EP4051831B1 - Dispositif pour fabriquer des fibres courtes de polymère électrofilées - Google Patents

Dispositif pour fabriquer des fibres courtes de polymère électrofilées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4051831B1
EP4051831B1 EP20800778.1A EP20800778A EP4051831B1 EP 4051831 B1 EP4051831 B1 EP 4051831B1 EP 20800778 A EP20800778 A EP 20800778A EP 4051831 B1 EP4051831 B1 EP 4051831B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
polymer
dosing
cutting grid
collector medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20800778.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4051831C0 (fr
EP4051831A1 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Klepsch
Michael BERGHOLD
Björn KLEPSCH
Christian EISENMANN
Marco Grugger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Itk Innovative Technologies By Klepsch GmbH
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Itk Innovative Technologies By Klepsch GmbH
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Publication of EP4051831C0 publication Critical patent/EP4051831C0/fr
Publication of EP4051831B1 publication Critical patent/EP4051831B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/26—Formation of staple fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D01D5/0046—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion the fibre formed by coagulation, i.e. wet electro-spinning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing electrospun polymer short fibers, with a metering electrode and a collector medium opposite the metering electrode in the metering direction.
  • thermospinning devices which have a metering electrode for dispensing a polymer solution or a polymer melt and a collector plate opposite the metering electrode in the metering direction.
  • An electric field is applied in a withdrawal area extending between the dosing electrode and the collector plate acting as a counter electrode, as a result of which the polymer solution or melt drops on the dosing electrode are electrostatically charged and stretched under the influence of the electric field until a thin jet extends in the dosing direction
  • Collector plate developed towards. The evaporation of the solvent or the solidification of the melt creates polymer fibers that are deposited on the collector plate.
  • the previously electrospun polymer fibers can first be added to a storage liquid based on an ethanol/water mixture, which, together with the polymer fibers, is cooled below the glass transition temperature of the polymer fibers, as is the case, for example, in WO 2016128195 A1 is described. With the help of a mixer, they become brittle due to the temperature Polymer fibers are then chopped into short fibers and dispersed in the storage liquid.
  • the documents also contain relevant information WO 2006/089529 A1 , CN 109 306 528 A and JP 2012 052271 A .
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a device of the type described at the outset, which enables continuous production of electrospun polymer short fibers.
  • the invention solves the problem in that the collector medium is preceded in the metering direction by a cutting grid which can be heated at least to the softening temperature of the polymer and whose mesh size corresponds to the minimum fiber length.
  • short fibers can be produced continuously within one process step because a primary fiber developing in the withdrawal area extending between the metering electrode and the collector medium first hits the heatable cutting grid and, as it passes through it, is cut into short fibers, which are then deposited on the collector medium. Due to electrostatically caused bending instabilities, the primary fiber essentially describes a trajectory in the withdrawal area, which has a cone extending in the metering direction as an envelope. Consequently, the primary fiber usually hits the cutting grid at an angle of incidence that is acute relative to the cutting grid plane, so that the border sections surrounding the individual grid openings or grid meshes form corresponding cutting edges for the impacting primary fiber.
  • the collector medium can also be a liquid, for example, which forms the reference potential or the counter electrode to the metering electrode by grounding.
  • the liquid can be a corresponding storage liquid, for example an ethanol/water mixture, so that the short fibers can be deposited directly in it and dispersed therein.
  • the collector container containing the storage liquid can comprise a liquid outlet via which the storage liquid, together with the short fibers dispersed therein, can be forwarded, for example, to a filling device.
  • a heating element basically leads to air mass heating and movement in the extraction area due to the formation of convection currents, which in turn can result in an impairment of the trajectory of the primary fiber or premature solidification of the polymer on the metering electrode, it has been shown that heating of the cutting grid to a temperature in a range of +- 20% of the softening temperature, preferably to the softening temperature of the polymer, does not affect the manufacturing process.
  • the softening temperature is understood in particular to mean the melting temperature for semi-crystalline polymers or the glass transition temperature for amorphous polymers.
  • the cutting grid has a mesh size of at least 5 ⁇ m. It has been shown that the fiber length distribution of the short fibers produced can be influenced by changing the mesh size of the cutting grid, although below a mesh size of 5 ⁇ m the primary fiber is no longer cut, but rather due to the increased specific surface area of the cutting grid This is deposited and, if necessary, evaporates before any short fibers can land on the collector medium.
  • the angle of appearance of the primary fiber on the grid meshes fundamentally influences the short fiber length, with a given mesh size x, in particular the frequency of short fibers with fiber lengths I can be increased in a range x ⁇ I ⁇ x* ⁇ 2, where the mesh size x is at least 5 ⁇ m. Since only the projection of the mesh size onto the normal plane to the dosing direction is crucial for the cutting process, the fiber length distribution can be controlled within certain limits using a cutting grid with a specified mesh size by tilting the cutting grid out of that normal plane.
  • the cutting grid is designed as an electrical heating resistor and as a counter electrode to the metering electrode.
  • an electric field is created between the cutting grid and the metering electrode.
  • a heating current flows through the cutting grid between two connection poles, which is generated by two different electrical potentials applied to the cutting grid, which differ significantly from that of the metering electrode, so that the heating currents do not influence the electrospinning process.
  • the cutting grid can be grounded with a connection pole. Because the electrical charges of the short fibers are already largely neutralized on the cutting grid, the short fibers produced can be deposited on or introduced into the collector medium without being hindered by electrical forces.
  • the method can therefore be carried out independently of its electrical conductivity and without the collector medium itself having to act as a counter electrode.
  • the stability and continuity of the manufacturing process can be further improved, especially when using polymers with high melting temperatures, if there is a gap between the metering electrode and the Cutting grid extending extraction area can be cooled via a temperature control fluid.
  • a temperature control fluid for example, the take-off area can be appropriately tempered by supplying cooled air, with the flow speed being chosen so that the stretching of the primary fiber is not impaired.
  • the process conditions can be further improved if the metering electrode itself is cooled via a temperature control fluid, for example if it is surrounded by a cooling air stream. This can prevent the solvent from evaporating prematurely and the released polymer from clogging the metering electrode.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing short polymer fibers using a device according to the invention.
  • an electric field is generated between a metering electrode for dispensing a polymer system and a collector medium for depositing the spun fibers.
  • a primary fiber is pulled away from the metering electrode.
  • a polymer system is understood to mean the polymeric starting material for producing the fibers, i.e. in particular water-soluble, solvent-based and meltable polymers together with any additives and fillers.
  • the primary fiber is heated in sections at least to the softening temperature of the polymer and cut into short fibers, after which the short fibers are deposited on the collector medium.
  • a storage fluid for example a liquid ethanol/water mixture
  • a collector medium for example a liquid ethanol/water mixture
  • the storable short fiber dispersion obtained in this way can subsequently be easily processed further, for example to produce filter materials.
  • a device comprises a metering electrode 1 and a collector medium 3 opposite the metering electrode 1 in the metering direction 2.
  • the collector medium can be a storage liquid for the short fibers produced, for example an ethanol/water mixture located in a collector container 4.
  • a cutting grid 5 In front of the collector medium 3 in the metering direction 2 is a cutting grid 5 which is heated at least to the softening temperature of the polymer and whose mesh size corresponds to the minimum fiber length of the short fibers produced.
  • various polymer systems can be used as starting material, in particular water-soluble, solvent-based and meltable polymers together with any additives and fillers.
  • a polymer solution can serve as the starting material, which comprises mass proportions of approximately 20% of polymethyl methacrylate, approximately 55% of acetic acid and approximately 25% of ethyl acetate as well as optionally additional additives.
  • the softening temperature would be its glass transition temperature, which is around 100° - 110° C.
  • a voltage which can be between 20 kV and 30 kV is applied between the metering electrode 1 and the heated cutting grid 5 and/or the collector medium 3 to generate an electric field.
  • the polymer solution is fed to the withdrawal area 6 via the metering electrode 1 at a throughput of 3 ml/hour to 9 ml/hour, whereby the polymer drop forming on the metering electrode 1 is electrostatically charged and stretched under the influence of the electric field.
  • a primary fiber 7 develops in the withdrawal area 6 due to electrostatically caused Bending instabilities essentially describe a trajectory that has a cone extending in the metering direction 2 as an envelope, as is indicated schematically in the drawing.
  • the primary fiber 7 is heated in sections by the cutting grid 5 at least to the softening temperature of the polymer and is cut into short fibers in that the primary fiber 7 hits the cutting grid 5 at an acute angle of occurrence relative to the cutting grid plane so that the border sections surrounding the individual grid openings or grid meshes form corresponding cutting edges for the impacting primary fiber 7.
  • the short fibers produced in this way which are not shown in detail in the drawing, are subsequently deposited on the collector medium 3 and dispersed therein, so that the short fiber dispersion obtained in this way can be further processed without any problems, for example as a spray base for the production of filter materials.
  • the collector container 4 can have a corresponding liquid outlet, via which the storage liquid, together with the short fibers dispersed therein, can be forwarded to a filling device.
  • the fiber length distribution can be influenced, for example, via the mesh size of the grid mesh of the cutting grid 5.
  • the cutting grid 5 can have a mesh size of at least 5 ⁇ m.
  • the cutting grid 5 is designed as an electrical heating resistor and as a counter electrode to the metering electrode 1. Between two connection poles of a supply unit 8 for the cutting grid 5, a heating current flows through it, which is generated by two different electrical potentials applied to the cutting grid 5.
  • the metering electrode 1 and/or the withdrawal area 6 extending between the metering electrode 1 and the cutting grid 5 can be cooled via a temperature control fluid.
  • undesirable heating of the air in the extraction area 6 due to the heated cutting grid 5, which impairs the trajectory of the primary fiber 7, as well as clogging of the metering electrode 1 can be counteracted, whereby a more stable manufacturing process can be achieved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Dispositif pour la fabrication de fibres courtes polymères électrofilées, comprenant une électrode de dosage (1) et un fluide collecteur (3) opposé à l'électrode de dosage (1) dans la direction de dosage (2), caractérisé en ce qu'une grille de coupe (5) dont l'ouverture de maille correspond à la longueur minimum des fibres et pouvant être chauffée au moins à la température de ramollissement du polymère est posée devant le fluide collecteur (3) dans la direction de dosage (2).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la grille de coupe (5) présente une ouverture de maille d'au moins 5 µm.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la grille de coupe (5) est configurée comme une résistance de chauffage électrique et comme une contre-électrode opposée à l'électrode de dosage (1).
  4. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de dosage (1) et/ou une zone d'écoulement (6) s'étendant entre l'électrode de dosage (1) et la grille de coupe (5) peuvent être refroidies par un thermofluide.
  5. Procédé pour la fabrication de fibres courtes polymères électrofilées avec un dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, selon lequel un champ électrique est généré entre une électrode de dosage (1) pour un système polymère et un fluide collecteur (3) pour la collecte des fibres filées, caractérisé en ce que, du fait du champ électrique, une fibre primaire (7) est d'abord étirée par l'électrode de dosage (1) et la fibre primaire (7) est ensuite découpée en fibres courtes par le chauffage par sections au moins à la température de ramollissement du polymère, après quoi les fibres courtes sont déposées sur le fluide collecteur (3).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les fibres courtes sont déposées sur un fluide porteur faisant office de fluide collecteur (3) et dispersées dans celui-ci.
EP20800778.1A 2019-10-28 2020-10-28 Dispositif pour fabriquer des fibres courtes de polymère électrofilées Active EP4051831B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50926/2019A AT522881B1 (de) 2019-10-28 2019-10-28 Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von elektrogesponnenen Polymerkurzfasern
PCT/AT2020/060382 WO2021081573A1 (fr) 2019-10-28 2020-10-28 Dispositif pour fabriquer des fibres courtes de polymère électrofilées

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4051831A1 EP4051831A1 (fr) 2022-09-07
EP4051831C0 EP4051831C0 (fr) 2024-01-10
EP4051831B1 true EP4051831B1 (fr) 2024-01-10

Family

ID=73059337

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20800778.1A Active EP4051831B1 (fr) 2019-10-28 2020-10-28 Dispositif pour fabriquer des fibres courtes de polymère électrofilées

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20220372660A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4051831B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2022554233A (fr)
CN (1) CN114929954B (fr)
AT (1) AT522881B1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2022005006A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021081573A1 (fr)

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US3869268A (en) * 1973-12-11 1975-03-04 Ppg Industries Inc Method and apparatus for chopping fibers
GB2174419B (en) * 1984-02-08 1989-01-05 Asahi Chemical Ind Low temperature draft-cutting process and apparatus for preparation of discontinuous filament bundles
US5585052A (en) * 1994-08-10 1996-12-17 The Dow Chemical Company Process for the preparation of polybenzazole staple fiber
JP3171313B2 (ja) * 1995-12-01 2001-05-28 松下電器産業株式会社 繊維状固体電解質の製造方法および製造装置
KR20000061750A (ko) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-25 박종근 다색 플로킹 날염장치
KR100549140B1 (ko) * 2002-03-26 2006-02-03 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 일렉트로-브로운 방사법에 의한 초극세 나노섬유 웹제조방법
US20080296808A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2008-12-04 Yong Lak Joo Apparatus and Method for Producing Electrospun Fibers
DE102005009212A1 (de) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Philipps-Universität Marburg Erfindung betreffend die Dimensionierung von Meso- und Nanostrukturen
DE102005024433A1 (de) * 2005-05-24 2006-02-16 Zimmer Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schneiden von NMMO-haltigen Spinnfäden sowie für Zellulose-Stapelfasern
US20110180951A1 (en) * 2006-09-18 2011-07-28 Wee Eong Teo Fiber structures and process for their preparation
US20100035045A1 (en) * 2008-01-21 2010-02-11 Imerys Pigments, Inc. Fibers comprising at least one filler and processes for their production
CN101538746B (zh) * 2008-03-17 2010-12-15 国家纳米科学中心 取向可控静电纺丝纳米聚合物纤维的制备方法
JP5493215B2 (ja) * 2010-09-03 2014-05-14 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 繊維片製造方法
EP3056532A1 (fr) 2015-02-12 2016-08-17 Universität Bayreuth Poudre de fragments d'au moins une nanofibre polymère
EP3251647A1 (fr) * 2016-05-31 2017-12-06 Drylock Technologies N.V. Structure absorbante comprenant une couche de libération
CN106945310A (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-07-14 江苏九鼎新材料股份有限公司 一种玻璃纤维拉挤格栅连续化生产线
WO2018139651A1 (fr) * 2017-01-30 2018-08-02 帝人フロンティア株式会社 Procédé de production de fibres courtes non frisées et tissu non tissé obtenu par voie humide comprenant des fibres courtes non frisées obtenues
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CN109306528B (zh) * 2018-10-11 2021-06-25 浙江农林大学暨阳学院 一种多孔结构纳米短纤维膜的制备装置及其制备方法
JP7344040B2 (ja) * 2019-08-08 2023-09-13 株式会社東芝 電界紡糸装置及びセパレータ一体型電極の製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114929954B (zh) 2024-03-12
AT522881A4 (de) 2021-03-15
EP4051831C0 (fr) 2024-01-10
JP2022554233A (ja) 2022-12-28
US20220372660A1 (en) 2022-11-24
WO2021081573A1 (fr) 2021-05-06
CN114929954A (zh) 2022-08-19
MX2022005006A (es) 2022-08-10
EP4051831A1 (fr) 2022-09-07
AT522881B1 (de) 2021-03-15

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