EP3453044B1 - Commutateur à double contact comportant des chambres de coupure sous vide - Google Patents

Commutateur à double contact comportant des chambres de coupure sous vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3453044B1
EP3453044B1 EP17716245.0A EP17716245A EP3453044B1 EP 3453044 B1 EP3453044 B1 EP 3453044B1 EP 17716245 A EP17716245 A EP 17716245A EP 3453044 B1 EP3453044 B1 EP 3453044B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
electrode
switching
switch
double
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17716245.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3453044A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Schmitz
Marcel Uedelhoven
Johannes Meissner
Michael Wohlang
Oliver Kreft
Kai Schroeder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3453044A1 publication Critical patent/EP3453044A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6647—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having fixed middle contact and two movable contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66238—Specific bellows details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double-contact switch with vacuum switching chambers and a hybrid switching device with such a double-contact switch.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2013 114 260 A1 describes a double-contact switch with vacuum interrupter chambers, in which the mechanical switching component has a double vacuum interrupter chamber with two contact pairs arranged in the axial direction, which can be actuated independently of one another.
  • a hybrid switching device with this double-contact switch, in which a semiconductor switch, based on an IGBT power semiconductor (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), is arranged electrically in parallel with one of the two contact pairs of the double-contact switch.
  • This hybrid switching device is primarily suitable for switching direct currents or low-frequency currents.
  • a load current can immediately commutate to the IGBT, where it is led to zero within a few milliseconds.
  • the second pair of contacts of the double-contact switch can then be used to create the galvanic isolation in the hybrid switching device.
  • the second pair of contacts (break contacts) responsible for galvanic isolation opens with a certain delay after the opening of the first pair of contacts (commutation contacts). This prevents a vacuum arc from forming there for a short time, ie for the period in which the load current is still being conducted through the IGBT, if the isolating contacts open simultaneously or prematurely.
  • short-term vacuum arcs after numerous switching operations under load, such as with contactors mean gradual contact erosion and thus a corresponding reduction in the electrical service life.
  • Interrupters with vacuum interrupters in which bellows connected to movable electrodes are designed differently or can be, are from JP H05 67414 A and DE 10 2010 045901 A known.
  • the object of the present invention is now to propose a double-contact switch with vacuum interrupters that takes up less space than that from the DE 10 2013 114 260 A1 known solution for opening the contact pairs at different times.
  • One idea underlying the present invention is to propose a compact double-contact switch with vacuum interrupters designed as partial interrupters of an interrupter, which is structurally designed in such a way that when a load current flowing through the switch is switched off, the two contact pairs in the interrupter open with a time offset which is dimensioned at least longer than a typical current flow time through a semiconductor switch connected in parallel to a contact pair.
  • this is achieved in that the gas-tight barriers of the areas of the movable electrodes that carry the contacts are designed differently in such a way that the opening of the contacts of the two contact pairs is offset in time or delayed.
  • the double-contact switch according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a hybrid switch in which a power semiconductor switch is connected in parallel with the first contact pair that opens first.
  • the power semiconductor switch can be switched through to prevent an arc from forming between the pair of contacts that open first.
  • the load current commutated to the power semiconductor switch can be brought to zero, in particular before the second pair of contacts is opened.
  • the load current can be switched off with almost no arcing.
  • the invention enables a particularly compact configuration of a double-contact switch with vacuum interrupter chambers.
  • One embodiment of the invention now relates to double-contact switches with a first and a second tubular vacuum interrupter chamber, which are designed as partial interrupter chambers of an interrupter, an electrode which is fixed in the interrupter and is arranged between the first and second vacuum interrupter chamber and has a first electrode which projects into the first vacuum interrupter chamber Fixed contact and a second fixed contact protruding into the second vacuum interrupter chamber, a first electrode which is arranged in the first vacuum interrupter chamber and is movable in the axial direction therein and has a contact-bearing area which is sealed off in a gas-tight manner from the outside of the first vacuum interrupter chamber, one in the second Arranged vacuum interrupter chamber and movable in this in the axial direction second electrode, with a contact-carrying area which is sealed against the outside of the second vacuum interrupter chamber in a gas-tight manner, the gas-tight barrier g of the area of the first electrode carrying the contact is designed so differently from the gas-tight barrier of the area of the second electrode carrying the contact
  • the double-contact switch requires relatively little installation space, so that it is particularly suitable for constructing compact switching devices.
  • the number of parts required for the constructive realization of the staggered contact pair opening is comparatively small, which means that the production costs are lower compared to mechanical construction with several components.
  • the gas-tight barrier of the contact-bearing area of the first electrode and the gas-tight barrier of the contact-bearing area of the second electrode are each formed by flexible bellows, in particular metal bellows. Diameter, wall thickness, number of waves and/or rigidity of the bellows can be different, in particular to bring about different forces acting on the contact pairs, which cause the delay in opening the contact pairs in the interrupter.
  • the outer diameters of the bellows can be of different sizes.
  • the forces acting on the contact pairs due to the vacuum pressure can be set differently, so that the opening of the contact pairs results in a time delay due to the different forces.
  • the radius R 1 of the bellows of the first vacuum interrupter chamber can be about a quarter smaller than the radius R 2 of the bellows of the second vacuum interrupter chamber. This allows different forces to be set by a factor of about 1.8, which act on the contact pairs in the interrupter.
  • the bellows of the first vacuum interrupter chamber has a greater corrugation number and/or a smaller wall thickness than the bellows of the second vacuum interrupter chamber. This results in a different spring stiffness of the two bellows, which can directly lead to a delayed opening of the contact pairs.
  • the first electrode can be coupled to a switching drive and the second electrode can be connected to a switch housing wall.
  • the first electrode can be provided with a connection for a switching drive
  • the second electrode can be designed in such a way that it can be attached to a switch housing wall, for example by means of a screw connection.
  • Another embodiment of the invention relates to a hybrid switching device with a first and a second power connection, a double-contact switch according to the invention and, as described herein, a switching drive with an electromechanical drive for moving switching contacts in the direction of the axis of the vacuum interrupter chambers of the double-contact switch , and a power semiconductor switch connected in parallel to a contact pair of the double-contact switch that opens first in time and having a first and a second connection, the first connection of the power semiconductor switch and the first movable electrode of the double-contact switch being connected to the first current connection of the hybrid -Switching device are connected and the first movable electrode is firmly connected to a housing wall of the hybrid switching device, wherein the fixed electrode of the double-contact switch is connected to the second terminal of the power semiconductor switch, the second movable electrode of the double-contact switch is electrically connected to a movable part of the switching drive, and wherein the switching tube of the double-contact switch is mounted displaceably along its longitudinal axis up to a stop in
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a double-contact switch with a vacuum interrupter, which has a rotationally symmetrical, cylindrical shape with two separate partial switching chambers 1, 3, in particular of a similar or identical structure, for mechanical contact pairs 10, 30 of the switch.
  • Both sub-interrupter chambers 1, 3 can either be designed as completely separate vacuum chambers or also be partially connected to one another, so that they have a shared vacuum.
  • both partial interrupter chambers 1 and 3 are separated in the middle of the vacuum interrupter by a partition wall 4, which consists of an electrically conductive material and carries two centrally arranged, fixed switching contacts 41, 42 of the mechanical contact pairs 10 and 30, the end faces of which Inside one of the switching chambers facing.
  • the partition wall can be designed in a geometry such that it itself serves as a double contact arrangement.
  • the contact surface of the partition wall can be designed in such a way that it consists of a low-erosion material with good resistance to welding at the same time.
  • a low-erosion contact material When used in a hybrid contactor that works completely without arcing, the use of a low-erosion contact material is not absolutely necessary; in this case, a material with good electrical conductivity and sufficient resistance to welding is advisable.
  • the switching contacts are opened and closed via axially moveable copper electrodes 11, 31, on the inner faces of which are attached switching contacts 12, 32 of the mechanical contact pairs 10 and 30 made of a suitable material, above all of sufficient resistance to welding and good electrical conductivity.
  • the areas of the two movable electrodes 11, 31 that carry the switching contacts are each sealed by a flexible metal bellows 13, 33 from the outside of the respective switching chamber.
  • Each metal bellows 13, 33 is soldered on the one hand to the respective electrode 11 or 31, on the other hand to a respective cover 14 or 34, which closes the respective partial switching chamber 1, 3, in particular via two circumferential, vacuum-tight soldered connections.
  • the bellows 13, 33 form gas-tight barriers between the areas of the electrodes 11, 31 that carry the switching contacts 12, 32 and the outside of the partial switching chambers 1, 3, so that a vacuum is maintained in these chambers.
  • the two movable electrodes 11, 31 is a common fixed electrode in the form of the above-mentioned disc-shaped switching chamber partition 4, which is connected along its entire peripheral side to the wall of the respective partial switching chamber 1, 3 either as a separate part or preferably as a part in the peripheral area itself the switching chamber wall 43 represents.
  • the fixed electrode 4 has an appropriately dimensioned, sufficient wall thickness.
  • the fixed electrode 4 is at its peripheral end faces 43 in the direction of their respective switching chamber 1, 3 with an annular ring of insulating material 15, 35, for example made of ceramic, connected in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • this double-contact switch can be used with vacuum interrupters - as in 2 shown - be integrated in such a way that one of the two movable electrodes, for example the electrode 11 is rigidly connected via a flat power connection to a power connection of the hybrid switching device.
  • the stationary electrode 4 of the vacuum interrupter is also connected to the hybrid switching device via a flat electrical connection in such a way that the mechanical contacts 10 of the first partial switching chamber 1 connected in this way are arranged electrically in parallel with a power semiconductor switch 20 of the hybrid switching device.
  • the second movable electrode 31 is connected to the movable part of the electromechanical hybrid switching device drive via a further flat electrical connection.
  • the mechanical contacts 30 of the second switching chamber part 3 are connected in series with the parallel arrangement of the power semiconductor switch 20 and the mechanical contacts 10 of the first switching chamber part 1 .
  • the electromechanical drive 40 of the hybrid switching device ensures that the moving contacts move in the direction of the interrupter axis.
  • the power semiconductor switch 20 is controlled via switching electronics 50 which in turn exchanges signals with the electromechanical drive 40 .
  • the electronic switching system 50 is configured in such a way that it regulates the timing of the switching through and blocking of the power semiconductor switch 20 depending on the switching states of the double-contact switch depending on corresponding signals from the electromechanical drive 40 .
  • the entire vacuum tube body is set in motion as a result, so that the contacts 12, 4 provided in the hybrid switch for commutation to the power semiconductor open first.
  • Differently high contact pressure forces in the two partial interrupter chambers of a double-contact vacuum interrupter can also be realized via different wall thicknesses of the bellows and also via their number of corrugations.
  • the bellows 33" of the left-hand partial switching chamber 3 has a greater wall thickness and a lower number of corrugations (three corrugations 36) than the bellows 13" of the right-hand partial switching chamber 1 (four corrugations 37).
  • the bellows 33" of the switching chamber section 3 has a higher spring stiffness than the bellows 13" of the switching chamber section 1.
  • F eff_1 ⁇ F eff_3 then applies to the effective contact pressure forces in the two partial switching chambers 1 and 3 of the double-contact switch shown, so that due to the different spring constants of the two bellows 13", 33" the contact opening movement is analogous to that in FIG 3 case shown expires.
  • the contact pairs 32, 4 of the left partial switching chamber 3 thus open again with a time delay compared to the contact pairs 12, 4 of the right partial switching chamber 1.
  • the time delay in the opening of the contact pairs 32, 4 and 12, 4 can also be brought about by a different choice of material for the bellows or generally the gas-tight barriers, for example by using one bellows made of spring steel with a high spring stiffness and another bellows made of spring steel with a low spring stiffness is produced.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for switching high DC and low-frequency currents with virtually no arcing. Switching processes can be carried out with almost no burn-up, which leads to an extended service life of the switch.
  • the double-contact switch according to the invention can be used in contactors, circuit breakers, motor protection switches, in particular for switching direct currents and low-frequency currents.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Commutateur à double contact comprenant
    - une première et une seconde chambres de coupure sous vide (1, 3) tubulaires, qui sont conçues comme des chambres de coupure partielles d'un tube de commutation (2),
    - une électrode (4) disposée de manière fixe dans le tube de commutation, agencée entre les première et seconde chambres de coupure sous vide et comprenant un premier contact fixe (41) faisant saillie dans la première chambre de coupure sous vide (1) et un second contact fixe (42) faisant saillie dans la seconde chambre de coupure sous vide (3),
    - une première électrode (11) disposée dans la première chambre de coupure sous vide (1) et mobile dans celle-ci dans une direction axiale et comportant une zone supportant un contact (12) et fermée de manière étanche aux gaz par rapport à l'extérieur de la première chambre de coupure sous vide (1),
    - une seconde électrode (31) disposée dans la seconde chambre de coupure sous vide (3) et mobile dans celle-ci dans une direction axiale et comportant une zone supportant un contact (32) et fermée de manière étanche aux gaz par rapport à l'extérieur de la seconde chambre de coupure sous vide (3), caractérisé en ce que
    - la fermeture étanche aux gaz (13` ; 13") de la zone supportant le contact (12) de la première électrode (11) est conçue de façon différente de la fermeture étanche aux gaz (33` ; 33") de la zone supportant le contact (32) de la seconde électrode (31), de sorte que l'ouverture du premier contact fixe (41) et du contact (12) de la première électrode (11) et l'ouverture du second contact fixe (42) et du contact (32) de la seconde électrode (31) soient effectuées avec un décalage temporel, dans lequel les fermetures étanches aux gaz (13` ; 33` ; 13", 33") sont conçues différemment concernant leurs propriétés matérielles et/ou leur forme et la conception différente entraîne, lors d'un déplacement d'une des électrodes (31) avec un entraînement de commutation (40), pendant que l'autre électrode (11) est fixée, l'ouverture des contacts (12, 32, 41, 42) avec un décalage temporel.
  2. Commutateur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la fermeture étanche aux gaz (13` ; 13") de la zone supportant le contact (12) de la première électrode (11) et la fermeture étanche aux gaz (33` ; 33") de la zone supportant le contact (32) de la seconde électrode (31) sont formées respectivement par un soufflet flexible, en particulier un soufflet métallique (13', 33` ; 13" 33").
  3. Commutateur selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le diamètre, l'épaisseur de paroi, le nombre d'ondes et/ou la rigidité des soufflets (13', 33` ; 13" 33") sont différents.
  4. Commutateur selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les diamètres externes des soufflets (13', 33`) sont de grandeur différente.
  5. Commutateur selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le rayon R1 du soufflet (13`) de la première chambre de coupure sous vide (1) est inférieur d'environ un quart au rayon R2 du soufflet (33`) de la seconde chambre de coupure sous vide (3`).
  6. Commutateur selon la revendication 3, 4 ou 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le soufflet (13") de la première chambre de coupure sous vide (1) présente un plus grand nombre d'ondes et/ou une plus petite épaisseur de paroi que le soufflet (33") de la seconde chambre de coupure sous vide (3).
  7. Commutateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    la seconde électrode (31) peut être couplée avec un entraînement de commutation (40) et la première électrode (11) peut être couplée avec une paroi de boîtier de commutateur.
  8. Appareil de commutation hybride comprenant
    - un premier et un second raccordements électriques,
    - un commutateur à double contact selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    - un entraînement de commutation comprenant un entraînement électromécanique (40) pour le déplacement des contacts de commutation en direction de l'axe des chambres de coupure sous vide (1, 3) du commutateur à double contact et
    - un commutateur à semi-conducteur de puissance (20) branché parallèlement à une paire de contacts (12, 41) s'ouvrant en premier dans le temps du commutateur à double contact comprenant un premier et un second raccordements,
    - dans lequel le premier raccordement du commutateur à semi-conducteur de puissance (20) et la première électrode mobile (11) du commutateur à double contact sont connectés au premier raccordement électrique de l'appareil de commutation hybride et la première électrode mobile (11) est connectée de manière fixe à une paroi de boîtier de l'appareil de commutation hybride,
    - dans lequel l'électrode restant fixée (4) du commutateur à double contact est connectée au second raccordement du commutateur à semi-conducteur de puissance (20),
    - dans lequel la seconde électrode mobile (31) du commutateur à double contact est électriquement connectée à une partie mobile de l'entraînement de commutation et
    - dans lequel le tube de commutation du commutateur à double contact est placé de manière à pouvoir se déplacer le long de son axe longitudinal jusqu'à une butée dans le boîtier de l'appareil de commutation hybride.
EP17716245.0A 2016-05-03 2017-04-10 Commutateur à double contact comportant des chambres de coupure sous vide Active EP3453044B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016108246.5A DE102016108246A1 (de) 2016-05-03 2016-05-03 Doppelkontakt-Schalter mit Vakuumschaltkammern
PCT/EP2017/058569 WO2017190915A1 (fr) 2016-05-03 2017-04-10 Commutateur à double contact comportant des chambres de coupure sous vide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3453044A1 EP3453044A1 (fr) 2019-03-13
EP3453044B1 true EP3453044B1 (fr) 2023-02-15

Family

ID=58503648

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17716245.0A Active EP3453044B1 (fr) 2016-05-03 2017-04-10 Commutateur à double contact comportant des chambres de coupure sous vide

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Country Link
EP (1) EP3453044B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016108246A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3453044T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017190915A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017127886A1 (de) 2017-11-24 2019-05-29 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Schaltvorrichtung zum Führen und Trennen von elektrischen Strömen und Schaltgerät mit einer derartigen Schaltvorrichtung
EP3951820B1 (fr) * 2020-08-06 2024-05-08 ABB Schweiz AG Disjoncteur haute ou moyenne tension

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH457582A (de) * 1967-02-21 1968-06-15 Sprecher & Schuh Ag Vakuumschalteinrichtung mit zwei Arbeitskontakten zum Unterbrechen von Wechselstrom
DE8314797U1 (de) * 1983-05-19 1985-10-10 Sachsenwerk, Licht- und Kraft-AG, 8000 München Vakuumschalter mit Doppelunterbrechung
DE8804675U1 (fr) * 1988-04-07 1989-08-03 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen, De
JPH0567414A (ja) * 1991-09-06 1993-03-19 Toshiba Corp 真空バルブ
DE102010045901B4 (de) * 2010-09-17 2012-12-27 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Stufenschalter und Vakuumschaltröhre für einen solchen Stufenschalter
DE102013114260A1 (de) 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg Doppelkontakt-Schalter mit Vakuumschaltkammern

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3453044T3 (pl) 2023-04-24
WO2017190915A1 (fr) 2017-11-09
DE102016108246A1 (de) 2017-11-09
EP3453044A1 (fr) 2019-03-13

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