EP4026962B1 - Formwork support, formwork support device and method for moulding a shuttering assembly - Google Patents

Description

• ein oberes Stützenteil,
• ein unteres Stützenteil und
• eine Absenkeinrichtung zum Absenken des oberen Stützenteils von einer Stützstellung zur Abstützung eines Schalungsaufbaus in eine Ausschalstellung zum Abbau des Schalungsaufbaus.

The invention relates to having a formwork support

• an upper support part,
• a lower support member and
• a lowering device for lowering the upper support part from a support position for supporting a formwork structure into a dismantling position for dismantling the formwork structure.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a formwork support device with at least one such formwork support and with a formwork structure which is supported on the formwork support.

Finally, the invention relates to a method for stripping a formwork arrangement.

The FR 2 823 521 describes an arrangement of support devices, each with a motor and a control device, which is set up to keep the difference in height of the support devices to one another below a defined threshold value by means of a remote control on the basis of a sensor signal. At the support device of FR 2 823 521 therefore only the differences in height between the uprights are compensated for. The output signal from the system (or the input signal from the control device) is therefore a position signal. According to the FR 2 823 521 a post is lowered with an unspecified speed profile, while the other posts follow this position signal and thus have the same speed profile. A damper is also shown. The damper acts on a nut, which rotates a spindle when it is lowered. The spindle is connected to a geared motor. When lowering, the geared motor can be used as a brake to control the lowering movement. However, this also does not show that the upper support part is retracted at a constant lowering speed, independent of the load.

GB2,526,883 discloses a landing gear with a hydraulic raising and lowering device. The support device can be lowered through the outlet valve. However, it is not mentioned that the lowering speed would be constant and independent of a vertical load. It is only described that the outlet valve allows the fluid to escape slowly.

The FR 3 028 281 also describes a hydraulic support device in which the lowering is controlled by a valve. However, only the position is controlled via the flow.

The WO 2011/131977 A1 shows a landing gear with a screw mountable motor. With this motor, the screw no longer has to be turned by hand. However, the WO 2011/131977 A1 no details on the way the motor is controlled.

From the FR 2 815 064 a generic support device for supporting a formwork is known. The support device has a shaft and a slide, which together form a telescopic unit. Furthermore, a damping device for damping the downward movement of the slider is provided. The damping device has a vertical hydraulic drive with a cylinder chamber and a piston that can be displaced therein, the piston of which acts on the slide. The cylinder chamber communicates with a compensation chamber via a valve assembly. On the one hand, this is intended to achieve a slow downward movement. On the other hand, the slider should be able to be lifted manually with little resistance.

In practice, however, it has proven to be disadvantageous that the supporting device of the FR 2 815 064 not working properly in many applications. If the formwork was supported with several such support devices, the problem could arise that the formwork arrangement sagged more quickly in some places. This can be dangerous for the operators present and can lead to damage to parts of the formwork assembly. In addition, the stripping process can be impeded.

More formwork props are out EP 0 715 041 A1 and KR 2017/0003881 A1 known.

Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to alleviate or eliminate at least individual disadvantages of the prior art.

This object is achieved by a formwork support having the features of claim 1 and by a formwork support device having the features of claim 9 and a method having the features of claim 11.

According to the invention, the lowering device has a brake unit which is set up to brake the lowering of the upper support part to a substantially constant lowering speed, essentially independently of a vertical load acting on the upper support part between the support position and the stripping position.

Accordingly, the braking unit according to the invention can ensure that the lowering movement from the upper supporting position to the lower stripping position takes place at essentially the same lowering speed given different vertical loads. The support position is set up to support the formwork arrangement and the concrete during a concreting process. In contrast, the stripping position is intended to enable the removal or dismantling of formwork elements from the formwork arrangement. The essentially constant lowering speed of the upper support part is preferably between 0.5 and 50, in particular between 1 and 20 millimeters per second. For the purposes of this disclosure, the mentioned independence of the lowering speed from the vertical loads means that the lowering speed is essentially at least 200 Newtons to 30,000 Newtons, in particular 100 Newtons to 50,000 Newtons, at least in the case of bearing or vertical loads (in addition to the dead weight of the upper support part). is constant. This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the formwork arrangement is supported with several formwork supports according to the invention. Due to the brake unit, different vertical loads on the formwork props do not affect the lowering speed, so that the individual formwork props can be lowered evenly in the direction of the stripping position.

For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms of location and direction, such as "up", "down", "upper", "lower", etc., relate to the intended use condition of the formwork prop, in which the formwork prop is in a substantially vertical position is arranged.

In order to prevent an unintentional lowering of the formwork prop during concreting or to be able to lower the formwork prop after concreting, it is favorable if a securing element has a securing position for securing the upper support part in the support position and a release position for releasing the lowering of the upper support part is provided.

The securing element can in particular have a plug-in part, for example a socket pin or a clip-in clip, which in the securing position is inserted in one of several vertically spaced holding openings in the upper support part in such a way that the lowering of the upper support part relative to the lower support part is blocked. By pulling the plug-in part out of the holding opening of the upper support part, the release position is reached, from which the upper support part can be lowered relative to the lower support part.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the lowering device is set up to lower the upper support part independently and at a substantially constant lowering speed from the support position to the stripping position by arranging the securing element in the release position. This means that the transfer of the securing element into the release position not only releases but also triggers the lowering movement of the upper support part. In use, therefore, it is only necessary to bring the securing element into the release position in order to initiate the lowering of the upper support part from the support into the stripping position. This enables the formwork prop to be operated particularly easily without impairing safety.

According to an embodiment not according to the invention, the brake unit a preferably hydraulic linear damper, in particular a cylinder-piston damper. This linear damper is designed to bring about the lowering of the upper support part from the support position to the stripping position with essentially the same lowering speed under different vertical loads. The linear damper has a damping medium, for example an ionized liquid, an oil, a gas, a solid, for example a granulate, or a medium whose state of aggregation changes during operation.

In order to enable the formwork support to be lowered independently of the load, in a favorable embodiment the preferably hydraulic linear damper has a flow control valve, in particular with a pressure compensator. In a preferred embodiment, the flow of the damping medium is regulated by means of the pressure compensator, also referred to as a differential pressure regulator, so that a pressure and thus a load compensation can take place. The flow control valve preferably has a throttle with a line cross-section, the pressure detected upstream and downstream of the throttle changing the flow by means of the pressure compensator in such a way that it remains constant. For this purpose, the pressure compensator preferably has a pressure compensator spring. The flow control valve can be designed, for example, as an oil flow control valve with pressure compensation. Linear dampers as such are known per se in the prior art, so that further explanations in this regard may be superfluous.

According to the invention, the lowering unit has a spindle with an external thread and a bearing element with an internal thread, the bearing element with the internal thread engaging in the external thread of the spindle.

When the upper support part is lowered, a relative rotary movement is generated between the spindle and the bearing element such that the upper support part is lowered from the upper position (support position) to the lower position (opening position) at a substantially constant lowering speed. With regard to a structurally simple, stable construction, the spindle can be rotatably mounted on the lower or upper support part, with the bearing element being non-rotatably connected to the upper or lower Support part is connected. The spindle is preferably rotatably mounted on the lower support part, with the bearing element being connected to the upper support part in a rotationally fixed manner. However, the spindle can also be rotatably mounted on the upper support part, the bearing element then being non-rotatably connected to the lower support part.

Depending on the dimensions of the formwork support, the spindle preferably has a length of 20 to 2000 mm, in particular 300 to 800 mm, in order to enable it to be lowered from the support position during concreting into the stripping position after concreting.

The bearing element can be designed as a nut with an internal thread, in which the external thread of the spindle engages. In this embodiment, when the upper support part is lowered, the spindle is set in rotary motion by the threaded engagement with the bearing element and is held or guided at the same time. Here, the nut primarily absorbs the radial forces occurring in the course of the movement of the bearing element relative to the spindle. The bearing element can also be designed in such a way that both radial and axial forces can be absorbed.

A particularly stable mounting can be achieved if the lower support part has at least one roller bearing or one rotary bearing, in particular a ball bearing, for the spindle on a support foot. Of course, a sliding bearing can also be used.

With regard to a part-saving and stable design, the bearing element is fixed to the upper support part by means of a positive, non-positive or material connection. It is particularly favorable here if the bearing element is fixed to the upper support part via a crimp connection.

Depending on the design, the bearing of the spindle on the bearing element can already be designed via the frictional forces generated during thread engagement in such a way that a lowering speed independent of the load is set, which is suitable for a gentle lowering process from the support to the stripping position.

This can be realized by appropriate design of the external thread of the spindle and the internal thread of the bearing element such that the rotational speed or the rotational speed of the spindle in the bearing element is set to a substantially constant, load-independent lowering speed.

The braking unit has a brake for braking the relative movement between the spindle and the bearing element or for achieving a substantially constant relative rotary movement of the spindle in the bearing element.

An additional brake (i.e. different from the external thread of the spindle and the internal thread of the bearing element) is provided here, which increases the braking force in proportion to the increase in the speed of the spindle in order to brake the relative movement between the spindle and the bearing element and thus the relative rotary movement of the spindle in the To keep bearing element essentially constant.

According to the invention, such brakes are mechanical or electrical. However, further options are known to those skilled in the most varied designs, such as hydraulic, magnetic, electromagnetic or also centrifugal brakes, rotary brakes, eddy current brakes or the like.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the brake is arranged in the lower support part, preferably on its lower end area.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the brake is arranged on the bearing element. In this embodiment, the brake can have a ball drive, a clamp or a shoe, for example.

In order to achieve a compact formwork prop with a high safety standard for the operators, the lowering device is arranged inside the upper or lower prop part. Accordingly, the lowering device completely hidden inside the upper and/or lower support part.

If the upper support part is designed as an inner tube, which is inserted into the lower support part designed as an outer tube, a stable, telescopic formwork support can be achieved.

In the case of the formwork support device mentioned at the outset, a plurality of formwork supports are provided which are arranged in a substantially vertical position at a horizontal distance from one another. This arrangement allows different vertical loads to be applied to the individual formwork props in use. For example, at least one formwork support can be provided in an edge area of the formwork structure and at least one formwork support can be provided in a central area of the formwork structure. In use, the formwork prop in the central area has to absorb higher vertical loads than the formwork prop in the edge area. Due to the braking unit, however, the formwork support in the central area is lowered from the support position into the stripping position at essentially the same lowering speed as the formwork support in the edge area.

• Abstützen der Schalungsanordnung auf mehreren Schalungsstützen;
• Gleichzeitiges Absenken von oberen Stützenteilen der Schalungsstützen mit im Wesentlichen derselben, konstanten Absenkgeschwindigkeit.

The method mentioned at the outset for stripping a formwork arrangement has at least the following steps:

• supporting the form assembly on a plurality of form supports;
• Simultaneous lowering of upper prop parts of the formwork props at essentially the same, constant lowering speed.

As previously mentioned, the formwork props are often subjected to different vertical loads when they are lowered, with the braking unit ensuring that the formwork props are lowered at the same speed, regardless of the vertical load that is acting in each case.

• Fig. 1A zeigt eine Schalungsstützvorrichtung mit mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsstützen in einer Stützstellung, bei welchen eine Bremseinheit dafür sorgt, dass die Absenkung von der gezeigten Stützstellung in eine Ausschalstellung lastunabhängig erfolgen kann.
• Fig. 1B zeigt die Schalungsstützvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1, wobei die Schalungsstützen in einer abgesenkten Ausschalstellung dargestellt sind.
• Fig. 2A, 2B, 2C zeigen jeweils eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Schalungsstütze, welche in der Darstellung der Fig. 2A in der Stützstellung, der Fig. 2B in einer Zwischenstellung und der Fig. 2C in der Ausschalstellung angeordnet ist.
• Fig. 3 zeigt eine weitere Ansicht der Schalungsstütze gemäß Fig. 2A.
• Fig. 4 zeigt eine Detailansicht der in Fig. 3 hervorgehobenen Details.
• Fig. 5 zeigt eine schaubildliche Ansicht der Schalungsstütze gemäß Fig. 3, 4.
• Fig. 6A, 6B, 6C zeigen jeweils eine erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsstütze, welche in der Darstellung der Fig. 6A in der Stützstellung, der Fig. 6B in der Zwischenstellung und der Fig. 6C in der Ausschalstellung angeordnet ist.
• Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Ansicht der Schalungsstütze gemäß Fig. 6C.
• Fig. 8 zeigt eine Detailansicht der in Fig. 7 hervorgehobenen Details.

The invention is further described below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

• Figure 1A shows a formwork support device with several formwork supports according to the invention in a support position, in which a brake unit ensures that the lowering from the support position shown into a dismantling position can take place independently of the load.
• Figure 1B shows the formwork support device according to FIG 1 , wherein the formwork supports are shown in a lowered stripping position.
• Figures 2A, 2B, 2C each show a non-inventive formwork prop, which in the representation of Figure 2A in the support position, the Figure 2B in an intermediate position and the Figure 2C is arranged in the open position.
• 3 shows another view of the formwork prop according to Figure 2A .
• 4 shows a detailed view of the in 3 highlighted details.
• figure 5 shows a perspective view of the formwork prop according to Figures 3, 4 .
• Figures 6A, 6B, 6C each show a formwork prop according to the invention, which in the representation of Figure 6A in the support position, the Figure 6B in the intermediate position and the Figure 6C is arranged in the open position.
• 7 shows another view of the formwork prop according to Figure 6C .
• 8 shows a detailed view of the in 7 highlighted details.

1 shows a formwork support device 1 with a plurality of formwork supports 2 supported on the ground and arranged at a horizontal distance from one another, which support a formwork structure 3 on the underside. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the formwork structure 3 has longitudinal or truss beams 4 supported on the formwork supports 2, on which similar crossbeams 5 running transversely to the truss beams 4 are mounted. The formwork structure 3 is set up for producing a ceiling, for which purpose formwork panels 6 are arranged on the upper side of the crossbeams 5 until they abut against a wall 7 shown schematically. To secure the formwork props 2 in a vertical position, they are supported using tripods 8 . The formwork structure 1 is known per se from the prior art, so that further explanations in this regard may not be necessary.

When installed, especially during and after the production of the concrete ceiling (not shown), the formwork supports 2 are loaded vertically. The formwork support 2 has an upper support part 10 which can be lowered into a lower support part 11 . Together, the upper 10 and the lower support part 11 (apart from the overlapping area) essentially cover the entire longitudinal extent of the formwork support 2. Of course, further support parts can also be provided between the upper 10 and the lower support part 11. In its upper end region, the upper support part 10 has a plate-shaped widening or support plate 12, on which a holding head, known per se in the embodiment shown, for example in the form of a four-way head (cf. Figure 1A , 1B ), is set up. The formwork structure 3 is supported on this head. The head is not shown in FIGS. 2ff for the sake of a better overview. In the embodiment shown, the upper support part 10 is designed as an inner tube which is inserted into the formed as an outer tube lower support part 11 is inserted. This results in a telescopic formwork prop 2.

Furthermore, a securing element 13 is provided, which can be connected to holding openings 14 spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction on the upper support part 10 . The securing element 13 can be arranged in a securing position within one of the holding openings 14 in order to block the lowering of the upper support part 10 . To release the lowering of the upper support part 10, the securing element is arranged in a release position outside of the retaining openings 14. In the embodiment shown, the securing element 13 has a clip (see also figure 5 ) which has an insertion section for insertion into one of the holding openings 14 . Furthermore, an adjusting element 15 is provided, which enables the height of the support 2 to be finely adjusted.

In addition, a lowering device 16 for lowering the upper support part 10 from a support position supporting the formwork structure 3 during concreting (cf. Figure 1A ) into a dismantling position that enables the formwork structure 3 to be removed (cf. Figure 1B ) intended. In the embodiment shown, the lowering device 16 is arranged entirely inside the upper 10 or lower support part 11 .

The lowering device 16 has a brake unit 17 such that the lowering of the upper support part 10 to a substantially constant lowering speed - essentially independently of the vertical load transmitted to the upper support part 10 via the formwork structure 3 - from the support position to the stripping position is slowed down. When the securing element 13 is arranged in the release position, the upper support part 10 is automatically lowered into the stripping position by the operating personnel without any further manipulation.

In the embodiment of the Figures 2A to 2C , 3 , 4 and 5 the braking unit 17 has a hydraulic linear damper 18 with a cylinder 18A and a piston 18B. The piston 18B is slidably mounted in the cylinder 18A. In the embodiment shown, a piston rod of the piston 18B is on a support member 19, here a dowel pin guided through an eyelet on the piston rod, which is held in bores of the upper support part 10. Correspondingly, the cylinder 18A is fastened to a further holding element 20, here a simple screw guided through bores in the lower support part 11 and secured with nuts from the outside. Of course, however, the cylinder can also be fixed to the upper support part 10 and the piston 18B to the lower support part 11.

How out 4 As can be seen, the linear damper 18 has a flow control valve 21 with a pressure compensator 29, which ensures the load-independent lowering speed of the piston 18A (and thus the upper support part 10) in relation to the cylinder 18B (and thus in relation to the lower support part 11).

In the Figures 6A to 6C , 7 and 8 one according to the invention is shown, in which the brake unit 17 has a spindle 22 with an external thread 23 and a bearing element 24 with an internal thread, the bearing element 24, here a nut, engaging with the internal thread in the external thread 23 of the spindle 22. In the embodiment shown, the spindle 22 is rotatably mounted on the lower support part 11 . For this purpose, the lower support part 11 has at least one pivot bearing 26 (shown only schematically), for example a ball bearing, for the spindle 22 on a support foot 25 . Furthermore, a brake 27, here in the form of a centrifugal brake, for influencing the rotational movement of the spindle 22 can be seen schematically. The bearing element 24 is arranged on the lower end of the upper support part 10 in a rotationally fixed manner. In the embodiment shown, the bearing element 24 is fixed to the upper support part 10 via a crimp connection 28 . In addition to the braking effect brought about by the brake 27, a ball drive (not shown here) or clamps or jaws (not shown here) can be provided in the bearing element 24, through which the friction and thus the approximately constant rotational speed of the spindle 22 can also be influenced .

Claims (11)

1. Formwork support (2) comprising:

   - an upper support part (10),

   - a lower support part (11), and

   - a lowering device (16) for lowering the upper support part (10) from a supporting position for supporting a formwork structure (3) into a stripping position for removing the formwork structure (3),

   the lowering device (16) comprising a brake unit (17) which is designed to brake the lowering of the upper support part (10) between the supporting position and the stripping position to a substantially constant lowering speed, which lowering speed is substantially independent of a vertical load acting on the upper support part (10),

   the lowering device (16) comprising a spindle (22) having an external thread (23) and a bearing element (24) having an internal thread, the bearing element (24) engaging with the internal thread in the external thread (23) of the spindle (22),

   the brake unit (17) comprising a mechanical or electrical brake (27) for braking the relative movement between the spindle (22) and the bearing element (24) or for achieving a substantially constant relative rotational movement of the spindle (22) in the bearing element (24),

   the brake (27) being different from the external thread (23) of the spindle (22) and the internal thread of the bearing element (24),

   the lowering device (16) being arranged completely in the interior of the upper or lower support part (11), characterised in that

   the brake (27) is designed to increase a braking force proportionally to the increase in a rotational speed of the spindle (22) in order to brake the relative movement between the spindle (22) and the bearing element (24) and thus keep the relative rotational movement of the spindle (22) in the bearing element (24) substantially constant.
2. Formwork support (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that a securing element (13) is provided which has a securing position for securing the upper support part (10) in the supporting position, and a release position for releasing the lowering of the upper support part (10).
3. Formwork support (2) according to claim 2, characterised in that the lowering device (16) is designed to lower the upper support part (10) independently and at a substantially constant lowering speed from the supporting position into the stripping position by arranging the securing element (13) in the release position.
4. Formwork support (2) according to any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that the spindle (22) is rotatably mounted on the lower support part (11) or upper support part (10), the bearing element (24) being connected to the upper (10) or lower support part (11) in a rotationally fixed manner.
5. Formwork support (2) according to claim 4, characterised in that the lower support part (11) has at least one rolling bearing or rotary bearing(26), in particular a ball bearing, for the spindle (22) on a support foot (25).
6. Formwork support (2) according to either claim 4 or claim 5,
   characterised in that the bearing element (24) is fixed to the upper support part (10) via a crimp connection (27).
7. Formwork support (2) according to any of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that the brake (27) is arranged in the lower support part (11), preferably at the lower end region thereof.
8. Formwork support (2) according to any of claims 1 to 7,
   characterised in that the upper support part (10) is designed as an inner tube which is inserted into the lower support part (11) designed as an outer tube.
9. Formwork support device comprising at least one formwork support (2) according to any of claims 1 to 8 and comprising a formwork structure (3) which is supported on the formwork support (2).
10. Formwork support device according to claim 9, characterised in that a plurality of formwork supports (2) are provided, which are arranged in a substantially vertical position at a horizontal distance from one another.
11. Method for stripping a formwork structure (3) of a formwork support device according to claim 10, comprising the steps of:

    - supporting the formwork structure (3) on a plurality of formwork supports (2);

    - simultaneously lowering upper support parts (10) of the formwork supports (2) at substantially the same constant lowering speed.

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