EP3900833B1 - Device for dehulling bracted grain - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for dehusking husked grain, in particular as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for producing dehusked husked grain seed.

In contrast to the so-called naked grain, the grains of which can be exposed by threshing, husked grain has husks tightly closed around the grains, which are indigestible for humans and have to be removed in special devices. Spelled grains include spelled, einkorn, emmer or rice as well as oats, millet and buckwheat. With these types of grain, it is necessary to remove the husk before processing. For this purpose, so-called hulling mills are known from the general state of the art, for example for husked grain. In the case of the grain variety spelled in particular, the term dehusking is used in this context.

Other devices known from the prior art include so-called underrunner peeling devices, in which dehusking is carried out between stone wheels. However, devices of this type can often lead to damage to the surface of the grain, so that the ability of the grain to germinate cannot be guaranteed with devices of this type from the prior art.

In the DE 38 03 858 A1 shows a spelled peeling machine in which a rotatable grating disc and a non-rotatable grating disc are arranged in a housing in such a way that the axes of the grating discs are horizontal so that the discs' own weight does not affect the gap distance between the discs. The friction discs are provided with friction grooves that run from the inside to the outside in a star shape and a V-shaped or truncated cone-shaped have cross section. The friction discs can be made entirely or partially of rubber or plastic.

The AT 357 009 B shows a device for removing fruit skin and pulp and for partially drying washed cereals and legumes.

In the U.S. 2,791,254 A a seed peeler is presented which comprises two partially elastic disks. For this purpose, the rotating and non-rotating peeling disks can be constructed in such a way that the side facing the fruit is made of plastic or rubber.

In the DE 306225 describes a machine for dehusking grain, in which the grain is guided against a full disc which rotates rapidly in a housing and which is provided with ledges on the circumference which produce air vortices inside the housing which cause the entrained husks to open.

In the DE 270156 a mill with an attached centrifugal classifier is described, in which the classifying vane is used for peeling and dehulling (husking, coarse grains) by replacing the drum shell surrounding it, for the purpose of doing the three jobs, dehulling, hulling and preparing flour, with one and the same machine can.

In particular, the two last-mentioned devices have horizontal axes of the peeling devices, so that high mechanical stresses arise during the dehusking of husked grain, which are generated by grain falling downwards, which grains are not distributed symmetrically in the peeling device.

In the DE 10 2016 115 621 A1 describes a method and a device for producing hulled spelled seed with an underrunner peeling device that contains two disks that can be moved relative to one another, with at least one disk being drivable about a vertical axis of rotation and the disks between disk surfaces that face one another and are vertically spaced from one another flat annular working space for receiving spelled seed, at least one of the disc faces having a surface of a plastics material.

The SU 166 2412 A1 shows a separating device for beating awns from seeds. The separator includes a lower and an upper disk with pins. It also includes an annular aspiration channel. The diameter of the upper disk is larger than the diameter of the lower disk and the outer wall of the surrounding aspiration channel. The peripheral peripheral portion of the upper disc is downwardly curved to direct semen thrown via the aspiration channel into an annular collection area.

Due to the increasing use of husked grain as a type of grain in food production, large-scale plants have become established in which the husk and grain are separated in a separate plant only after the husks have been removed.

Against this background, the inventor or inventors have now set themselves the task of creating an improved device for dehusking husked grain, in particular with regard to the separation of grain and husk, which can be used as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for the production of dehusked husked grain seed can be used.

Independent claim 1 solves this problem. Further advantageous configurations of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. These can be combined with one another in a technologically sensible manner. The description, in particular in connection with the drawing, additionally characterizes and specifies the invention.

According to the invention, a device for the dehusking of husked grain, in particular as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for the production of dehusked husked grain seed, is specified, which has a peeling device which comprises a first disk and a second disk movable relative to the first disk, which can be driven about a vertical axis of rotation, with the discs enclosing a working space between their main surfaces having a surface made of a plastic material, which can be filled with husked grain from the side opposite the second disc through a filling opening in the first disc in the region of its center, with rotation of the second disc, the grain and husk of the husked grain are peeled off by a radial movement along the discs, so that the grain and husk of the husked grain leave the peeling device on its outer circumference via an outlet opening, which opens into a collecting vessel via a downpipe, with the downpipe having a lateral has air inlet opening, which is subjected to an air flow in such a way that spelled leaves the downpipe at the side in front of the collecting vessel.

Accordingly, in the device according to the invention, a peeling device for removing husk is expanded in such a way that the functionality of an air separator is supplemented in order to separate the husk via an air stream. The grain and husk of the husked grain leave the peeling device via the outlet opening, with only the grain being received in the collecting vessel, while the husk leaves the downpipe at the side. Accordingly, it is not necessary, as has already been shown in the prior art, to provide separate devices for dehusking and air classification. Furthermore, the device according to the invention has a peeling device, in which the movable second disk is driven about the vertically arranged axis of rotation. The main surfaces of the disks enclose the working space in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, so that the filling opening ensures even distribution when filling over the two disks of the peeling device. In contrast to the already known mills with a horizontal axis of rotation, there are no asymmetrical thermal loads in the peeling device, which significantly improves the service life of the device according to the invention. Such a structure is particularly advantageous for the dehusking of husked grain in small quantities or for analysis purposes in a quality control laboratory, since dehusking and separation of grain and husk takes place in a single step. Due to the homogeneous temperature distribution inside the peeling work, the discs of the peeling work can be chosen to be relatively compact in terms of their dimensions, so that a handy device can be created that is easy to operate and versatile.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first pane and the second pane each have a carrier plate, which are preferably made of aluminum.

It has been shown that for a homogeneous temperature distribution inside the peeling mechanism, the two discs each advantageously have a carrier plate, with carrier plates made of aluminum being used in particular, which has high thermal conductivity, has the necessary mechanical stability and can still be manufactured inexpensively . Other high thermal conductivity materials such as metals such as copper or metal alloys can also be used.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature-stable and elastic material is a plastic material or natural rubber. A food grade polyurethane may be applied to the major surfaces of the first disc or the second disc. However, the plastic material can also be made of silicone on the main surfaces of the first pane or the second pane.

However, materials with high thermal conductivity are unsuitable for dehulling husked grain, so that the area of the two discs delimiting the working space is covered with a plastic material, which can be selected in particular as food-safe polyurethane for dehulling husked grain. For the dehusking of husked grain for the production of seed, it has been found that a silicone material is advantageous, since husked grain grain dehusked with such discs has a high driving force after leaving the device according to the invention.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature-stable and elastic material is connected to the carrier plate in a form-fitting or material-locking manner.

Advantageously, the plastic material is glued onto the carrier plate, so that worn, temperature-stable and elastic material can be replaced in a simple manner. However, overmolding the carrier plate or a vulcanizing process is also conceivable. In other applications, a blank made of a temperature-stable and elastic material can also be screwed onto the carrier plate, preferably by means of countersunk screws.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the second disk is coupled to an electric motor.

The second disk, which is movable about the axis of rotation, is advantageously coupled to an electric motor, which can contain the axis of rotation directly as a component without further deflection or a gear arrangement. A compact structure can be achieved in this way, in which the components of the electric motor are arranged in a space-saving manner around the vertical axis of rotation.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the electric motor is additionally coupled to a suction fan for generating the air flow. Alternatively, however, a further electric motor can also be additionally coupled to a suction fan for generating the air flow.

The suction fan required to apply the air flow can also be coupled to the electric motor driving the second pane. It is also possible in other embodiments, alternatively another one Provide electric motor, which is used only for the suction fan.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the axial spacing of the disks can be adjusted in a variable manner. The second disk can be provided with a spindle drive in order to set the distance from the first disk, in particular in a range between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.

In the case of husked grain in particular, the proportion of husk to be removed in relation to the entire grain before dehusking is quite considerable, so that, for example, when filling with approx. 5 liters of original husked grain grain, a collection container or collection bag of 6 liters or more is filled with the device according to the invention would be, while only 0.2 to 0.5 liters of dehusked husked grain grain are collected in the collecting vessel. In order to be able to adjust the dehusking process precisely, it is also necessary to precisely adjust the position of the two panes relative to one another. The invention uses an axial adjustment, the second disk being able to be moved in the axial direction relative to the first disk. For this purpose, in particular, a spindle drive can be provided which, with corresponding precision threads, allows the distance between the two disks to be adjusted in a reproducible manner with great accuracy. Typically, the distance will be varied in a range between 1mm and 10mm, with the distance being adjustable to within 0.1mm. In the device according to the invention, the second disc is moved together with the axis of rotation and the electric motor, with both the first disc and the second disc being assigned overlapping housing sections along the outer circumference of the peeling device, so that even when the distance between the first disc and the second disc, no gap is formed on the outer circumference through which the husk or husked grain could leave the device according to the invention.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first disk is thermally connected to a base body of the device.

Since only the second pane is moved, the first pane can advantageously be thermally connected to a base body of the device in order to be able to dissipate the heat generated during dehusking via the base body.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the main surface of the first disk is tapered back in a wedge shape towards the region of the filling opening in the radial direction opposite to the second disk.

The configuration of the area of the filling opening is particularly important for the first disk for easy filling with husked grain, with a wedge-shaped design that widens towards the center point having proven itself here in particular.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, one or more scrapers are arranged below the second disk, which help the grain and husk of the husked grain to leave in the direction of the outlet opening.

In order to improve the exit of grain and husk, the second disc is provided with a scraper or several scrapers which, due to the rotary movement of the second disc, push the material located under the second disc in the direction of the outlet opening. As a result of the centrifugal forces, grain and husk reach the outlet opening, which therefore only has to be arranged over a small area on the outer circumference of the peeling device, so that the downpipe only has to have a small diameter.

Furthermore, a method for the dehusking of husked grain, in particular as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain, and for the production of dehusked husked grain seed with a device as described above, is specified, which delivers approximately 1 kg of dehusked grain or seed per minute.

For small amounts of up to 200 kg, for example, the device according to the invention can be used advantageously in a method for dehusking husked grain, so that production in a small mill is also conceivable here in addition to use in a laboratory. The device according to the invention can also be used by a seed producer.

Figur 1

eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von entspelztem Spelzgetreide-Saatgut in einer Seitenansicht,

Figur 2

die Vorrichtung aus Figur 1 in einer Schnittansicht,

Figur 3

ein Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aus Figur 2 in der Schnittansicht;

Figur 4

ein weiteres Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht mit teilweise entfernten Komponenten; und

Figur 5

ein weiteres Detail der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einer Seitenansicht.

Exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

figure 1

an embodiment of a device according to the invention for producing dehulled hulled cereal seed in a side view,

figure 2

the device off figure 1 in a sectional view,

figure 3

a detail of the device according to the invention figure 2 in the sectional view;

figure 4

a further detail of the device according to the invention in a side view with partially removed components; and

figure 5

another detail of the device according to the invention in a side view.

In the figures, components that are the same or have the same effect are provided with the same reference symbols.

In figure 1 is a side view of a device 2 for the dehusking of husked grain, which can be used as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for the production of dehusked husked grain seed. For this purpose, the device 2 has a peeling device 4 . The peeling device 4 can be supplied with husked grain via a hopper 6 . The supply of spelled grain via the funnel 6 can be adjusted by means of a slide 8, which can change a cross section inside the funnel 6 so that the amount that has reached the peeling device 4 can be adjusted. Below the peeling device 4 is connected to an electric motor 10 connected to it, the function of which will be explained below.

Furthermore, the device 2 has an aspiration 12, which separates grain and husk from the peeling device 4, as will be explained below. For this purpose, the device has a suction fan 14 which is connected to the aspiration 12 by means of a hose line 16 and, on the other hand, represents a connection to a collection container 20 via a further hose line 17 . The husk separated from the grain is discharged via this path. The grain ends up in the collecting vessel 24. This process, also referred to as air sifting, can be regulated both via a speed control of a further electric motor 26 of the suction fan 14 and via a further slide 18 at an outlet 22 of the collecting vessel 20. The further slider 18 thus acts like an exhaust air throttle which limits the air flow through this path. In this case, spelled can be filled into a transport bag, for example, at the lower end of the collecting container 20 , while the air leaves this path via the outlet 22 of the collecting container 20 .

In order to provide the device 2 with mechanical stability, a multi-part base body 30, 32, 34 connected by struts is provided, with the middle base body 30 being arranged above the suction fan 14, the lower base body 32 carrying the further electric motor 26 of the suction fan and the upper Base body 34 provides a conclusion of the peeling device 4. The base bodies are connected to one another via corresponding struts 36 .

Inside, the peeling device 4 has a first disk 40 and a second disk 42 , the second disk being driven by the electric motor 10 via a vertically arranged axis of rotation 44 .

In figure 2 a sectional view of the device 2 is shown, the vertical sectional plane being placed centrally through the axis of rotation 44 . It can be seen that the aspiration 12 merges via an outlet opening 46 into a downpipe 48 whose lower end 50 is arranged above the collecting vessel 24 . An air inlet opening 52 is provided on the side of the downpipe 48 and is connected to the hose line 16 and thus to the suction fan 14 via a suction channel 54 . In the area of the air inlet opening 52 , an air flow is generated via the suction fan 14 , which is set via the adjustability described above in such a way that spelled is separated from the suction fan 14 via the hose line 16 and does not get into the collecting vessel 24 .

A more detailed representation of the peeling device 4 and the aspiration 12 is shown below in the enlarged representation of FIG figure 3 given. It can be seen that both the first disc 40 and the second disc 42 are constructed in two parts, with the first disc 40 being constructed from a first carrier plate 62 and a first coating 64 made from a temperature-stable and elastic material, while the second disc 42 is made from a second support plate 66 and a second coating 68 from a temperature-stable and elastic material is formed. The first disk 42 is connected to the upper base body 34 so that the base body 34 can absorb heat that is produced.

The first disk 40 is designed with a decreasing cross-section towards the axis of rotation 44 , the first disk 40 being in full-surface contact with the upper base body 34 , resulting in wedge-shaped depressions 70 that widen toward the axis of rotation 44 . By designing these wedge-shaped areas 70, the supply of husked grain in the area of a filling opening 78 near the axis of rotation 44 can be optimized. The first skin 64 and the second skin 68, being a plastic material, are typically bonded to the backing plates 62 and 66, respectively. Food-safe polyurethane or a silicone material can be used here. In addition to these materials, ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers or a natural rubber material are also possible. Different materials are usually used in the dehusking of husked grain and in the production of seeds. In addition to the elastic property and temperature stability, another characteristic value is the slip resistance in relation to the husked grain, which should be taken into account when selecting the material. The anti-slip properties can also be specifically modified via the surface texture, so that, depending on the material, smooth, corrugated or microstructured surfaces can also be used. The choice of material allows the husked grain to be set into a rotational movement or twist, so that grain and husk separate completely while passing through the peeling device 4 without being peeled off locally.

The outlet opening 46, which leads to the downpipe 48 as described above, is located at one point on the circumference of the two discs 40, 42. The electric motor 10 is directly connected to the second disk 42, the combination of the electric motor 10, the second disk 42, the downpipe 48 and the lower housing area 72 of the peeling device 4 can be displaced together in the axial direction of the axis of rotation 44 in order to be able to adjust the distance between the first disk 40 and the second disk 42, for example in a range between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.

For this reason, the hose line 16 is designed to be flexible in order to be able to compensate for the changing distance between the aspiration 12 and the suction fan 14 when the assembly is adjusted. Lateral housing sections 74 and 76 are designed to overlap, so that when the distance between the first disk 40 and the second disk 42 is adjusted, there are no lateral openings on the peeling device 4 . In the enlarged view of the figure 3 the slit-shaped design of the air inlet opening 52 can also be clearly seen, and the design of the aspiration 12 on the inside is clear. In figure 4 a part of the device 2 is shown again, in which a large part of the components of the peeling device 4 and parts lying below the aspiration 12 have been removed. In this embodiment, the area below the second disk 42 can be seen, with the lower housing area 72 still being present, which is arranged directly above the electric motor 10 . It can be seen that in the area below the second disk 42 there are two wipers 80 connected to it, which are firmly connected to the second disk 42, so that material is removed by the rotary movement of the second disk 42 in the direction of the outlet opening 46 during operation of the device 2 to be led.

Another aspect is discussed below with reference to figure 5 explained. One recognizes here a detailed view on the side of the electric motor 10, where figure 5 it can be seen that the electric motor 10 can be moved up or down on rails 84 via a plurality of slides 82, with the movement of the electric motor 10 taking place via a spindle drive 86 which has a handwheel 88 which sets a threaded rod 90 in rotary motion so that via a corresponding counter-element on the electric motor 10 (not in figure 5 shown), which is provided with an internal thread and is penetrated by the threaded rod 90, a vertical displacement of the electric motor 10 can be achieved. By choosing an appropriate thread form, for example as a fine thread, a very precise setting can be made here. A gear ratio would also be possible.

In a method for dehusking husked grain, in particular as a laboratory or small-scale peeler of husked grain and for producing dehusked husked grain seed, a device 2 as described above can be used, which delivers approximately 1 kg of dehusked grain or seed per minute.

The features specified above and in the claims, as well as the features that can be inferred from the illustrations, can be advantageously implemented both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of specialist knowledge.

List of references:

2

contraption

4

peeling device

6

funnel

8th

slider

10

electric motor

12

aspiration

14

suction fan

16

hose line

17

further hose line

18

another slider

20

collection container

22

Exit

24

collection vessel

26

another electric motor

30

middle body

32

lower body

34

upper body

36

striving

40

first slice

42

second disc

44

axis of rotation

46

exit port

48

downpipe

50

End

52

supply air opening

54

suction channel

62

first carrier plate

64

first coating

66

second carrier plate

68

second coating

70

wedge-shaped area

72

housing area

74

second housing section

76

first housing section

78

filling hole

80

scraper

82

glider

84

rails

86

spindle drive

88

handwheel

90

threaded rod

Claims (14)

1. An apparatus for dehusking husk cereal, in particular as a laboratory or small-quantity peeler of husk cereal, and for producing dehusked husk cereal seeds, which apparatus comprises a peeling device (4) having a first disk (40) and a second disk (42) which is movable relative to the first disk (40) and which can be driven about a vertical rotation shaft (44), the disks (40; 42) enclosing, between the main surfaces thereof, a working space, which can be filled with husk cereal by side opposite the second disk (42) via a filling opening (78) of the first disk (40) in the region of the center point thereof, grain and husk of the husk cereal being peeled by rotation of the second disk (42) by a radial movement along the disks (40; 42), so that grain and husk of the husk cereal leave the peeling device (4) on the outer periphery thereof via an outlet opening (46),
   characterized in that

   the main surfaces of the disks (40; 42) have a surface made of a temperature-stable and resilient material (64; 68), and

   the outlet opening (46) opens into a collecting vessel (24) via a downpipe (48), the downpipe (48) having a side supply-air opening (52) which is subjected to an air flow in such a way that husk leaves the downpipe (48) laterally upstream of the collecting vessel (24).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first disk (40) and the second disk (42) each have a carrier plate (62; 66), which is preferably made of aluminum.
3. The apparatus according to either claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the temperature-stable and resilient material (64; 68) is a plastics material or a natural rubber.
4. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature-stable and resilient material (64; 68) is fabricated with a smooth surface, a corrugation or a microstructure on the surface.
5. The apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the temperature-stable and resilient material (64; 68) is form-fittingly or integrally connected to the carrier plate (62; 66).
6. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second disk (42) is coupled to an electric motor (10).
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the electric motor (10) is additionally coupled to a suction fan (14) for generating the air flow.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a further electric motor (26) is additionally coupled to a suction fan (14) for generating the air flow.
9. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the axial distance of the disks (40; 42) is variably adjustable.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the second disk (42) is provided with a spindle drive (86) in order to adjust the distance to the first disk (40), in particular in a range between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.
11. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first disk (40) is thermally connected to a main body (30; 32; 34) of the apparatus (2).
12. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the main surface of the first disk (40) tapers in a wedge shape toward the region of the filling opening (78) in the radial direction opposite to the second disk (42).
13. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein one or more scrapers (80) are arranged below the second disk (42), which scrapers support the leaving of grain and husk of the husk cereal in the direction of the outlet opening (46).
14. A method for dehusking husk cereal, in particular as a laboratory or small-quantity peeler of husk cereal grain, and for producing dehusked husk cereal seeds, using an apparatus (2) according to any of claims 1 to 13, which yields approximately 1 kg of dehusked grain or seed per minute.

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