EP3868970B1 - Mixed prefabricated slab for construction, in particular for floors or walls, and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Mixed prefabricated slab for construction, in particular for floors or walls, and manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3868970B1
EP3868970B1 EP21158505.4A EP21158505A EP3868970B1 EP 3868970 B1 EP3868970 B1 EP 3868970B1 EP 21158505 A EP21158505 A EP 21158505A EP 3868970 B1 EP3868970 B1 EP 3868970B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
profile
concrete plate
inner face
slab
end portion
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EP21158505.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3868970C0 (en
EP3868970A1 (en
Inventor
Quentin KLEINDIENST
Jean-Bernard DERREY
Philippe Roux
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/235—Wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations having a special form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated composite slab for the construction in particular of floors or walls, comprising a wooden frame formed of a plurality of beams and a concrete plate connected to said frame by assembly means, said beams and said concrete slab having an inner face and an outer face, while the assembly means comprise on the one hand a plurality of substantially "I" profiles made of wood or a material derived from wood, having two lateral faces opposite and four longitudinal faces two by two opposite, and on the other hand means for gluing each profile to the internal face of a beam, the internal face of the concrete slab comprising a plurality of grooves extending parallel to each other , designed capable of accommodating a first end portion of a profile, with an axis parallel to the axis of the profile.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a slab.
  • composite slabs are used in the construction of all types of buildings and can be integrated into residential buildings or buildings for professional use, regardless of the nature of the primary structure or which they are designed to create horizontal, vertical or inclined structures.
  • mixed wood-concrete slabs are renowned for their excellent sound and heat insulation properties and have the advantage of offering good fire resistance allowing them to define an effective screen for the direct propagation of a possible fire from one area of a building to another.
  • the traditional solution consists of pouring concrete directly on wooden beams already installed at site level, then mechanically linking the two materials by means of connectors of variable geometries, types and fixing methods, which will end up integrated into the thickness of the the slab.
  • the second method currently commonly used to manufacture mixed wood-concrete slabs consists of using prefabricated elements, assembled directly on site or in the workshop and then transported to their place of installation.
  • This technique advantageously allows an assembly speed equivalent to that of structures made entirely of wood, and eliminates the problems of shoring and moisture absorption of the wood mentioned above.
  • the use of prefabricated elements guarantees the obtaining of standard products, perfectly calibrated and controlled in terms of mechanical properties, easier to integrate into the design of buildings.
  • the on-site assembly of prefabricated elements in the factory also allows better technical control of manufacturing.
  • the industrialization of manufacturing processes makes it possible to guarantee a level of quality and to push the level of finish of the elements, while reducing costs.
  • the use of prefabrication also has the advantage of being able to overcome any bad weather on site.
  • the connectors used must have special properties, allowing them in particular to ensure the most rigid connection possible between the wood and the concrete, so as to limit slippage between the two materials, and thus guarantee a good composite action of the floor.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a solution making it possible to overcome all the drawbacks mentioned above, in order to promote the commercial development of mixed wood-concrete slabs. To this end, it aims more particularly to remedy the drawbacks inherent in prefabricated products, through a assembly method easy to implement, which is based on simple structural means while guaranteeing the preservation of the properties linked to the composite nature of the slab.
  • Another object is to propose a mixed wood-concrete slab, designed to be used both in a horizontal position to make floors, and in a vertical or inclined position to make partition walls, load-bearing exterior walls, cages of elevators or stairs, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a slab of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that at least the first end portion of the profile has two chamfers, symmetrical with respect to the axis of the profile, and each extending between two adjacent longitudinal faces of the profile and in that the assembly means also comprise means for gluing each profile to the internal face of the concrete slab.
  • the beams each to have on their internal face a groove of a shape complementary to a second end portion of a profile, with an axis parallel to the axis of the profile, and opposite to the first end portion.
  • such a groove preferably has a depth extending over at least 1/3 of the height of the beam.
  • the bonding means are for their part preferably chosen from the group comprising a two-component epoxy resin adhesive and a polyurethane adhesive.
  • mechanical assembly means may also be provided to fix the sections to the concrete plate and to the plurality of beams in addition to the assembly means by gluing.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a slab as described above, in which a concrete slab is manufactured by molding having an internal face and an external face and said concrete slab is connected by means assembly to a wooden frame formed of a plurality of beams having an internal face and an external face, characterized in that a plurality of substantially "I" profiles are used as assembly means, made of wood or a material derived from wood, and in that each profile is glued on the one hand to the internal face of the concrete slab and on the other hand to the internal face of each of the beams.
  • the step of manufacturing the plurality of grooves can be carried out either by machining the concrete slab previously manufactured by molding, or concomitantly with the manufacturing by molding of the concrete slab, using a mold of appropriate form.
  • a step is then preferably provided in which to manufacture the slab according to the invention, the first end portion of a profile is respectively housed and fixed by gluing in a groove of the concrete plate and the second end portion in the groove of a beam.
  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated mixed slab 1 for the construction in particular of floors or walls, comprising a wooden frame 2 formed of a plurality of beams 3 and a concrete plate 4 connected to said frame 2 by assembly means.
  • the beams 3 and the plate 4 have an internal face 30, 40 facing each other and an external face 31, 41 which constitute the external faces of the slab 1.
  • the assembly means comprise a plurality of profiles 5, of axis X, substantially "I", made of wood or a material derived from wood, for example plywood or any equivalent material, having two opposite lateral faces 6, perpendicular to the X axis, and four opposite longitudinal faces two by two, parallel to the X axis. More precisely, the latter comprise upper 7 and lower 8 opposite faces and left opposite faces 9 and right 10.
  • each profile 5 has two chamfers 11, symmetrical with respect to the axis X, and connecting the upper face 7 with respectively the left face 9 and the right face 10.
  • the two chamfers 11 and the upper face 7 of the profile together form a first end portion 12 of profile 5, of which a second end portion 13 comprises the lower face 8 and the respective lower end zones of the left 9 and right 10 faces.
  • the first and second end portions 12, 13 extend along an axis parallel to the axis X of the profile 5.
  • each beam 3 is provided with a longitudinal groove 15, formed on its internal face 30, designed to accommodate the second end portion 13 of a profile 5.
  • the grooves 14 are preferably obtained during manufacture by molding of the concrete slab 4, but can also result from subsequent machining of the latter which has been dried beforehand.
  • the grooves 15 are obtained by suitable machining of the beams 3.
  • the composite slab illustrated in the figures has a width of approximately 1.2 m. It consists of a concrete plate 4 with a thickness e of approximately 70 mm, each groove 14 of which has a depth p substantially equal to 25 mm. Furthermore, each beam 3 of the wooden frame 2 has a height h of about 30 mm and a width l of about 100 mm, while the groove 15 with which it is provided has a depth p1 substantially equal to 5 mm. It should also be noted that each groove 14 has opposed inclined walls 16 forming an angle ⁇ of between 85° and 95°, preferably 94°, with the internal face 40 of the plate 4 of concrete. This angle ⁇ corresponds to the angle of inclination of the chamfers 11 that each profile 5 comprises. Of course, these values are only given by way of non-limiting example. In practice, the composite slab according to the invention and its constituent elements can of course have any other dimensions, specifically adapted to the applications and to the needs of the corresponding construction sites.
  • the sections 5 make it possible to connect the concrete plate 4 to the beams 3 of the wooden frame 2.
  • the first and second end portions 12, 13 of each section 5 are respectively inserted into a groove 14 of the plate 4 and the groove 15 of a beam 3. They are fixed in their respective housings by means of an adhesive, for example of the polyurethane type or of the two-component epoxy resin type allowing the time to achieve the assembly characteristics required by the standards in force in the field of construction, and to guarantee a total absence of slippage between the wood of the sections 5 and the concrete of the plate 4.
  • an adhesive for example of the polyurethane type or of the two-component epoxy resin type
  • the second end portion 13 of the profile 5 intended to interact with the groove 15 of a beam 3, has a structure to further strengthen the bond by gluing.
  • a variant embodiment is for example envisaged in which the second end portion 13 of the profile has a structure similar to that of the first end portion 12.
  • the second end portion also has two chamfers then extending respectively between the faces 8 and 10 and the faces 8 and 9 (cf. fig. 4 ), the groove 15 then being shaped in a corresponding manner.
  • the lower face 8 of the profile 5 can be shaped so as to include a series of teeth extending parallel to each other over its entire length (cf. fig. 5 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une dalle mixte préfabriquée pour la construction notamment de planchers ou de murs, comportant une ossature en bois formée d'une pluralité de poutres et une plaque de béton reliée à ladite ossature par des moyens d'assemblage, lesdites poutres et ladite plaque de béton présentant une face interne et une face externe, tandis que les moyens d'assemblage comportent d'une part une pluralité de profilés sensiblement en « I » réalisés en bois ou en un matériau dérivé du bois, présentant deux faces latérales opposées et quatre faces longitudinales deux à deux opposées, et d'autre part des moyens de collage de chaque profilé à la face interne d'une poutre, la face interne de la plaque de béton comportant une pluralité de rainures s'étendant parallèlement entre elles, conçues aptes à loger une première portion d'extrémité d'un profilé, d'axe parallèle à l'axe du profilé.The present invention relates to a prefabricated composite slab for the construction in particular of floors or walls, comprising a wooden frame formed of a plurality of beams and a concrete plate connected to said frame by assembly means, said beams and said concrete slab having an inner face and an outer face, while the assembly means comprise on the one hand a plurality of substantially "I" profiles made of wood or a material derived from wood, having two lateral faces opposite and four longitudinal faces two by two opposite, and on the other hand means for gluing each profile to the internal face of a beam, the internal face of the concrete slab comprising a plurality of grooves extending parallel to each other , designed capable of accommodating a first end portion of a profile, with an axis parallel to the axis of the profile.

L'invention concerne par ailleurs un procédé de fabrication d'une telle dalle.The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a slab.

A l'heure actuelle, les dalles mixtes sont utilisées dans le cadre de la construction de tous types de bâtiments et peuvent être intégrées dans des immeubles d'habitation ou dans des bâtiments à usage professionnel, quelle que soit la nature de la structure primaire ou porteuse dont ces derniers sont conçus, aussi bien pour réaliser des structures horizontales, que verticales ou inclinées.At present, composite slabs are used in the construction of all types of buildings and can be integrated into residential buildings or buildings for professional use, regardless of the nature of the primary structure or which they are designed to create horizontal, vertical or inclined structures.

De manière connue, le fait de recourir à des dalles mixtes permet de bénéficier de la forte complémentarité des deux matériaux utilisés, résultant de leurs propriétés mécaniques respectives. Ainsi, le béton présentant une très bonne résistance en compression et une faible résistance en traction, alors que le bois présente des propriétés inverses, une telle solution permet d'utiliser en flexion gravitaire le bois en zone tendue et le béton en zone comprimée avec une optimisation mécanique et massique.In a known manner, the fact of using mixed slabs makes it possible to benefit from the strong complementarity of the two materials used, resulting from their respective mechanical properties. Thus, concrete having very good compressive strength and low tensile strength, whereas wood has the opposite properties, such a solution makes it possible to use in gravity bending the wood in the tense zone and the concrete in the compressed zone with a mechanical and mass optimization.

Par ailleurs, les dalles mixtes bois-béton sont réputées pour leurs excellentes propriétés d'isolation phonique et thermique et présentent l'avantage d'offrir une bonne résistance au feu leur permettant de définir un écran efficace à la propagation directe d'un éventuel incendie d'une zone d'un bâtiment à une autre.In addition, mixed wood-concrete slabs are renowned for their excellent sound and heat insulation properties and have the advantage of offering good fire resistance allowing them to define an effective screen for the direct propagation of a possible fire from one area of a building to another.

Différentes techniques de fabrication de dalles mixtes bois-béton sont actuellement pratiquées.Different techniques for manufacturing mixed wood-concrete slabs are currently practiced.

La solution traditionnelle consiste à couler du béton directement sur des poutres en bois déjà installées au niveau du chantier, puis à lier mécaniquement les deux matériaux au moyen de connecteurs de géométries, types et modes de fixation variables, qui finiront intégrés dans l'épaisseur de la dalle.The traditional solution consists of pouring concrete directly on wooden beams already installed at site level, then mechanically linking the two materials by means of connectors of variable geometries, types and fixing methods, which will end up integrated into the thickness of the the slab.

Il a toutefois été constaté que l'application d'un procédé humide à des éléments en bois, lié au coulage du béton directement sur le chantier, pénalise fortement la structure en bois sur laquelle des problèmes de reprise d'humidité ont été observés. Des inconvénients d'ordre esthétique dus au ressuyage du béton ont également été notés. Par ailleurs, la durée totale du chantier est impactée par l'indispensable délai de séchage du béton entre chaque opération et par la nécessité d'étayer solidement l'ossature en bois du plancher jusqu'à l'obtention d'une résistance suffisante du béton.However, it has been observed that the application of a wet process to wooden elements, linked to the pouring of concrete directly on the site, strongly penalizes the wooden structure on which problems of moisture absorption have been observed. Aesthetic disadvantages due to the drying out of the concrete have also been noted. In addition, the total duration of the construction site is impacted by the essential drying time of the concrete between each operation and by the need to solidly support the wooden frame of the floor until sufficient strength of the concrete is obtained. .

La seconde méthode couramment employée actuellement pour fabriquer des dalles mixtes bois-béton, consiste à recourir à des éléments préfabriqués, assemblés directement sur chantier ou en atelier puis acheminés sur leur lieu d'installation. Cette technique permet avantageusement une vitesse de montage équivalente à celle des structures entièrement en bois, et de supprimer les problèmes d'étayement et de reprise d'humidité du bois cités ci-dessus. De plus, le recours à des éléments préfabriqués garantit l'obtention de produits standards, parfaitement calibrés et contrôlés en termes de propriétés mécaniques, plus faciles à intégrer dans la conception des bâtiments. L'assemblage sur chantier d'éléments préfabriqués en usine permet en outre une meilleure maitrise technique de la fabrication. Ainsi, l'industrialisation des procédés de fabrication permet de garantir un niveau de qualité et de pousser le niveau de finition des éléments, tout en réduisant les coûts. Le recours à la préfabrication présente également l'intérêt d'une possibilité d'affranchissement des éventuelles intempéries sur chantier.The second method currently commonly used to manufacture mixed wood-concrete slabs consists of using prefabricated elements, assembled directly on site or in the workshop and then transported to their place of installation. This technique advantageously allows an assembly speed equivalent to that of structures made entirely of wood, and eliminates the problems of shoring and moisture absorption of the wood mentioned above. In addition, the use of prefabricated elements guarantees the obtaining of standard products, perfectly calibrated and controlled in terms of mechanical properties, easier to integrate into the design of buildings. The on-site assembly of prefabricated elements in the factory also allows better technical control of manufacturing. Thus, the industrialization of manufacturing processes makes it possible to guarantee a level of quality and to push the level of finish of the elements, while reducing costs. The use of prefabrication also has the advantage of being able to overcome any bad weather on site.

Il a cependant été observé que le développement de cette méthode plafonne actuellement, en particulier du fait de difficultés rencontrées lors de l'étape d'assemblage, qui repose sur une mise en oeuvre de moyens d'assemblage appropriés.However, it has been observed that the development of this method is currently leveling off, in particular due to difficulties encountered during the assembly, which relies on the use of appropriate assembly means.

De fait, les connecteurs employés doivent présenter des propriétés particulières, leur permettant notamment d'assurer une liaison la plus rigide possible entre le bois et le béton, de manière à limiter le glissement entre les deux matériaux, et ainsi garantir une bonne action composite du plancher. Plus cette action composite est efficace, plus la rigidité du plancher est grande.In fact, the connectors used must have special properties, allowing them in particular to ensure the most rigid connection possible between the wood and the concrete, so as to limit slippage between the two materials, and thus guarantee a good composite action of the floor. The more effective this composite action, the greater the rigidity of the floor.

A ce propos, différentes solutions pour lier mécaniquement des plaques de béton préfabriquées à des solives en bois ont été proposées. En pratique, à ce jour, il est généralement fait appel à des moyens classiques tels que des vis, ou des tires-fonds, qui présentent l'avantage de la flexibilité et de la simplicité de mise en oeuvre. Toutefois, de tels éléments de liaison doivent être installés en grand nombre pour assurer une liaison suffisante, ce qui augmente le temps nécessaire à la réalisation des dalles mixtes et par conséquent leur coût global.In this regard, various solutions for mechanically bonding prefabricated concrete plates to wooden joists have been proposed. In practice, to date, it is generally used conventional means such as screws, or lag bolts, which have the advantage of flexibility and simplicity of implementation. However, such connecting elements must be installed in large numbers to ensure a sufficient connection, which increases the time required to produce the composite slabs and consequently their overall cost.

Des systèmes plus sophistiqués, tels que ceux décrits dans les publications FR 2 584 758 et EP 2 377 660 ont également été imaginés. Néanmoins, leur structure est généralement complexe et suppose une mise en oeuvre spécifique pour laquelle les ouvriers doivent préalablement acquérir les gestes correspondants.More sophisticated systems, such as those described in the publications FR 2 584 758 And EP 2 377 660 were also imagined. Nevertheless, their structure is generally complex and requires a specific implementation for which the workers must first acquire the corresponding gestures.

De plus, quels que soient les moyens d'assemblage connus employés, il a été observé que les propriétés recherchées, liées à la nature composite des dalles bois-béton, ne sont pas équivalentes à celles obtenues au travers des solutions reposant sur le coulage du béton sur chantier. En particulier, aucun des systèmes d'assemblage disponibles ne permet de conserver une rigidité de dalle optimale, ni de préserver l'effet « diaphragme » préconisé.Moreover, whatever the known means of assembly used, it has been observed that the properties sought, linked to the composite nature of the wood-concrete slabs, are not equivalent to those obtained through solutions based on the casting of concrete on site. In particular, none of the available assembly systems makes it possible to maintain optimum slab rigidity, nor to preserve the recommended “diaphragm” effect.

Ainsi, à la connaissance du présent demandeur, aucun des moyens proposés actuellement pour assembler une plaque de béton préfabriquée à des poutres en bois, y compris celui décrit dans la publication EP1992755 , ne donne entière satisfaction, à la fois du point de vue de leur mise en oeuvre que de celui du produit obtenu.Thus, to the knowledge of the present applicant, none of the means currently proposed for joining a precast concrete plate to wooden beams, including that described in the publication EP1992755 , does not give complete satisfaction, both from the point of view of their implementation and that of the product obtained.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une solution permettant de pallier l'ensemble des inconvénients cités ci-dessus, afin de promouvoir le développement commercial des dalles mixtes bois-béton. A cet effet, elle vise plus particulièrement à remédier aux inconvénients inhérents aux produits préfabriqués, au travers d'une méthode d'assemblage facile à mettre en oeuvre, qui repose sur des moyens de structure simple tout en garantissant la préservation des propriétés liées à la nature composite de la dalle. Un autre but est de proposer une dalle mixte bois-béton, conçue apte à être utilisée aussi bien en position horizontale pour réaliser des planchers, qu'en position verticale ou inclinée pour réaliser des cloisons de séparation, des murs extérieurs porteurs, des cages d'ascenseurs ou d'escaliers, etc.The object of the present invention is to propose a solution making it possible to overcome all the drawbacks mentioned above, in order to promote the commercial development of mixed wood-concrete slabs. To this end, it aims more particularly to remedy the drawbacks inherent in prefabricated products, through a assembly method easy to implement, which is based on simple structural means while guaranteeing the preservation of the properties linked to the composite nature of the slab. Another object is to propose a mixed wood-concrete slab, designed to be used both in a horizontal position to make floors, and in a vertical or inclined position to make partition walls, load-bearing exterior walls, cages of elevators or stairs, etc.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet une dalle du genre indiquée en préambule, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins la première portion d'extrémité du profilé comporte deux chanfreins, symétriques par rapport à l'axe du profilé, et s'étendant chacun entre deux faces longitudinales adjacentes du profilé et en ce que les moyens d'assemblage comportent également des moyens de collage de chaque profilé à la face interne de la plaque de béton.To this end, the present invention relates to a slab of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that at least the first end portion of the profile has two chamfers, symmetrical with respect to the axis of the profile, and each extending between two adjacent longitudinal faces of the profile and in that the assembly means also comprise means for gluing each profile to the internal face of the concrete slab.

Dans une variante de réalisation préférentielle de la dalle selon l'invention, il peut par ailleurs être prévu que les poutres présentent chacune sur leur face interne une gorge de forme complémentaire à une seconde portion d'extrémité d'un profilé, d'axe parallèle à l'axe du profilé, et opposée à la première portion d'extrémité.In a preferred embodiment variant of the slab according to the invention, provision may also be made for the beams each to have on their internal face a groove of a shape complementary to a second end portion of a profile, with an axis parallel to the axis of the profile, and opposite to the first end portion.

De plus, une telle gorge présente de préférence une profondeur s'étendant sur au moins 1/3 de la hauteur de la poutre.Moreover, such a groove preferably has a depth extending over at least 1/3 of the height of the beam.

Les moyens de collage sont quant à eux préférentiellement choisis parmi le groupe comprenant une colle résine bi-composant époxy et une colle polyuréthane.The bonding means are for their part preferably chosen from the group comprising a two-component epoxy resin adhesive and a polyurethane adhesive.

Dans certains cas, des moyens d'assemblage mécaniques peuvent en outre être prévus pour fixer les profilés à la plaque de béton et à la pluralité de poutres en plus des moyens d'assemblage par collage.In some cases, mechanical assembly means may also be provided to fix the sections to the concrete plate and to the plurality of beams in addition to the assembly means by gluing.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une dalle telle que décrite ci-dessus, dans lequel on fabrique par moulage une plaque de béton présentant une face interne et une face externe et on relie ladite plaque de béton par des moyens d'assemblage à une ossature en bois formée d'une pluralité de poutres comportant une face interne et une face externe, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise en tant que moyens d'assemblage, une pluralité de profilés sensiblement en « I », réalisés en bois ou en un matériau dérivé du bois, et en ce que l'on colle chaque profilé d'une part à la face interne de la plaque de béton et d'autre part à la face interne de chacune des poutres.The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a slab as described above, in which a concrete slab is manufactured by molding having an internal face and an external face and said concrete slab is connected by means assembly to a wooden frame formed of a plurality of beams having an internal face and an external face, characterized in that a plurality of substantially "I" profiles are used as assembly means, made of wood or a material derived from wood, and in that each profile is glued on the one hand to the internal face of the concrete slab and on the other hand to the internal face of each of the beams.

Dans le cadre d'une mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, il est prévu de ménager d'une part dans la face interne de la plaque de béton une pluralité de rainures s'étendant parallèlement entre elles, conçues aptes à loger une première portion d'extrémité d'un profilé, d'axe parallèle à l'axe du profilé, et d'autre part, dans la face interne de chacune des poutres, une gorge conçue apte à loger une seconde portion du profilé, d'axe parallèle à l'axe du profilé, opposée à la première portion.As part of an implementation of this method, provision is made on the one hand in the internal face of the concrete slab for a plurality of grooves extending parallel to each other, designed capable of accommodating a first portion of end of a profile, with an axis parallel to the axis of the profile, and on the other hand, in the internal face of each of the beams, a groove designed capable of housing a second portion of the profile, with an axis parallel to the axis of the profile, opposite to the first portion.

De manière alternative, l'étape de fabrication de la pluralité de rainures peut s'effectuer soit par usinage de la plaque de béton préalablement fabriquée par moulage, soit de manière concomitante à la fabrication par moulage de la plaque de béton, en utilisant un moule de forme appropriée.Alternatively, the step of manufacturing the plurality of grooves can be carried out either by machining the concrete slab previously manufactured by molding, or concomitantly with the manufacturing by molding of the concrete slab, using a mold of appropriate form.

De plus, selon une spécificité du procédé selon l'invention, l'on peut avantageusement utiliser des profilés dont au moins la première portion d'extrémité comporte deux chanfreins, symétriques par rapport à l'axe du profilé, et s'étendant chacun entre deux faces longitudinales adjacentes du profilé.In addition, according to a specificity of the method according to the invention, it is possible advantageously to use profiles of which at least the first end portion comprises two chamfers, symmetrical with respect to the axis of the profile, and each extending between two adjacent longitudinal faces of the profile.

Pour assembler la plaque de béton à la pluralité de poutres, une étape est alors préférentiellement prévue dans laquelle pour fabriquer la dalle selon l'invention, on loge et on fixe par collage respectivement la première portion d'extrémité d'un profilé dans une rainure de la plaque de béton et la seconde portion d'extrémité dans la gorge d'une poutre.To assemble the concrete slab to the plurality of beams, a step is then preferably provided in which to manufacture the slab according to the invention, the first end portion of a profile is respectively housed and fixed by gluing in a groove of the concrete plate and the second end portion in the groove of a beam.

Les avantages découlant de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre se rapportant à des exemples de réalisation illustrés dans les dessins joints dans lesquels :

  • [Fig.1] correspond à une vue en coupe transversale d'une dalle mixte selon l'invention conforme à une première variante de réalisation envisageable,
  • [Fig.2] correspond à une vue agrandie du détail D de la figure 1,
  • [Fig.3] illustre une vue en perspective de la dalle de la figure 1,
  • [Fig. 4] est à une vue semblable à celle de la figure 2, correspondant à une seconde variante de réalisation de la dalle selon l'invention,
  • [Fig. 5] est à une vue semblable à celle de la figure 2, correspondant à une troisième variante de réalisation de la dalle selon l'invention, et
  • [Fig. 6] est à une vue semblable à celle de la figure 2, correspondant à une quatrième variante de réalisation de la dalle selon l'invention.
The advantages resulting from the present invention will become apparent on reading the following description relating to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the attached drawings in which:
  • [ Fig.1 ] corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a composite slab according to the invention in accordance with a first possible embodiment variant,
  • [ Fig.2 ] corresponds to an enlarged view of detail D of the figure 1 ,
  • [ Fig.3 ] illustrates a perspective view of the slab of the figure 1 ,
  • [ Fig. 4 ] is to a view similar to that of the figure 2 , corresponding to a second alternative embodiment of the slab according to the invention,
  • [ Fig. 5 ] is to a view similar to that of the figure 2 , corresponding to a third alternative embodiment of the slab according to the invention, and
  • [ Fig. 6 ] is to a view similar to that of the picture 2 , corresponding to a fourth alternative embodiment of the slab according to the invention.

En référence aux figures, la présente invention a pour objet une dalle 1 mixte préfabriquée pour la construction notamment de planchers ou de murs, comportant une ossature en bois 2 formée d'une pluralité de poutres 3 et une plaque de béton 4 reliée à ladite ossature 2 par des moyens d'assemblage. De manière classique, les poutres 3 et la plaque 4 présentent une face interne 30, 40 se faisant face et une face externe 31, 41 qui constituent les faces externes de la dalle 1.With reference to the figures, the present invention relates to a prefabricated mixed slab 1 for the construction in particular of floors or walls, comprising a wooden frame 2 formed of a plurality of beams 3 and a concrete plate 4 connected to said frame 2 by assembly means. Conventionally, the beams 3 and the plate 4 have an internal face 30, 40 facing each other and an external face 31, 41 which constitute the external faces of the slab 1.

Dans la variante de réalisation illustrée, les moyens d'assemblage comportent une pluralité de profilés 5, d'axe X, sensiblement en « I », réalisés en bois ou en un matériau dérivé du bois, par exemple du contreplaqué ou tout matériau équivalent, présentant deux faces latérales opposées 6, perpendiculaires à l'axe X, et quatre faces longitudinales deux à deux opposées, parallèles à l'axe X. Plus précisément, ces dernières comportent des faces opposées supérieure 7 et inférieure 8 et des faces opposées gauche 9 et droite 10.In the variant embodiment illustrated, the assembly means comprise a plurality of profiles 5, of axis X, substantially "I", made of wood or a material derived from wood, for example plywood or any equivalent material, having two opposite lateral faces 6, perpendicular to the X axis, and four opposite longitudinal faces two by two, parallel to the X axis. More precisely, the latter comprise upper 7 and lower 8 opposite faces and left opposite faces 9 and right 10.

En référence à la figure 2, chaque profilé 5 présente deux chanfreins 11, symétriques par rapport à l'axe X, et reliant la face supérieure 7 avec respectivement la face gauche 9 et la face droite 10. Les deux chanfreins 11 et la face supérieure 7 du profilé forment ensemble une première portion 12 d'extrémité du profilé 5, dont une seconde portion 13 d'extrémité comporte la face inférieure 8 et les zones d'extrémités inférieures respectives des faces gauche 9 et droite 10. Tel qu'illustré à la figure 2, les première et seconde portions d'extrémité 12, 13 s'étendent le long d'un axe parallèle à l'axe X du profilé 5.With reference to the figure 2 , each profile 5 has two chamfers 11, symmetrical with respect to the axis X, and connecting the upper face 7 with respectively the left face 9 and the right face 10. The two chamfers 11 and the upper face 7 of the profile together form a first end portion 12 of profile 5, of which a second end portion 13 comprises the lower face 8 and the respective lower end zones of the left 9 and right 10 faces. figure 2 , the first and second end portions 12, 13 extend along an axis parallel to the axis X of the profile 5.

Par ailleurs, il convient de noter que la plaque de béton 4 comporte une pluralité de rainures 14, s'étendant parallèlement entre elles, sur sa face interne 40, et qui sont conçues aptes à loger chacune la première portion 12 d'extrémité d'un profilé 5. De même, chaque poutre 3 est munie d'une gorge longitudinale 15, formée sur sa face interne 30, conçue apte à loger la seconde portion 13 d'extrémité d'un profilé 5.Furthermore, it should be noted that the concrete plate 4 comprises a plurality of grooves 14, extending parallel to each other, on its internal face 40, and which are designed capable of each housing the first portion 12 of the end of a profile 5. Similarly, each beam 3 is provided with a longitudinal groove 15, formed on its internal face 30, designed to accommodate the second end portion 13 of a profile 5.

Les rainures 14 sont préférentiellement obtenues lors de la fabrication par moulage de la plaque de béton 4, mais peuvent également résulter d'un usinage ultérieur de cette dernière préalablement séchée. Les gorges 15 sont quant à elles obtenues par un usinage approprié des poutres 3.The grooves 14 are preferably obtained during manufacture by molding of the concrete slab 4, but can also result from subsequent machining of the latter which has been dried beforehand. The grooves 15 are obtained by suitable machining of the beams 3.

En termes de dimensions, la dalle mixte illustrée aux figures présente une largeur d'environ 1,2 m. Elle est constituée d'une plaque 4 de béton d'une épaisseur e d'environ 70 mm dont chaque rainure 14 présente une profondeur p sensiblement égale à 25 mm. Par ailleurs, chaque poutre 3 de l'ossature 2 en bois présente une hauteur h d'environ 30 mm et une largeur l, d'environ 100 mm, tandis que la gorge 15 dont elle est pourvue présente une profondeur p1 sensiblement égale à 5 mm. Il convient de plus de noter que chaque rainure 14 présente des parois opposées inclinées 16 formant un angle α compris entre 85° et 95°, de préférence 94°, avec la face interne 40 de la plaque 4 de béton. Cet angle α correspond à l'angle d'inclinaison des chanfreins 11 que comporte chaque profilé 5. Bien entendu, ces valeurs ne sont indiquées qu'à titre d'exemple non limitatif. En pratique, la dalle mixte selon l'invention et ses éléments constitutifs peuvent bien entendu présenter de toutes autres dimensions, spécifiquement adaptées aux applications et aux besoins des chantiers correspondants.In terms of dimensions, the composite slab illustrated in the figures has a width of approximately 1.2 m. It consists of a concrete plate 4 with a thickness e of approximately 70 mm, each groove 14 of which has a depth p substantially equal to 25 mm. Furthermore, each beam 3 of the wooden frame 2 has a height h of about 30 mm and a width l of about 100 mm, while the groove 15 with which it is provided has a depth p1 substantially equal to 5 mm. It should also be noted that each groove 14 has opposed inclined walls 16 forming an angle α of between 85° and 95°, preferably 94°, with the internal face 40 of the plate 4 of concrete. This angle α corresponds to the angle of inclination of the chamfers 11 that each profile 5 comprises. Of course, these values are only given by way of non-limiting example. In practice, the composite slab according to the invention and its constituent elements can of course have any other dimensions, specifically adapted to the applications and to the needs of the corresponding construction sites.

Tel qu'indiqué ci-dessus, les profilés 5 permettent de relier la plaque 4 de béton aux poutres 3 de l'ossature en bois 2. A cet effet, les première et seconde portions 12, 13 d'extrémité de chaque profilé 5 sont respectivement insérées dans une rainure 14 de la plaque 4 et la gorge 15 d'une poutre 3. Elles sont fixées dans leurs logements respectifs au moyen d'une colle, par exemple de type polyuréthane ou de type résine bi-composant époxy permettant à la fois d'atteindre les caractéristiques d'assemblage requises par les normes en vigueur dans le domaine du BTP, et de garantir une absence totale de glissement entre le bois des profilés 5 et du béton de la plaque 4. Ainsi, la mise en oeuvre d'un assemblage basé sur des profilés en bois 5 et d'une colle permet de préserver une action composite parfaite des matériaux constitutifs de la dalle mixte 1 selon l'invention.As indicated above, the sections 5 make it possible to connect the concrete plate 4 to the beams 3 of the wooden frame 2. For this purpose, the first and second end portions 12, 13 of each section 5 are respectively inserted into a groove 14 of the plate 4 and the groove 15 of a beam 3. They are fixed in their respective housings by means of an adhesive, for example of the polyurethane type or of the two-component epoxy resin type allowing the time to achieve the assembly characteristics required by the standards in force in the field of construction, and to guarantee a total absence of slippage between the wood of the sections 5 and the concrete of the plate 4. Thus, the implementation of an assembly based on wooden profiles 5 and an adhesive makes it possible to preserve a perfect composite action of the constituent materials of the composite slab 1 according to the invention.

Bien entendu, conformément à la présente invention, des moyens d'assemblage mécaniques peuvent également être utilisés en complément de la colle, si nécessaire. Bien que l'invention ait été décrite à propos d'une forme de réalisation particulière, il est bien entendu qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'on peut y apporter diverses modifications en restant dans le cadre de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications.Of course, in accordance with the present invention, mechanical assembly means can also be used in addition to the glue, if necessary. Although the invention has been described with respect to a particular embodiment, it is clearly understood that it is in no way limited thereto and that various modifications can be made to it while remaining within the scope of the invention such as defined by the claims.

En particulier, d'autres variantes de réalisation ont d'ores et déjà été imaginées par le présent demandeur, dans lesquelles la seconde portion d'extrémité 13 du profilé 5, destinée à interagir avec la gorge 15 d'une poutre 3, présente une structure permettant de renforcer encore davantage la liaison par collage. Ainsi, une variante de réalisation est par exemple envisagée dans laquelle la seconde portion d'extrémité 13 du profilé présente une structure semblable à celle de la première portion d'extrémité12. En d'autres termes, dans cet exemple la deuxième portion d'extrémité présente également deux chanfreins s'étendant alors respectivement entre les faces 8 et 10 et les faces 8 et 9 (cf. fig. 4), la gorge 15 étant alors conformée de manière correspondante.In particular, other variant embodiments have already been imagined by the present applicant, in which the second end portion 13 of the profile 5, intended to interact with the groove 15 of a beam 3, has a structure to further strengthen the bond by gluing. Thus, a variant embodiment is for example envisaged in which the second end portion 13 of the profile has a structure similar to that of the first end portion 12. In other words, in this example the second end portion also has two chamfers then extending respectively between the faces 8 and 10 and the faces 8 and 9 (cf. fig. 4 ), the groove 15 then being shaped in a corresponding manner.

Dans le même esprit, la face inférieure 8 du profilé 5 peut être conformée de manière à comporter une série de dents s'étendant parallèlement entre elles sur l'ensemble de sa longueur (cf. fig. 5).In the same spirit, the lower face 8 of the profile 5 can be shaped so as to include a series of teeth extending parallel to each other over its entire length (cf. fig. 5 ).

Également, une autre variante (cf. fig. 6) dans laquelle la gorge des poutres 3 présente une profondeur sensiblement équivalente à la hauteur h de ces dernières a été imaginée.Also, another variant (cf. fig. 6 ) in which the throat of the beams 3 has a depth substantially equivalent to the height h of the latter was imagined.

Claims (11)

  1. A prefabricated composite slab (1) for the construction in particular of floors or walls, comprising a wooden framework (2) formed by a plurality of beams (3) and a concrete plate (4) connected to said framework (2) by assembly means, said beams (3) and said concrete plate (4) having an inner face (30, 40) and an outer face (31, 41) whereas the assembly means have, on the one hand, a plurality of profiles (5) substantially forming an "I" shape and made of wood or a material derived from wood, with two opposing lateral faces (6) and four longitudinal faces (7, 8, 9, 10) in opposing pairs, and on the other hand, means for bonding each profile (5) to the inner face (30) of a beam (3), the inner face (40) of the concrete plate (4) comprising a plurality of grooves (14) extending parallel to one another, designed for accommodating a first end portion (12) of a profile (5), having an axis parallel to the axis (X) of the profile (5), characterized in that at least the first end portion (12) of the profile (5) has two chamfers (11) which are symmetrical relative to the axis (X) of the profile (5) and each extend between two adjacent longitudinal faces (7, 9, 7, 10) of the profile (5) and in that the assembly means also have means for bonding each profile (5) to the inner face (40) of the concrete plate (4).
  2. The slab (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams (3) each have on their inner face (30) an indentation (15) with a shape complementary to a second end portion (13) of a profile (5), having an axis parallel to the axis (X) of the profile (5), and opposite to the first end portion (12).
  3. The slab (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the indentation (15) has a depth p1 extending over at least 1/3 of the height h of the beam (3).
  4. The slab (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the bonding means are selected from the group comprising a two-component epoxy resin adhesive and a polyurethane adhesive.
  5. The slab (1) according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the assembly means further comprise mechanical assembly means.
  6. A method for producing a slab (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein a concrete plate (4) having an inner face (40) and an outer face (41) is produced by molding, and said concrete plate (4) is connected by assembly means to a wooden framework (2) formed by a plurality of beams (3) having an inner face (30) and an outer face (31), characterized in that a plurality of profiles (5) substantially forming an "I" shape and made of wood or a material derived from wood are used as assembly means, and each profile (5) is bonded to the inner face (40) of the concrete plate (4) and to the inner face (30) of each of the beams (3).
  7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of grooves (14) extending parallel to one another are provided in the inner face (40) of the concrete plate (4), said grooves being designed to accommodate a first end portion (12) of a profile (5), having an axis parallel to the axis (X) of the profile (5), and in that an indentation (15) is provided on the inner face (30) of each of the beams (3), said indentation being designed to accommodate a second portion (13) of the profile (3), opposite to the first portion (12).
  8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that during the step of producing the concrete plate (4) by molding, a mold is used which makes it possible to make the plurality of grooves (14) simultaneously.
  9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the plurality of grooves (14) are made by machining the concrete plate (4) previously produced by molding.
  10. The method according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that profiles (5) are used of which at least the first end portion (12) comprises two chamfers (11) which are symmetrical relative to the axis (X) of the profile (5), and each extend between two adjacent longitudinal faces (7, 9 and 7, 10) of the profile (5).
  11. The method according to any of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that in order to assemble the concrete plate (4) with the plurality of beams (3), the first end portion (12) of a profile (5) is accommodated and secured by bonding in a groove (14) of the concrete plate (4) and the second end portion (13) is accommodated and secured by bonding in the indentation (15) of a beam (3).
EP21158505.4A 2020-02-21 2021-02-22 Mixed prefabricated slab for construction, in particular for floors or walls, and manufacturing method Active EP3868970B1 (en)

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FR2001721A FR3107539B1 (en) 2020-02-21 2020-02-21 Prefabricated composite slab for the construction in particular of floors or walls and method of manufacture

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EP4273341A1 (en) * 2022-05-03 2023-11-08 B. Lütkenhaus GmbH Wall, ceiling or roof element with straps
DE102022119756A1 (en) * 2022-08-05 2024-02-08 Fischerwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg Wood-concrete composite element and process for its production

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FR2584758A1 (en) 1985-07-12 1987-01-16 Girard Michel Metal section for a prefabricated concrete element having a timber frame and method of use
WO2007091899A1 (en) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-16 Combino As Elements/slabs based on solid wood elements reinforced with concrete
AT505266B1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2010-11-15 Univ Innsbruck BEARING ELEMENT, BEEGTRÄGERANORDNUNG AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION
EP2072705A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-24 Renggli AG Wood-concrete composite element
FR2958574B1 (en) 2010-04-13 2012-05-04 Macc3 METHOD FOR PRODUCING PREFABRICATED WOOD-CONCRETE COLLABORATION CONSTRUCTION PANELS AND PANELS OBTAINED THEREBY
DE102013104108A1 (en) * 2013-04-23 2014-11-06 Stephan Holzbau GmbH Support structure for mirror storage of a concrete slab mounted on wooden beams in wood-concrete composite construction
DE102017119096A1 (en) * 2017-08-21 2019-02-21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Wood-concrete ceiling

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