EP4065499B1 - Verfahren zum ermitteln eines verschleisszustands von komponenten einer tragmittelanordnung einer aufzuganlage - Google Patents

Verfahren zum ermitteln eines verschleisszustands von komponenten einer tragmittelanordnung einer aufzuganlage Download PDF

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EP4065499B1
EP4065499B1 EP20811376.1A EP20811376A EP4065499B1 EP 4065499 B1 EP4065499 B1 EP 4065499B1 EP 20811376 A EP20811376 A EP 20811376A EP 4065499 B1 EP4065499 B1 EP 4065499B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parameter
monitored
wear
suspension means
wear state
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4065499A1 (de
Inventor
Florian Dold
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
    • B66B7/1207—Checking means
    • B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/0065—Roping
    • B66B11/008—Roping with hoisting rope or cable operated by frictional engagement with a winding drum or sheave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method by means of which a state of wear of components of a support means arrangement in an elevator system can be determined.
  • the invention further relates to a monitoring device for carrying out or controlling such a method, a computer program product for programming such a monitoring device and a computer-readable medium with such a computer program product.
  • a suspension arrangement serves to move an elevator car and, if necessary, a counterweight within an elevator shaft and, as a rule, also to hold their weight.
  • the support means arrangement comprises several elongated, flexible support means such as ropes, belts or straps.
  • Ropes can be composed of a large number of wires or strands, which are usually made of metal, in particular steel.
  • Belts or straps can also have wires or strands, for example made of steel or fiber materials, as load-bearing elements, which are accommodated in a matrix material such as a polymer or elastomer.
  • the suspension elements are usually moved by a drive machine in order to be able to move the elevator car and the counterweight held by them in opposite directions within the elevator shaft.
  • the suspension elements run in the Generally via a traction sheave that is driven in rotation by the drive machine.
  • the traction sheave can have a profiled surface.
  • the traction sheave for suspension means in the form of ropes can be designed with grooves running in the circumferential direction, into which the ropes can engage in order to achieve sufficient traction between the traction sheave and the ropes.
  • suspension means in the form of belts or straps these can have a profiled surface, for example a V-shaped toothed surface, and the traction sheave can have a complementary profiled surface on its outer surface.
  • suspension elements i.e. in particular the suspension elements, the drive machine with its traction sheave, the deflection pulleys and the anchoring of the suspension elements, as well as other components, can together form the suspension element arrangement.
  • support elements can gradually lose their mechanical load-bearing capacity due to friction with the traction sheave or the deflection rollers and/or due to frequent bending during deflection by the traction sheave or the deflection rollers.
  • the wear can be the result of surface-rubbed material and/or material fatigue and possibly material breakage. Wear on support elements usually leads to a change in their physical properties. In particular, wear on the support elements can lead to a reduced load-bearing capacity of these support elements. In the worst case, support elements can tear.
  • wear on support elements can affect their elasticity. For example, support elements can become more elastic or softer over time, so that it can become difficult, for example, to precisely position an elevator car held to them using these support elements.
  • Signs of wear can also occur on the traction sheave and the deflection rollers.
  • a profiling of a surface of these components can change its structure over time, particularly due to abrasion. Changes to the traction sheave or the deflection rollers due to wear can, among other things, lead to lead to a change in the frictional connection between these components and the support means driven or guided by them.
  • slippage between the traction sheave and driven support means can increase over time due to wear, particularly if the support means expansion modulus changes.
  • the lateral guidance of support means provided by the traction sheave and/or the deflection rollers can also decrease over time due to wear.
  • the diameter of the support means decreases, the conveying radius is reduced and more revolutions of the traction sheave are required over the service life for the same travel distance between two specific floors.
  • a monitoring device for determining the wear state of components of a support means arrangement of an elevator installation is proposed, which is configured to carry out or control an embodiment of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • a computer-readable medium is proposed on which a computer program product according to the third aspect of the invention is stored.
  • a parameter is typically used that Conclusions about this wear are monitored. For example, dimensions of the suspension elements, i.e. the diameter of a rope, are monitored. Other examples include surface structures on the traction sheave or pulleys, magnetic fluxes through suspension elements, expansion behavior of suspension elements or slippage between suspension elements and, for example, the traction sheave.
  • a conclusion is drawn about the current wear state of the respective component from a current measured value of the parameter. For example, the current measured value is compared with a predetermined limit value and if the limit value is exceeded or not reached, it is concluded that the monitored component has reached a critical wear state.
  • a single measurement of a parameter at a single point in time is not to be used to determine the state of wear of a component of the suspension arrangement. Instead, a parameter's course over time is to be monitored. In other words, the aim is to track how the monitored parameter changes over time. To do this, it is generally necessary to measure the monitored parameter continuously or at intervals, for example periodically, and to track the measured values obtained, i.e. to save them, for example.
  • the temporal progression of the parameter determined in this way should not be compared with a single limit value or similar, as is the case with conventional approaches. Instead, the temporal progression determined should be compared with a predetermined expected temporal progression of this parameter.
  • an expected temporal progression of the parameter may have been determined in advance, for example based on experiments, data collected from other elevator systems and their suspension arrangements, simulations or similar.
  • an expected temporal progression of the parameter may also have been determined based on a progression of the parameter previously observed on the same component, i.e., for example, by extrapolating a previously determined progression of the parameter.
  • the parameter to be monitored in terms of its actual temporal progression within the framework of the approach described here should correlate with the wear state of at least a first monitored component of the plurality of components in the support means arrangement. Such a correlation can be expressed in that the parameter changes its value depending on the current wear state of the monitored component, preferably changes in a clearly determined manner.
  • the parameter to be monitored in all embodiments is referred to herein as the first parameter and the additional parameter to be monitored in some embodiments is referred to as the second parameter.
  • Each of the parameters mentioned correlates in some way with the current state of wear of a component of the suspension arrangement.
  • a parameter or its temporal progression also correlates with a future state of wear of the component.
  • the individual parameters can be measured in different ways and can correlate in different ways with the states of wear of the same component or different components of the suspension arrangement.
  • the parameters mentioned can be measured relatively easily and/or precisely, preferably using measuring devices that are structurally simple and therefore cost-effective and/or are already provided in an elevator system.
  • the length of the suspension element i.e. a distance between ends of the suspension element, which are anchored, for example, in the elevator shaft or on one of the components to be moved with the suspension element, often depends strongly on the state of wear of this suspension element. Typically, the length of the suspension element decreases with increasing wear.
  • the length of the suspension element can be measured in different ways, directly or indirectly. For example, a distance between the counterweight held by the suspension element and a buffer provided at the bottom of the elevator shaft can be measured when the elevator car is on the top floor. This distance becomes smaller the longer the suspension element is. This distance can be measured relatively easily and thus allows an accurate conclusion to be drawn about the current length of the suspension element.
  • the elongation properties of the support element i.e. a way in which the support element can be lengthened in response to forces exerted on it, also depend heavily on the wear state of the support element.
  • the elongation properties of the support element can be represented by its modulus of elasticity. They can refer to an elongation elasticity and/or a bending elasticity.
  • the elongation properties can be measured directly, for example by measuring changes in the length of the support element under known mechanical loads.
  • the elongation properties of support elements can also be determined directly, for example using strain gauges or similar attached to the support elements. Alternatively or additionally, the elongation properties can be measured indirectly, for example by monitoring how strong and/or how often a so-called level adjustment has to be carried out.
  • the elevator car With such a level adjustment, the elevator car is stopped at a target position and then changes its level, i.e. its height in the elevator shaft, when the car is loaded or unloaded due to the associated changes in the length of the support elements.
  • the level change is then compensated for by appropriately moving the support elements using the drive machine.
  • the intensity and/or frequency with which such level compensation must be carried out can allow conclusions to be drawn about the current expansion properties of the support elements.
  • the strain and, accordingly, the elastic modulus correlate with the natural frequency of the system.
  • the elastic modulus can be determined by measuring the natural frequency and, conversely, the elastic modulus can be determined by determining the natural frequency.
  • the radial dimensions of suspension elements can decrease over time due to wear, particularly abrasion, and thus represent a suitable measure for determining the current state of wear of suspension elements.
  • the radial dimensions of a suspension element can be measured directly or indirectly.
  • the radial dimensions can be determined using optical sensors.
  • a decrease in the radial dimensions of a suspension element beyond a certain level can be an indication that the suspension element is ready for discard, i.e. that the suspension element should be replaced.
  • Optical properties of the support element can also change over time due to wear. For example, increasing wear can change a color, reflectivity and/or optically recognizable structures such as surface roughness or macroscopic structures on the surface of the support element, for example in the form of protruding wires of a rope. Measuring the optical properties of the support element can therefore enable a relatively simple conclusion to be drawn about its state of wear.
  • the optical properties of a support element can be monitored using suitable sensors such as light sensors, photodiodes, cameras, etc.
  • the magnetic properties of the suspension element often also correlate strongly with its state of wear. Increasing wear can have a significant impact on the magnetic flux occurring in the suspension element, particularly in the case of ferromagnetic suspension elements. Conclusions about the state of wear can be drawn by measuring the magnetic flux through the suspension element, which is relatively easy to carry out.
  • the electrical properties of the suspension element are also influenced in many cases by its state of wear.
  • increasing wear can have a significant influence on the electrical resistance caused by the suspension element.
  • breaks or cracks in individual strands in a suspension element that occur with increasing wear can lead to the electrical resistance that a current conducted through the suspension element has. electrical current, increases over time.
  • the mechanical stress acting on the support elements during operation of the elevator system can also depend on the state of wear of the support elements.
  • wear can have the effect that some of the support elements change more in length than others. Accordingly, the forces to be held by the individual support elements and thus the mechanical stresses acting on the support elements change over time. Such mechanical stresses can be measured relatively easily and thus enable conclusions to be drawn about signs of wear.
  • the traction sheave can have structures such as grooves, slots, webs, axial side limits, etc. on its contact surface, i.e. typically on its outer surface where the support means come into contact with the traction sheave. These structures can be designed to move the support means with the help of the traction sheave with a desired traction or a desired slip and/or to guide them laterally. Over time, these structures can wear out due to wear, i.e. their dimensions can change. For example, grooves on the outer surface of the traction sheave can wear out over time, in particular become rounded or change in terms of their depth. Monitoring the dimensions of such structures can therefore enable conclusions to be drawn about the wear state of the traction sheave. Since the traction sheave also interacts with the support means, it may also be possible to indirectly draw conclusions about the wear state of the support means.
  • the slip that occurs between the support elements and the contact surface of the traction sheave can also change over time due to wear. This can be the result of the previously mentioned changes in the dimensions of the structures on the contact surface of the traction sheave. However, there can also be other wear-related reasons such as an increasing occurrence of dirt on the traction sheave and/or the support elements, for example due to over-lubrication and/or the use of the wrong lubricant.
  • the slip mentioned can be easily measured directly or indirectly. For example, a cabin travel distance covered by the elevator car during a travel process can be compared with a traction sheave travel distance or a pulley travel distance, i.e. with the distance by which the surface of the traction sheave or the deflection pulley shifts during the travel process.
  • the forces exerted by the load-bearing elements on their anchors can be determined, for example, using so-called intelligent fixed points. Fixing the load-bearing elements, for example to an elevator shaft ceiling, does not only serve to hold the load-bearing elements mechanically. Instead, the fixation is also equipped with suitable technical means to be able to determine the forces exerted by the load-bearing element on the fixation.
  • the determined forces or stresses in the fixation or the anchorage can be determined with sufficient precision with relatively little effort in order to be able to draw conclusions about wear conditions within the suspension arrangement, in particular conclusions about wear conditions on various components of the suspension arrangement.
  • a further, second parameter can be monitored with regard to its actual temporal progression.
  • This second parameter can, for example, reflect a physical property of one of the components of the support arrangement which, similar to the case of the first parameter, correlates with the state of wear of the monitored component in question.
  • the second parameter can influence the state of wear of the monitored component, i.e. the second parameter can reflect a physical property that influences how the wear in the component in question changes over time.
  • the second parameter can thus reflect a physical property that is not necessarily a property of the component in question itself, but rather a property of the environmental conditions or boundary conditions in which the component is operated and which influence wear of the component.
  • the component whose wear condition is influenced by or correlates with the second parameter can be the same component as the first Component whose wear condition correlates with the first parameter monitored according to the procedure. However, the components can also differ.
  • the wear state of the first monitored component can then be determined.
  • information about the current and/or future wear state of the first component can be derived both based on the actual temporal progression of the first parameter and a comparison of this progression with the associated predetermined expected temporal progression of the first parameter and based on the actual temporal progression of the second parameter.
  • the first parameter and the second parameter may correlate in different ways with the wear state of the first monitored components.
  • the wear condition of the first monitored component can affect or be influenced by the first and second parameters in different ways. Both parameters then correlate with or influence the wear condition of the monitored component, but the type of qualitative and/or quantitative correlation can differ between the two parameters. Thus, by measuring both parameters, a certain redundancy can be achieved for determining the wear condition. On the other hand, the different types of correlation with the wear condition can lead to a more precise statement being made about the wear condition overall.
  • the first parameter and the second parameter can correlate in an interactive manner with the wear state of the first monitored component.
  • the two parameters to be monitored in the method with regard to their actual temporal progression can advantageously be selected such that the properties they represent interact, i.e. influence each other.
  • the parameters can be selected such that variations in the second parameter influence the wear occurring in the component being monitored in a way that can be detected using the first parameter.
  • an ambient temperature in an elevator shaft that accommodates the support means can be measured as a second parameter.
  • This ambient temperature generally influences the wear that occurs on the support means.
  • the wear state of the support means can then be determined, for example, based on a first parameter that correlates with the wear state of the support means, i.e., for example, a length of the support means to be measured or a modulus of elasticity of the support means, and the ambient temperature can also be taken into account.
  • the ambient temperature and the slip behavior of a belt are correlated.
  • the predetermined expected temporal course of the first parameter can be selected from a plurality of possible predetermined expected temporal courses of the first parameter.
  • the physical properties represented by the second parameter usually influence the temporal progression of wear in a component of the suspension arrangement in a predetermined manner. This can be determined in advance, for example, through experiments, observations on existing elevator systems, calculations or simulations. Accordingly, the expected temporal progression of the first parameter, which correlates with this wear, can differ depending on how the physical property represented by the second parameter actually occurs.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can be the temperature in the area of the support means arrangement, e.g. an air temperature prevailing in the elevator shaft or a temperature measured directly on one of the components of the support means arrangement.
  • This temperature generally influences the wear that occurs over time on the support means arrangement. Wear often increases as the temperature rises.
  • it can be advantageous for the proposed method that the temperature is not measured at a single point in time and then an attempt is made to draw a conclusion about the wear, but that a temporal progression of the temperature is monitored instead. Information about this temporal progression of the temperature or an average temperature calculated from it during a period of time enables a more precise statement to be made about a typically assumed wear within this period of time and thus about an expected temporal progression of the first parameter.
  • statements about the current state of wear of the monitored component can be determined with relatively high accuracy. For example, the condition of the casing of plastic-coated support elements that are subject to aging can be determined in this way.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can be the air humidity in the area of the suspension arrangement.
  • Prevailing air humidity also typically has an influence on wear and tear in a suspension arrangement. For example, increased air humidity can lead to greater wear, e.g. due to corrosion.
  • a conclusion can be drawn as to how wear and tear will develop in the observed period and which temporal progression of the first parameter can be expected accordingly.
  • the actual temporal progression of the first parameter can then be compared with the expected temporal progression of the first parameter predetermined based on the second parameter.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can be the air pressure in the area of the suspension system.
  • the air pressure prevailing during an observation period can also have an influence on the wear occurring in the suspension system, so that the information on the actual temporal
  • the course of the air pressure can in turn be used to realistically predetermine the expected temporal course of the first parameter.
  • the second parameter to be monitored can specify a frequency of trips of an elevator car moved by the suspension arrangement.
  • the frequency with which the elevator car is moved within an observation period using the suspension arrangement naturally also has an influence on the signs of wear that occur on the suspension arrangement.
  • information can be obtained that can then be used to predetermine an expected temporal progression of the first parameter, so that the actually observed temporal progression of the first parameter can be compared with this expected temporal progression in order to draw conclusions about the state of wear of the monitored component.
  • the wear state can be determined based on a deviation of the actual temporal course of the monitored first parameter from a predetermined expected linear temporal course of the first parameter.
  • the monitored actual time course and the predetermined expected time course of the first parameter can be compared with each other permanently or at certain time intervals.
  • a linear progression over time can be assumed, ie it can be assumed that the properties of the monitored component of the support arrangement represented by the first parameter change in a linear manner over time.
  • the way in which the actual progression over time of the monitored first parameter differs from the predetermined expected linear progression over time of this first parameter can enable conclusions to be drawn about current or future wear conditions.
  • the monitored actual temporal progression of the first parameter will also change linearly over time.
  • a proportionality factor reflecting the temporal dependence of the changes can be the same or different for the actual temporal progression and the expected temporal progression.
  • conclusions can be drawn about the current state of wear of the monitored component.
  • the monitored actual temporal progression of the first parameter may initially change linearly, but then its temporal development may change and no longer change linearly depending on time but, for example, change disproportionately or disproportionately.
  • the deviation observed between the actual temporal progression of the first parameter and the predetermined expected linear temporal progression of the first parameter may allow conclusions to be drawn about current and/or future wear conditions.
  • the wear state can be determined based on a reversal of a property of the actual temporal course of the monitored first parameter compared to a previous temporal course of the first parameter.
  • the monitored first parameter develops in a certain direction over a certain period of time, i.e. follows a trend. From a certain point in time, the direction in which the property represented by the first parameter changes can reverse, i.e. to a trend reversal. If such a trend reversal is detected by comparing the actual temporal course of the first parameter with the expected temporal course of the first parameter, this can contain information about the current and/or future state of wear of the monitored component.
  • the expected temporal course of the first parameter in this case can correspond to a previous temporal course of the first parameter.
  • the trend reversal can be detected if the actual temporal course of the first parameter differs significantly over time from a temporal extrapolation of a previous actual temporal course of the first parameter.
  • the wear state can be determined based on a change in sign of a second temporal derivative of the actual temporal profile of the monitored first parameter in comparison to a second temporal derivative of the previous actual temporal profile of the first parameter.
  • the changes that occur over time can be represented by a first temporal derivative of the actual temporal progression of the first parameter. They can follow a trend, i.e., for example, become successively smaller so that the physical property represented by the first parameter appears to be approaching a saturation value. If such a trend changes, this can mean that the changes in the first parameter, which were initially becoming smaller over time, suddenly become larger again. This can typically be accompanied by a change in sign in the second temporal derivative of the actual temporal progression of the monitored first parameter. Such a sudden change in the previous trend and the associated change in sign can be an indication of the presence of a certain state of wear in the component in question.
  • the wear condition can be determined based on an incipient decrease in the elastic modulus of a rope-like support means of the support means arrangement after a preceding successive increase in the modulus of elasticity of the rope-like support means.
  • the load-bearing element can be a rope with a large number of inner and outer strands.
  • the inner strands provide a large part of the load-bearing capacity of the rope and, when in use, take on the majority of the mechanical stresses within the rope.
  • the outer strands surround the inner strands and protect them. Although the outer strands normally contribute to the flexural rigidity of the rope, they only take on a small part of the load-bearing capacity and thus the mechanical stresses in the rope.
  • the rope core (inner strands) has a higher mechanical longitudinal stress than the outer strands in solid steel ropes (in the typical elevator load range between 2 and 8.33% minimum rope breaking load). The stress level of the outer strands is massively lower than that of the rope core due to the stranded structure.
  • the more frequent and stronger stretching of the rope can lead to cracks or breaks in the inner strands.
  • This can mean that the load-bearing capacity of the rope is no longer mainly taken over by the inner strands, as was previously the case, but increasingly by the outer strands.
  • This can lead to a trend reversal in the effective elastic modulus of the entire rope, i.e. after the elastic modulus of the rope has initially decreased gradually, it can suddenly increase again.
  • This trend reversal can be recognized in a change in the sign of the second time derivative of the actual time course of an elastic modulus to be measured or a measured variable that correlates with it.
  • the trend reversal can be an indication that a certain state of wear has developed in the rope or will develop in the future. For example, the trend reversal can be used to conclude that there is wear inside the rope. Strands can no longer withstand the mechanical stresses that would normally be absorbed there and therefore the rope should be discarded, i.e. replaced, in the near future.
  • the predetermined expected temporal course of the first parameter can be predetermined based on a plurality of measured values determined at different elevator systems.
  • the actual temporal progression of the first parameter can be compared with an expected temporal progression of this parameter, which was previously determined by recording measured values on a large number of elevator systems that correspond to or at least correlate with this first parameter.
  • the actual temporal progression of the first parameter detected on a specific suspension arrangement of an elevator system can thus be compared, for example, with previously recorded actual temporal progressions as observed on other elevator systems. Based on such a comparison, in particular based on deviations between the actual temporal progression observed on the specific elevator system and the actual temporal progression of the first parameter previously observed on other elevator systems, conclusions can then be drawn about the current or future wear conditions of the monitored component in the suspension arrangement of the specific elevator system.
  • a monitoring device is described which is configured to implement embodiments of the method described above.
  • the monitoring device can have one or a plurality of sensors with the aid of which the first and/or the second and/or further parameters can be measured.
  • the monitoring device can have sensors for measuring the length of the support means, sensors for measuring expansion properties of the support means, sensors for measuring radial dimensions of the support means, sensors for measuring optical properties of the support means, sensors for measuring magnetic properties of the support means, sensors for measuring electrical properties of the support means, sensors for measuring mechanical stresses within the support means, sensors for measuring dimensions on a structure of the contact surface of the traction sheave, sensors for measuring a slippage occurring between the support means and the contact surface of the traction sheave and/or sensors for measuring forces exerted by the support means on an anchorage.
  • Such sensors can include, for example, optical sensors such as photodiodes or cameras, electrical sensors, mechanical sensors, magnetic sensors, etc.
  • the sensors can generate and forward a measurement signal, in particular an electrical measurement signal, depending on a currently measured parameter.
  • the monitoring device can have an evaluation device in which the measurement signals are received and evaluated.
  • the evaluation device can have a processor with which measurement signals or measurement data can be processed.
  • the monitoring device can have a data memory in which measurement signals can be temporarily stored.
  • the monitoring device can be configured to record measurement signals and, by temporarily storing them, ultimately monitor the actual temporal progression of a parameter.
  • the monitoring device can be connected to a control system of the elevator system in order to be able to exchange data with it.
  • information about the state of wear determined in the monitoring device can be forwarded to the control system of the elevator system.
  • the monitoring device of the elevator system can be connected to a control center, for example, in order to be able to transmit the information about the state of wear determined to the control center.
  • the monitoring device of the elevator system can, if necessary, be connected to monitoring devices of other elevator systems and can exchange data with them.
  • the computer program product proposed according to the third aspect of the invention contains software in the form of computer-readable instructions which a computer which, for example, is part of the monitoring device described above can be, to carry out or control embodiments of the method proposed herein.
  • the computer program product can be formulated in any computer language.
  • the computer program product can be stored on a computer-readable medium.
  • the computer-readable medium can be technically implemented in different ways.
  • the computer-readable medium can be a flash memory, a CD, a DVD or another portable, volatile or non-volatile memory.
  • the computer-readable medium can be part of a network of computers or servers, in particular part of the Internet or part of a data cloud, from which the computer program product can be downloaded.
  • Fig.1 shows a monitoring device for determining a wear condition of components of a support means arrangement in an elevator installation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG.1 shows an elevator system 1 in which a wear condition of components of a suspension element arrangement 5 can be determined with the aid of a monitoring device 3.
  • the elevator system 1 has a cabin 7 and a counterweight 9, which can be moved vertically between different floors 13 within an elevator shaft 11.
  • the cabin 7 and the counterweight 9 can be held and moved using the support means arrangement 5.
  • the support means arrangement 5 has several rope-like support means 15 such as ropes, belts or straps.
  • the support means 15 can be driven with a traction sheave 17 of a drive machine 19.
  • the traction sheave 17 can have a structure adapted to a geometry of the support means 15, for example in the form of grooves, slots or the like, on a contact surface 21 on which the support means 15 rest on the traction sheave 17.
  • the support means 15 are fixed to a ceiling 25 of the elevator shaft 11 via anchors 23.
  • the support means 15 run down to deflection rollers 27, 29, which are attached to the cabin 7 or the counterweight 9, and then run back up to the traction sheave 17 of the drive machine 19. Operation of the drive machine 19 is controlled by an elevator control 31.
  • the elevator control 31 can communicate with the monitoring device 3.
  • a large number of sensors or sensor systems are provided in the elevator system 1, with the help of which parameters can be monitored, which allow conclusions to be drawn about states or properties within the elevator system 1 that correlate with or influence wear states of components of the support means arrangement 5.
  • These sensors or sensor systems can be wired to the monitoring device 3 or be designed to be able to communicate wirelessly with the monitoring device 3 in order to be able to transmit measurement data or measurement signals, which represent parameters measured by them, to the monitoring device 3.
  • a length measuring sensor 35 is provided at a lower end of the elevator shaft 11 near a buffer 33 adjacent to a travel path of the counterweight 9. With the help of this length measuring sensor 35, a distance between the counterweight 9 and the buffer 33 when the counterweight 9 is at its lowest possible position, i.e. when the cabin 7 is arranged on the highest possible floor 13. From the measurement of this distance, a current length of the support means 15, which can change over time, in particular due to material expansion, can be indirectly deduced.
  • a camera 37 can be used for this purpose, the field of view of which is directed at the support means 15. If necessary, this camera 37 can also be used alternatively or additionally to be able to recognize optical properties of the support means, such as a change in surface textures on the support means and/or a change in color, reflectivity, etc.
  • a sensor system 39 can be provided for measuring magnetic properties of the support means 15. With the help of this sensor system 39, for example, a magnetic flux through one of the support means 15 can be measured.
  • a sensor system 41 can be provided for measuring electrical properties of the support means 15.
  • This sensor system 39 can, for example, measure electrical current flows or an electrical resistance through one of the support means 15.
  • the anchors 23 can be designed as intelligent fixed points and can be configured to measure mechanical stresses on or in the support means 15.
  • strain gauges can be provided in the anchors 23, which interact with the support means 15 or their anchored ends. If necessary, the anchors 23 can also be designed to measure forces exerted by the support means on the anchors 23.
  • a sensor system 43 can be provided, with the aid of which dimensions on a structure of the contact surface 21 of the drive pulley 17 can be monitored.
  • a sensor system 43 can, for example, again be implemented with the aid of a camera or other optical sensors, but sensors with different functions can also be used.
  • the monitoring device 3 can receive data and information from the elevator control 31 and/or from further sensors 45, with the aid of which, for example, a current position of the elevator car 7 in the elevator shaft 11 can be determined, on the basis of which further parameters which correlate with the wear of components of the support means arrangement 5 can be inferred.
  • the manner in which, i.e., for example, how often and/or over what distance, level adjustments are carried out by the elevator control 31 when the elevator car 7 stops at a floor 13 can be used to infer the expansion properties of the support means 15.
  • a temperature sensor 47, a humidity sensor 49 and/or an air pressure sensor 51 can be provided in the elevator shaft in order to be able to measure corresponding prevailing conditions in the area of the support means 15.
  • the monitoring device 3 is configured to carry out a method using measurement data, such as can be provided by at least one of the previously described sensors or sensor systems, by means of which information about a current and/or future wear state of components of the support means arrangement 5 can be determined.
  • the monitoring device 3 typically has a data processing device such as a data processor and a data memory in which measurement data can be stored and retrieved at a later time. can be retrieved, and data interfaces via which the monitoring device 3 can exchange data, for example, with the various sensors and sensor systems.
  • a data processing device such as a data processor and a data memory in which measurement data can be stored and retrieved at a later time. can be retrieved, and data interfaces via which the monitoring device 3 can exchange data, for example, with the various sensors and sensor systems.
  • an actual course of a first parameter is monitored continuously or at predetermined time intervals, for example by collecting and tracking measurement data from one or more of the sensors and sensor systems.
  • the first parameter is selected so that it correlates with the wear state of at least one of the components of the support means arrangement 5.
  • the actual temporal course of the first parameter monitored in this way is then compared with a predetermined expected temporal course of this parameter and the wear state of the monitored component is then determined based on a result of this comparison.
  • the current length of the support means 15 can be determined as the first parameter.
  • information can be derived about the actual temporal progression of this parameter, i.e. how the length of the support means 15 changes over time.
  • an expected temporal progression can be predetermined that indicates how the length of the support means typically changes over time. By comparing the actual temporal progression of the length behavior of the support means 15 with the expected temporal progression, a statement can then be made about the current and/or future state of wear of the support means 15.
  • the observed support elements 15 lengthen more rapidly over time than is known and would therefore be expected from support elements serving as a reference.
  • This information can be used to draw conclusions about a progressive state of wear and/or, for example, a point in time at which the support elements 15 will have reached a permissible wear limit.
  • a second parameter is also monitored.
  • This second parameter can correlate with the wear state of the monitored component in a similar way to the first parameter.
  • the second parameter even influences the wear state, i.e. a statement can be derived from it as to how the wear state changes over time.
  • first and second parameters to be monitored are conceivable or advantageous.
  • a temperature prevailing in the elevator shaft 11 or directly on the support means 15 can be monitored as a second parameter, for example using the temperature sensor 47.
  • the state of wear of the support means 15 can then be determined in the above-mentioned example based on the comparison of the actual course of the length of the support means 15 and additionally on the actual course of the measured temperature.
  • a temperature prevailing over a longer period of time influences the wear that occurs in the support means 15 and that the wear can in turn be reflected in a change in the length of the support means 15.
  • an expected temporal course of the length changes in the support means 15 can be predetermined based on the actual course of the temperatures.
  • the expected temporal course of the length changes can be used for comparison with the actual course of the length changes which has resulted for the actual temporal course of the temperature conditions.
  • information about the current and/or future state of wear of components of the support means arrangement 5 can be determined, in particular based on detected deviations of the actual temporal progression of the monitored first parameter from a predetermined expected temporal progression of this parameter, which can be assumed to be linear, for example. Reversals of properties of the actual temporal progression of the monitored parameter or changes in the sign of a second temporal derivative of the actual progression of the monitored parameter can also provide a good indication or a good data basis for determining the state of wear of the monitored component.
  • the expected temporal progression of the first parameter can be predetermined based on a large number of measured values that were measured at various other elevator systems 53.
  • the monitoring device 3 can, for example, communicate with a server 55 that can receive such measured values from the other elevator systems 53 and, if necessary, evaluate and/or temporarily store them.
  • the server 55 can, for example, be part of a data cloud and/or be located in a control center that monitors a large number of elevator systems 53.

Landscapes

  • Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
EP20811376.1A 2019-11-29 2020-11-27 Verfahren zum ermitteln eines verschleisszustands von komponenten einer tragmittelanordnung einer aufzuganlage Active EP4065499B1 (de)

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EP19212626 2019-11-29
PCT/EP2020/083617 WO2021105347A1 (de) 2019-11-29 2020-11-27 Verfahren zum ermitteln eines verschleisszustands von komponenten einer tragmittelanordnung einer aufzuganlage

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EP4065499A1 (de) 2022-10-05
CN114728766A (zh) 2022-07-08
US20230002194A1 (en) 2023-01-05
JP2023503516A (ja) 2023-01-30
WO2021105347A1 (de) 2021-06-03

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