing through the rear wall or by an elongated opening not extending over the entire width of the combustion chamber.

In the heating device 100 according to the invention, the secondary air flow 220 therefore ensures a supply of additional oxygen to more completely burn the gases and particles resulting from the combustion of the solid fuel, compared to the devices of the prior art. This results in greater heat production and therefore in an improvement in the combustion efficiency and therefore in the heat efficiency of the heating device 100 according to the invention compared to the devices of the prior art. In addition, emissions of particles and incompletely burned gases are reduced, which reduces the pollution caused by the emission of smoke from combustion. The environmental impact of the combustion of solid fuel in the heating device 100 according to the invention is therefore reduced compared to the heating devices of the prior art.

Furthermore, the secondary air intake port 212 according to the invention is located between the rear 160 and upper 150 walls of the heating device 100. In the preferred embodiment of the invention in which the rear wall 160 is continuous, it is more robust and easier to manufacture than a rear wall 160 which is not continuous.

Channel

In a preferred embodiment of the mechanical assembly 200 of the heating device 100 according to the invention as shown in Figure 6 , the channel 210 extends along an axis of the channel V which is orthogonal to the lateral vector plane normal to the axis of the channel V and the interior surface of the channel 214. A surface of the interior section of the channel 217 is defined as being a surface included in the plane normal to the axis of the channel V and surrounded by the interior section of channel 213.

Preferably, a surface area of the inner section of the channel 217 is minimal at a location of the secondary air intake port 212 and increases monotonically, preferably linearly, between the location of the port secondary air intake 212 and a location of the inlet opening of the channel 211.

Preferably, a length of the channel Le measured along the axis of the channel V and separating the surface of the interior section of the channel 217 at the location of the secondary air intake port 212 from the surface of the interior section of channel 217 at the location of the inlet opening of channel 211 is between 1 cm and 20 cm, preferably between 2 cm and 5 cm.

As illustrated in Figure 5 , the interior section of the channel 213 at the location of the secondary air intake orifice 212 preferably has a maximum width L1 which is measured according to the lateral vector X and is between 20 cm and 150 cm, preferably between 30 cm and 100 cm, preferably between 40 cm and 80 cm.

As shown in Figure 6 , the interior section of the channel 213 at the location of the secondary air intake orifice 212 preferably has a maximum height H1 which is measured in a direction orthogonal to the lateral vector the location of the secondary air intake orifice 212, and which is between 0.2 cm and 5 cm, preferably between 0.2 cm and 2 cm, preferably between 0.3 cm and 1.5 cm.

Preferably, the interior surface of the channel 214 in the heating device 100 according to the invention comprises an upper face of the channel 215 and a lower face of the channel 216 which are symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry of the channel P which is parallel to the lateral vector Figure 6 . Preferably, the upper face of the channel 215 and the lower face of the channel 216 each extend from the vicinity of the left side wall 131 to the vicinity of the right side wall 141. Preferably, the upper face of the channel 215 and the lower face of the channel 216 each extend from the secondary air intake port 212 to the inlet opening of the channel 211.

Preferably, the interior section of the channel 213 at the location of the secondary air intake orifice 212 is a first rectangle, one side of which is parallel to the lateral vector X.

The mechanical assembly 200 in the heating device 100 according to the invention may further comprise a mechanical spacer part configured to maintain a gap between the upper face of the channel 215 and the lower face of the channel 216, the mechanical part of spacing preferably being a fin or a metal tab, and having a thickness measured in the lateral direction X which is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm. Preferably, the mechanical spacer part does not significantly impact the secondary air flow 220 in the combustion chamber 101 of the heating device 100 according to the invention measured at a distance greater than 3 cm from the orifice. secondary air intake 212.

Preferably, the mechanical assembly 200 of a first heating device according to the invention and which comprises the mechanical spacer part is configured so that a flow of the secondary air flow 220 at a distance greater than 3 cm from the secondary air intake port in the combustion chamber of the first heating device is substantially identical to a flow of the secondary air flow 220 at a distance greater than 3 cm from the air intake port secondary in the combustion chamber of the second heating device according to the invention, the second heating device being identical to the first heating device except in that the second heating device does not include the mechanical spacer part. Verifying that the flow of the secondary air flows 220 in the first and the second heating device are substantially identical can for example be carried out by test or simulation of fluid mechanics in the combustion chamber 101 by finite element method.

Streamer

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention, the inlet opening of the channel 211 is closed by a diffuser 240 comprising at least one orifice of the diffuser 241 as shown in Fig. Figure 6 . Preferably, the orifice of the diffuser 241 is configured to impose a direction of the admission vector of the secondary air flow A. Preferably, a surface of the orifice of the diffuser 242 is coplanar with the surface of the interior section of the channel 217 at the location of the inlet opening of the channel 211. Preferably, the surface of the orifice of the diffuser 242 has symmetry with respect to the plane of symmetry of the channel P. Preferably, the diffuser 241 is configured so that the direction of the admission vector of the secondary air flow A is parallel to the axis of the channel V.

Preferably, the surface of the orifice of the diffuser 242 is rectangular and extends from the vicinity of the left side wall 131 to the vicinity of the right side wall 141. Preferably, a ratio of an area of the surface of the orifice of the diffuser 242 to the area of the surface of the interior section of the channel 217 at the location of the secondary air intake orifice 212 is between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.8 and 1.2, preferably between 1.0 and 1.1.

Intake chamber

The heating device 100 according to the invention further and preferably comprises a secondary air intake chamber 270 as shown in Figure 6 . The secondary air intake chamber 270 is located upstream of the channel 210, and configured so that the secondary air flow 220 enters the combustion chamber 101 passing successively through the secondary air intake chamber 270 , then through the orifice of the diffuser 242, then through the channel 210, then through the secondary air intake orifice 212. The secondary air intake chamber 270 is separated from the channel 210 by the diffuser 242, and has a volume of the secondary air intake chamber 270 which is preferably greater than a volume of the channel 210, preferably greater than two times the volume of channel 210, preferably greater than five times the volume of channel 210.

Tertiary air intake port

In a preferred embodiment of the heating device 100 according to the invention, the combustion chamber 101 further comprises a tertiary air intake port 180 as shown in Figure 3 . The tertiary air intake port 180 is configured to allow passage of a tertiary air flow 181 entering the combustion chamber 101 at an upper end of the fuel insertion opening 111 , and preferably according to a vector -Z opposite the vertical vector Z. For example, the tertiary air intake orifice 180 is contiguous to the front wall 110 and preferably extends from the vicinity of the left side wall 131 to the vicinity of the right side wall 141. The upper end of the fuel insertion opening 111 is a part of the fuel insertion opening 111 located at a maximum distance from the hearth 120 and which preferably extends from the vicinity of the left side wall 131 in the vicinity of the right side wall 141. The upper end of the fuel insertion opening 111 is preferably rectilinear. The tertiary air flow 181 entering the combustion chamber 101 according to the vector - Z preferably sweeps a window included in the door 112 in order to limit a deposit of soot or tar resulting from the combustion of the solid fuel on the window.

Combustion air

In the heating device 100 according to the invention, the combustion chamber 101 comprises a chimney opening 103 as shown in Figure 3 , which is configured to allow fluid communication between the combustion chamber 101 and the chimney of the building, itself in fluid communication with the exterior atmosphere of the building, so that the fumes resulting from the combustion of the solid fuel escape from the combustion chamber 101 through the chimney opening 103 and towards the exterior atmosphere of the building.

The rise in the chimney of the smoke leaving the combustion chamber 101 creates a depression in the combustion chamber 101. This effect is generally called chimney draft. This depression generates a suction force for the combustion air towards the interior of the combustion chamber, so that an opening of one or more air intake orifices causes the arrival of one or more several flows of combustion air from an atmosphere outside the building, as an oxidizer for the combustion of solid fuel.

The heating device 100 according to the invention comprises at least one combustion air intake port, such as the primary grille air intake port 121, the auxiliary primary air intake port front 190, the rear auxiliary primary air intake port, the secondary air intake port 212, the tertiary air intake port 180, each being configured to allow a passage of a flow of combustion air entering the combustion chamber. These combustion air flows can be extracted separately from the exterior atmosphere of the building, or come from a common air flow extracted from the exterior atmosphere of the building. The combustion air flows can be interrupted or partially interrupted by manual or electromechanical mechanical means preferably included in the heating device 100 and configured to interrupt at least one of the combustion air flows, for example a valve system.

References

100

heating device

101

combustion chamber

102

frame

103

chimney opening

110

front wall

111

fuel insertion opening

112

door

120

sole

121

grille primary air intake port

122

primary grille airflow

123

refractory bottom plate

130

left side wall

131

vicinity of the left side wall

132

continuous surface of a left side plate

140

right side wall

141

vicinity of the right side wall

142

continuous surface of a right side plate

150

upper wall

151

lower edge of the upper wall

152

part of the upper wall contiguous to the lower edge of the upper wall

160

rear wall

161

upper edge of the rear wall

162

main part of the rear wall

163

refractory back plate

164

secondary part of the rear wall

170

gap

180

tertiary air intake port

181

tertiary air flow

190

front auxiliary primary air intake port

191

front auxiliary primary air flow

193

part of the combustion chamber adjacent to the front wall and the hearth

200

mechanical assembly

210

channel

211

channel entrance opening

212

secondary air intake port

213

inner section of the channel

214

inner surface of the channel

215

upper side of the channel

216

underside of the channel

217

surface of the inner section of the channel

220

secondary airflow

230

metal profile

231

generator of the metal profile

240

Streamer

241

diffuser orifice

242

diffuser orifice surface

250

metal support element

251

angle iron

252

wing of the angle

260

second metal support element

261

wing of the second angle

270

secondary air intake chamber

Claims (15)

1. Heating device (100) by combustion of a solid fuel, comprising a combustion chamber (101) comprising:

   - a front wall (110) that is normal to a vector of depth Y and comprises an opening for the insertion of fuel (111) that can be closed by a door (112),

   - a plate (120) that is normal to a vertical vector Z, able to support the solid fuel, and preferably comprises a grate primary air intake orifice (121) configured to allow a grate primary air flow (122) to enter into the combustion chamber, a direct orthonormal basis being formed by a side vector X, the vector of depth Y and the vertical vector Z,

   - a left side wall (130) that is normal to a left normal vector L orthogonal to the vertical vector Z, an orientation angle of the left side wall α measured from the side vector X to the left normal vector L in the trigonometric direction being comprised between -30° and 0°, preferably equal to 0°,

   - a right side wall (140) that is normal to a right normal vector R orthogonal to the vertical vector Z, an orientation angle of the right side wall β measured from the side vector X to the right normal vector R in the trigonometric direction being comprised between -180° and -150°, preferably equal to -180°,

   - an upper wall (150) that is normal to an oblique vector W orthogonal to the side vector X, an inclination angle of the upper wall γ measured from the vertical vector Z to the oblique vector W in the trigonometric direction being comprised between 100° and 180°, preferably between 110° and 160°, preferably between 120° and 150°, the upper wall (150) being adjacent to the left (130) and right (140) side walls,

   - a rear wall (160) that is normal to a vector -Y opposite the vector of depth Y and adjacent to the plate (120) and to the left (130) and right (140) side walls,

   - an interstice (170) being present between the rear wall (160) and the upper wall (150) and which preferably extends from the left side wall (130) to the right side wall (140), the interstice (170) being closed by,

   - a mechanical assembly (200), preferably made of metal, preferably made of stainless steel, comprising a channel (210) passing through the interstice and configured to allow a secondary air flow (220) to pass through the channel (210) from an entry opening of the channel (211) to a secondary air intake orifice (212) in the combustion chamber (101),

   characterized in that the secondary air intake orifice (212) in the combustion chamber (101) has an extended shape substantially parallel to the side vector X and that extends from:

   - a left end of the secondary air intake orifice (212) located at a distance comprised between 0 cm and 1 cm from the left side wall (130), said distance being measured parallel to the side vector X, and to

   - a right end of the secondary air intake orifice (212) located at a distance comprised between 0 cm and 1 cm from the right side wall (140), said distance being measured parallel to the side vector X,

   and in that the mechanical assembly (200) is configured so that the secondary air flow (220) supplying the combustion chamber (101) extends continuously between the vicinity of the left side wall (131) and the vicinity of the right side wall (141).
2. Heating device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical assembly (200) further comprises a metal profile (230) extending between the vicinity of the left side wall (131) and the vicinity of the right side wall (141) and such that a generatrix of the metal profile (231) is parallel to the side vector X.
3. Heating device according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the mechanical assembly (200) is further configured so that the secondary air flow (220) enters into the combustion chamber (101) according to an intake vector of the secondary air flow A that is orthogonal to the side vector X, an intake angle of the secondary air flow δ measured from the vertical vector Z to the intake vector of the secondary air flow A in the trigonometric direction being comprised between 90° and 160°, preferably between 110° and 150°, preferably between 120° and 140°.
4. Heating device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rear wall (160) comprises a main portion of the rear wall (162) which is continuous and comprised in a surface of a rear plate (163) formed integrally of a refractory material, preferably a vermiculite, the main portion of the rear wall (162) preferably constituting the entire rear wall.
5. Heating device according to one of the preceding claims, and wherein:

   - the channel (210) extends along an axis of the channel V that is orthogonal to the side vector X and preferably straight, an inner section of the channel (213) being formed by an intersection between a plane normal to the axis of the channel V and an inner surface of the channel (214), a surface of the inner section of the channel (217) being comprised in the plane normal to the axis of the channel V and surrounded by the inner section of the channel (213), an area of the surface of the inner section of the channel (217) being minimal at a location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) and monotonically increasing, preferably linearly, between the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) and a location of the entry opening of the channel (211),

   - a length of the channel Le measured along the axis of the channel V and separating the surface of the inner section of the channel (217) at the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) and the surface of the inner section of the channel (217) at the location of the entry opening of the channel (211) is comprised between 1 cm and 20 cm, preferably between 2 cm and 5 cm,

   - the inner section of the channel (213) at the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) has a maximum width L1 that is measured along the side vector X and is comprised between 20 cm and 150 cm, preferably between 30 cm and 100 cm, preferably between 40 cm and 80 cm, and a maximum height H1 that is measured along a direction orthogonal to the axis of channel V and to the side vector X and is comprised between 0.2 cm and 5 cm, preferably between 0.2 cm and 2 cm, preferably between 0.3 cm and 1.5 cm.
6. Heating device according to claim 5, and wherein the inner surface of the channel (214) comprises an upper face of the channel (215) and a lower face of the channel (216) which are separated by, and preferably symmetrical with respect to, a plane of symmetry of the channel P that is parallel to the side vector X and comprises the axis of the channel V, the upper face of the channel (215) and the lower face of the channel (216) each extending from the vicinity of the left side wall (131) to the vicinity of the right side wall (141), and each preferably extending from the secondary air intake orifice (212) to the entry opening of the channel (211).
7. Heating device according to one of claims 5 to 6, and wherein the inner section of the channel (213) at the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) is a first rectangle one side of which is parallel to the side vector X.
8. Heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, and wherein the entry opening of the channel (211) is closed by a diffuser (240) comprising an orifice of the diffuser (241) and configured to impose a direction of the intake vector of the secondary air flow A, a surface of the orifice of the diffuser (242) being preferably coplanar with the surface of the inner section of the channel (217) at the location of the entry opening of the channel (211), and preferably having a symmetry with respect to the plane of symmetry of the channel P, the diffuser being configured so that the direction of the intake vector of the secondary air flow A is parallel to the axis of the channel V.
9. Heating device according to claim 8, and wherein the surface of the orifice of the diffuser (242) is rectangular and extends from the vicinity of the left side wall (131) to the vicinity of the right side wall (141), a ratio of an area of the surface of the orifice of the diffuser (242) over the area of the surface of the inner section of the channel (217) at the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) being comprised between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.8 and 1.2, preferably between 1.0 and 1.1.
10. Heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, and further comprising a frame (102) able to support elements of the heating device (100) comprising the front wall (110), the plate (120) and the left (130) and right (140) side walls, and wherein the frame (102) and the mechanical assembly (200) are configured so that the mechanical assembly (200) is removable with respect to the frame (102).
11. Heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, and wherein:

    - the upper wall (150) further comprises a lower edge of the upper wall (151) that is preferably an end of the upper wall (150) extending from the left side wall (130) to the right side wall (140) and located at a minimum distance from the plate (120) according to the vertical vector Z,

    - the mechanical assembly (200) further comprises a metal support element (250) configured to receive the lower edge of the upper wall (151) and prevent a displacement of the lower edge of the upper wall (151) along a vector -Z opposite the vertical vector Z, the metal support element (250) being for example a groove, or an angle section (251) of which one flange of the angle section (252) preferably covers a portion of the upper wall contiguous with the lower edge of the upper wall (152).
12. Heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, and wherein the secondary air intake orifice (212) in the combustion chamber (101) has the shape of an elongated slot substantially parallel to the side vector X.
13. Heating device according to claim 6, and wherein the mechanical assembly (200) further comprises a mechanical spacer part configured to maintain a gap between the upper face of the channel (215) and the lower face of the channel (216), the mechanical spacer part preferably being a wing or a metal tab, and having a thickness measured along the side vector X that is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm.
14. Heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a ratio of the area of the surface of the inner section of the channel (213) at the location of the entry opening of the channel (211) over the area of the surface of the inner section of the channel (213) at the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) is comprised between 1.5 and 7, preferably between 2 and 6, preferably between 3.5 and 5.5.
15. Heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein:

    - the height of the channel measured in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the channel V and to the side vector X is minimal at the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) and maximal at the location of the entry opening of the channel (211), and

    - a ratio of the height of the channel at the location of the entry opening of the channel (211) over the height of the channel at the location of the secondary air intake orifice (212) is comprised between 1.5 and 7, preferably between 2 and 6, preferably between 3.5 and 5.5.

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