EP4408783A1 - VERFAHREN ZUR ERMITTLUNG EINES VERSCHLEIßZUSTANDS, INSBESONDERE ZUR VORHERSAGE EINER RESTLEBENSDAUER UND/ODER EINER RESTBETRIEBSDAUER, MINDESTENS EINES LAUFENDEN STRANGS EINER DEN MINDESTENS EINEN LAUFENDEN STRANG ZU DEREN BESTIMMUNGSGEMÄßER VERWENDUNG NUTZENDEN VORRICHTUNG, VORRICHTUNG UND COMPUTERPROGRAMMPRODUKT - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUR ERMITTLUNG EINES VERSCHLEIßZUSTANDS, INSBESONDERE ZUR VORHERSAGE EINER RESTLEBENSDAUER UND/ODER EINER RESTBETRIEBSDAUER, MINDESTENS EINES LAUFENDEN STRANGS EINER DEN MINDESTENS EINEN LAUFENDEN STRANG ZU DEREN BESTIMMUNGSGEMÄßER VERWENDUNG NUTZENDEN VORRICHTUNG, VORRICHTUNG UND COMPUTERPROGRAMMPRODUKTInfo
- Publication number
- EP4408783A1 EP4408783A1 EP23777279.3A EP23777279A EP4408783A1 EP 4408783 A1 EP4408783 A1 EP 4408783A1 EP 23777279 A EP23777279 A EP 23777279A EP 4408783 A1 EP4408783 A1 EP 4408783A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strand
- running
- load
- service life
- wear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/54—Safety gear
Definitions
- Method for determining a state of wear, in particular for predicting a remaining service life and/or a remaining operating time, of at least one running strand of a device using the at least one running strand for its intended use, device and computer program product
- the invention relates to a method for determining a state of wear, in particular for predicting a remaining service life and/or a remaining operating time, of at least one running strand of a device that uses the at least one running strand for its intended use, in which a position of strand segments of the at least one running strand is determined during operation of the device.
- the invention further relates to a device that has at least one running strand and a strand guide means for the at least one running strand and a sensor device for detecting a movement speed of the strand guide means and/or a force acting on the at least one strand.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product.
- a running strand is a strand of a device which, when the device is used as intended, i.e. when it is in operation, is moved via strand guide means and is thereby deflected, i.e. bent (see, for example, the German VDI guideline 2358 from 2012, section 5.1).
- Such a device can be, for example, a lifting device or a locking device.
- a lifting device is a device that is designed to move a load, in particular to raise or lower it.
- a lifting device can be a load crane such as a tower crane, a harbor crane, a crawler crane, a luffing crane or an elevator, which can be designed as a passenger or freight elevator. It is understood that an elevator is only intended to move an elevator car with or against a direction of gravity.
- a running line of a lifting device can be designed as a lifting line or as an adjustment line. The lifting line can be used to move a load to be moved with the lifting device in or against the direction of gravity, i.e. up or down, while the adjustment line can be used to move adjustable, for example pivotable, lifting device elements such as booms or so-called trolleys or crane trolleys.
- a closure device can be provided for opening a weir or a lock, in which closure gates, also referred to as gates, can be opened or closed, for example by running chains.
- closure gates also referred to as gates
- the closure gates can be moved horizontally, i.e. from a closed position to an open position or vice versa.
- Strand guide means are all means which guide the running strand during its movement and can, for example, be designed as discs such as rope sheaves, as rollers such as rope pulleys, or as drums such as rope drums, onto which the running strand can be wound or from which the running strand can be unwound.
- Running strands can be designed as ropes, for example as wire ropes, fiber ropes, hybrid ropes, load straps, load belts or load chains.
- running ropes such as wire ropes are used in particular for cranes
- load belts or load straps are used for passenger or freight elevators, for example.
- Load chains are used for locking devices such as locks or weirs, for example.
- a strand segment is a section of the at least one running strand that has a length of at least 0.20 mm, preferably 0.50 to 5.00 mm.
- the inventor has found that a strand segment length between 0.5 mm and 5.00 mm leads to the formation of a particularly precise method in which, surprisingly, even with very long strands such as crane cables, only an insignificant additional computational effort arises, especially if the method is designed as a computer-implemented method or simulation method.
- the sum of the lengths of all strand segments corresponds to a total length L of the at least one running strand.
- the strand segments can also be several centimeters or several meters long. Although the strand segments may be of different sizes, in particular of different lengths, the strand segments are preferably of the same size.
- the total operating time of a strand is defined as "the time between the laying of the [strand] and the achievement of one of the discard criteria specified in the standards”, while the total service life is defined as "the time between the laying and the breakage of the [strand]".
- the total operating time is therefore the time that the strand can be used safely in the device, while the total service life is the time that the strand can be used until it fails. It goes without saying that the total operating time is less than the total service life.
- a strand is considered to be ready for discard if it has to be replaced due to wear in order to be able to continue to operate the device, in particular a lifting device, safely (see, for example, ISO 4309 from 08/2021).
- the state of wear of a running strand in the sense of the present invention can be, for example, its remaining operating time or its remaining service life.
- the remaining operating time and the remaining service life are calculated from the total operating time specified for the running strand or the total service life minus a usage and load-dependent usage time that has already occurred.
- the remaining operating time or the remaining service life can be specified as the number of remaining bending cycles of the at least one running strand, on the basis of which it can be estimated how long the device can still be operated, i.e. how many bending cycles can still take place until the total operating time or the total service life is reached.
- a wear parameter can be the so-called number of bending cycles known to those skilled in the art.
- a curvature of the at least one running strand by a strand guide means causes a bending cycle, whereby a full bending cycle is a curvature from straight to curved to straight.
- a full bending cycle has the number of bending cycles 1.0.
- a strand segment undergoes a full bending change when it is guided completely over a strand guide and is thereby bent twice, once from straight to bent when entering the strand guide and a second time from bent to straight when leaving the strand guide.
- a half bend cycle would be a single curvature from straight to curved or vice versa and would have a bend cycle count of 0.5.
- Further wear parameters can be geometric parameters of the strand guide means of the device, geometric parameters of the at least one running strand such as its diameter or its design and/or a force acting on the at least one strand, in particular a force acting in a longitudinal direction of the at least one strand. Parameters used are those that are relevant to wear and that can be easily determined using appropriate sensors such as weight or force sensors.
- the design of a wire rope is determined, for example, by the number of strands and the number of strand layers (see ISO 4309 from 08/2021).
- the design of a rope can also be referred to as a rope class (see, for example, DIN EN 12385-2 from 2008).
- the groove size of a strand guide device such as a strand guide disk can have an influence on strand wear if, for example, the strand is squeezed into the groove under tensile stress and is thus loaded by transverse forces.
- a diameter of the strand guide means which determines a radius of curvature of the strand during its guidance, is also relevant to wear.
- wear parameters are determined from the aforementioned wear parameters, for example so-called bending cycle factors, which in turn depend on a strand bending length and/or a strand diameter.
- the wear parameters can be used to determine the wear condition of the running strand.
- prediction models that are known, for example, from “Wire ropes - design, operation, safety” (Klaus Freyrer, 3rd edition, Vieweg Verlag, ISBN 978-3-642-54295-4) or ISO 4309 (version: August 2021).
- DE 10 2013 017 1 10 A1 discloses a method and a device for determining the discard readiness of a fiber rope of a tower crane in operation based on a change in the torsional stiffness of the fiber rope. This method is based on the knowledge that the torsional stiffness of a fiber rope increases with increasing load. If a limit value is exceeded, an acoustic or optical signal is displayed to the crane operator, indicating that the rope is ready for discard.
- a device and a method for determining the remaining service life of a fiber rope of a crane are known.
- the parameter used to determine the service life of a rope is a change in the bending stiffness of the fiber rope.
- CN 1031 12781 A describes a method for real-time determination of the service life of a wire rope used in a crane based on a bending cycle distribution. Because each rope can only reach a certain number of bending cycles before it is ready for discard, it is possible to determine in real time when the rope needs to be replaced. The disadvantage of this method is that the discard point is only determined based on the bending cycle distribution and other wear-related factors, in particular the weight of a moving load, are not taken into account. This makes the method known from CN 1031 12781 A very inaccurate. CN 103112781 A also does not take into account any interactions between a lifting line and an adjustment line.
- DE 20 201 1 001 846 U1 describes a method and a device for determining the remaining service life of a fiber rope used in a crane.
- Several parameters are used for this purpose, in particular a so-called indicator profile, which can be embedded in the core of a strand or between fiber strands and which faster than the fiber ropes or fiber strands of the fiber rope show changes under load.
- a detection device records several magnetic, mechanical, optical and/or electronic rope parameters, such as the distance traveled by the rope or the stretching of a section of rope.
- An evaluation unit uses the rope parameters to determine whether the fiber rope is ready to be discarded.
- a method for determining the wear on a winch cable of a snow groomer and for determining the remaining service life is known from DE 10 201 1 080 466 A1.
- sensors record various cable parameters, partly indirectly based on the position of a winch arm or a GPS position of the snow groomer.
- the invention is based on the object of creating a method of the type mentioned at the outset, by means of which a more precise determination of the wear state of a running strand of a device, which can be a lifting or a closing device, is possible, in particular in real time.
- the object is achieved in that for each strand segment of the at least one running strand, when a load position Li of a load moved with the device changes to a subsequent load position L i+1 , at least one wear parameter is determined, from which the wear state of the at least one running strand is determined.
- the load positions Li and L i+i refer to a spatial arrangement of a load which is moved by the device from a first position Li to a subsequent position L i+1 .
- a lifting load is lifted by a crane by 10 m, this would be a change from a first load position L b in which the lifting load is attached to a crane hook to a load position L 2 in which the lifting load is lifted by 10 m.
- a load position L i.e. a closed position of the lock gates
- a load position L 2 i.e. an open position of the lock gates.
- a horizontal movement of the lock gates would put a wear stress on a running line that causes the opening.
- a first strand segment may be the strand segment through which the running strand is connected to a strand guide means such as a rope drum, while a last strand segment may be the one which is connected, for example, to a load-carrying means such as a crane hook.
- At least one wear parameter in particular a number of bending cycles and/or a longitudinal force acting on the strand segment, is determined for each of the strand segments, and from this a remaining service life and/or a remaining operating life is determined for each strand segment.
- relevant wear parameters include a number of bending cycles, a longitudinal force acting on the rope, which is determined by the weight of a lifting load, and a diameter of strand guide means over which the running strand is guided.
- a particularly accurate prediction method is preferably created.
- the inventor has recognized that the strand segment or those strand segments that have the shortest remaining service life or remaining operating time correspond to the remaining operating time or the remaining service life of the running strand. Only those strand segments have to be subjected to an inspection such as a visual inspection, so that the inspection effort for a running strand is significantly reduced by the method according to the invention.
- a correction factor is calculated by which an operating time and/or remaining service life expressed as the number of remaining bending cycles is reduced.
- Such a correction factor which is less than 1 and greater than zero, can be calculated, for example, when a running strand is used with loads of different weights. or if some strand segments of a running strand have the same number of bending cycles as other strand segments, but have been guided over a strand guide that has a smaller diameter than that over which the other strand segments have been guided. The higher the load or the smaller the diameter of the strand guide, the greater the wear of a running strand or of the strand segments affected and the shorter the remaining operating time or the remaining service life of the running strand.
- a wear state can be determined for each change in a load position D.
- a dynamic method is advantageously developed which takes into account the actual changes in load positions and thus enables a more precise determination of the wear state in contrast to methods known from the prior art.
- the position of each strand segment of the at least one running strand is determined on the basis of a position of a strand guide means guiding the at least one running strand and/or a movement speed of a strand guide means guiding the at least one running strand when the load position Li changes to the subsequent load position L i+i .
- a position of the strand segments can be determined by a sensor device with which the device is provided and which comprises a sensor for determining a movement speed of a strand guide means, when the load position Li changes to the subsequent load position L i+1 after specified time steps At at times tj, by using known geometric parameters of the strand guide means and/or a rotational speed of the strand guide means.
- a lifting path by which a load is lifted is determined by the number of revolutions of a rope drum onto which a hoist rope carrying a hoist load is wound during lifting, and its diameter as well as other geometric parameters. This allows the position of each strand segment to be determined at any time t when the hoist load position D changes to the subsequent hoist load position L i+1 .
- adjacent strand segments of the at least one running strand with the same number of bending cycles are combined to form a strand segment group forming strand section and load classes are formed within each strand segment group, whereby strand segments subject to the same wear stress, in particular strand segments guided via strand guide means of the same size and/or loaded with the same longitudinal force, form a load class.
- strand segment groups advantageously creates an efficient process, since a separate wear condition does not have to be calculated for each strand segment, but only for strand segment groups. For example, if a running strand has 100 strand segments that can be combined into three strand segment groups, the wear condition must be determined three times and not 100 times. In particular, the strand segments can be directly adjacent.
- a longitudinal force acting on the strand or its strand segments, a number of bending cycles and a diameter of a strand guide are the relevant wear parameters that are relevant for determining a remaining service life and/or remaining operating time. It is conceivable to include other relevant wear parameters such as a groove depth of a strand guide.
- Strand segments with the same wear stress are in particular those of a strand segment group that were stressed with the same longitudinal force and/or were guided over strand guide means of the same size, in particular over those with the same diameter and the same groove depth. It is conceivable to use other wear parameters such as a strand guide means groove depth.
- a strand segment is guided over a strand guide means with a diameter di, its wear is higher for the same number of bending cycles than if it is guided over a strand guide means with a diameter d 2 , where di ⁇ d 2 .
- the extent to which strands have been changed by strand guide means which, for example, have a particularly small diameter can be determined by a method according to the invention, so that a wear state of the entire running strand can be determined particularly precisely.
- a remaining service life or a remaining operating time is determined in a number of remaining bending cycles and displayed to a user. It is conceivable that the remaining service life or the remaining operating time is indicated to a user of a lifting device as the number of remaining load strokes.
- a load class remaining service life and/or a load class remaining operating time is determined for each load class, and from this a remaining service life and/or a remaining operating time of the string segment group is determined.
- the wear state of the at least one running strand in the load position L i+i is determined starting from the load position E.
- a wear condition in the load position E can be a remaining number of bending cycles until the so-called discard point of the running strand is reached.
- a remaining number of bending cycles until the discard point is reached in the load position L i+1 would result from that in the load position Li minus a number of bending cycles. which is determined by wear when changing the load position Li to the subsequent load position L i+1 .
- the wear state of the at least one running strand is determined on the basis of a damage hypothesis for which a movement of the at least one running strand and a force acting on the at least one running strand are taken into account when the load position Li changes to the subsequent load position L i+1 .
- a damage hypothesis can be an equation in which the values of determined wear parameters are inserted and which outputs a remaining service life or a remaining operating time as a function of the wear parameters. Examples of damage hypotheses can be found in the aforementioned book by Klaus Feyrer, "Wire ropes - dimensioning, operation, safety", particularly in Chapter 3.4 - General calculation method for rope drives.
- more complex damage hypotheses can be used, which also take into account the forces actually acting on the running strand for each strand segment. These forces can be frictional forces between the strand and a strand guide, or transverse forces that occur due to the strand being guided by the strand guide. It is conceivable that by adding geometric parameters of the strand guide, such as its diameter or groove depth and/or width, correction factors can be determined that significantly determine the state of wear, i.e. in particular reduce the remaining operating time and/or the remaining service life.
- the wear condition of at least one running strand is continuously determined during operation of the device.
- a person involved in maintenance or inspection of the at least one running strand can concentrate on those strand sections that have become particularly worn. It is also advantageous to develop a real-time method for determining a state of wear of the at least one running strand.
- a continuous real-time determination of the wear condition advantageously enables a more accurate service life or operating duration prediction as well as the possibility of identifying those string sections that are particularly worn. These can, for example, be additionally inspected intensively.
- a wear state of a lifting strand and/or an adjustment strand of the lifting device in the load position L i+1 is determined, preferably in such a way that interactions of the plurality of running strands are taken into account.
- a load position is a spatial arrangement of a lifting load.
- One running leg can be a lifting leg, while another running leg can be an adjustment leg of the lifting device.
- Interactions between strands occur, for example, when a strand guide means that guides a lifting strand changes its spatial position due to a first movement of an adjusting strand in such a way that the lifting strand experiences more bending cycles, for example due to a second movement, which can be a vertical lifting load movement, than without taking into account the first, horizontal movement of the strand guide means.
- a wear condition of the lifting line in the load position L i+i can be determined by superimposing wear conditions caused by the two movements, which can be considered independently of each other.
- a particularly accurate determination of the state of wear of the running strands of the lifting device is possible and thus a particularly reliable determination of a remaining service life and/or a remaining operating time after which at least one strand must be replaced.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for lifting devices which, for example, have several driven strand drums such as rope drums, for example tower cranes, luffing cranes, mobile cranes, crawler cranes or container loading cranes.
- the method is designed as a computer-implemented method.
- the computer can have a database in which positions of strand guide means, the changeable positions of the strand segments, as well as geometric parameters of the running strand used and the strand guide means are stored.
- a change in the position of each strand segment can be determined using the data stored in the database during the position change.
- a change in the spatial position of a strand guide device can also be taken into account.
- a movement of one of the strand segments that is relevant to wear is detected during this position change, for example via a strand guide, an entry is made in the database in a strand segment data set for this strand segment.
- the strand segment data set can be supplemented with a bending cycle number of 0.5.
- a wear state is calculated and an output signal is generated and output.
- various wear parameters and calculation methods for determining the wear state for example damage hypotheses, can be stored in the database based on the wear parameters.
- wear-relevant geometric parameters of one of the strand guide means that a strand segment has passed when changing the load position Li to the subsequent load position L i+1 can supplement the strand segment data set.
- strand segment groups and/or load classes can be formed and stored in the database, whereby a parameter of the strand segment data set is its membership of a strand segment group and/or a load class.
- the output signal can be a remaining number of bending cycles until the end of service or strand failure or a remaining number of load strokes.
- the at least one wear parameter and/or the wear state of the at least one running strand is displayed graphically over a length of the running strand on a display screen, preferably during or after each change of the load position Li to the subsequent load position L i+1 .
- Such a graphical representation may be a diagram in which the at least one wear parameter and/or the wear state is displayed as a function of a strand position between 0 and a total length L of the running strand.
- a display is made as a function of the strand segments, with a first strand segment starting at position 0 and a last strand segment ending at position L (total length of the strand).
- a change in the at least one wear parameter and/or the wear state of the at least one running strand during the change of the load position E to the subsequent load position L i+1 is continuously displayed graphically over a length of the running strand on a display screen.
- Such a graphical representation can be a diagram that changes after each time step ⁇ t, in which the at least one wear parameter and/or the wear state is displayed as a function of a strand position between 0 and a total length L of the running strand.
- ⁇ t is a time step after which a position determination of strand segments takes place during a change in the load position E to L i+i .
- wear can be tracked in real time while a load position is changing.
- the method is designed as a simulation method in which a wear state of a running strand is predicted when a load position E of a moving load changes to a subsequent load position L i+1 .
- a method according to the invention is designed as a simulation method, a designer of a lifting or closing device can simulate various load cases and determine a wear condition of a running strand of the lifting or closing device. Based on a simulation result, it is conceivable that a design of the lifting or closing device
- the locking device is modified in such a way that a longer remaining operating time or a longer remaining service life of the running strand is achieved under the same load conditions.
- strand guide devices such as rope pulleys can be geometrically modified or their spatial position within the lifting or locking device can be changed.
- a method according to the invention designed as a simulation method makes it possible to design a lifting or closing device that is optimized for strand wear.
- a device according to the invention which is in particular a lifting device or a closing device, is characterized in that the device comprises at least one drive device for moving the at least one running strand and is designed to carry out a method according to the invention.
- a drive device for moving the at least one running strand and would, for example, in a crane, be a drum drive, i.e. a driven rope drum onto which a running hoist rope can be wound and unwound.
- the device itself to have an evaluation device such as a computer. It is conceivable that only sensor data from the device is collected and transmitted wirelessly to the evaluation device by a transmission device, wherein the evaluation device is set up to determine the state of wear, which can be a remaining service life and/or a remaining operating time of the at least one running strand.
- sensor data from various devices operated can be stored and processed centrally.
- a database can be provided in which all sensor data is stored. It is conceivable that historical sensor data can be used to determine the state of wear of the at least one running strand with new or previously unused prediction models or damage hypotheses.
- the method according to the invention can be adapted in continuous operation of the device in such a way that an even more precise determination of the state of wear is possible.
- the device has at least one adjustment strand and/or at least one lifting strand. It is advantageous to determine the state of wear of running strands even for complex devices with many strands, for example for example for cranes such as tower cranes, container loading cranes or other lifting devices.
- a computer program product according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by the computer, cause the computer to carry out a method according to the invention according to claim 7 or 11.
- a high degree of automation is possible by using a computer.
- the wear parameters determined can be saved and called up at any time in order to use them, for example, with other, more precise and more computationally intensive models to determine a state of wear.
- a method is also advantageously created by which the state of wear of at least one running strand can be determined retrospectively, for which purpose stored data can be used.
- Fig. 1 A device according to the invention, which is designed as a lifting device, in five different lifting load positions Li to L 5 ,
- FIG. 2 A further device according to the invention, which is designed as a lifting device and which has a running adjustment cable, in two lifting load positions LT and L 2 ,
- FIG. 3 Method steps of a method according to the invention for determining a wear state of at least one running strand.
- a lifting device 1 designed as a crane, shown schematically in Fig. 1, comprises a running hoist rope 2 with a total length L, which is deflected via a rotatable pulley 3, with a wrap angle of 90 degrees. This means that the hoist rope 2 is deflected by 90 degrees by the pulley 3.
- the running hoist rope 2 is designed as a laid wire rope in this embodiment. At a first end 4, the hoist rope 2 can be wound up and unwound onto a driven rope drum 5 in order to raise or lower a lifting load 6 which is attached to a second end 7 of the rope 2.
- the lifting load 6 moves exclusively against or in the direction of gravity 8, that is to say upwards or downwards, from a lifting load position LT shown in Fig. 1 a to a lifting load position L 2 shown in Fig. 1 b and from the lifting load position L 2 to a lifting load position L 3 according to Fig. 1 c, which corresponds to the lifting load position LT with respect to a position of the lifting load 6.
- a lifting load position L 4 according to Fig. 1 d corresponds to the lifting load position L 2 with respect to a position of another lifting load 9, while a lifting load position L 5 corresponds to the lifting load positions L 3 and LT with respect to a position of the lifting load 9.
- the lifting load positions Li to L 3 do not differ from the lifting load positions L 4 and L 5. Only the lifting load 9 in the lifting load positions L 4 and L 5 is twice as large as the lifting load 6 in the lifting load positions Li to L 3 .
- the hoist rope 2 is subjected to wear, in particular due to deflections, i.e. curvatures when winding or unwinding onto the rope drum 5 or when deflecting by the rope pulley 3. This means that each change in the lifting load position Li to L i+1 causes wear, which changes a state of wear, which can be a remaining service life.
- the distance a is constant, i.e. the rotatable cable pulley 3 and the driven cable drum 5 are arranged stationary relative to one another.
- the lifting device also has a sensor device with two sensors 10, 11, of which a motion sensor 10 is set up to detect a movement speed of the driven cable drum 5 and a weight sensor 11 is set up to determine a mass of the lifting load 6, 9.
- a wireless transmission device (not shown) transmits sensor data from the sensors 10, 11 to an evaluation device (not shown in Fig. 1), which is designed as a computer and is set up to carry out a method according to the invention for determining a wear state of at least one running strand.
- the hoist rope 2 with the total length L is divided into hoist rope segments 12 of equal size, i.e. of equal length, where the total length L is a distance between the ends of the hoist rope. For reasons of clarity, only individual hoist rope segments 12 are shown in Fig. 1.
- each hoist rope segment 12 As well as the fixed position of each wire rope guide means, i.e. the driven rope drum 5 and the rotatable rope pulley 3, are known and stored in a database of the evaluation device designed as a computer.
- a change in position of the lifting cable segments 12 is determined on the basis of the fixed position of the cable drum 5 and the cable pulley 3 in this embodiment and their geometric parameters by the evaluation device, which can determine the positions of the strand segments 12, whereby it is possible to determine overall which lifting cable segments 12 were subjected to alternating bending stress.
- each hoist rope segment 12 is assigned a so-called bending cycle number, i.e. a number of bending cycles that have occurred. Those hoist rope segments that have the same number of bending cycles form a hoist rope section.
- Fig. 1 f shows for each lifting load position LT to L 5 the number of bending cycles (BW) over a length of the lifting rope 2 from 0 to the total length L
- Fig. 1 g shows the total number of bending cycles after reaching the lifting load position L 5 over a length of the lifting rope 2 from 0 to the total length L.
- a plateau 14 comprises those lifting rope segments that were straight in the lifting load position LT and were wound onto the driven cable drum 5 by lifting the lifting load 6, while another plateau 13 comprises those lifting rope segments that were not bent when the lifting load position changed, i.e. were neither wound onto the cable drum 5 nor guided over the cable pulley 3.
- the hoist rope section that has the highest number of bending cycles is relevant for determining the hoist rope's remaining service life or the hoist rope's remaining service life using calculation formulas known from the state of the art (see, for example, Klaus Feyrer, "Drahtseile - Beunk, strig, transport", 3rd edition, Vieweg Verlag, ISBN 978-3- 642-54295-4, Chapter 3.4.4), since the hoist rope segments of this hoist rope section were subjected to the highest stress.
- the method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to identify hoist rope segments that have experienced the greatest wear.
- a visual inspection of the hoist rope 2 can be carried out over its entire length L, but it is possible to concentrate on the hoist rope section(s) 13-17 that are most heavily stressed.
- a remaining service life is, for example, 125,000 bending cycles in the hoist rope section 17 and 155,000 in the hoist rope section 16.
- the remaining service life of the hoist rope 2 is determined by the hoist rope section that has the shortest remaining service life. In this embodiment, this is the hoist rope section 17. Overall, the hoist rope 2 therefore has a remaining service life of 125,000 bending cycles.
- a weight of the lifting load 9 (lifting load positions L 4 and L 5 ) is twice as large as a weight of the lifting load 6 (lifting load positions LT to L 3 ).
- the weight can be determined by the weight sensor 1 1 .
- Each hoist rope section 13-17 forms a hoist rope segment group S1 to S5, where S1 corresponds to the hoist rope section 13, S2 to the hoist rope section 14, etc.
- S1 corresponds to the hoist rope section 13, S2 to the hoist rope section 14, etc.
- the effective hoist load 6 is shown schematically as a hatched rectangle H1 and the effective hoist load 9 is shown schematically as a hatched rectangle H2 in the diagram which shows the number of bending cycles as a function of the hoist rope position.
- a hoist rope segment group S1 to S5 those hoist rope segments 12 that were guided over equally sized pulleys and/or were loaded with the same longitudinal force, which in this embodiment is a hoist load 6, 9, are combined to form a load class K1 for the hoist load 6 and a further load class K2 for the hoist load 9.
- the hoist rope segments 12 of the hoist rope section 17 form two load classes K1 and K2. This is shown in Fig. 1 i as an example for the hoist rope segment group S5.
- a load class service life and/or a load class remaining service life is determined and from this a remaining service life and/or a remaining service life of the hoist rope segment group S1 to S5 is then determined.
- a hoist rope remaining service life and/or a hoist rope remaining service life is determined based on the hoist rope segment group S1 to S5 that has the shortest hoist rope segment remaining service life and/or hoist rope segment remaining service life.
- the remaining service life of the load class K1 1 is 10,000 bending cycles for the load class K1 and 89,000 bending cycles for the load class K2.
- the remaining service life of the hoist rope segment group S5 is determined by the smallest value and is therefore 89,000 bending cycles.
- the higher accuracy is shown compared to a method in which only a number of bending cycles is used to determine wear.
- the remaining service life of the rope 2 according to Fig. 1 g is 125,000 bending cycles
- the remaining service life of the rope according to Fig. 1 i is 89,000 bending cycles, which means that a correction of 36,000 bending cycles has taken place.
- the corresponding correction factor is therefore 0.712.
- the damage hypotheses take into account, for example, wear of the hoist rope due to guidance over rope sheaves, which leads to rope compression, or due to a permanent reduction in the hoist rope diameter caused by tensile loads. Damage hypotheses can be used, for example, for each hoist rope segment, each hoist rope segment group or each load class.
- a very precise determination of the hoist rope's remaining service life or hoist rope's remaining service life can be made, as other relevant, load-dependent wear parameters are taken into account.
- a damage hypothesis it is possible to identify a hoist rope section that has fewer bending cycles than other rope sections, but is more worn due to a higher load from a hoist load.
- the trolley 19 is designed as a carriage that can be moved along a lifting device guide (not shown in Fig. 2).
- the two-part adjustment cable 18, both parts of which are connected to the trolley 19 at their ends, can be wound up and unwound on driven trolley cable drums 21 or 22 to move the trolley 19.
- the adjustment cable 18 is divided into equal-sized adjustment cable segments 23.
- a number of revolutions of the driven trolley rope drum 21 and 22 and a rotation speed can be detected by motion sensors 24.
- the hoist rope 2a can be wound up and unwound on a driven rope drum 5a and is guided over the rotating rope pulley 3a.
- a variable distance of the cable drum 5a from the cable pulley 3a is designated ai, while a variable distance of the trolley cable drum 22 from the trolley 19 is designated bi.
- a variable distance of a lifting load 6a from the cable pulley 3a is designated bi.
- the index i stands for the respective lifting load position in this embodiment and can be 1 or 2.
- the lifting load position Li shown in Fig. 2a and the lifting load position L 2 shown in Fig. 2b are considered.
- This lifting movement is a combination of a lifting component 25 which is caused by a horizontal movement of the trolley 19 in the direction of an arrow 20 and a lifting component 26 which is caused by a movement of the lifting cable 2a of the lifting device 1 a which is wound onto a cable drum 5a.
- Fig. 2c shows a number of bending cycles over a hoist rope length between 0 and a total length L for the two hoist parts 25, 26. To better separate the two movements, the two hoist parts 25, 26 in Fig. 2c are separated from each other by a vertical line 27. A remaining service life of the running hoist rope 2a can be determined from the number of bending cycles shown in Fig. 2c.
- wear of the adjustment cable 18 is determined or that a weight of the lifting load 6a and geometric parameters of the cable pulley 3a and/or the cable drum 5a are included as wear parameters in determining the state of wear. This can be done analogously to the method described for Fig. 1 h and 1 i.
- a first method step 100 at the beginning of a change of a load position Li to a subsequent load position L i+1 , sensor signals from sensors such as motion or weight sensors of the device are recorded at specific times tj and for discrete time steps At.
- a position of strand segments of a running strand of the device is determined for each time tj.
- a computer is preferably provided as an evaluation device on which evaluation software is run in which the positions of strand guide means at time tj as well as their geometric parameters and a course of the running strand between the strand guide means are stored in a database.
- Each strand segment has its own strand segment data set in which wear-relevant parameters of the strand segment as well as its position at each time tj are stored.
- a next method step 1 10 for each time tj, it is determined based on a change in position of each strand segment and with knowledge of the positions of the strand guide means whether a strand segment is experiencing a change in a state of wear. This is the case, for example, if a deflection by a strand guide means, i.e. a bending of the strand segment, occurs.
- Values for a change in the wear state of the strand segments are known to the evaluation software. For example, the value for a full bending cycle is 1.0.
- process step 100 is executed again.
- strand segments with the same number of bending cycles are combined by the evaluation software to form a strand section (process step 140).
- the method steps 100 to 150 or to 160 are carried out until the subsequent load position L i+1 , for example the lifting load position designated L 2 in Fig. 1, is reached.
- a weight of a lifted load can also be taken into account as a wear parameter.
- the weight of the load could be taken into account in method steps 120 and 130 and stored in the strand segment data set of the strand segment.
- wear-relevant geometric parameters of strand guide means such as their diameter or their groove depth can be stored in the strand segment data set for each strand segment that this strand guide means passed when the load position Li changed to L i+1 .
- strand segments with the same number of bending cycles would be combined by the evaluation software to form a strand section, with each strand section forming a strand segment group within which additional load classes with the same wear stress are formed.
- the same wear stress can, for example, be an equal acting longitudinal force, which can correspond to a lifting load, and/or guidance via strand guide means of the same size.
- a load class remaining service life and/or a load class remaining operating life is determined in order to determine a remaining service life and/or a remaining operating life of the strand segment group.
- a remaining service life and/or remaining operating life of the current strand can be determined (method step 150), since this corresponds to the smallest remaining service life and/or remaining operating life of all strand segment groups.
- a particularly precise and fast method is advantageously created.
- a particularly graphical output of a wear parameter and/or a wear state of the running strand over its strand length i.e. a strand position
- the method according to the invention can be designed as a simulation method in which changes in a load position of a lifting device can be determined virtually in a computer using virtual sensor data and the resulting wear on a running rope of the lifting device. The method according to the invention is therefore not dependent on real sensor data.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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LU502921 | 2022-10-19 | ||
PCT/EP2023/076663 WO2024083463A1 (de) | 2022-10-19 | 2023-09-27 | VERFAHREN ZUR ERMITTLUNG EINES VERSCHLEIßZUSTANDS, INSBESONDERE ZUR VORHERSAGE EINER RESTLEBENSDAUER UND/ODER EINER RESTBETRIEBSDAUER, MINDESTENS EINES LAUFENDEN STRANGS EINER DEN MINDESTENS EINEN LAUFENDEN STRANG ZU DEREN BESTIMMUNGSGEMÄßER VERWENDUNG NUTZENDEN VORRICHTUNG, VORRICHTUNG UND COMPUTERPROGRAMMPRODUKT |
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EP4408783A1 true EP4408783A1 (de) | 2024-08-07 |
EP4408783B1 EP4408783B1 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
EP4408783C0 EP4408783C0 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
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EP23777279.3A Active EP4408783B1 (de) | 2022-10-19 | 2023-09-27 | Verfahren zur ermittlung eines verschleisszustands, insbesondere zur vorhersage einer restlebensdauer und/oder einer restbetriebsdauer, mindestens eines laufenden strangs einer den mindestens einen laufenden strang zu deren bestimmungsgemässer verwendung nutzenden vorrichtung und vorrichtung |
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EP (1) | EP4408783B1 (de) |
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DE102004063709B3 (de) | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Abus Kransysteme Gmbh | Verfahren zur Abschätzung der Betriebsdauer eines Seils |
DE202011001846U1 (de) | 2011-01-24 | 2012-04-30 | Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erkennung der Ablegereife eines hochfesten Faserseils beim Einsatz an Hebezeugen |
DE102011080466A1 (de) | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug AG | Verfahren zum Analysieren eines Verschleißzustandes eines Windenseiles und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
CN103112781B (zh) | 2013-02-20 | 2014-12-17 | 大连博瑞重工有限公司 | 起重机钢丝绳弯折次数记录和计算方法 |
DE102013014265A1 (de) | 2013-08-27 | 2015-03-05 | Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erkennung der Ablegereife eines hochfesten Faserseils beim Einsatz an Hebezeugen |
DE102013017110A1 (de) | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Liebherr-Components Biberach Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erkennung der Ablegereife eines hochfesten Faserseils beim Einsatz an Hebezeugen |
NL2012634B1 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2016-06-27 | Ihc Holland Ie Bv | Real-time rope monitoring. |
JP7152226B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 | 2022-10-12 | 株式会社日立産機システム | ワイヤーロープ監視装置およびワイヤーロープ監視方法 |
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- 2023-09-27 CN CN202380073889.3A patent/CN120112473A/zh active Pending
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EP4408783C0 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
WO2024083463A1 (de) | 2024-04-25 |
CN120112473A (zh) | 2025-06-06 |
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