Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
  • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
  • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
  • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
  • F28D1/0475—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
  • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
  • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
  • F28D2021/0085—Evaporators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2215/00—Fins
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2230/00—Sealing means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
  • F28F2265/16—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing leakage
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for combustible refrigerants, preferably for a rail vehicle, the heat exchanger having a hollow cuboid-shaped housing, in the interior of which refrigerant lines are arranged as a tube-lamella package or as a tube-in-tube lamella package are configured, the hollow cuboid housing being equipped with lamellae on the inside of a closed side surface and wherein at least a portion of the outside of this closed side surface can be brought into operative connection with the passenger compartment.
• Flammable refrigerants for the air conditioning of rail vehicles have not been used to date due to the associated risks, in particular explosion and fire.
• One way to minimize these risks and thus also enable them to be used in rail vehicles is to use secondary circulation systems.
• the required refrigeration (or heating) power is provided in a known compression refrigeration circuit in a primary circuit, which is arranged outside the vehicle and has no direct connection to the vehicle interior, using a combustible refrigerant.
• This cooling capacity is transferred to a secondary circuit using a heat exchanger.
• This secondary circuit is typically a brine circuit, with the refrigerant e.g. Water-glycol mixtures can be used.
• DE 196 25 927 C2 describes a device for heating and cooling a bus with an air conditioning system with a primary refrigerant circuit.
• the chiller with the primary refrigerant circuit is located under the floor of the passenger compartment.
• the primary refrigerant circuit is operatively connected to a secondary refrigerant circuit via an intermediate heat exchanger. This secondary coolant circuit is largely arranged in the interior of the bus and realizes the temperature of the passenger compartment.
• a cooling device for a work vehicle is known from EP 1 520 737 A1.
• a primary refrigerant circuit is located outside the work cabin and is operatively connected to a secondary refrigerant circuit via an intermediate heat exchanger.
• the secondary coolant circuit is predominantly arranged in the interior of the work cabin and takes over its temperature control.
• WO 2018/137 908 A1 relates to a rail vehicle with a primary refrigerant circuit, which is arranged outside the vehicle and structurally separated from the passenger compartment.
• a secondary coolant circuit is at least partially arranged within the rail vehicle.
• the heat exchange between the primary refrigerant circuit and the secondary refrigerant circuit takes place through an intermediate heat exchanger, which is preferably arranged under the floor. As a result, the primary refrigerant circuit is completely outside the interior of the rail vehicle.
• Such an air conditioning system enables a good use of the available space.
• refrigerants can be used for the circuit arranged outside of the passenger compartment, which for safety-related aspects have so far not been used or have hardly been used for the air conditioning of passenger compartments in order to avoid problems due to uncontrolled leakage of the refrigerant in the event of malfunctions.
• propane for example, which is very suitable as a refrigerant from a functional point of view, but is hardly used due to its flammability.
• the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger for an air conditioning system with which the existing safety risks of previous heat exchangers are avoided, so that secondary circuits are dispensed with and a direct system can instead be implemented.
• This heat exchanger should preferably be suitable for a rail vehicle.
• the heat exchanger has a hollow cuboid housing, which is designed as a subassembly that can be gas-tightly sealed off from the passenger compartment, with only permanently sealed sections of the refrigerant lines being arranged in the interior of the hollow cuboid housing, the connection points of which are each arranged completely outside the hollow cuboid housing and wherein the hollow cuboid housing is equipped with at least one sealing frame and / or with at least two sealing plates in such a way that in the installed position of the Heat exchanger, the connections of the refrigerant lines are arranged in an area that is sealed off from the passenger compartment and ventilated to the outside.
• the sealing frame is formed by two closed side walls arranged opposite one another and two end walls arranged perpendicularly to the side walls and lying opposite one another on the open surfaces of the hollow cuboid housing.
• the hollow cuboid housing is equipped with a sealing coating on the two front wall surfaces.
• the sealing frame is formed by a separating segment which is arranged on the closed side surface and is designed with a circumferential flange.
• a heat exchanger for an air conditioning system which allows the use of combustible refrigerants in a direct evaporation system, preferably for rail vehicles.
• the entire air flow to the passenger compartment is designed to be pressure-tight and gas-tight with respect to the refrigerant-carrying areas, so that a secure partition between the passenger compartment and the combustible refrigerant is guaranteed.
• One embodiment provides that the refrigerant lines are each separately stored and sealed on the opposite open end walls of the hollow cuboid housing.
• the tube-lamella package is considered to be permanently sealed. If the heat exchanger is designed with a tube-lamella package, only this is in the air flow to the passenger compartment and is therefore connected to it directly. All other components of the refrigeration cycle (pipes, connection points and other components) are arranged outside the airway to the passenger compartment and separated from it in a gastight manner.
• the refrigerant lines are designed in a tube-in-tube arrangement in such a way that the inner tube is designed as a multi-circumferential tube coil and that each tube coil section is enclosed in the hollow cuboid housing by an outer tube in each case.
• Each outer pipe is open on both sides and, in the event of a malfunction, ensures that leakage is discharged into the outer area. If the inner tube were to leak, the escaping gaseous refrigerant in the outer tube would be separated in a gas-tight manner from the passenger compartment Area led outwards and thus prevents entry into the air duct to the passenger compartment.
• the tube-in-tube arrangement can be designed in such a way that the inner tube has ribbing, which is preferably made straight or cylindrically turned. After expansion, this ribbing enables mechanical and thermal contact with the outer tube, leaving a free air space.
• a heat exchanger can be designed in three basic variants:
• a rubber or plastic wall can be provided on the inside of the sheet metal plate or a plastic bushing for guiding / sealing the tube in the sheet metal plate is provided. This is possible both for the simple pipe version and for the pipe-in-pipe version.
• the sheet is arranged on the outside for the holder and the rubber or plastic is arranged on the inside.
• the tubes can be implemented in both variants as a simple tube or as a tube-in-tube version.
• no coating on the inside or plastic bushing is necessary to seal the pipes on the outside holding plate. Because in this version, the sealing function is performed by the inner rubber all around.
• sealing plates are each arranged on the opposite end walls on the open surfaces of the hollow cuboid housing. In relation to the interior of the hollow cuboid housing, these sealing plates are arranged within a holding plate that forms the load-bearing structure of the end wall and are fastened to the hollow cuboid housing by means of a circumferential elastic connection designed as a flexible sealing seam.
• the sealing plates each have openings for the passage of the refrigerant lines.
• the openings in the sealing plates are produced by punching, lasering or drilling and are designed in such a way that expanded refrigerant lines can be introduced into these openings are.
• the openings in the sealing plates can be designed with a passage as a collar for receiving expanded refrigerant lines.
• Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the heat exchanger in side view
• Fig. 2 shows the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 in a perspective view
• Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the heat exchanger in side view
• Fig. 4 shows the heat exchanger according to FIG. 3 in a perspective view
• Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of the heat exchanger in side view
• FIG. 6 shows a detail of the heat exchanger according to FIG. 5 in an enlarged representation in two alternative embodiments
• Fig. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the heat exchanger in a perspective view
• the heat exchanger shown in the drawing is suitable for air conditioning systems with a direct refrigerant circuit and is primarily designed for a rail vehicle. Such a design principle is known in principle. However, the concrete implementation of the basic idea is essential in the present situation. Accordingly, the heat exchanger comprises a gas-tight partition that can be functionally configured as an air guiding element to the passenger compartment. This assembly has a hollow cuboid housing with sealing elements.
• a sealing frame in a heat exchanger with a tube-lamella package is formed by two opposing closed side walls 1 and 2 and two to these walls 1; 2 vertically arranged and opposite end walls 3 and 4 on the end faces of the hollow cuboid housing.
• the wall surfaces are each equipped with a sealing coating. 1
• the end wall 3 has a sealing coating 5
• the end wall 4 has a sealing coating 6.
• refrigerant lines Only permanently gas-tight sections of refrigerant lines are arranged in the interior of the hollow cuboid housing. These can alternatively be designed as a tube-lamella package (FIGS. 1-4) or as a tube-in-tube arrangement (FIGS. 5 and 6).
• the corresponding tube package is designated by reference number 7.
• the connections of the refrigerant lines are each arranged completely outside the cuboid housing.
• the hollow cuboid housing is equipped with lamellae on the inside of a side surface 8 which is perpendicular to the two closed side walls 1 and 2 and likewise closed.
• the corresponding plate pack is designated by reference number 9.
• At least a portion of the outside of the closed side surface 8 is brought into operative connection with the passenger compartment (not shown in more detail) in such a way that the connections of the refrigerant lines are arranged in an area that is sealed off from the passenger compartment in a gas-tight manner in the installed position of the hollow cuboid housing.
• the refrigerant lines are each separately stored on the opposite open end walls of the hollow cuboid housing and sealed separately. This can be done in different ways. For example, a sheet arranged on the face side for storing the refrigerant lines can be provided.
• the seal can e.g. over a sealing coating or over seals or over plastic elements. Regardless of the specific version for this purpose, the necessary functional reliability is achieved by separating the sealing and holding functions.
• FIG. 3 and 4 show a somewhat modified embodiment of the heat exchanger with a hollow cuboid housing.
• the refrigerant lines are also designed as a tube-lamella package.
• the sealing frame is formed by a separating segment 10 which is arranged on the closed side surface 8 and is designed with a circumferential flange.
• This separating segment 10 is preferably made of a hard rubber material and has partially reinforced flange connections.
• the two end walls 3 and 4 have a sealing function.
• the sealing frame is the area of the rubber part marked with the reference number 10 that is visible to the outside (air direction).
• the face plates have a supporting function here and represent a wall on the right and left.
• Fig. 5 shows a heat exchanger with refrigerant lines in a design as a tube-in-tube-lamella package.
• the basic structure largely corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
• the sealing frame is formed by two closed side walls 1 and 2 arranged opposite one another and two to these side walls 1; 2 vertically arranged and opposite end walls 3 and 4 on the open surfaces of the hollow cuboid housing.
• the heat exchanger includes also a tube packet 7 in the interior of the hollow cuboid housing and the plate packet 9 arranged on the inside of the closed side surface 8.
• the inner tube 13 is designed as a multi-rotating tube coil.
• Each pipe coil section is enclosed in the hollow cuboid housing by an outer pipe 14, the end faces of which are open.
• the inner tube 13 has ribs (not shown in the drawing) for thermal contact with the outer tube 14. This ribbing can be carried out, for example, in a straight or cylindrical manner.
• the open end faces of the outer pipe 14 enable leakage to be drained off, which represents a significant safety advantage over known constructions, particularly when using flammable refrigerants (e.g. propane).
• Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the heat exchanger with a hollow cuboid housing, which is designed functionally as an air guide element to the passenger compartment.
• the refrigerant lines are also designed as a tube-lamella package in the variant shown here.
• two sealing plates 15 and 16 are used to form a gas-tight sealable assembly.
• the sealing plates 15 and 16 are each arranged at the end of the plate pack and have no rigid connection to the supporting structure of the heat exchanger. The functions of holding and sealing are thus separated from each other and implemented with different components.
• the sealing plates 15 and 16 are designed to ensure a sufficient adhesive base (joint for the sealant) to the edge areas and pipe areas all around with an overhang in relation to the external dimensions of the lamellae.
• the sealing plates 15 and 16 are made at least as large as the lamella dimensions. If they are made larger in height, the plate pack is sealed by adapting the seal between the upper side wall 1 and / or the lower side wall 2 of the Heat exchanger. If the side walls 1 and / or 2 of the heat exchanger are designed to be removable, subsequent sealing of the sealing plates 15 and 16 is possible in a simple manner.
• the sealing plates 15 and 16 have openings 17 for the passage of the refrigerant lines of the tube packs 7.
• the openings 17 are designed such that expanded refrigerant lines can be introduced into them. It is thus achieved that the two sealing plates 15 and 16 are arranged firmly and tightly on the refrigerant lines. This can be achieved by designing punched openings 17, lasered openings 17 or drilled openings 17 in the sealing plates 15 and 16 as a pipe leadthrough.
• sealing plates 15 and 16 can be configured with sections of turned fins in the pipe lead-through in connection with expanded refrigerant lines. With rotated fins, a better bearing support for the passage of the refrigerant lines is achieved by making it possible to align the pull-through collar of the finned tube openings with the respective sealing plate 15 or 16.
• the openings 17 can be designed with a passage as a collar for receiving expanded refrigerant lines. This results in a better cylindrical support of the refrigerant lines, which enables a reduced notch effect and a better sealing effect.
• the end walls are each designed as separate components in the form of a holding plate 18 and 19.
• These holding plates 18 and 19 functionally form the supporting structure of the respective end wall.
• One of the two sealing plates 15 and 16 is provided on the opposite open surfaces of the hollow cuboid housing, these sealing plates 15 and 16 being arranged within the holding plates 18 and 19 in relation to the interior of the hollow cuboid housing.
• the holding plates 18 and 19 consequently arranged on the outside have openings through which both ventilation and pressure compensation to the outside are possible.
• the sealing plates 15 and 16 are preferably fastened to the hollow cuboid housing by means of an all-round elastic connection designed as a flexible sealing seam 20 and thus have no direct, fixed connection to the supporting structure of the Heat exchanger.
• the circumferential sealing seam is durable and sealed against pressure fluctuations or pressure waves up to at least +/- 10 kPa.
• the free area between the sealing plates 15 and 16 arranged on both sides and the load-bearing outer side walls of the heat exchanger can be designed in various ways, for example by a sealing mat inserted in the cavity or by all-round elastic injected adhesive or by pouring the entire cavity using an elastic sealing compound or with a seal glued on one side. Furthermore, for example, an additional seal is possible with a temperature-resistant fleece between the sealing plates 15 and 16 and the holding plates 18 and 19. The actual sealing to form a partitionable area then takes place via the holding plates 18 and 19 when the heat exchanger is installed in a fixed position to the housing.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2020
  • 2020-01-27 CA CA3123988A patent/CA3123988C/en active Active
  • 2020-01-27 DE DE112020000570.4T patent/DE112020000570A5/de active Pending
  • 2020-01-27 KR KR1020217022879A patent/KR102598605B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2020-01-27 EP EP20711035.4A patent/EP3911906A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-01-27 JP JP2021534626A patent/JP2022518350A/ja active Pending
  • 2020-01-27 BR BR112021012046-7A patent/BR112021012046A2/pt unknown
  • 2020-01-27 CN CN202080011373.2A patent/CN113366276B/zh active Active
  • 2020-01-27 DE DE202020100401.8U patent/DE202020100401U1/de active Active
  • 2020-01-27 AU AU2020214096A patent/AU2020214096B2/en active Active
  • 2020-01-27 WO PCT/DE2020/100049 patent/WO2020156615A1/de unknown
  • 2020-01-27 EA EA202191921A patent/EA202191921A1/ru unknown
  • 2020-01-27 US US17/419,696 patent/US20220082330A1/en active Pending
• 2021
  • 2021-07-07 IL IL284676A patent/IL284676A/en unknown

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