EP3959734A1 - Commutateur électrique - Google Patents

Commutateur électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3959734A1
EP3959734A1 EP19739931.4A EP19739931A EP3959734A1 EP 3959734 A1 EP3959734 A1 EP 3959734A1 EP 19739931 A EP19739931 A EP 19739931A EP 3959734 A1 EP3959734 A1 EP 3959734A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
electrical switch
resistance
electrical
state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19739931.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3959734B1 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Strobl
Andreas Eismann
Walter Felden
Zoltan FONO
Oliver Ibisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3959734A1 publication Critical patent/EP3959734A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3959734B1 publication Critical patent/EP3959734B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/161—Variable impedances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/30—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch.
  • Switching arcs occur when AC or DC circuits are opened, closed or commutated. These switching arcs typically emit the energy released in appropriate extinguishing devices until the arc extinguishes. Conventional electrical switches try to control the switching arcs that occur. Especially with the increasing number of direct current applications in which there is no current zero crossing, this is associated with any amount of technical effort.
  • an electric current can be switched through a semiconductor switch without switching arcs, which requires complex control electronics and in which no reliable galvanic separation is usually guaranteed.
  • current semiconductor switches have a relatively high power loss even in the ON state.
  • the electrical switch with an ON state and an OFF state for opening, closing or commutating a circuit between a first contact and a second contact comprises a controllable resistance element which is electrically between the first contact and the second contact is arranged, wherein in the ON state the electrical switch is closed and opens in the OFF state ge, wherein by means of a mechanical transit movement (T), the electrical switch is transferred from the ON state to the OFF state and vice versa, whereby to open or Commuting the circuit by means of the transit movement, the resistance of the controllable resistance element is increased and where the transit movement is carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop is smaller than that at any point in time
  • the advantage here is that, with an appropriate design, a switching process can be carried out without the occurrence of an arc. This avoids all negative effects of a switching arc, such as fire, the creation of switching gases, stochastic running behavior, influences from external magnetic fields. It is also advantageous that a simple mechanical structure is possible, please include, and safe electrical isolation is made possible by driving over an insulating zone. The simple mechanical structure results in many additional advantages with regard to a cost-optimized construction of a voltage switching device. Basic functions such as the magnetic overload release can be implemented relatively easily.
  • the water has at least one third contact, a potential being commutated between these at least three contacts.
  • the first contact in the OFF state, is galvanically isolated from the second contact with an electrical resistance greater than 1MQ (mega ohms).
  • the electrical resistance in the ON state of the controllable resistance element can be less than 100 mW (micro ohms), which leads to a very low power loss in the ON state.
  • controllable resistance element is made from a conventional material or from a dopable semiconductor material such as silicon carbide (SiC).
  • the resistance of the controllable resistor element is increased by changing the active length, shape, arrangement or doping.
  • controllable resistance element made continuously or discretely.
  • the first contact in the OFF state, is galvanically isolated from the second contact by galvanic isolation or via the doping of the controllable resistance element.
  • the controllable resistance element can be designed as a linear or a rotary component.
  • the linear component can have a tubular or an annular structure.
  • controllable resistance element comprises a movable element and a fixed element, the movable element being essentially cylindrical is formed, wherein the fixed element is designed in the wesentli Chen hollow cylinder, the movable element is designed to be immersed in the fixed element and can be moved against it, a first contact system on the fixed element and a second contact system is attached to the movable element, respectively for making electrical contact between the movable element and the fixed element, the distance between the first contact system and the second contact system being changed by the linear transit movement, whereby the division of the current path between the movable element and the fixed element changes.
  • first contact system and the second contact system are formed by contact springs, for example spiral-shaped contact springs, which, due to their shape and design, enable a very high current-carrying capacity with a small diameter at the same time, as is the case with canted coil springs from Bai Seal Engineering.
  • a sliding arrangement advantageously counteracts the formation of foreign and oxidation layers and thereby improves the contact behavior and the long-term stability of the electrical switch in contrast to conventional switches with openable contacts. Due to the type of contact with spiral-shaped contact springs on a cylinder, the lifting forces are minimal in the event of a short circuit. As a result, if the design is appropriate, there is no excessive mechanical stress on the contacts with corresponding noise formation. A switch of this type therefore shows no increased tendency to weld and complex combination tests with different contact materials are not required, in contrast to electrical switches with openable contacts.
  • the adjustable resistance element comprises a movable element and three fixed elements Elements, wherein the movable element and the third stationary element are essentially cylindrical, the first stationary element is essentially designed as a half hollow cylinder and the second stationary element is also essentially designed as a half Hohlzy cylinder, which by means of an insulator is connected to the first fixed element and thereby a hollow cylinder is formed, wherein the movable element is designed to be immersed in the hollow cylinder of the first and second fixed element and can be moved against it, a first contact system on the movable element and a second contact system on the third fixed ele ment is attached in each case for electrical contact between the movable element and the hollow cylinder and the third fixed element and the hollow cylinder, the distance between the first contact system and the second contact by a linear transit movement ktsystem is changed, whereby the division of the current path between the movable element and the hollow cylinder changes.
  • controllable resistance element comprises a movable, rotatory disk element and two stationary elements, the disk element having resistance zones, the two stationary elements being electrically connected to the disk element by a contact system and the electrical resistance between the stationary elements is changed by rotation of the disc as a rotary transit movement.
  • the electrical switch is designed to switch an alternating or direct current.
  • FIG. 1 Electric switch with adjustable resistance element
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B electrical resistance of the electrical switch according to the invention
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C electrical switch with adjustable resistance element in the ON state, intermediate state and OFF state;
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G, 4H, 41, 4J transit movement of the electrical switch according to the invention between the ON state and the OFF state;
  • FIG. 5 an electrical switch with a movable, rotatory disk element
  • FIG. 6 an electrical switch with a fixed element formed in the shape of a hollow cylinder, each consisting of half a hollow cylinder and an insulator;
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B controllable resistance element with discrete resistance states
  • FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C controllable resistance element with discrete resistance states
  • FIG. 9 additional resistance for controllable resistance element with discrete resistance states.
  • FIG. 10 Acceleration of the movable element with actuator.
  • An electrical switch 100 is shown in FIG.
  • the electrical switch 100 comprises an ON state and an OFF state for opening, closing or commutating a circuit.
  • a first contact 110 and a second contact 120 are provided, between which the circuit is switched ge.
  • the electrical switch 100 comprises a controllable resistance element 200, which is electrically arranged between the first contact 110 and the second contact 120.
  • the electrical switch 100 is closed in the ON state and opened in the OFF state. The switching process, the transition from the ON state to the OFF state and vice versa, takes place by means of a mechanical transit movement T of the controllable resistance element 200.
  • the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is increased by means of the transit movement T and the transit movement T is carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is less than the ignition voltage of an arc and thereby the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 comprises, in a first embodiment, a movable element 210 and a stationary element 220, the movable element 210 being essentially cylindrical and the stationary element being essentially hollow-cylindrical.
  • the movable element 210 can dip into the fixed element 220 and be moved against it.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 comprises a first contact system 310 on the fixed element 220 and a second contact system 320 on the movable element 210 for electrical contact between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220.
  • the fixed element 220 can include galvanic isolation 230, so that in the OFF state the first contact 110 is galvanically separated from the second contact 120.
  • the galvanic separation can also take place via the doping of the controllable resistance element 200 itself.
  • FIG. 2A the chain of electrical resistances of the electrical switch 100 according to the invention is shown. It is a series connection of electrical resistors, starting from the electrical resistance at the second contact 120 R_Cu2 via the resistance of the adjustable resistance element 200 R_SiC and the electrical resistance of the galvanic insulation 230 R_Iso to the first contact 110 with the resistor R_Cul.
  • the electrical resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is shown plotted against the deflection of the mechanical transit movement T.
  • the first contact 110 is galvanically isolated from the second contact 120 with an electrical resistance for small positions greater than 1MQ (Mega Ohm).
  • 1MQ Mega Ohm
  • the electrical switch 100 is in the OFF state.
  • the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is increased by means of a linear transit movement T of the movable element 210, the transit movement T being carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is less than the ignition voltage of an arc and thus the switching energy in the controllable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.
  • the electrical switch 100 is in the ON state.
  • the electrical current flows from the first contact 110 via the first contact system 310 to the movable element 210 and further via the second contact system 320 to the second contact 120.
  • the movable element 210 is made of copper, for example, the total resistance of the electrical switch is in the ON position in the range of less than IOOmW (micro ohms).
  • the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 is gebil det of spiral contact springs, for example canted coil springs from Bai Seal Engineering.
  • the movable element 210 is now moved to the left as shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
  • FIG. 3C the electrical switch 100 according to the invention is shown in the OFF state.
  • the movable element 210 was moved further to the left in accordance with the illustration in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C.
  • the second contact system 320 was moved beyond the galvanic isolation 230, so that the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are both in the zone of the first contact 110.
  • a current flow only occurs due to a leakage current of the galvanic isolation, since the resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 is greater than 1MQ (Mega Ohm).
  • FIGS. 4A to 4J A second embodiment of an electrical switch 100 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4A to 4J.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 has a first zone
  • the movable element 210 likewise has a termination 211 which can also be made of copper and thus has a low conductivity. The current therefore flows from the first contact 110 via the termination 211 and the movable element 210.
  • the second contact system 320 reaches the zone of galvanic isolation 230.
  • the switch is open and a current flow is no longer possible.
  • the first contact system 310 and the second contact system 320 are in the zone of the first contact 110.
  • the electrical switch 100 can have at least one third contact, a potential being commutated between these at least three contacts.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 in particular its stationary element 220, can be made from a conventional material or from a dopable semiconductor material.
  • Silicon carbide SiC
  • SiC Silicon carbide
  • the increase in the resistance of the controllable resistance elements 200 can be done by changing the active length, shape, arrangement or doping.
  • the first embodiment and the second embodiment show an increase in resistance as the active length changes.
  • the current path within the controllable resistance element 200, or the division of the current path between the movable element 210 and the fixed element 220, is changed by the transit movement T.
  • the increase in the electrical resistance of the controllable resistance element 200 can be made continuously or discretely. In the first embodiment and in the second embodiment, the electrical resistance is continuously increased.
  • the controllable resistance element 200 can be designed as a linear construction part as explained in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, or as a rotary component.
  • FIG. 5 shows such a rotary component 200 in the form of a movable, rotary disc element 500.
  • This disc element 500 has resistance zones 511, 512,
  • a first stationary element 110 and a second stationary element 120 are electrically connected to the disk element 500.
  • the electrical resistance between the fixed elements 110 and 120 is changed by the rotation of the disk element 500 as a rotational trans movement T.
  • the adjustable resistance element 200 is composed of a movable element 670 and three fixed elements 610; 620; 680 formed.
  • the movable element 670 and the third fixed element 680 are formed in a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the first stationary element 610 is essentially designed as a half hollow cylinder and the second stationary element 620 also essentially as a half hollow cylinder, these two hollow cylinders being connected to the first stationary element 610 by means of an insulator 650, thereby forming a hollow cylinder.
  • the movable element 670 can be inserted into the hollow cylinder from the first and second fixed elements 610; 620 immerse and be moved against it.
  • a first contact system 681 is attached to the movable element 670 and a second contact system 682 is attached to the third fixed element 680 for electrical contact between the movable element 670 and the hollow cylinder and the third fixed element 680 and the hollow cylinder.
  • the linear transit movement T changes the distance between the first contact system 681 and the second contact system 682, whereby the division of the current path between the movable element and the hollow cylinder changes.
  • a separate current path is provided in the first fixed element 610 and in the second fixed element 620 and not a current path through a cylinder.
  • the principle of half-shells can also be applied to other geometries, for example to square or rectangular geometries as shown on the right in FIG. 6. The same applies to the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • the electrical switch 100 according to the invention can be seen easily for scarfing or commutating an alternating or direct current.
  • either an isolating zone can be used during the transit movement T be driven over, or a non-conductive zone of a doped material.
  • silicon carbide any other material can be used which has similar properties.
  • This material can also be applied to copper material using thin-film technology, for example in the form of rings.
  • the canted coil type contact springs from Bai Seal Engineering are available in various sizes and are, for example, able to carry a continuous current of 2 kA (kilo ampere) and, in the event of a short circuit, about 20 kA (kilo ampere) for 3 seconds.
  • the fourth embodiment doubles the increase in resistance, so that the installation space of the electrical switch 100 is reduced. Likewise, no connecting strands are required, but contact via the contact springs is sufficient.
  • FIGS 7A and 7B a further, fifth embodiment of the controllable resistance element 200 according to the invention is shown.
  • uniform resistance elements 701 with a first connection surface 702 and a second connection surface 703 are connected in series.
  • Insulation elements 705 are arranged between the resistance elements 701, so that the series connection takes place via the electrical contacting of adjacent connection surfaces 702, 703.
  • Resistance elements 701 are available as broken hollow disks formed with first connection surface 702 and second connection surface 703.
  • the movable element 210 runs with the second contact system 320.
  • the opening and closing takes place analogously to the first or second embodiment by means of a transit movement T, the transit movement T being carried out so that the current voltage drop closes at any point in time is smaller than the ignition voltage of an arc and thereby the switching energy in the regulatable resistor element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.
  • the stack of resistance elements 701 can be formed in such a way that the connection surfaces 702; 703 are offset from one another.
  • the connection surfaces 702; 703 are each offset by 45 °, so that after eight elements the same position of the first connection surfaces 702; 703 is reached, as shown in FIG. 9 bottom left.
  • Simultaneous contacting of at least three resistance elements 701, 701 ′, 701 ′′ when using a conventional controllable resistance element 200 can be provided in order to reduce the maximum voltage drop and thereby to reduce the probability of occurrence of switching arcs. This is shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C.
  • the stack of resistance elements 701, 701 ′, 701 ′′ and the movable element 210 with the second contact system 320 are shown on the left in FIG. 8A.
  • only one resistance element is contacted, for example in the ON state.
  • only one resistor of the discrete chain of resistors is active in accordance with the illustration in FIG. 8A on the right. If the movable element 310 is now moved to the left by the transit movement T as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C, at least three resistance elements 701 should form the electrical contact. This divides the voltage drop over these three resistors and the risk of a switching arc forming is reduced accordingly.
  • FIG. 8C further three resistance elements 701 are contacted in the discrete resistance chain of the controllable resistance element 200.
  • a parallel discharge path can be provided by means of a resistance R addition , as shown in FIG. If the electrical resistance R ZuS atz is less than the sum of the electrical resistances of the intermediate resistance elements 701, the main current flows through this parallel discharge path.
  • intermediate resistance elements 701 are deactivated in terms of circuitry, so that the main current does not have to flow through them but through an electrical relief path.
  • the formation of a first zone 221 is advantageous, within which the movable element can be accelerated when triggered.
  • the movable element 210 being accelerated by means of an actuator A.
  • the second contact system 320 is accelerated in the area of the first zone 221 with low electrical resistance (for example copper) so that the further transit movement T is carried out in such a way that the current voltage drop at any point in time is less than the ignition voltage of an arc and thus the switching Energy in the adjustable resistance element 200 is dissipated in the form of electrical power loss.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un commutateur électrique (100) présentant un état MARCHE et un état ARRÊT pour ouvrir, fermer ou commuter un circuit électrique entre un premier contact (110) et un deuxième contact (120) et comprenant un élément résistance (200) réglable qui est monté électriquement entre le premier contact (110) et le deuxième contact (120). À l'état MARCHE le commutateur électrique (100) est fermé et à l'état ARRÊT ce commutateur électrique est ouvert, ce commutateur électrique (100) passant de l'état MARCHE à l'état ARRÊT et inversement au moyen d'un mouvement de transition (T) mécanique. Pour ouvrir ou commuter le circuit électrique au moyen du mouvement de transition (T), la résistance de l'élément résistance (200) réglable est augmentée. Ce mouvement de transition (T) est réalisé de manière que la chute de tension effective à chaque instant soit inférieure à la tension d'allumage d'un arc électrique, l'énergie de commutation dans l'élément résistance (200) réglable étant dissipée sous la forme de pertes en puissance électrique.
EP19739931.4A 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Commutateur électrique Active EP3959734B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2019/067590 WO2021001012A1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Commutateur électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3959734A1 true EP3959734A1 (fr) 2022-03-02
EP3959734B1 EP3959734B1 (fr) 2024-05-15

Family

ID=67297132

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19739931.4A Active EP3959734B1 (fr) 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 Commutateur électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3959734B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021001012A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021200648B4 (de) 2021-01-26 2024-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Schalter mit einem regelbaren Widerstandselement

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8890019B2 (en) * 2011-02-05 2014-11-18 Roger Webster Faulkner Commutating circuit breaker
EP3031062B1 (fr) * 2013-08-05 2018-12-12 Innolith Assets AG Commutateur de commutation doté d'un semi-conducteur bloquant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021001012A1 (fr) 2021-01-07
EP3959734B1 (fr) 2024-05-15

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