Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
  • A23L3/005—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment
  • A23L3/0055—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment with infrared rays
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
  • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
  • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
  • A23L3/001—Details of apparatus, e.g. for transport, for loading or unloading manipulation, pressure feed valves
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
  • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
  • A23L3/165—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials in solid state
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
  • A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
  • A23L3/54—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution using irradiation or electrical treatment, e.g. ultrasonic waves
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
  • A61L2/08—Radiation
  • A61L2/085—Infrared radiation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C71/02—Thermal after-treatment
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
  • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
  • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
  • F26B11/026—Arrangements for charging or discharging the materials to be dried, e.g. discharging by reversing drum rotation, using spiral-type inserts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
  • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
  • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
  • A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
  • A23B7/01—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
  • A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
  • A23B9/02—Preserving by heating
  • A23B9/04—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
  • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
  • A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
  • A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
  • A61L2202/15—Biocide distribution means, e.g. nozzles, pumps, manifolds, fans, baffles, sprayers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the temperature treatment of bulk goods in a rotary tube with at least one infrared light unit, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
• an infrared rotary tube dryer is very well suited for reducing the germs of dried food raw materials such as seeds, vegetables, herbs, spices, mushrooms, tea, nuts and dried animal feed.
• the use of the rotary tube enables both batch operation and continuous continuous operation. This effect is particularly enhanced by the temporary spraying of water.
• the product in the rotary tube which is permanently moved by the rotation, and additionally by the mixing elements engaging in the bulk material bed, is brought very quickly to a defined temperature by the heat of the infrared light and is kept at this temperature for a certain time. At the same time, a fine water mist or saturated steam can be sprayed in at this temperature level.
• This method is very effective for the sterilization of many foods, since a longer treatment time is possible by adding water and the sterilization and pasteurization effect is more favored than would be possible with a pure heating with infrared light. In the latter case, surface temperatures of 140 ° to 170 ° C can occur, which can cause superficial burns on the product.
• the added thermal energy is not only added to the surface of the food particles illuminated with infrared light, but also to the layers below.
• the temperature at the product is limited by the water feed to about 135 ° C, which prevents overheating. This temperature is in the range of ultra-high temperature z. B. is used for pasteurization of milk. However, it has been shown that the temperature mentioned is not always sufficient to kill spore-forming bacteria, particularly on large-pored substrates such as black pepper.
• the object of the present invention is to achieve an effective disinfection of bulk goods with regard to spore-forming bacteria using the known partially open rotary tube, and thus without a significant differential pressure to the ambient atmosphere.
• the positioning of the steam nozzles in infrared light ensures that the outflowing steam is brought to a higher temperature level in infrared light, even while it is flowing through the steam line, because the steam line is also in the light cone, so that the steam line is heated and above it the steam carried in it is heated.
• the further heating takes place even more after the steam flows out of the steam nozzles in the direction of the bulk material.
• the following description of the method according to the invention refers to post-heating.
• the disinfection effect is significantly increased, and in particular the killing of spore-forming germs is achieved when foods in bulk form are treated, such as herbs, spices, fruits, nuts, seeds, tea, mushrooms and / or roots.
• foods in bulk form are treated, such as herbs, spices, fruits, nuts, seeds, tea, mushrooms and / or roots.
• spices known to be highly germ-laden, such as black pepper and vanilla beans effective sterilization is achieved with relatively short throughput times.
• the after-heated steam warms the surface of the bulk material particles to high temperatures.
• the specific heat capacity of the amount of steam that comes into contact with the surface of the bulk material bed is relatively low compared to the specific heat capacity of the treated solid particles, so that cooling and possibly Condensation of the steam also occurs to a small extent when the steam reaches the bulk bed.
• the post-heated steam only has a superficial effect, but does not cause any deeper, disadvantageous overheating of the product.
• Another effect of the steam is the displacement of oxygen, so that an inert atmosphere is created in the area of the steam introduction. Oxygen favors the burning of the product. By displacing the oxygen with the steam, higher sterilization temperatures can be achieved, since the oxygen concentration in the product bed is very low and burns of the product are prevented.
• superheated steam is free of air and thus of oxygen, it can also be used for oxygen-sensitive products that otherwise are used e.g. B. treated in a nitrogen atmosphere.
• two independent heat sources are available, which can be used axially and / or chronologically one after the other or simultaneously in different ways in continuous operation, and simultaneously or sequentially in batch mode.
• the bulk material can first be brought to a temperature level beyond the boiling point of water exclusively by the infrared light units, or at least very close to it. This turns one Avoid extensive condensation of steam on contact with the bulk material, because a strong humidification would lead to strong heat losses due to the evaporation enthalpy of the water on the subsequent further path of heat treatment, which leads to the already described limitation of the bulk material effective process temperature would lead to an insufficient level. This is avoided by preheating the bulk material with infrared light before the steam feed begins.
• Another effect of treating products with infrared light and post-heated steam is that drastic odors are drastically reduced or characteristic, unpleasant odors are completely removed.
• thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic elastomers and vulcanizates can be treated as bulk material, which Contain residues of monomers and oligomers or other volatile impurities from migrated substances.
• the method according to the present invention is therefore also suitable for eliminating buildup in the recycling of such fuel containers without melting the plastic.
• a stronger condensation can deliberately be made possible in the process than in food processing, so that the detached substances can be separated in aqueous solution.
• a device for carrying out the method provides the following:
• a steam inflow device with several steam nozzles is positioned in the infrared light cone so that it can be swiveled, pushed or folded, so that the steam flowing through the light cone is reheated.
• a steam inflow device in the form of a steam lance can be of different lengths to allow different inflow times in the continuous rotary tube
• Parts can be shut off to define different phases of the steam treatment and to implement different steam exposure times in the continuous rotary tube.
• the so-called steam lance which carries the steam nozzles, is preferably arranged in a lower region of the rotary tube. Due to the rotation and the friction with the inner wall, the bulk bed in the rotary tube rises to an inclined position, i.e. during the rotation the center of the bulk material bed is not at a 6 o'clock position, but rather at 6 to 8 a.m. or 4 a.m. until 6 a.m., depending on the direction of rotation and viewing direction. The steam lance is then preferably attached to the edge of the bulk goods bed at the lower 6 o'clock position. The steam rises from there.
• an airshield In the method according to the invention, it is very advantageous to use what is known as an airshield and to direct its air flow onto the bed of bulk goods. It is a powerful blower that usually protects the infrared light units from local overheating and contamination with dust particles from the bulk material being treated.
• By directing the air flow of the airshield towards the surface of the bulk bed the steam emerging from the steam lance is pressed onto the inclined surface of the bulk bed instead of rising vertically. This significantly increases the effectiveness of the steam for the treatment of the bulk material.
• heating is carried out using infrared light alone, before steam is applied over a longer axial distance.
• the product is kept at a temperature between 90 ° C and 220 ° C for a time between 1 min and 25 min under the simultaneous action of infrared light and steam, in particular for 10 min to 20 min at 150 ° C to 200 ° C.
• Phases of the combined treatment with infrared and steam and phases of pure infrared light treatment can alternate via the axial course in the rotary tube; Both heat sources are to be operated independently of one another at least in sections.
• the product can be exposed to a water mist before and / or after the steam inflow.
• a water mist is advantageous because high temperatures in the process are less important than complete deposition of the buildup and because the contaminants can advantageously be removed in aqueous solution.
• food can Evaporate applied water in infrared light and lead to a burst of steam. When water is applied at the end of the treatment, it cools down and rewets to restore the original water content.
• An exemplary process sequence for killing spores in vanilla or pepper provides that the product is first heated to temperatures between 50 ° C. and 150 ° C. in the infrared rotary tube with simultaneous water spraying in 3 minutes to 25 minutes, typically about 12 minutes. The product is then heated to temperatures between 100 ° C and 220 ° C with infrared light while steam is flowing into the product bed and kept at this temperature level for 1 min to 20 min under the influence of infrared light and steam. The product can then be sprayed with a water mist and cooled down with reduced infrared light output.
• An exemplary process sequence for drastically reducing the characteristic odor in the plastics sector is to heat up bulk plastics such as a thermoplastic elastomer / vulcanized (TPE-V) using infrared light units in a continuously charged and rotating rotary tube to a temperature between 70 ° C and 150 ° C.
• TPE-V thermoplastic elastomer / vulcanized
• the moving bulk goods are then treated with post-heated steam for 8 min to 25 min in this temperature range and then cooled.
• FIG. 1 shows an infrared rotary tube unit in a schematic sectional view
• Figure 2 is a diagram with a temperature profile over time according to a first exemplary process
• FIG. 3 shows a diagram with a temperature profile over time according to a second exemplary method.
• FIG. 1 shows an infrared rotary tube unit 10 in a schematic sectional view. It essentially comprises a rotatable rotary tube 1, which has a closed jacket on its circumference, and an infrared light unit 2 arranged therein with a clear cross section, which emits infrared light in a light cone 3.
• the light cone 3 is directed onto a bed of bulk material 20 which rests on the inner wall in the lower region of the rotary tube 1.
• Mixing elements and conveying elements such as a screw conveyor ensure constant circulation and conveyance, but are not shown here.
• the direction of rotation is indicated by the block arrow.
• the rotation leads to an oblique alignment of the bulk material bed 20 due to the wall friction.
• Both the light cone 3 and an air flow 5 of an airshield 5 indicated by the arrows 6 are aligned perpendicular to the bulk material surface.
• Steam 7 emerges from a steam lance 4 lying in the cone of light, which has several steam nozzles along its length.
• the arrangement of the steam lance 4 with respect to the direction of rotation is important because the steam lance 4 should be arranged in such a way that it is positioned on the lower edge of the bulk material bed 20 resting on the inner wall of the rotary tube 1.
• the steam automatically sweeps over the bulk material bed 20.
• the air flow 6 of the airshield 5 additionally presses the emerging steam 7 onto the surface of the bulk material bed 20 and prevents the steam 7 from being damaged due to its Compared to the air temperature inside the rotary tube 1, the temperature rises significantly higher and thus the density is higher vertically.
• the temperature is plotted over time in accordance with a first exemplary procedure.
• the product is heated to a base temperature in a time phase Ati.
• a further increase in temperature is achieved by injecting steam.
• the heating phase is ended and the actual treatment phase follows over a time phase At 3 , in which the high Temperature is maintained.
• Tmax steam
• the holding temperature reached by the known method which is at the level Tmax (water).
• the cooling time ⁇ t 4 measured from the high temperature level Tmax (steam) after the end of the steam supply and switching off of the infrared light is not much higher in comparison to the cooling from the lower temperature level Tmax (water), because above all through the process according to the invention the surface is heated up much more, but less the product core.
• the temperature is plotted against time according to another exemplary process.
• the product is subjected to steam from the beginning at the time toan, and within a short period of time Ati 'a significantly higher peak temperature than in the prior art is already reached.
• the product is not damaged, despite the significantly higher final temperature in the layers near the surface due to the additional steam injection.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Nutrition Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
• General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=67981814

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 2018
  • 2018-09-03 DE DE102018121453.7A patent/DE102018121453B4/de active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-09-03 WO PCT/DE2019/100791 patent/WO2020048565A1/de unknown
  • 2019-09-03 CN CN201980064977.0A patent/CN112805525A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-09-03 EP EP19769376.5A patent/EP3847407A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2021
  • 2021-03-03 US US17/191,265 patent/US20210177014A1/en not_active Abandoned

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events