EP4209708B1 - Festbrennstoff-vergasungserhitzer mit radialer düse - Google Patents

Festbrennstoff-vergasungserhitzer mit radialer düse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4209708B1
EP4209708B1 EP22215893.3A EP22215893A EP4209708B1 EP 4209708 B1 EP4209708 B1 EP 4209708B1 EP 22215893 A EP22215893 A EP 22215893A EP 4209708 B1 EP4209708 B1 EP 4209708B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
gasification
chamber
gasification chamber
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22215893.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4209708C0 (de
EP4209708A1 (de
Inventor
Michal HALADA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bh Property SRO
Original Assignee
Bh Property SRO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bh Property SRO filed Critical Bh Property SRO
Publication of EP4209708A1 publication Critical patent/EP4209708A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4209708C0 publication Critical patent/EP4209708C0/de
Publication of EP4209708B1 publication Critical patent/EP4209708B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/18—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/36—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a conical combustion chamber, e.g. "teepee" incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid fuel gasification heater with a radial nozzle.
  • Known heaters of this concept contain a gasification chamber in the upper part and a combustion chamber in the lower part.
  • the gasification chamber almost always has a square or rectangular cross-section.
  • In the upper part it contains a hole for filling with fuel.
  • the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are separated by a partition.
  • the partition thus forms the bottom of the gasification chamber with its upper surface and the ceiling of the combustion chamber with its lower surface.
  • the partition contains a nozzle (vent or through hole) that connects the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber.
  • the inlet opening (slot) of the nozzle is usually located in the center of the bottom of the gasification chamber.
  • the outlet of the nozzle is located in the wall, which usually forms the ceiling of the combustion chamber.
  • the bottom of the gasification chamber can be horizontal or inclined towards the nozzle.
  • the inclined bottom of the gasification chamber thus has the shape of a four-sided pyramid with the tip at the bottom, with 4 triangular walls or a four-sided channel with a pair of opposing triangular walls and a pair of trapezoidal walls.
  • a heating device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from AT 395 905 B known.
  • the gasification heater works as follows: The fuel turns into gas in the gasification chamber. It flows through the inlet opening into the nozzle, where it burns. The fuel gas flows through the nozzle outlet into the combustion chamber. In the nozzle, air is usually fed into the flame, which promotes combustion. The air is usually fed through an opening in the partition wall that opens into the nozzle.
  • the nozzle is therefore an important element and its quality has a significant influence on the quality of the entire heater. From the functions of the nozzle mentioned above, it becomes clear that the requirements for the spatial arrangement of the nozzle are quite contradictory: the removal of gases and ash requires large dimensions of the nozzle, while the capture of unburned particles or mixing with air requires small dimensions of the nozzle. The ash removal requires multiple inlets in the bottom area, while gas removal requires one inlet in the middle of the bottom. During operation, the walls of the nozzle are exposed to high temperatures (up to 1100° C), gas effects (oxidation and reduction reactions, etc.), ash effects (melting, high-temperature alkaline corrosion, etc.) and mechanical stress from parts of the fuel. This places extraordinary demands on the selection of the materials used.
  • the walls of the nozzle can be made of heat-resistant metal alloys of iron (refractory steel and cast iron). This material is strong and allows you to create any shape (for example, a grate), but its temperature resistance is insufficient and its service life is short.
  • Ceramic is most often used for the walls of the nozzle. Ceramic withstands temperatures well, but is fragile. Its strength, especially in tension, is several times lower than that of metallic materials. Therefore, the ceramic parts must be solid, which imposes significant restrictions on dimensions.
  • nozzle types differ mainly in the shape and number of inlet holes.
  • the most common nozzles are those with an inlet opening and a rectangular cross-section with a clear difference in the sides (elongated). There are also square or round nozzles.
  • the nozzle vent In nozzles with a single inlet opening, the nozzle vent usually follows the inlet opening. The cross-section of the vent widens downwards to prevent parts of the fuel from getting stuck.
  • the outlet opening is therefore usually identical to the inlet opening, but slightly larger.
  • the vents from the individual inlet holes are usually connected to a single outlet hole.
  • each type of nozzle has a different combination of advantages and disadvantages.
  • a square or round nozzle achieves a higher energy value of the gas (and thus the combustion quality) due to its central location in the bottom, but has the disadvantage of a large waste of fuel parts, which are then missing in the gasification chamber. This reduces the efficiency of gasification, while the fuel parts are disruptive in the combustion chamber and worsen the quality of gas combustion.
  • a rectangular nozzle has the advantage (because it is significantly narrower for the same area) that parts of the fuel lose a small drop.
  • its disadvantage is that its ends extend into the peripheral areas of the bottom, where the energy value of the gas is lower. This reduces the overall quality of combustion. The inhomogeneity of the gas flow then worsens the correct mixing with the secondary air. This requires, for example, the need for a homogenization (mixing) chamber behind the outlet of the nozzle, which makes heating more expensive but also more complicated.
  • the effort to achieve the greatest possible share of the above-mentioned advantages leads to the design of nozzles with a relatively small area of the inlet opening, which increases the gas throughput and thus the pressure loss of the nozzle.
  • the heater must be equipped with a fan, while the fan power also increases as the pressure loss of the nozzle increases.
  • High gas velocities locally increase the intensity of oxidation reactions, which increase the temperature due to increased formation of harmful NOX emissions (nitrogen oxides) or cause undesirable melting of ash (slag formation).
  • Nozzles with a larger number of inlet holes have advantageous operating characteristics. However, for reasons of strength, they do not allow the use of ceramic material, so they have to be made of metal. They therefore also have a short lifespan and have to be replaced frequently, which makes them more expensive to operate.
  • Some types of gasification heaters are characterized by a strongly inclined bottom of the gasification chamber towards its center - or the nozzle.
  • the bottom thus forms the shape of a four-sided pyramid with the tip at the bottom. With a sufficient angle of fall (more than 40°), the ash slides down the bottom walls into the nozzle during operation, which is a significant advantage.
  • this type of bottom also has disadvantages. For example, it limits the spatial possibilities of the nozzle, which is why heaters with a strongly inclined bottom usually have a square or round nozzle with the above-mentioned disadvantages (large drop, high gas velocities, large pressure loss).
  • a gasification heater for solid fuels with a radial nozzle containing a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber located below the gasification chamber.
  • the bottom of the gasification chamber is inclined towards the center of the gasification chamber by four inclined walls that form a pyramid shape form, with the tip pointing into the combustion chamber, or forming a trough.
  • the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are separated by a partition through which the nozzle is guided. Its inlet opening is located in the bottom of the gasification chamber and its outlet opening in the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the inlet opening of the nozzle consists of a central slot in the shape of a rectangle or square and radial slots forming four rectangular openings. These are located in the edges between the inclined walls of the bottom of the gasification chamber, creating a radial pattern.
  • the central vent of the nozzle is guided under the central slot.
  • the radial slots are followed by channels that open into the central vent, which forms an outlet opening in the walls of the combustion chamber.
  • the channels are located at an angle of at least 40 °, ie the angle of the bottom of the channels relative to the horizontal plane.
  • the side walls of the channels are mutually open to their lower walls (bottom of the channels).
  • Fig.1 shows a gasification heater 100 (gasification boiler) for the manual addition of solid fuel 6, for example wood.
  • the gasification boiler 100 contains a gasification chamber 4 with a square or rectangular cross-section and a combustion chamber 9 arranged below the gasification chamber 4.
  • the gasification chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 9 are separated by a partition wall 5 which forms the bottom 10 of this gasification chamber 4 on the side of the gasification chamber 4, and the combustion-side chambers 9 form the upper inner wall 7 of this combustion chamber.
  • a nozzle 2 consisting of an inlet opening 1 and an outlet opening 3, is guided through the partition wall 5.
  • the floor 10 of the gasification chamber 4 is clearly inclined towards the centre of the gasification chamber 4 by four inclined walls 11.
  • the walls 11 of the gasification chamber 4, which has a square cross-section, are inclined in the shape of a pyramid ( Fig.2 ).
  • the inclined walls 11 of the gasification chamber 4 with rectangular cross-section are inclined in the form of a channel ( Fig.10 ).
  • the inlet opening 1 of the nozzle 2 at the gasification chamber 4 with square cross-section includes a square central slot 13 and radial slots 14. Below the central slot 13 there is a central vent 15 which forms an outlet opening 3 in the wall 7 of the nozzles 2 of the combustion chamber 9.
  • the central vent opening 15 has the shape of a regular prism with a square profile, the upper part of which has folded corners.
  • the radial slots 14 are formed by rectangular openings arranged in the edges 12 of the bottom 10 of the gasification chamber 4. This creates a radial pattern which resembles a four-pointed star or a cross.
  • the channels 8 leading to the central vent 15 are connected to the radial slots 14 through the nozzles 2.
  • the channels 8 are inclined to the central vent 15 at an angle of at least 40°.
  • the side walls 16 of the channels 8 are mutually open to their lower walls 17 ( Fig. 8 and 9 ).
  • the inlet opening 1 of the nozzle 2 on the gasification chamber 4, which has a rectangular cross-section ( Fig. 11 to 15 , 8 and 9 ) contains a central slot 13 of rectangular shape and radial slots 14. Below the opening 15, a central vent 15 is guided with central slot 13, which forms a combustion chamber wall 7, 9.
  • the combustion chamber wall 7, 9 has an outlet opening 3 and nozzles 2.
  • the central vent 15 has a rectangular profile of variable size.
  • the radial slots 14 are formed by rectangular openings located in the edges 12 of the bottom 10 of the gasification chamber 4 and creating a radial pattern.
  • the channels 8 leading to the central vent 15 are connected to the radial slots 14 by the nozzles 2.
  • the channels 8 are inclined to the central vent 15 at an angle of at least 40°.
  • the side walls 16 of the channels 8 are mutually open to their lower walls 17 ( Fig. 8 and 9 ).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
EP22215893.3A 2022-01-03 2022-12-22 Festbrennstoff-vergasungserhitzer mit radialer düse Active EP4209708B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2022-1A CZ20221A3 (cs) 2022-01-03 2022-01-03 Zplyňovací topidlo na pevná paliva s paprskovitou tryskou

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4209708A1 EP4209708A1 (de) 2023-07-12
EP4209708C0 EP4209708C0 (de) 2024-05-15
EP4209708B1 true EP4209708B1 (de) 2024-05-15

Family

ID=85477724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22215893.3A Active EP4209708B1 (de) 2022-01-03 2022-12-22 Festbrennstoff-vergasungserhitzer mit radialer düse

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4209708B1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ20221A3 (cs)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0154956B1 (en) * 1984-03-16 1988-06-15 UNICAL S.p.A. Burner for a solid fuel-fired steel construction boiler
AT395905B (de) * 1988-03-09 1993-04-26 Prueller Josef Rostfeuerung, insbesondere fuer heizkessel
EP0409790A1 (de) * 1989-07-19 1991-01-23 Willi Hager Feuerungsanlage
EP0563499A1 (de) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-06 Liebi Lnc Ag Holzvergaserkessel
KR100995412B1 (ko) * 2008-07-02 2010-11-18 김일상 화목 보일러
EP2615369B1 (en) * 2012-01-16 2019-05-29 Decona Holding B.V. Heating device
CN203629009U (zh) * 2013-12-17 2014-06-04 迅达科技集团股份有限公司 生物质半气化燃烧常压热水锅炉
CN204176630U (zh) * 2014-09-23 2015-02-25 韩秀峰 生物质气化燃烧常压锅炉
CZ307859B6 (cs) * 2018-03-12 2019-07-03 Blaze Harmony S.R.O. Topidlo na pevná paliva s třípásmovým přívodem spalovacího vzduchu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ309513B6 (cs) 2023-03-15
EP4209708C0 (de) 2024-05-15
EP4209708A1 (de) 2023-07-12
CZ20221A3 (cs) 2023-03-15

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