Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
  • C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
  • C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a reaction mixture for providing a reaction mixture for carrying out a quantitative real-time PCR and a method for carrying out a quantitative real-time PCR and a kit.
• PCR polymerase chain reaction
• template DNA The DNA to be reproduced is referred to as template (template DNA).
• primers are also required, each of which determines the starting point of DNA synthesis on the individual strands of DNA.
• DNA synthesis is catalyzed by the temperature-stable DNA polymerase using deoxy nucleotides.
• the double-stranded DNA is first denatured (melting) before the primer hybridization, ie the binding of the primers to the complementary sequence section of the
• primer annealing single-stranded DNA
• the DNA polymerase then attaches and the primers are complementarily extended in the so-called elongation step (extending). These individual steps are controlled by temperature cycles.
• PCR real-time PCR
• the real-time PCR allows a quantification of the initial amount of the template DNA.
• reference measurements that are carried out in parallel reaction batches are required for this.
• the invention provides a reaction mixture which is provided to provide a reaction batch for carrying out a quantitative real-time PCR.
• This reaction mixture can be used to quantify a DNA sequence, for example a DNA sequence of a gene segment, parallel standard reactions already being integrated in the respective reaction mixture or in the reaction mixture, so that it is not necessary to carry out parallel standard and control reactions ,
• the particular advantage is that quantification and quality control can be measured in one and the same reaction approach (PCR approach).
• PCR approach reaction approach
• a reaction batch is to be understood to mean that the reaction takes place in a reaction vessel. It is therefore not necessary for reference measurements to be carried out in parallel, which means considerable
• reaction mixture of the present invention and the method that can be carried out with it can therefore be used with particular advantage in medical diagnostics.
• the reaction mixture of the present invention comprises at least one target DNA which corresponds at least in part to the DNA sequence to be quantified.
• this target DNA is also called Quanticon.
• the reaction mixture contains at least one reference DNA which has a defined, artificial sequence and which is present in the reaction mixture in a defined amount. This reference DNA is also referred to below as an articon. Furthermore, at least two are different
• Fluorescence probes with different sequences are provided, which generate a signal at different wavelengths. It also contains primers, deoxy nucleotides and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. Depending on the application, the primer is one or more
• Primer pairs The target DNA and the reference DNA have the same primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are the same primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are the primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are the primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are the primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are the primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are the primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are the primer binding sites (primer hybridization sites). Furthermore are examples of the same primer binding sites.
• the term amplicon generally refers to the DNA that is to be reproduced. At least one of the fluorescent probes is provided for hybridization or binding with a section of the target DNA outside the primer binding sites in the amplicon.
• At least one of the fluorescent probes is provided for hybridization or binding with a section of the reference DNA outside the primer binding sites in the amplicon.
• One of the fluorescent probes thus binds to the target DNA and the other fluorescent probe binds to the reference DNA.
• Fluorescence probes are preferably single-stranded DNA sequence sections which are each coupled to at least one reporter dye molecule and to at least one quencher molecule.
• the principle of operation of such known fluorescence probes is based on the fact that the fluorescence signal is extinguished by the spatial proximity of the reporter dye molecule and the quencher molecule when the fluorescence probe is intact or the fluorescence probe is intact DNA molecule.
• the fluorescent probes attach themselves to the complementary sections of the template DNA (outside the primer binding sites).
• the DNA polymerase migrates along the strand of the template DNA to be copied and inevitably encounters the attached one
• Fluorescent probe The fluorescent probes are cut by a 5'-3 'exonuclease activity of the DNA polymerase, so that the spatial proximity of the reporter dye molecules and the quencher dye molecules is canceled, whereby a fluorescence signal is generated. This measurable The fluorescence signal therefore indicates the amplification that has taken place.
• the fluorophores of the probes are expediently selected such that the colors or fluorescence signals can be distinguished from one another by means of a detector device and a suitable filter set.
• the defined, artificial sequence of the reference DNA is expediently not the same (orthogonal), i.e. thus not homologous to the sequence of the target DNA, the GC content, ie the total proportion of guanine (G) and cytosine (C) in the sequence, regardless of their positions in the sequence itself, preferably being as identical as possible to the GC Content of the target DNA is.
• “as identical as possible” is to be understood as meaning that the percentage GC content of the target DNA and the reference DNA deviates from
• the base pair length of the target DNA sequence and the reference DNA sequence is as equal as possible, with deviations of, for example, up to 15%, preferably up to 10%, being acceptable.
• the reference DNA allows internal calibration and can also perform the tasks of positive and negative controls.
• a multi-template PCR is carried out, with several different, specific amplificates being produced in parallel in the amplification reaction.
• At least two templates, ie the target DNA and the reference DNA, are provided.
• the different templates are amplified using only one pair of primers that hybridize with the target DNA and the reference DNA.
• different probes one for the target DNA and one for If the reference DNA is specific (or possibly several probes), different fluorescence signals or fluorescent colors can be detected, the test result being able to be obtained from the relationships of the different fluorescence signals to one another.
• a PCR process that is carried out with the reaction mixture described is particularly suitable for automation and miniaturization, in particular in the context of a microfluidic application, on account of the integrated references and controls. It can be particularly advantageous here if the various components of the
• Reaction mixture can be provided in lyophilized form.
• the target DNA and / or the reference DNA and / or the primers and / or the deoxy nucleotides and / or the DNA polymerase can be provided and presented in lyophilized form.
• This can be implemented, for example, in the form of one or more so-called lyobeads.
• a lyobead is generally understood to mean a lyophilisate which, according to the
• the substances are usually in powder form, pressed into a spherical shape.
• the components required for the PCR approach can be provided in lyophilized form, in particular the DNA polymerase, the deoxy nucleotides, the target DNA and the reference DNA and the reaction buffer components and optionally also the primers and / or the probes , That way, in a lot
• the PCR process can be started in a user-friendly manner by adding the sample to be quantified and, if necessary, other necessary components.
• the provision in lyophilized form is particularly advantageous for automated applications.
• reaction mixture or at least parts of the reaction mixture as a lyobead has the further advantage that the integration of standards and / or controls in a reaction batch can significantly reduce the manufacturing effort and also the development effort for the lyobeads.
• the reduction in the number of reaction batches required also makes integration into a microfluidic system particularly advantageous, since fewer reaction chambers are required than in conventional PCR processes, and the microfluidic one Platform does not have to be expanded by additional chambers.
• runtime of the real-time PCR can be shortened, since that of the invention
• the underlying concept enables the reaction conditions to be brought into a particularly efficient or ideal reaction range by predefined quantities of the templates, so that fluorescence signals can always be expected.
• Another particular advantage of the PCR process described here is that the integration of standards and / or controls in one
• Templates are identical, for example for quality control
• a standard straight line is often created as part of a quantitative real-time PCR, often requiring at least three different concentrations for the standard straight line that lie in the range of the sample concentration to be expected. For statistical reasons, more concentrations are often chosen for the standard reactions and these standard reactions are also processed in multiple executions.
• the calibration is carried out with the aid of a multi-signal concept of the different fluorescent probes and their relationship to one another, which is why only one reaction is required and quantification is nevertheless possible. This has considerable advantages in terms of the work and process effort required for this, as well as in terms of advantageously minimizing expensive chemicals and the need for samples or the small amount of samples required.
• the amount of the reference DNA can be present in a concentration which corresponds to a detection limit for the DNA section to be quantified. Furthermore, it may vary Application should be provided that the target DNA and the reference DNA are present in a ratio of 1: 1 and beyond in defined amounts.
• the invention further comprises a method for carrying out a quantitative real-time PCR, with this method at least one
• Reaction mixture as described above is used.
• the actual sample is usually added to this reaction mixture with the
• the PCR process is carried out to a certain extent as a duplex reaction, the PCR cycles being carried out in a manner known per se by varying the temperature in a thermocycling process known per se.
• the target DNA and the DNA section to be quantified, if present in the sample, and the reference DNA are amplified.
• the amplification of the target DNA and, at the same time, of the actual sample with the DNA segment to be quantified as well as the amplification of the reference DNA are recorded and traceably tracked.
• a test result and in particular a quantitative test result can be determined from the ratio of these signals to one another.
• Each array vessel of the PCR array can be equipped with different reaction mixtures, so that a maximum degree of multiplexing is possible.
• the assembly can be carried out, for example, by spotting each array vessel with a different reaction mixture. This makes it possible that, in particular in a microfluidic PCR array
• Sample solution with the DNA section to be quantified or the nucleic acid material to be investigated can, for example, be passed as a whole over the array. In this way, the sample solution gets into each individual array vessel and forms with each different
• Reaction mixture a respective reaction batch.
• the particular advantage here is that the individual reaction chambers do not have to be individually filled and controlled. This is the case with conventional methods
• Standard reactions are provided, must not be loaded with sample material. In this respect, it is generally necessary with conventional PCR arrays that the individual reaction chambers have to be individually filled and controlled, the reaction vessels for the standard reactions being filled differently than the reaction chambers that are used for the PCR processes with the
• the PCR array with which a PCR process is carried out according to the concept described here allows a much larger number of PCR batches with the sample to be measured in an array, because no separate reaction batches have to be provided for the standard reactions .
• the concept of the present application also allows, as above
• Another particular advantage of the concept described here for a real-time PCR is that the reaction system does not have to be calibrated for every light source, since the test results are obtained from the ratio of the signals, which is based on the conserved conditions in the individual amplification processes.
• Light sources and optical detectors are often different for different device types. Therefore, calibration measurements are traditionally required for each type of device. Even in a device that has two identical LED light sources installed
• both light sources are calibrated so that they provide the same absolute numbers that are required for the evaluation over standard straight lines.
• these complex calibration measurements are dispensed with, since relative conditions are used within one approach.
• the sample quantities obtained from the patient are often small.
• analysis systems that are used in point-of-care applications are provided for a small space requirement and should have the highest possible degree of automation in order to reduce the operating effort.
• microfluidic implementations of the PCR approach described here are particularly suitable for these applications, automation, miniaturization and parallelization being possible, which on the one hand reduces the effort required for use and also minimizes the potential for errors in the event of incorrect operation.
• the reagents can also be prepared for lyophilization at room temperature and in the smallest space, for example in the form of lyobeads.
• a nested PCR process comprises one in a manner known per se
• Pre-amplification and at least one subsequent detection reaction Pre-amplification and at least one subsequent detection reaction.
• the concept described here can be used in one approach for estimating the PCR product amount of the pre-amplification using a target DNA and a reference DNA.
• the target DNA and the reference DNA can be designed so that a first pair of primers for the pre-amplification and at least a second pair of primers for the
• the target DNA and the reference DNA each have complementary sequence segments to the primer sequences (primer binding sites), the complementary sequence segments for the second pair of primers (primer binding sites for the primer pair of Detection reaction (s) within the complementary sequence segments for the first pair of primers (primer binding sites for the pair of primers)
• Pre-amplification This means that the primer binding sites for the individual primer pairs are to a certain extent nested within one another on the target DNA and the reference DNA.
• the nested PCR process can be especially for one
• Point mutation detection can be used.
• the mapping of Point mutation detection can be used.
• Fluorescence probe can be performed.
• the nested PCR process can be a multiplex process in which at least two specific gene segments are to be detected in a genome.
• a control reaction can be carried out for a quantification of the pre-amplification, in which a control exon from the genome is amplified in parallel.
• the target DNA and the reference DNA are matched to the control exon, it being possible to draw conclusions from the quantification of the amplification of the control exon in accordance with the concept described here for the amounts in the amplification of the gene segments to be detected during the pre-amplification.
• Point mutation assays are needed in oncology. Although two color channels are required for the detection of each DNA section to be examined, the concept allows multiplexing and several can
• Pre-amplification is estimated.
• the two PCR processes ie the pre-amplification and the subsequent detection reaction are linked to one another fully automatically in a microfluidic system, without the DNA concentration having to be measured separately in an intermediate step or without having to purify PCR products formed during the pre-amplification.
• the nested PCR process can be
• they can be designed so that after the PCR product quantity from the pre-amplification has been estimated, an optimal DNA concentration for the subsequent detection reaction (s) is set by dilution. This can be done in-situ, for example, also in an automated manner.
• the invention comprises a kit for carrying out a quantitative real-time PCR.
• the kit comprises at least one target DNA which corresponds at least in part to the DNA sequence to be quantified.
• the kit comprises at least one reference DNA with a defined, artificial sequence and in a defined amount. Furthermore, at least two are different
• Fluorescence probes with different sequences are available that generate a signal at different wavelengths.
• primers and / or deoxy nucleotides and / or a DNA polymerase and / or buffer components can be provided.
• the target DNA and the reference DNA have the same primer binding sites, but different probe binding sites, the probe binding sites being outside the primer binding sites in the respective amplicon. At least one of the
• Fluorescent probes are for hybridization (binding) with a portion of the target DNA outside the primer binding sites in the amplicon and at least one of the fluorescent probes is for hybridization (binding) with a portion of the reference DNA outside the primer binding sites in the amplicon.
• the components of the kit can be in particular in lyophilized form
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the design of the target DNA and the reference DNA to illustrate the basic principle of the concept
• Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the for real-time quantitative PCR
• Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a quantitative real-time PCR
• FIG. 3A DNA templates used (FIG. 3A) and schematic representation of possible test results (FIG. 3B) when using the concept in the context of a quantitative nested PCR;
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of possible designs for a reference DNA in the context of a point mutation assay
• Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the template DNA used
• Template DNAs that is, the target DNA 11 and the reference DNA 12 explained.
• a classic TaqMan ® system can be used as the basis for the PCR reaction approach, using two different fluorescence probes, as explained at the beginning.
• the target DNA corresponds to the DNA sequence that is actually to be analyzed or quantified, for example the DNA sequence of a gene segment.
• the target DNA 11 is provided with an artificial reference DNA, which has a defined sequence and in a defined amount is used, supplemented.
• the target DNA 11 and the reference DNA 12 have the same primer binding sites, ie one binding site 13 for the forward primer and one binding site 14 for the reverse primer.
• These template DNAs 11, 12 differ in the remaining base pair sequence 15, 16. In particular, they have different binding sites 17, 18 for the probes used.
• Quanticon 11 for the amplicon to be quantified
• Articon 12 for the artificial amplicon.
• the following table summarizes the design of the Quanticon (target DNA) 11 and the Articon (reference DNA) 12:
• the fluorophores of the fluorescent probes are selected so that the two colors can be distinguished from one another by means of a detector (filter set).
• the orthogonal sequence 16 of the reference DNA 12 is more appropriately different from the target sequence 15 of the target DNA 11.
• the GC content should be as identical as possible to the GC content of the target sequence 15 of the target DNA. Also the
• the base pair length of Quanticon, ie target DNA 11, and Articon, ie reference DNA 12, should be of the same length.
• the melting temperatures of the two amplicons 11, 12 are very similar, so that, in principle, the same amounts of amplificate are produced in an efficient PCR.
• a quantitative real-time PCR is carried out with these template DNAs, with Quanticon 11 and Articon 12 being amplified as a quasi-duplex reaction in the same reaction vessel.
• both probes are recorded, for example after each PCR cycle or continuously.
• the Articon 12 can be presented in a predefined amount in the range or above the detection limit and must be detected as signals from probe B if the PCR is successful. In this case, the Articon 12 serves as a reaction control.
• Amplification of Quanticon 11 and, if necessary, additionally in The reaction mixture of the gene section to be quantified (target) can be detected as a signal from probe A.
• the signals from probe A and B are now in defined ratios. If the same starting quantity of Articon 12 and Quanticon 11 is available, the two amplification curves are congruent. If more Quanticon 11 is present, then this is detected earlier and the curve of the Articons 12 follows depending on its concentration. This can be calculated from the reaction efficiency and from the defined amount of Articons 12.
• the amount of Articon 12 presented is an absolute one
• Quanticons 11 can be calculated.
• the reaction system in the event that the sample material is present as a genome. This can be used, for example, if certain gene segments from a lysate are to be detected. Comparable to the principle from FIG. 1, a Quanticon 11 (Q) and an Articon 12 (A) are used here.
• the gene section 20 (S) to be amplified is located in the reaction mixture as a cell lysate with genetic material which is formed by the genome of the cell (s).
• the Quanticon 11 and the Articon 12 are presented in a predefined amount in a ratio of 1: 1. For example, the selected amount may be close to above the detection limit. Another option is to set the amount to a range that is ideally functional for the PCR reaction
• any real-time quantitative PCR has limits within which the reaction proceeds efficiently.
• the detected Ci values which describe the beginning of the exponential growth of a curve, are in a linear relationship to the logarithmic start quantity used. If the amount of Quanticon 11 and Articon 12 used is selected in this range, a signal should be detected with every successful PCR process. The signal of the articon 12 is the signal that must be measured last in the chronological order. If this is missing, the reaction control is negative. If the signal of the Quanticon 11 is detected at the same time as the signal for the Articon 12, this means that only Quanticon 11 and Articon 12 was present and no sample 20. This case is shown in diagram A in FIG.
• Lines 11 and 12 represent the respective fluorescence signals of quanticone 11 (fluorophore A) and articon 12 (fluorophore B). If the same DNA section as in Quanticon 11 was present in the genome or in sample 20, this section from sample 20 is also amplified. This leads to the signal of the quanticon 11 (diagram B in FIG. 2) being detected earlier, the detected signal being composed of the amplification of the quanticone 11 and the sample 20. As already explained in principle with reference to FIG. 1, the starting amount of the DNA section to be examined can now be calculated from the sample 20 (sample).
• the predefined quantities of Articon 12 and Quanticon 11 not only offer the absolute reference point for calculating the
• the process can be carried out dynamically, in that the signal of the Quanticon 11 represents a termination criterion for the reaction, so that after the signal of the
• Quanticons 11 the PCR process can be ended. Since the quantity of the quanticone 11 can be transferred into an efficient area for the PCR process, detection is possible approximately in the middle of the time of the planned process duration, that is to say with medium number of cycles. In the case of a positive sample, that is to say the DNA section sought is present in sample 20, the signal from quanticon 11 (together with the signal from sample 20) lies before the signal from articon 12, so that the process time for the measurement can be shortened , In this case, only a qualitative statement is possible after stopping the reaction.
• 3A and 3B illustrate the concept described in the context of a qualitative nested PCR (nested PCR).
• a PCR method can e.g. B. can be used to detect mutations.
• the target region in which the mutation is located is copied up from the genomic DNA 30 of cells.
• the ratio of wild type to mutation is then measured.
• the actual detection reaction is preceded by a pre-amplification to ensure that there is enough material for a detection is available. This is particularly important when there is little cell material, such as. B. in a liquid biopsy with circulating tumor cells. As illustrated in FIG.
• the implementation of the concept described here takes place in such a system that the locus of mutation 35 (target DNA) is first copied up in a sufficiently large section with a defined pair of primers.
• Corresponding binding sites 33, 34 for a forward primer and a reverse primer are present on the genomic DNA of sample 30 for this first pair of primers.
• a probe binding site 37 for a first fluorescent probe A in the immediate vicinity of the primer binding site 33 is monitored and quantification of the process.
• a Quanticon 21 that is to say a target DNA 21, is designed which has corresponding primer binding sites 23 and 24 and a corresponding probe binding site 27 for the fluorescent probe A.
• an Articon 22 reference DNA with the same primer binding sites 23, 24 and a different probe binding site 28 is designed for a fluorescent probe B.
• Pre-amplification ready which can be quantified according to the principle explained with reference to FIG. 2.
• further primer binding sites 43, 44 are provided for a further primer pair with a second forward primer and a second reverse primer, the binding site 43 for the second forward primer being located in the genomic gene segment 30 the binding site 37 for the fluorescent probe A connects.
• the binding site 44 for the second reverse primer is located downstream of the actual target DNA 35, which represents the gene segment to be detected.
• Pre-amplification there are corresponding primer binding sites 43, 44.
• the target DNA 21 (Quanticon for the pre-amplification), different, that is to say orthogonal, sequences are provided at positions 143, 144, which correspond to the primer binding sites 43, 44 of the Articon sequence 22.
• the sequence between the sequences 143, 144 on the Quanticon sequence 21 corresponds to the target DNA sequence 35 of the DNA section to be quantified in the sample 30.
• the amplified gene segment 30 '(amplified sample) to be quantified is present as the PCR product.
• the amplified Articon 22 ' is also present.
• the Quanticon 21, also amplified corresponds essentially to the sequence of the amplified sample 30 '.
• Detection reaction 102 is located after the primer binding site 43 for the forward primer, one binding site 47 for another
• Fluorescence probe A ' which is used in the subsequent detection reaction 102.
• the articon 22 or the amplified articon 22 ' has, after the primer binding site 43, a different probe binding site 48 for a further fluorescent probe B', likewise for the following one
• Detection reaction 102 An orthogonal sequence 26 adjoins the articon 22 or the amplified articon 22 ', which is orthogonal to the target sequence 35 of the sample 30 to be examined. This is followed by the binding site 44 for the reverse primer of the subsequent detection reaction 102 and the binding site 24 for the reverse primer from the pre-amplification.
• the GC content and the length of the base pair sequences between Articon 22 and the corresponding section in the sample 30 and the Quanticon 21 should correspond approximately, as already explained above.
• the preamplification 100 is quantified in principle as already explained with reference to FIG. 2 and is illustrated in the upper part of FIG. 3B.
• the signals from probes A and B are shown here.
• Diagram A shows the case where the signal of the Quanticons 21 (probe A) and the signal of the Articons 22 (probe B) are superimposed. In this case, there is no DNA section to be detected in sample 30.
• Diagram B shows the case in which the signal of the amplified quanticone 21 together with the amplified gene section from the sample 30 occurs before the signal of the amplified one
• Quanticon 21 can calculate the efficiency.
• the final concentration and the starting concentration of all amplificates can be calculated using the predefined articon 22.
• the batch can be diluted and prepared with a new master mix (step 101) so that the batch corresponds to the ideal input concentrations for the subsequent detection assay (s) (step 102).
• the dilution can be done manually, for example if the reactions in a bulk system,
• microfluidic systems for example, a classic qPCR cycler.
• the process is preferably carried out in a fully automated fluid handler, microfluidic systems being particularly suitable.
• microfluidic systems being particularly suitable.
• the reaction mixture is amplified with the necessary primers (second pair of primers) and the signal curve of probe A '(curve 470) and probe B' (curve 480) is observed and evaluated.
• the articon 22 ' is outnumbered, that is to say there is less starting material of the articon 22' than starting material of the sample 30 '. This is because the pre-amplification 100 results in more sample amplicon, consisting of the amplified sample 30 'and the amplified Quanticon 21.
• a dynamic termination of the PCR after immediate detection is therefore of great advantage, because the Articon 22 'and the sample 30' in the exponential phase make the estimation of the amplicon amounts more accurate than in the case of detection in the saturation phase.
• the second qPCR ie the detection reaction 102
• the amplified Quanticon 21 of the first reaction is not considered in the second reaction (detection reaction 102), since the corresponding positions 143, 144 to the primer binding sites 43, 44 on the target DNA sequence 21 of the pre-amplification are orthogonal, were chosen differently.
• an additional Articon can also be added to its master mix. Instead of the articon, the first
• the first reaction mixture is usually diluted and the Articon (but not the increased actual sample) is detected. Therefore, after dilution, a defined amount of Articon is added for a more precise determination.
• This further Articon can, for example, be stored in a (second) Lyobead required for the detection reaction. This is particularly advantageous to determine the relationship between wild and mutation type in a point mutation detection.
• Another Quanticon is also used, which has the same primer binding sequences. The amplified product of the first reaction 100 must then be diluted so that it corresponds to the concentration of the second quanticone presented.
• Fig. 4 are embodiments for a possible design of the art icons
• Articons 52, 62 are intended for the use of a nested PCR as part of a point mutation assay. Generally, at
• mutation sensitive probes or blockers selected.
• the primer is designed so that it can only bind if the mutation is present. Examples of this are so-called ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System) systems.
• ARMS Amplification Refractory Mutation System
• a mutation-sensitive probe or blocker is used which only binds if the mutation is present (e.g. PNA-CLAMP systems - peptide nucleic acid (PNA) -mediated PCR
• the inventive concept makes sense for such a proof to include a second Quanticon.
• 62 mutation 301 is built into the orthogonal sequences. The binding site of the mutation should thus be included.
• Mutation-sensitive primers Articon 62 therefore comprises the following sections: Binding site 23 for the first forward primer, binding site 28 for probe B, binding site 63 for a mutation-specific primer which is the forward primer of the second pair of primers for the detection reaction 102, an orthogonal sequence 26, a binding site 44 for the reverse Primer of the detection reaction 102 and a binding site 24 for the reverse primer of the pre-amplification.
• the Articon 52 is designed so that the binding site for this probe or the blocker comprises the mutation site 301 at exactly the same location as in the mutation type. Otherwise, the Articon 52 corresponds to the Articon 62 or Articon 22.
• FIG. 5 shows a multiplex version of a nested PCR, two detection reactions being able to be carried out in one approach.
• a lysate of a few cells for example 10 to 1000 cells.
• This lysate can contain, for example, cells from an accumulation, for example from an accumulation of circulating tumor cells or from an accumulation of immune cells, for example specific T cells, from a body fluid, such as blood, urine, spinal fluid or the like. These cells are lysed in a small volume and provide the sample for carrying out the method.
• Two gene segments 70, 80 are to be detected in this cell lysate, for example an exon A (gene segment 70) and an exon B (gene segment 80).
• the gene segments 70, 80 are amplified (pre-amplification), so that in the subsequent step in one or more detection reactions, abnormalities on these gene segments, such as mutations or function-typical gene sequences, for example the genetic coding of an antigen epitope, can be detected.
• the genetic material of the lysed cells first becomes the two target exons, ie gene sections 70 and 80 were amplified.
• a sample check is also carried out.
• a control exon C is amplified as gene segment 90 for the sample control. This can be, for example, an exon of the gene sought, on which the anomaly is not present. If this is amplified, the reaction is considered successful and as proof that the sample material, i.e. genetic material, was present in the sample.
• the control exon 90 for the detection and quantification of the amplification of the control exon 90, in
• a target DNA (Quanticon) 21 and a reference DNA (Articon) 22 are used in a corresponding manner as already described, which according to the above
• control exon 90 in terms of their structure and their components. If the amplicons 70, 80 and 90 all have approximately the same length and the same GC content, then that should
• the reaction approach in a triplex reaction produces approximately the same number of copies for each template. If there are deviations in the length and in the GC content, there are conserved ratios of the amplified amplicons, the ratios additionally being able to be influenced by the DNA structure and epigenetic modifications. That is, even if the reaction may be less efficient when amplifying one of the exons, the ratios of the amplicon copies produced are still constant. This allows only one amplicon, namely the control exon C, in the
• control exon C gene segment 90.
• the pre-amplification is first quantified by the control exon 90, so that the amplificates for the subsequent one
• Reaction conditions in the detection reaction can optionally be distributed and diluted in situ. After the distribution and dilution, a new master mix is added which is intended for the specific assay of the detection reaction and which can also be quantified in accordance with the statements relating to FIG. 2.
• Exon A (gene segment 70) has the on the periphery of the amplicon Binding sites 71, 72 for the primers of the pre-amplification.
• Exon B (gene segment 80) and the control exon C (gene segment 90) have corresponding primer binding sites 81, 82 and 91, 92, but with different sequences.
• the binding site for the primers of the second reaction (detection reaction) 73, 74 and 83, 84 follows on gene segments 70 and 80 respectively. Is a probe for
• control exon C (gene segment 90) has the binding site 97 for a fluorescent probe A after the primer binding site 91.
• a Quanticon or a target DNA 21 and an Articon or a reference DNA 22 are supplemented, which have the same primer binding sites 91 , 92 are labeled as control exon C (gene segment 90).
• the target DNA 21 also has the same binding site 97 for probe A.
• the reference DNA 22 also has a probe binding site 98, but with a different sequence for binding a fluorescent probe B. From the signals to be generated with this reaction mixture, conclusions can be drawn about the copies Nc produced and the starting quantity No.
• the quantities of exons A and B are calculated from the conserved ratios.
• the conditions can be
• the ratios are specific to the particular assay.
• the ratios are intrinsically constant, but must be measured for each application, i.e. can be parameterized.
• the master mixes of the following two separate and parallel processable specific proofs for exon A and for exon B each have a quanticon and an articon, which have the same primer binding sites as the respective target exon Have A or B.
• the quanticon has the wild-type sequence and the articon has the mutant sequence.
• the entire reaction sequence is shown schematically in the middle part of the illustration in FIG. 5.
• the pre-amplification 200 takes place first, with exon A, exon B, control exon C and the quanticon and the articon being present as templates in the approach.
• the quantification result 210 is obtained (No control exon C, Nc control exon C, can be calculated therefrom Nc, N o Exon A; Nc, No Exon B).
• the optimal concentrations of exon A (Ns, 2 exon A) and exon B (Ns, 2 exon) are determined in step 220 by distributing and, if necessary, diluting the batches B) set.
• the specific mutation detection is carried out, for which, in addition to exon A or exon B, a correspondingly designed Quanticon A and Articon A or
• Quanticon B and Articon B are added as illustrated in the lower part of FIG. 5.
• the array 500 is integrated, for example, in a chip made of structured silicon, the array 500 being located in a microfluidic chamber which has an inflow 501 and a Drain 502 is provided.
• individual reaction vessels of the array 500 can be controlled globally or liquids can be added.
• a pre-amplified sample can be rinsed over the array 500 so that the individual reaction vessels of the array 500 are filled.
• a seal can be used to prevent communication via diffusion between the individual reaction vessels in a second fluidic step.
• Each reaction vessel of the array 500 is now, for example, with a lyophilized master mix and / or with the primers and
• concept of the invention may preferably based on TaqMan ® - developed systems.
• the synthesis of the individual template DNAs, in particular the Quanticons and the Articons, can be carried out with more conventional methods
• Nucleic acid synthesis take place.
• the master mixes, including the template DNAs, can preferably be stored upstream as lyophilisates.
• Microoptofluidic systems are particularly suitable for process automation.

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