EP4127256A1 - Poudre constituée d'un alliage de cobalt/chrome - Google Patents

Poudre constituée d'un alliage de cobalt/chrome

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Publication number
EP4127256A1
EP4127256A1 EP21720394.2A EP21720394A EP4127256A1 EP 4127256 A1 EP4127256 A1 EP 4127256A1 EP 21720394 A EP21720394 A EP 21720394A EP 4127256 A1 EP4127256 A1 EP 4127256A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
content
max
weight
alloy according
alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21720394.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tatiana HENTRICH
Christina Schmidt
Peter Steinbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VDM Metals International GmbH
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VDM Metals International GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VDM Metals International GmbH filed Critical VDM Metals International GmbH
Publication of EP4127256A1 publication Critical patent/EP4127256A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chemical composition for powder made from a cobalt-chromium alloy.
  • cobalt-chromium alloys are their high wear resistance, which is ensured by certain alloy components, especially carbides. These alloys normally have no other solidification phases such as coherent FCC (Co, Ni) 3Ti analogous to g 'phases in nickel-based alloys.
  • the typical carbides in Co-based wear resistant materials are MC, MeC, M7C3 and M23C6 precipitates.
  • M means the following elements: MC ((Ta, Ti, Zr, Nb, W, Cr) C), MeC ((Cr, Mo, W, Co) eC), M7C3 ((Cr, Mo, W, Co) 7C6) and M23C6 ((Cr, Mo, W, Co) 23C6), which are considered essential but not exclusive here. Due to their high wear resistance, these materials are difficult to process. This is why hot isostatic pressing (HIP) gained importance as a process in the manufacture of solid components as well as build-up welding and / or spraying in surface treatments.
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • Stellite TM from Kennametal
  • US R30006 Stellite No. 6
  • this alloy has a good combination of corrosion resistance, wear resistance and hardness.
  • Stellite No. 6 a lower elongation at break of approx. 1%.
  • the strongly segregating elements such as B, Zr and Si reduce the weldability of nickel and nickel-cobalt alloys.
  • B, Zr and Si segregate strongly during solidification and increase the tendency to hot cracks enormously.
  • the processing ability in additive manufacturing processes is impaired by the elements S, O, N, P, Pb.
  • JP S61243143 A discloses a superplastic cobalt alloy with defined grain sizes of ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, consisting of (in% by weight) C 0.15-1.0%, Cr 15.0-40.0%, W or Mo 3.0- 15.0%, B less than 1.0%, Ni 0-20%, Nb 0-1.0%, Zr 0-1.0%, Ta 0-1.0%, Ti 0-3.0% , AI 0-3.0%, Co remainder.
  • US 2017/0241287 A1 discloses a powder metallurgical cobalt alloy consisting of (in% by weight) C 0.05-0.8%, Cr 25.0-32.0%, W 4.0-10.0%, Ni 5 -15%, Fe 0.5-2.0%, Si 0.3-1.5%, Co remainder.
  • a number of elements Ti, V, Y, Zr, Nb, Hf and Ta are defined which are like be described as follows: an element is mentioned first with a weight percentage of 0.01-0.5%, for this another element must be mentioned as a second element, which has a higher group number in the periodic table or a higher period number in the same group and is present in% by weight of 0.01-0.5%.
  • US 2016/0258298 A1 discloses a method for the production of metallic almost final geometry components with examples from various nickel-based and cobalt alloys such as FSX414 and Mar-M-509.
  • EP 3453775 A1 discloses a cobalt alloy and from which parts produced by means of generative manufacturing processes, consisting of (in% by weight) C 0.08-0.25%, B less than 0.1% Cr 10.0-30.0%, W and / or Mo 5.0-12.0%, Ni and Fe in total up to 30%, Fe less than 5.0%, Ti , Zr, Nb and Ta in total from 0.5-2.0%, Si up to 0.5%, Mn up to 0.5%, N from 0.003-0.04%, Co remainder.
  • EP 3278907 A1 discloses a metallic powder based on Ni, Fe and Co of at least 50% by weight. At least one of the following elements is represented in the powder: C, Si, Cr, Mo, Al, Ti, V, W, Nb, Zn, Ta, B, Ag, Cu and Sn and other process-related impurities.
  • the aim of the subject matter of the invention is to provide a titanium-free cobalt-chromium alloy by means of which additive manufacturing with good processability is possible with an almost crack-free structure of components.
  • components made from the alloy according to the invention should have a combination of increased elongation at break and high hardness and thus increased wear resistance, oxidation and corrosion resistance at moderate application temperatures.
  • Another aim is to make the alloy accessible to certain applications.
  • titanium-free cobalt-chromium alloy for powder titanium-free cobalt-chromium alloy for powder, consisting of (in% by weight)
  • Ni + Fe> 3.0 is fulfilled with the contents of Ni and Fe in% by weight Mn 0.005 - 5.0%
  • the further objective is also achieved by a method for producing a powder from this alloy by melting the alloy in a vacuum induction melting furnace and atomizing it in a closed atomization system, the melt being fed through a nozzle to a gas stream with a certain gas flow rate, which solidifies Powder particles are collected in a gas-tight sealed container.
  • the following relationships should preferably be fulfilled, especially after heat treatment:
  • the alloy according to the invention can preferably be used as a powder for additive manufacturing processes and / or with a combination of HIP processes, for HIP processes and for build-up welding and / or coating.
  • the carbon content is between 0.40 and 1.50%, whereby preferably defined contents can be set within the spread range:
  • the Zr content is set to a maximum of 0.03% (contamination). Preferably there is a restriction to: max. 0.025% max. 0.020%
  • the Hf content is also limited to a maximum of 0.015%. Preferably there is a restriction to: max. 0.010% max. 0.008%
  • titanium is restricted with a content of max.0.025% (contamination), whereby Zr + Hf + Ti must meet ⁇ 0.04 with the contents of Zr, Hf and Ti in% by weight.
  • Preferred areas arise for:
  • the Nb content is limited to a maximum of 0.5%. Preferably there is a restriction to: max. 0.4% max. 0.3%
  • Ta is restricted with a content of max. 0.5%, whereby Nb + Ta ⁇ 0.8 with the content of Nb and Ta in% by weight must be.
  • Preferred areas arise for:
  • Nb + Ta ⁇ 0.5% This applies in the same way to the element nickel, which is set in contents between 0.005 and 25.0%. Preferred contents can be given as follows: 0.005 to 24.0%
  • the Mn content is between 0.005 and 5.0%, whereby preferably defined contents can be set within the spread range:
  • the Al content is also limited to a maximum of 0.5%. Preferably there is a restriction to: max. 0.35% max. 0.25%
  • the N content is between 0.0005 and 0.15%, whereby preferably defined contents can be set within the spread ranges:
  • the Si content is limited to ⁇ 0.3%.
  • the element Cu is limited to a maximum of 0.4% in the alloy. Preferably there is a restriction to: max. 0.3%
  • the oxygen content is between 0.0001 and 0.1%.
  • the following restrictions on the oxygen content are conceivable:
  • the B content is limited to a maximum of 0.015%. Preferably there is a restriction to: max. 0.012%
  • the sulfur content is also limited to a maximum of 0.015%. Preferably there is a restriction to: max. 0.010%
  • a method for the production of a powder from a cobalt-chromium alloy according to the invention is presented by melting an alloy in a vacuum induction melting furnace, setting a closed atomization system with a supplied gas, and supplying the melt through a nozzle to a gas flow with a certain gas flow rate the solidified powder particles are collected in a gas-tight container.
  • the powder according to the invention is preferably produced in a vacuum inert gas atomization system (VIGA).
  • VIGA vacuum inert gas atomization system
  • the alloy is melted in a VIM furnace and the liquid melt is kept for 20 minutes to 2 hours for homogenization.
  • the melt is fed into a pouring funnel, which leads to a gas nozzle, in which the molten metal is atomized under high pressure of 5 to 100 bar with inert gas to form metal particles.
  • the melt is heated in the crucible at 5 to 400 ° C above the melting point.
  • the metal flow rate during atomization is 0.5 to 80 kg / min and the gas flow rate is 2 to 150 m 3 / min.
  • the metal particles solidify in a spherical shape (spherical particles).
  • the inert gas used in the atomization can, if necessary, contain 0.01 to 100% nitrogen.
  • the gas phase is then separated from the powder in a cyclone and the powder is then packaged.
  • the particles have a particle size of 5 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, gas inclusions of 0.0 to 4% pore area (pores ⁇ 1 ⁇ m) in relation to the total area evaluated Objects, a bulk density of 2 to the density of the alloy of approx. 8.5 g / cm 3 and are packed airtight under a protective gas atmosphere with argon.
  • the spread range for the particle size of the powder is between 5 and 250 miti, preferred ranges being between 5 and 150 miti or 10 and 150 miti.
  • the preferred ranges are carried out by separating too fine and too coarse particles by means of a sieving and sifting process. These processes are carried out under a protective gas atmosphere and can be carried out once or several times.
  • the inert gas in powder production can optionally be argon or a mixture of argon with 0.01 to ⁇ 100% nitrogen. Possible restrictions on the nitrogen content can be:
  • the inert gas can optionally be helium.
  • the inert gas should preferably have a purity of at least 99.996% by volume.
  • the nitrogen content should be from 0.0 to 10 ppmv, the oxygen content from 0.0 to 4 ppmv and an H2O content of ⁇ 5 ppmv.
  • the inert gas can preferably have a purity of at least 99.999% by volume.
  • the nitrogen content should be 0.0 to 5 ppmv
  • the oxygen content should be 0.0 to 2 ppmv
  • the H2O content should be ⁇ 3 ppmv.
  • the dew point in the system is in the range from -10 to -120 ° C. It is preferably in the range from -30 to -100 ° C.
  • the pressure during powder atomization can preferably be 10 to 80 bar.
  • the parts and components or layers on parts and components produced by means of additive manufacturing are built up from layer thicknesses of 5 to 500 gm and, immediately after production, have a textured structure with grains stretched in the direction of construction with an average grain size of 2 gm to 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the preferred range is between 5 pm and 500 pm.
  • Components can be manufactured with installation space heating and / or with in-situ heat treatment by laser control, as required.
  • the powder described above can be used, if necessary, for the production of the components by means of HIP or conventional sintering and extrusion processes.
  • a process combination of additive manufacturing and subsequent HIP treatment is also possible. It is possible to use the post-processing steps for HIP components described below for additive manufacturing.
  • the alloy according to the invention can also be used for build-up welding on metallic components of any kind. This ensures the high wear resistance, hardness with very good corrosion and oxidation resistance in combination with a crack-free or almost crack-free structure and improved ductility compared to Stellite No. 6 reached.
  • the alloy according to the invention can be suitable for binder jetting processes.
  • this process components are built up in layers.
  • it is locally an organic one Binder introduced, which ensures the cohesion of the powder particles. After the binder has hardened, the so-called green part is freed from the non-bound powder and subsequently debindered and sintered.
  • the methods and extra devices for preheating and post-heating can be advantageous for the alloy according to the invention.
  • EBM processes - electron beam melting can be considered as an example.
  • the powder bed is selectively melted in layers by the electron beam.
  • the process takes place under a flea vacuum. This process is therefore particularly suitable for flare materials that have a lower ductility and / or for reactive materials.
  • the pre- and / or post-heating device can also be implemented in laser-based methods.
  • the parts and components or layers on parts and components produced by means of additive manufacturing and other processes described above can optionally be subjected to flomogenization, stress-relieving, solution and / or precipitation hardening annealing.
  • the heat treatments can, if necessary. under vacuum or protective gas, such as. B. argon or hydrogen, followed by cooling in the furnace, if necessary. under protective gas, in air, in the agitated annealing atmosphere or in a water bath.
  • the components can be annealed at temperatures between 400 ° C and 1250 ° C for 1 h to 300 h under vacuum, air or protective gas for flomogenization or for stress relief. Thereafter, the components can be solution, low-stress or precipitation hardening annealed at temperatures between 400 ° C and 1050 ° C for 0.5 to 30 hours under vacuum, air or inert gas.
  • the surface can optionally be cleaned or processed by pickling, blasting, grinding, turning, peeling, milling. Such processing can optionally take place partially or completely even before the annealing.
  • the parts and components or layers on parts and components produced by means of additive manufacturing and other processes described above have an average grain size of 2 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m after annealing. The preferred range is between 20 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • additive / generative manufacturing can be divided into rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, rapid manufacturing or the like, depending on the application level.
  • the cobalt-chromium alloy according to the invention should preferably be used in areas in which tribological, corrosive and / or oxidative conditions prevail, such as deflection components (diverters), valves, in particular valve seats, brake discs, in particular the wear surfaces of brakes, rollers, rods and / or Replacement for galvanic hard chrome coatings in the oil, gas and automotive industries, as well as turbine construction.
  • deflection components diverters
  • valves in particular valve seats
  • brake discs in particular the wear surfaces of brakes, rollers, rods and / or Replacement for galvanic hard chrome coatings in the oil, gas and automotive industries, as well as turbine construction.
  • the claimed limits for the alloy can therefore be justified in detail as follows: Wear resistance and hardness increase with increasing carbide content. Carbon is primarily responsible for carbide formation.
  • a minimum content of 0.40% C is necessary in order to obtain sufficiently good wear resistance and high hardness. With higher C contents, the processability and weldability deteriorate.
  • the upper limit is therefore set at 1.50%.
  • the volume fraction of carbides increases with increasing W content.
  • solid solution hardening increases the strength of the alloy.
  • a minimum content of 3.0% is necessary in order to achieve a sufficient proportion of carbides.
  • M7C3 carbides are increasingly formed, which increase the tendency of the alloy to crack in all welding processes.
  • higher contents increase the costs very much.
  • the upper limit is therefore set at 8.0% W.
  • a Mo content of at least 0.1% further increases the stability of the desired M23C6 carbides.
  • the processability deteriorates with larger Mo contents.
  • the upper limit is therefore set at 5.0%.
  • CoCr6 has approx. 15% by volume of M7C6 carbides, which are primarily precipitated and start to transform into M23C6 from approx. 1100 ° C.
  • the dissolution of M7C3 blocky carbides and the precipitation of M23C6 carbides is completed at approx. 980 ° C.
  • This phase change brings additional stresses in the material due to the volume changes and crack formation as a result. Therefore, in the alloy according to the invention, the contents of the following elements are deliberately limited, which support the formation of the phases mentioned above.
  • Zr impurity segregates very strongly during the solidification process and increases the tendency to crack.
  • the Zr content is therefore set to a maximum of 0.03%.
  • the Hf content is limited to a maximum of 0.015% and Ti (impurity) to a maximum of 0.025%.
  • the sum of Zr, Hf and Ti is limited to ⁇ 0.04%.
  • Nb and Ta stabilize MC carbides, among others.
  • the contents of Nb and Ta are therefore limited to ⁇ 0.5% in each case, with the sum of Nb and Ta being limited to ⁇ 0.8%.
  • Ni content is sufficiently high, the ductility of the alloy increases. In addition, the vehicle structure is stabilized. If the contents are too high, the strength of the alloy is reduced due to the large increase in the stacking fault energy.
  • the Ni content is therefore limited to 25.0%.
  • the Fe content is limited to a maximum of 15.0%, as higher contents reduce the strength in Co-based alloys. Generally, Fe shows a similar one Effect like Ni. A reduction in strength and an increase in ductility, however, can lead to the formation of undesired phases, such as Laves and Sigma, in the alloy at high contents. Fe contents that are too low lead to increased production costs for the material. The iron content should therefore be greater than 0.005%.
  • Manganese is limited to 5.0%, as this element can increase the tendency to crack during the welding process at higher contents. Mn contents that are too small cannot guarantee the desulphurisation effect in the alloy. The manganese content should therefore be greater than 0.005%.
  • Nitrogen is limited to 0.15% to reduce nitride formation and to limit the tendency to crack during the printing process. Too small N contents cause increased costs in the production of the alloy. The nitrogen content should therefore be greater than 0.0005%.
  • Silicon is limited to less than 0.3%, as this element increases the tendency to crack during the printing process very strongly on the basis of its segregation behavior.
  • the limitation of the Si content enables the increased C content.
  • Copper is limited to 0.4% as this element reduces its resistance to oxidation.
  • the oxygen content should be less than 0.1%, since this element impairs the mechanical properties of the printed components and / or coatings made from the alloy according to the invention. Too low an O content cause increased manufacturing costs of the powder. The oxygen content should therefore be greater than 0.0001%.
  • the P content should be kept as low as possible, as this surface-active element greatly increases the tendency to crack due to the formation of low-melting eutectics during welding processes. A maximum of 0.015% is therefore specified.
  • the boron content should be kept as low as possible, as this surface-active element greatly increases the tendency to crack during welding processes. A maximum of 0.015% is therefore specified.
  • the sulfur content should be kept as low as possible, as this surface-active element forms the low-melting eutectics in all welding processes and supports the tendency towards hot cracks enormously. A maximum of 0.015% S is therefore specified.
  • Pb is limited to a maximum of 0.005%, as this element reduces the workability.
  • Zn, Sn, Bi, V, Y and La is the same.
  • the volume of M23C6 carbides is limited to a maximum of 40 volume%, as the ductility of the material is greatly reduced at higher volumes. Too small a volume fraction of M23C6 carbides reduces the wear resistance of the material. A minimum of 10 volume% M23C6 is therefore required.
  • the volume of M7C3 carbides is limited to a maximum of 10% by volume, as higher phase proportions strongly encourage crack formation.
  • thermodynamic simulations JMatPro and ThermoCalc
  • TTNiss database TTNiss database
  • alloys are given in Tables 1 and 2. Thereby the connections between chemical composition and phase formation are explained. Since thermodynamic simulations without possible diffusion processes during solidification were used for these calculations, the following accompanying elements Cu, P, S, Pb, Zn, Sn, Bi, V, Y, La, which can come in from raw materials or from large-scale production, were not used taken into account in the calculations. The upper limits were set based on the combination of technical experience and economic aspects.
  • the alloys CoCr6 and MP75 are given as typical compositions. Alloy CoCr6 was used as the basis for the development according to the invention. CoCrß in the basic version shows a complex carbide structure.
  • the aim of the development according to the invention was to adapt the compositions based on different C content so that M23C6 carbides form between 10.0% by volume and 40.0% by volume in order to ensure high hardness and wear resistance, and the formation of M7C3 carbides limited to a maximum of 10.0% by volume.
  • the formation of MC and MeC carbides should be reduced as much as possible (to 2% by volume in each case) or suppressed on the basis of their unfavorable morphology.
  • the alloys should, if possible, have no Laves and Sigma phases. This is achieved by adjusting the combination of C, W, Mo, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti.
  • Table 2 Phases of stability ranges: Table 3 shows first exemplary dissolved chemical compositions (aimed at B-12 and B-13 with different Ni contents). It is possible to use laser-based additive manufacturing to produce components with different process parameters without macro-cracks (see Figure 1).
  • FIG. 1 shows a material body built by means of laser-based additive manufacturing with various process parameters (exposure strategies) without macro cracks.
  • Table 3 First exemplary evaporated chemical compositions. Well - not analyzed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un alliage de cobalt/chrome exempt de titane pour une poudre, constitué de (en % en poids) : 0,40 à 1,50 % de C, 24,0 à 32,0 % de Cr, 3,0 à 8,0 % de W, 0,1 à 5,0 % de Mo, la teneur en W et Mo en % en poids satisfaisant à 4,0 < W + Mo < 9,5, 0,5 % au maximum de Nb, 0,5 % au maximum de Ta, la teneur en Nb et en Ta en % en poids satisfaisant à Nb + Ta < 0,8, 0,005 à 25,0 % de Ni, 0,005 à 15,0 % de Fe, la teneur en Ni et en Fe en % en poids satisfaisant à Ni + Fe > 3,0, 0,005 à 5,0 % de Mn, 0,5 % au maximum d'Al, 0,0005 à 0,15 % de N, Si < 0,3 %, 0,4 % au maximum de Cu, 0,0001 à 0,1 % d'O, 0,015 % au maximum de P, 0,015 % au maximum de B, 0,015 % au maximum de S, le reste étant du Co et des impuretés résultant du procédé de production, en particulier 0,03 % au maximum de Zr et 0,025 % au maximum de Ti.
EP21720394.2A 2020-03-26 2021-03-22 Poudre constituée d'un alliage de cobalt/chrome Pending EP4127256A1 (fr)

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DE102020108346 2020-03-26
DE102021106606.9A DE102021106606A1 (de) 2020-03-26 2021-03-18 Pulver aus einer Kobalt-Chromlegierung
PCT/DE2021/100279 WO2021190704A1 (fr) 2020-03-26 2021-03-22 Poudre constituée d'un alliage de cobalt/chrome

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US20230106938A1 (en) 2023-04-06
CN115066510B (zh) 2024-05-28
CN115066510A (zh) 2022-09-16
KR20220130776A (ko) 2022-09-27
DE102021106606A1 (de) 2021-09-30
BR112022013863A2 (pt) 2022-10-04
WO2021190704A1 (fr) 2021-09-30

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