EP4189309A1 - Anlage und verfahren zur wasserstoffkühlung - Google Patents

Anlage und verfahren zur wasserstoffkühlung

Info

Publication number
EP4189309A1
EP4189309A1 EP21729487.5A EP21729487A EP4189309A1 EP 4189309 A1 EP4189309 A1 EP 4189309A1 EP 21729487 A EP21729487 A EP 21729487A EP 4189309 A1 EP4189309 A1 EP 4189309A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
ejector
circuit
gas
working
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21729487.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bertille GUENEGO
Patrick Le Bot
Axelle GAERTNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP4189309A1 publication Critical patent/EP4189309A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/60—Expansion by ejector or injector, e.g. "Gasstrahlpumpe", "venturi mixing", "jet pumps"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/60—Details about pipelines, i.e. network, for feed or product distribution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation and a method for the refrigeration of hydrogen.
  • the invention relates more particularly to an installation for refrigeration of hydrogen at cryogenic temperature, and in particular for the liquefaction of hydrogen, comprising a hydrogen circuit to be cooled comprising an upstream end intended to be connected to a source of hydrogen and a downstream end connected to a unit for collecting the cooled and / or liquefied hydrogen, the cooling installation comprising a set of heat exchanger (s) in thermal exchange with the hydrogen circuit to be cooled, the installation comprising a cooling device in thermal exchange with the heat exchanger assembly (s), said cooling device comprising a cycle refrigerator for refrigerating a cycle gas in a working circuit, the cycle gas being the hydrogen, the working circuit of the refrigerator comprising a member for compressing the cycle gas, a member for cooling the cycle gas, a member for expanding the cycle gas comprising enant at least one turbine and one cycle gas reheating member.
  • Liquid hydrogen at very low temperature generates, in the phases of storage and loading of trucks, vaporization gases ("Boil-Off gas") which must be recycled to recover both the hydrogen molecule and the gases. frigories contained in cold gas cases.
  • a known means is to send a sub-cooled liquid into the capacity receiving the liquid produced by the liquefier (storage or semi-trailer).
  • Another solution is to use an ejector to return the vaporization gas to fixed storage.
  • an ejector can be used.
  • Ejectors make it possible to pressurize a low pressure flow (the suction fluid) thanks to the expansion of a high pressure flow (the driving fluid).
  • the hydrogen stream to be cooled can be used as a driving fluid.
  • this use of the pressure of the hydrogen to be cooled decreases the possibilities of cooling (by expansion) of said flow to produce an even colder fluid.
  • An aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
  • the installation according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the installation comprising at least one ejector, the admission inlet of which motor fluid is connected, via a set of pipe (s) and valve (s), to the working circuit of the refrigerator downstream of the expansion device, the suction inlet of the ejector being connected to a set of pipe (s) provided with valve (s) having one end intended to be connected to the gas head of at least one mobile tank for transporting liquefied hydrogen, in particular a tank for transporting liquefied hydrogen intended for be filled with liquid hydrogen by the downstream end of the hydrogen circuit, the output of the ejector being connected, via a set of pipe (s) and valve (s), to the working circuit of the refrigerator.
  • embodiments of the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics: the installation comprises several ejectors, the installation comprises at least one liquefied hydrogen transport tank comprising a fluid inlet configured to be removably connected to the downstream end of the hydrogen circuit in order to be filled with cooled hydrogen, the at least one tank comprising a gaseous vaporization gas outlet configured to be removably connected to the suction inlet of the ejector (8) via the assembly of pipe (s) provided with valve (s), the cooling device comprises a pre-cooling member in thermal exchange with a part of the heat exchanger assembly (s), the output flow of the ejector has a pressure between 1.25 bara and 2 bara, and preferably between 1.3 and 1.45 bara, the flow of working fluid is controlled as a function of the outlet pressure of the ejector, said flow being regulated to maintain a constant pressure setpoint at the outlet of the ejector, the working circuit of the refrigerator consists of several heat hangers in series between a hot end of the
  • the invention also relates to a process for refrigerating hydrogen at cryogenic temperature, in particular for liquefying hydrogen, using an installation according to one of any of the above or below features comprising a suction step in the suction inlet of the vaporization gas ejector of a mobile liquefied hydrogen transport tank using as working fluid ejector of the working gas under pressure from the working circuit, the output stream of the ejector being injected into the working circuit.
  • the pressure of the working fluid is between 5 and 10 bara, and preferably between 6 and 7 bara
  • the temperature of the working fluid being between 28 and 35K and preferably between 29.3 and 30K
  • the flow of ejector outlet has a pressure greater than or equal to the pressure of the cycle gas at the coldest level of the working circuit.
  • the invention may also relate to any cooling device or method comprising any combination of the features above or below within the scope of the claims.
  • FIG. 1 which represents a schematic and partial view illustrating an example of the structure and operation of a refrigeration / hydrogen liquefaction installation according to the invention.
  • the installation 1 for refrigeration of hydrogen at cryogenic temperature, and in particular for the liquefaction of hydrogen comprises a circuit 2 of hydrogen to be cooled comprising an upstream end 21 intended to be connected to a source of hydrogen and a downstream end 22 intended to be connected to a unit for collecting the cooled hydrogen (buffer liquid storage 17 and / or tank filling pipe 13).
  • the cooling installation 1 comprises a set of heat exchanger (s) 3, 4 in thermal exchange with the hydrogen circuit 2 to be cooled.
  • the installation 1 comprises a cooling device in thermal exchange with the heat exchanger assembly (s) 3, 4, said cooling device comprising a refrigerator 5 with a cycle of refrigeration of a cycle gas consisting of hydrogen. or containing hydrogen (and / or any other suitable gas, for example helium).
  • At least part of the hydrogen circuit 2, of the exchanger assembly (s) 3, 4 and of the cooling device (its cold part) are preferably housed in a cold box insulated under vacuum.
  • the heat exchangers 3, 4 for the heat of liquefaction and (sub) cooling of the hydrogen are installed in a closed chamber under vacuum. (i.e. at very low pressure).
  • the working circuit of the refrigerator 5 comprises, arranged in series, a member 6 for compressing the cycle gas, a member 3, 4 for cooling the cycle gas, a member 7 for expanding the cycle gas comprising at least one turbine and a member 4, 3 for heating the cycle gas.
  • the compression member 6 comprises for example two compressors in series, the inlets of which are for example at different pressure levels.
  • the exchanger assembly (s) 3, 4 comprises for example two heat exchangers in series, for example counter-current heat exchangers which cool and heat the working fluid simultaneously according to the direction of passage in the circuit of job.
  • the cooling device of the installation 1 can comprise a member 15 for pre-cooling in thermal exchange with a part of the heat exchanger assembly (s) 3, 4, in particular the first exchanger 3 downstream of the compression member 6.
  • This pre-cooling member 15 can use, for example, another refrigerator using, for example, another fluid, for example nitrogen.
  • this pre-cooling member 15 makes it possible to pre-cool the fluid to a temperature between 70 and 100K.
  • the hydrogen refrigerator 5 After this pre-cooling, the hydrogen refrigerator 5 provides additional cooling for the circuit 2 up to the target temperature (hydrogen liquefaction temperature).
  • the working circuit of the refrigerator 5 causes the working fluid to carry out a thermodynamic cycle with a part at relative low pressure (going up from the bottom to the top on the schematic representation) and a part at relative higher pressure (going down from the top to the top). below on the schematic representation).
  • the working fluid (hydrogen) undergoes in particular an expansion in at least one turbine of the expansion member for the production of cold.
  • the installation 1 comprises at least one ejector 8 whose driving fluid inlet inlet is connected, via a set of pipe (s) 9 and valve (s) 10 (in particular isolation valve (s)), to the working circuit of the refrigerator 5 downstream of the expansion member 7, in particular downstream of an expansion turbine.
  • a set of pipe (s) 9 and valve (s) 10 in particular isolation valve (s)
  • the suction inlet of the ejector 8 is connected to a set of pipe (s) 11 provided with valve (s) 12 (in particular with insulation) and having one end which can be connected to the gas overhead of at least one mobile tank 13 for transporting liquefied hydrogen.
  • the suction inlet can be fluidly connected to the gas overhead of a tank 13 for transporting liquefied hydrogen intended to be filled with liquid hydrogen via the downstream end 22 of the circuit 2 of cooled hydrogen from the installation 1.
  • the output of the ejector 8 is connected for its part, via a set of pipe (s) 14 and valve (s) 17, to the working circuit of the refrigerator in order to be able to be reinjected therein.
  • the flow of gas sucked (vaporization gas) from the tanks 13 coming to be connected to the circuit 2 for supplying cooled hydrogen (in particular liquefied) can be for example between 1.01325 and 1.5 bara, and preferably between 1, 15 and 1.3 bara (pressure at the outlet of tank 13 for example).
  • the temperature of this gas can be between saturation and 60K.
  • the flow of driving gas from the ejector 8 used for pressurization is part of the working gas of the hydrogen cooling cycle.
  • This motive gas is gas which has preferably passed through several exchangers and which has been expanded by at least one turbine 7 of the expansion member.
  • this gas used as the motor flow of the ejector 8 is taken at the outlet of the last turbine (if several turbines are in series in the working circuit) and / or from the coldest outlet of the circuit (if several turbines 7 are arranged in parallel in the circuit).
  • the pressure of this driving gas is for example between 5 and 10 bara, and preferably between 6 and 7 bara.
  • the temperature of this motive gas can be for example between 28 and 35K and, preferably between 29.3 and 30K.
  • the gas flow at the outlet of the ejector 8 depends on the performance of the ejector and on the characteristics of the suction flow and of the motor flow.
  • a refrigerator using a refrigeration cycle conventionally subjects a cycle gas (working gas) to a thermodynamic cycle in which the temperature and pressure conditions are determined according to the positions in the cycle.
  • the cycle fluid reaches at a so-called coldest end of the cycle a relatively lowest temperature in the cycle and at determined corresponding pressure conditions.
  • the pressure of the ejector outlet gas stream is at least equal to the pressure of the low pressure working fluid stream of the cooling cycle at its coldest point (of the working circuit), in order to d '' be recycled (injected).
  • This pressure can be for example between 1.25 bara and 2 bara, and preferably between 1.3 and 1.45 bara.
  • the flow has a pressure greater than this pressure of the cycle gas at the coldest end of the cycle.
  • the engine flow rate coming from the outlet of the turbine 7 which passes through the ejector 8 can be controlled as a function of the pressure conditions of the output flow of the ejector 8.
  • the flow rate can in particular be adjusted from so that the pressure set point is constant and slightly higher than the pressure of the low pressure flow of the working fluid in the cooling cycle.
  • the flow rate of the ejector or ejectors 8 depends on the number of tanks 13 (trailers) used and filled at the downstream end 22 of the cooled hydrogen circuit of the installation.
  • the output stream of the ejector 8 must enter the cold box of the liquefier of the installation and be mixed with the low pressure stream of the working fluid of the liquefier cooling cycle. As illustrated, this output stream from the ejector 8 is preferably injected into the working circuit before the return of the working fluid to the compression member 6 (before passing through the exchangers 4, 3 providing heating up to the inlet of the low pressure compressor 6).
  • the mixing (injection) is therefore preferably carried out at the cold end of the last exchanger 4 of the working circuit (above the thermosiphon exchanger if there is one and in the last exchanger 4 in series s' there is no thermosyphon). That is to say that the vaporization gas recovered in the tank 13 is mixed at this point of the working circuit with the possible vaporization gas coming from a fixed storage 16 (if any) and with the gas coming from from the outlet of a thermosyphon (if applicable).
  • the vaporization gas supplied by mobile tanks 13 to be filled with liquid is intermittent because it is linked to the presence of filled trailers 13. Consequently, as illustrated, the ejector (s) 8 should preferably be able to be isolated from the liquefier 8 and from the loading pipes of the trailers 13 by means of a set of isolation valves 10, 12, 17. These valves should be closed when no vaporization gas is to be recovered.
  • ejectors 8 can therefore be arranged and connected in parallel in the installation 1 with respective valves.
  • the recommended number of ejectors 8 is preferably the maximum number of reservoirs 13 that can simultaneously generate vaporization gas at low pressure (which takes place when this or these reservoirs 13 receive liquid from storage 16 through the line 22.
  • a truck can be accommodated in installation 1 without generating these low pressure gases: it may be in the process of being connected, or in the depressurization phase (by generating high pressure vaporization gases which do not require to use the ejector).
  • two or four ejectors can be provided or any other number depending on the installation.
  • valve sets For each ejector 8, the corresponding valve sets must be able to be put into the open or closed position independently, depending on the number of tanks 13 which generate vaporization gas at a given time.
  • This solution makes it possible to recycle a large quantity of vaporization gas streams and to enhance their cold temperature. Compared to current solutions which use the hydrogen flow from circuit 2 to be cooled as the driving gas, this solution makes it possible to save the expansion of this hydrogen flow for a more advantageous use (expansion in a liquid turbine for example) .
  • the invention also makes it possible to reduce the risk of sending impurities to storage 13, because the recovered vaporization gas will be purified again by joining the supply to the installation 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP21729487.5A 2020-07-03 2021-05-27 Anlage und verfahren zur wasserstoffkühlung Pending EP4189309A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2007081A FR3112198B1 (fr) 2020-07-03 2020-07-03 Installation et procédé de réfrigération d’hydrogène
PCT/EP2021/064230 WO2022002494A1 (fr) 2020-07-03 2021-05-27 Installation et procédé de réfrigération d'hydrogène

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4189309A1 true EP4189309A1 (de) 2023-06-07

Family

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US (1) US20230251030A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4189309A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2023531232A (de)
KR (1) KR20230035309A (de)
CN (1) CN116057342A (de)
CA (1) CA3188205A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3112198B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2022002494A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3138194A1 (fr) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-26 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Installation et procédé de liquéfaction d’hydrogène

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4017611A1 (de) * 1990-05-31 1991-12-05 Linde Ag Verfahren zur verfluessigung von gasen
JP2017003185A (ja) * 2015-06-09 2017-01-05 株式会社Ihi 気体液化装置
CN108562111B (zh) * 2018-05-28 2023-07-18 江苏国富氢能技术装备股份有限公司 氢气液化预冷装置
FR3088415B1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2020-10-23 Air Liquide Procede et installation de stockage et de distribution d'hydrogene liquefie

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JP2023531232A (ja) 2023-07-21
CA3188205A1 (en) 2022-01-06
FR3112198A1 (fr) 2022-01-07
KR20230035309A (ko) 2023-03-13
WO2022002494A1 (fr) 2022-01-06
US20230251030A1 (en) 2023-08-10
CN116057342A (zh) 2023-05-02
FR3112198B1 (fr) 2022-07-22

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