EP3900833B1 - Vorrichtung zur entspelzung von spelzgetreide - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur entspelzung von spelzgetreide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3900833B1
EP3900833B1 EP20171114.0A EP20171114A EP3900833B1 EP 3900833 B1 EP3900833 B1 EP 3900833B1 EP 20171114 A EP20171114 A EP 20171114A EP 3900833 B1 EP3900833 B1 EP 3900833B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disk
husk
grain
cereal
electric motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20171114.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3900833A1 (de
Inventor
Ralf Hübner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lehner Maschinenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Lehner Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lehner Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical Lehner Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority to PL20171114.0T priority Critical patent/PL3900833T3/pl
Priority to EP20171114.0A priority patent/EP3900833B1/de
Priority to US17/920,498 priority patent/US20230149936A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2021/059899 priority patent/WO2021213915A1/de
Priority to CA3180989A priority patent/CA3180989A1/en
Publication of EP3900833A1 publication Critical patent/EP3900833A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3900833B1 publication Critical patent/EP3900833B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
    • B02B3/02—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C7/00—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
    • B02C7/18—Disc mills specially adapted for grain
    • B02C7/184—Disc mills specially adapted for grain with vertical axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/20—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C7/00—Crushing or disintegrating by disc mills
    • B02C7/18—Disc mills specially adapted for grain
    • B02C7/186—Adjusting, applying pressure to, or controlling distance between, discs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for dehusking husked grain, in particular as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for producing dehusked husked grain seed.
  • husked grain In contrast to the so-called naked grain, the grains of which can be exposed by threshing, husked grain has husks tightly closed around the grains, which are indigestible for humans and have to be removed in special devices. Spelled grains include spelled, einkorn, emmer or rice as well as oats, millet and buckwheat. With these types of grain, it is necessary to remove the husk before processing. For this purpose, so-called hulling mills are known from the general state of the art, for example for husked grain. In the case of the grain variety spelled in particular, the term dehusking is used in this context.
  • DE 38 03 858 A1 shows a spelled peeling machine in which a rotatable grating disc and a non-rotatable grating disc are arranged in a housing in such a way that the axes of the grating discs are horizontal so that the discs' own weight does not affect the gap distance between the discs.
  • the friction discs are provided with friction grooves that run from the inside to the outside in a star shape and a V-shaped or truncated cone-shaped have cross section.
  • the friction discs can be made entirely or partially of rubber or plastic.
  • the AT 357 009 B shows a device for removing fruit skin and pulp and for partially drying washed cereals and legumes.
  • a seed peeler which comprises two partially elastic disks.
  • the rotating and non-rotating peeling disks can be constructed in such a way that the side facing the fruit is made of plastic or rubber.
  • the two last-mentioned devices have horizontal axes of the peeling devices, so that high mechanical stresses arise during the dehusking of husked grain, which are generated by grain falling downwards, which grains are not distributed symmetrically in the peeling device.
  • the SU 166 2412 A1 shows a separating device for beating awns from seeds.
  • the separator includes a lower and an upper disk with pins. It also includes an annular aspiration channel.
  • the diameter of the upper disk is larger than the diameter of the lower disk and the outer wall of the surrounding aspiration channel.
  • the peripheral peripheral portion of the upper disc is downwardly curved to direct semen thrown via the aspiration channel into an annular collection area.
  • a device for the dehusking of husked grain in particular as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for the production of dehusked husked grain seed, which has a peeling device which comprises a first disk and a second disk movable relative to the first disk, which can be driven about a vertical axis of rotation, with the discs enclosing a working space between their main surfaces having a surface made of a plastic material, which can be filled with husked grain from the side opposite the second disc through a filling opening in the first disc in the region of its center, with rotation of the second disc, the grain and husk of the husked grain are peeled off by a radial movement along the discs, so that the grain and husk of the husked grain leave the peeling device on its outer circumference via an outlet opening, which opens into a collecting vessel via a downpipe, with the downpipe having a lateral has air inlet opening, which is subjected to an
  • a peeling device for removing husk is expanded in such a way that the functionality of an air separator is supplemented in order to separate the husk via an air stream.
  • the grain and husk of the husked grain leave the peeling device via the outlet opening, with only the grain being received in the collecting vessel, while the husk leaves the downpipe at the side. Accordingly, it is not necessary, as has already been shown in the prior art, to provide separate devices for dehusking and air classification.
  • the device according to the invention has a peeling device, in which the movable second disk is driven about the vertically arranged axis of rotation.
  • the main surfaces of the disks enclose the working space in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, so that the filling opening ensures even distribution when filling over the two disks of the peeling device.
  • there are no asymmetrical thermal loads in the peeling device which significantly improves the service life of the device according to the invention.
  • Such a structure is particularly advantageous for the dehusking of husked grain in small quantities or for analysis purposes in a quality control laboratory, since dehusking and separation of grain and husk takes place in a single step. Due to the homogeneous temperature distribution inside the peeling work, the discs of the peeling work can be chosen to be relatively compact in terms of their dimensions, so that a handy device can be created that is easy to operate and versatile.
  • the first pane and the second pane each have a carrier plate, which are preferably made of aluminum.
  • the two discs each advantageously have a carrier plate, with carrier plates made of aluminum being used in particular, which has high thermal conductivity, has the necessary mechanical stability and can still be manufactured inexpensively .
  • carrier plates made of aluminum which has high thermal conductivity, has the necessary mechanical stability and can still be manufactured inexpensively .
  • Other high thermal conductivity materials such as metals such as copper or metal alloys can also be used.
  • the temperature-stable and elastic material is a plastic material or natural rubber.
  • a food grade polyurethane may be applied to the major surfaces of the first disc or the second disc.
  • the plastic material can also be made of silicone on the main surfaces of the first pane or the second pane.
  • a plastic material which can be selected in particular as food-safe polyurethane for dehulling husked grain.
  • a silicone material is advantageous, since husked grain grain dehusked with such discs has a high driving force after leaving the device according to the invention.
  • the temperature-stable and elastic material is connected to the carrier plate in a form-fitting or material-locking manner.
  • the plastic material is glued onto the carrier plate, so that worn, temperature-stable and elastic material can be replaced in a simple manner.
  • overmolding the carrier plate or a vulcanizing process is also conceivable.
  • a blank made of a temperature-stable and elastic material can also be screwed onto the carrier plate, preferably by means of countersunk screws.
  • the second disk is coupled to an electric motor.
  • the second disk which is movable about the axis of rotation, is advantageously coupled to an electric motor, which can contain the axis of rotation directly as a component without further deflection or a gear arrangement.
  • a compact structure can be achieved in this way, in which the components of the electric motor are arranged in a space-saving manner around the vertical axis of rotation.
  • the electric motor is additionally coupled to a suction fan for generating the air flow.
  • a further electric motor can also be additionally coupled to a suction fan for generating the air flow.
  • the suction fan required to apply the air flow can also be coupled to the electric motor driving the second pane. It is also possible in other embodiments, alternatively another one Provide electric motor, which is used only for the suction fan.
  • the axial spacing of the disks can be adjusted in a variable manner.
  • the second disk can be provided with a spindle drive in order to set the distance from the first disk, in particular in a range between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.
  • the proportion of husk to be removed in relation to the entire grain before dehusking is quite considerable, so that, for example, when filling with approx. 5 liters of original husked grain grain, a collection container or collection bag of 6 liters or more is filled with the device according to the invention would be, while only 0.2 to 0.5 liters of dehusked husked grain grain are collected in the collecting vessel.
  • the invention uses an axial adjustment, the second disk being able to be moved in the axial direction relative to the first disk.
  • a spindle drive can be provided which, with corresponding precision threads, allows the distance between the two disks to be adjusted in a reproducible manner with great accuracy.
  • the distance will be varied in a range between 1mm and 10mm, with the distance being adjustable to within 0.1mm.
  • the second disc is moved together with the axis of rotation and the electric motor, with both the first disc and the second disc being assigned overlapping housing sections along the outer circumference of the peeling device, so that even when the distance between the first disc and the second disc, no gap is formed on the outer circumference through which the husk or husked grain could leave the device according to the invention.
  • the first disk is thermally connected to a base body of the device.
  • the first pane can advantageously be thermally connected to a base body of the device in order to be able to dissipate the heat generated during dehusking via the base body.
  • the main surface of the first disk is tapered back in a wedge shape towards the region of the filling opening in the radial direction opposite to the second disk.
  • the configuration of the area of the filling opening is particularly important for the first disk for easy filling with husked grain, with a wedge-shaped design that widens towards the center point having proven itself here in particular.
  • one or more scrapers are arranged below the second disk, which help the grain and husk of the husked grain to leave in the direction of the outlet opening.
  • the second disc is provided with a scraper or several scrapers which, due to the rotary movement of the second disc, push the material located under the second disc in the direction of the outlet opening.
  • a scraper or several scrapers which, due to the rotary movement of the second disc, push the material located under the second disc in the direction of the outlet opening.
  • a method for the dehusking of husked grain in particular as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain, and for the production of dehusked husked grain seed with a device as described above, is specified, which delivers approximately 1 kg of dehusked grain or seed per minute.
  • the device according to the invention can be used advantageously in a method for dehusking husked grain, so that production in a small mill is also conceivable here in addition to use in a laboratory.
  • the device according to the invention can also be used by a seed producer.
  • FIG 1 is a side view of a device 2 for the dehusking of husked grain, which can be used as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for the production of dehusked husked grain seed.
  • the device 2 has a peeling device 4 .
  • the peeling device 4 can be supplied with husked grain via a hopper 6 .
  • the supply of spelled grain via the funnel 6 can be adjusted by means of a slide 8, which can change a cross section inside the funnel 6 so that the amount that has reached the peeling device 4 can be adjusted.
  • Below the peeling device 4 is connected to an electric motor 10 connected to it, the function of which will be explained below.
  • the device 2 has an aspiration 12, which separates grain and husk from the peeling device 4, as will be explained below.
  • the device has a suction fan 14 which is connected to the aspiration 12 by means of a hose line 16 and, on the other hand, represents a connection to a collection container 20 via a further hose line 17 .
  • the husk separated from the grain is discharged via this path.
  • the grain ends up in the collecting vessel 24.
  • This process also referred to as air sifting, can be regulated both via a speed control of a further electric motor 26 of the suction fan 14 and via a further slide 18 at an outlet 22 of the collecting vessel 20.
  • the further slider 18 thus acts like an exhaust air throttle which limits the air flow through this path.
  • spelled can be filled into a transport bag, for example, at the lower end of the collecting container 20 , while the air leaves this path via the outlet 22 of the collecting container 20 .
  • a multi-part base body 30, 32, 34 connected by struts is provided, with the middle base body 30 being arranged above the suction fan 14, the lower base body 32 carrying the further electric motor 26 of the suction fan and the upper Base body 34 provides a conclusion of the peeling device 4.
  • the base bodies are connected to one another via corresponding struts 36 .
  • the peeling device 4 has a first disk 40 and a second disk 42 , the second disk being driven by the electric motor 10 via a vertically arranged axis of rotation 44 .
  • FIG 2 a sectional view of the device 2 is shown, the vertical sectional plane being placed centrally through the axis of rotation 44 . It can be seen that the aspiration 12 merges via an outlet opening 46 into a downpipe 48 whose lower end 50 is arranged above the collecting vessel 24 .
  • An air inlet opening 52 is provided on the side of the downpipe 48 and is connected to the hose line 16 and thus to the suction fan 14 via a suction channel 54 .
  • an air flow is generated via the suction fan 14 , which is set via the adjustability described above in such a way that spelled is separated from the suction fan 14 via the hose line 16 and does not get into the collecting vessel 24 .
  • both the first disc 40 and the second disc 42 are constructed in two parts, with the first disc 40 being constructed from a first carrier plate 62 and a first coating 64 made from a temperature-stable and elastic material, while the second disc 42 is made from a second support plate 66 and a second coating 68 from a temperature-stable and elastic material is formed.
  • the first disk 42 is connected to the upper base body 34 so that the base body 34 can absorb heat that is produced.
  • the first disk 40 is designed with a decreasing cross-section towards the axis of rotation 44 , the first disk 40 being in full-surface contact with the upper base body 34 , resulting in wedge-shaped depressions 70 that widen toward the axis of rotation 44 .
  • the first skin 64 and the second skin 68 being a plastic material, are typically bonded to the backing plates 62 and 66, respectively.
  • Food-safe polyurethane or a silicone material can be used here. In addition to these materials, ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers or a natural rubber material are also possible.
  • Different materials are usually used in the dehusking of husked grain and in the production of seeds.
  • another characteristic value is the slip resistance in relation to the husked grain, which should be taken into account when selecting the material.
  • the anti-slip properties can also be specifically modified via the surface texture, so that, depending on the material, smooth, corrugated or microstructured surfaces can also be used.
  • the choice of material allows the husked grain to be set into a rotational movement or twist, so that grain and husk separate completely while passing through the peeling device 4 without being peeled off locally.
  • the outlet opening 46 which leads to the downpipe 48 as described above, is located at one point on the circumference of the two discs 40, 42.
  • the electric motor 10 is directly connected to the second disk 42, the combination of the electric motor 10, the second disk 42, the downpipe 48 and the lower housing area 72 of the peeling device 4 can be displaced together in the axial direction of the axis of rotation 44 in order to be able to adjust the distance between the first disk 40 and the second disk 42, for example in a range between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.
  • the hose line 16 is designed to be flexible in order to be able to compensate for the changing distance between the aspiration 12 and the suction fan 14 when the assembly is adjusted.
  • Lateral housing sections 74 and 76 are designed to overlap, so that when the distance between the first disk 40 and the second disk 42 is adjusted, there are no lateral openings on the peeling device 4 .
  • the slit-shaped design of the air inlet opening 52 can also be clearly seen, and the design of the aspiration 12 on the inside is clear.
  • a part of the device 2 is shown again, in which a large part of the components of the peeling device 4 and parts lying below the aspiration 12 have been removed.
  • the area below the second disk 42 can be seen, with the lower housing area 72 still being present, which is arranged directly above the electric motor 10 . It can be seen that in the area below the second disk 42 there are two wipers 80 connected to it, which are firmly connected to the second disk 42, so that material is removed by the rotary movement of the second disk 42 in the direction of the outlet opening 46 during operation of the device 2 to be led.
  • a device 2 as described above can be used, which delivers approximately 1 kg of dehusked grain or seed per minute.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Adjustment And Processing Of Grains (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
EP20171114.0A 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Vorrichtung zur entspelzung von spelzgetreide Active EP3900833B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL20171114.0T PL3900833T3 (pl) 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Urządzenie do obłuszczania ziarna zbożowego bez przylistków
EP20171114.0A EP3900833B1 (de) 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Vorrichtung zur entspelzung von spelzgetreide
US17/920,498 US20230149936A1 (en) 2020-04-23 2021-04-16 Apparatus for removing the husk from grain
PCT/EP2021/059899 WO2021213915A1 (de) 2020-04-23 2021-04-16 Vorrichtung zur entspelzung von spelzgetreide
CA3180989A CA3180989A1 (en) 2020-04-23 2021-04-16 Device for the dehusking of husk cereals

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20171114.0A EP3900833B1 (de) 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Vorrichtung zur entspelzung von spelzgetreide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3900833A1 EP3900833A1 (de) 2021-10-27
EP3900833B1 true EP3900833B1 (de) 2023-08-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20171114.0A Active EP3900833B1 (de) 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Vorrichtung zur entspelzung von spelzgetreide

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20230149936A1 (pl)
EP (1) EP3900833B1 (pl)
CA (1) CA3180989A1 (pl)
PL (1) PL3900833T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2021213915A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4196278A1 (de) * 2020-08-13 2023-06-21 Lehner Maschinenbau GmbH Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung von entspelztem dinkel-saatgut
CN115487902B (zh) * 2022-11-03 2023-12-26 余姚绿谷工坊食品有限公司 一种抹茶粉研磨设备

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE270156C (pl)
DE306225C (pl)
US2791254A (en) 1954-03-10 1957-05-07 Carl J Crane Resilient disc type seed sheller
DE1296500B (de) * 1965-02-12 1969-05-29 Buschhoff Th Ag Wurfradschaeler fuer Getreide
DE2633275C3 (de) 1976-07-23 1981-05-27 Steinmetz-Patent-Müllerei KG, 2209 Krempe Verfahren zum Enthülsen und teilweise Trocknen von gewaschenem Getreide und Maschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
SE442826B (sv) * 1984-06-12 1986-02-03 Forenede Bryggerier As Forfarande och apparatur for bearbetning av spannmal (sed)
DE3803858A1 (de) 1988-02-09 1989-08-17 Manfred Heger Dinkelschaelmaschine
SU1662412A1 (ru) * 1988-07-18 1991-07-15 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт механизации сельского хозяйства Шасталка
DE4407621B4 (de) * 1994-03-08 2005-03-10 Hawo S Kornmuehlen Gmbh Mahlwerk für eine Kornmühle
DE102016115621B4 (de) * 2016-08-23 2019-07-18 Lehner Agrar Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von entspelztem Dinkel-Saatgut und Verfahren hierzu
US20190262837A1 (en) * 2018-02-23 2019-08-29 Orenda Automation Technologies Inc. Gap adjusting system for a disc mill assembly of a reducing machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3900833A1 (de) 2021-10-27
WO2021213915A1 (de) 2021-10-28
CA3180989A1 (en) 2021-10-28
PL3900833T3 (pl) 2023-10-09
US20230149936A1 (en) 2023-05-18

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