EP3812126A1 - A method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper s ghost illusion - Google Patents

A method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper s ghost illusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3812126A1
EP3812126A1 EP20203263.7A EP20203263A EP3812126A1 EP 3812126 A1 EP3812126 A1 EP 3812126A1 EP 20203263 A EP20203263 A EP 20203263A EP 3812126 A1 EP3812126 A1 EP 3812126A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
foil
roll
core
reflective
flame retardant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20203263.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ian O'connell
Michael Abrahams
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Musion IP Ltd
Original Assignee
Musion IP Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Musion IP Ltd filed Critical Musion IP Ltd
Publication of EP3812126A1 publication Critical patent/EP3812126A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/10—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial
    • B29C55/12—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial
    • B29C55/14—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial successively
    • B29C55/143—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets multiaxial biaxial successively firstly parallel to the direction of feed and then transversely thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
    • B29C48/147—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration after the die nozzle
    • B29C48/1472—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration after the die nozzle at the die nozzle exit zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/06—Organic materials
    • C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/18—Fire preventing or extinguishing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
    • G03B21/62—Translucent screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/007—Using fluid under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/17—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components having different colours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
    • B29K2105/0026—Flame proofing or flame retarding agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31942—Of aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y10T428/31946—Next to second aldehyde or ketone condensation product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a foil for producing a Pepper's ghost Illusion and in particular a transparent flame resistant foil for producing a Pepper's ghost Illusion. More specifically the invention concerns a method of testing, rolling and storing, and transporting a transparent flame resistant foil for producing a Pepper's ghost Illusion.
  • Video production techniques are well known in the art and are commonly used for creating lighting effects in motion pictures in the form of Pepper's ghost images.
  • a real object or an image of a subject is reflected by a partially-reflective foil that also allows a background scene to show through. From the perspective of a viewer the foil is invisible and the reflected image appears as a transparent "ghost" superimposed over the background scene.
  • a conventional foil used in the production of a Pepper's ghost illusion is made from a polymeric or plastic film.
  • a preferred polymer is polyester which is used for its superior mechanical properties which are enhanced by stretching the film as it is produced.
  • Conventional plastic foil burns easily when exposed to a naked flame and melts at high temperatures. Consequently, a conventional foil poses a safety risk and in the case of a fire the foil may melt and ignite and cause a rapid spread of flame and provide further fuel to the fire which will be dangerous to people in close proximity to the foil and may impede their safe evacuation.
  • a conventional foil should not be used as part of a lighting rig or stageset on music and theatre performances, television shows, nightclubs and other public places where local, national or international fire and safety regulations require the use of fire retardant materials.
  • the response of a conventional foil to fire and heat may prevent a conventional foil being used in locations where the foil is likely to be in the proximity of heat-generating lighting or other such heat-generating equipment. This may prevent the erection of a Pepper's ghost apparatus in confined spaces where close proximity of the foil to the lighting cannot be avoided.
  • a foil is stored by placing a glue strip onto a roll core and sticking the end of the foil to the glued strip and then rolling the foil onto the core.
  • the glued strip causes a raised ridge in the foil that is carried through the rolls of the foil. This raised ridge results in deformities in the foil when it is unrolled making it unsuitable for use in creating or producing a Pepper's ghost illusion, as the deformities/wrinkles will be evident to a viewer detracting from the illusion.
  • the foil needs to be substantially wrinkle free and have very good optical and mechanical properties.
  • a foil for creating lighting effects and in particular for producing the Pepper's ghost Illusion that has the required physical and optical properties such as being fire resistant to comply with local, national or international fire and safety regulations and/or allow the foil to be used in the proximity of heat-generating lighting or other such heat-generating equipment.
  • the present invention provides a method of producing a Pepper's ghost Illusion comprising using a reflective and transparent foil formed from a polymeric composite, the polymeric composite including a flame retardant.
  • Passive fire protection is designed to protect elements of structure in the unfortunate event of a fire and also protect certain elements from actually catching on fire.
  • Safety standards are laid down within the building regulations to which almost all buildings must adhere, these standards are there to ensure the protection of life, and not to protect the building.
  • the present invention provides a flame resistant foil such that the Pepper's ghost illusion may be produced at a location where local, national or international fire and safety regulations need to be met, or where they are likely to be used in the proximity to heat-generating lighting or other such heat-generating equipment.
  • the flame resistant foil also should have the required optical properties required to produce the Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • the foil may have a haze of less than 10%, and optionally or preferably less than 5% and further optionally or further preferably less than 2%.
  • the foil may be at least certified flame resistant to a European Class B rating under BS EN 13823 and BSEN 11925-2.
  • the foil may be manufactured using a continuous extrusion process.
  • the flame retardant may be added to the polymeric composite prior to the polymerisation process.
  • the flame retardant may comprise an organic phosphorous compound monomer that is polymerised in the polymerisation process. It will be understood that other suitable flame retardants may be used. For example, halogenated flame retardants, such as those comprising brominated or chlorinated compounds.
  • the applicant believes integration of phosphorous based flame retardants into the compound of the foil is easier than halogenated flame detardants.
  • Other suitable flame retardants could be used, as long as the flame retardant can be substantially, and preferably fully dissolved, in the polymeric composite in order to make an optical clear foil suitable for use in a Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • the foil may be produced on a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) line.
  • the present invention provides a reflective and transparent foil formed from a polymeric composite comprising an organic phosphorous compound flame retardant and without an ultraviolet stabiliser and/or any white pigment.
  • the foil may be manufactured using an extrusion process and unlike conventional glass screens the foil of the current invention is less likely to shatter and poses less danger to crew installing it or working along side the foil. Unlike glass screens the foil may be installed into moving scenery without fear of it breaking as it is moved. This means that it is a very straightforward process to fly the system in and out of stages as required.
  • the foil may be certified flame retardant to a Class B under European fire testing standards.
  • the foil may be at least certified flame resistant to a European Class B rating under BS EN 13823 and BSEN 11925-2.
  • the foil may be manufactured using an extrusion process.
  • a flame retardant may be added to the polymeric composite prior to the polymerisation process.
  • the flame retardant may comprise a monomer and preferably an organic phosphorous compound monomer that is polymerised in the polymerisation process.
  • the flame retardant may result in a flame resistant foil having a haze of less than 10%, and optionally or preferably less than 5%, and further optionally or further preferably less than 2%.
  • the foil may be produced from a thin membrane comprising a flame retardant polyester film.
  • the foil may comprise a polyester flame resistant foil produced on a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) line.
  • BOPET biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate
  • the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a partially reflective transparent foil for producing a Pepper's ghost Illusion, the method comprising: adding a flame retardant to a monomer mixture prior to polymerization causing polymerization of the monomer mixture including the flame retardant to result in a polymeric composition; and manufacturing the foil from the polymeric composition using an extrusion process.
  • the haze rating of the foil is preferably below 2% haze.
  • the manufacturing process may further comprise stretching the foil to enhance the foils mechanical properties.
  • the flame retardant may comprise an organic phosphorous compound containing monomer.
  • the extrusion process may further comprise a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) line. Stretching the foil may comprise stretching the foil in both a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction.
  • BOPET biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate
  • the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a partially reflective transparent foil for use in creating lighting effects, the method comprising: adding an additive to a monomer mixture after the polymerization process causing a polymerized monomer mixture and the additive to result in a polymeric composition; manufacturing the foil from the polymeric composition using an extrusion process; and wherein the additive in the resultant foil is capable of being activated by an external source to create a lighting effect.
  • This aspect of the invention provides a foil which may be used for more than just producing a real object or an image of a subject when reflected by a partially-reflective foil that also allows a background scene to show through. It allows for different backgrounds to be activated by using the additive or at least provide variations in the background being used.
  • the additive may comprise any one of nano-particles, light sensitive materials, pigments or dyes.
  • the external source may comprise any one of ultraviolet light, any type of light source, electricity, chemicals or temperature.
  • the additive may further comprise a light sensitive dye which when activated by the external source produces a lighting effect on an edge of the foil which resembles a trade mark or watermark.
  • the present invention provides a reflective and transparent foil for use in creating lighting effects, wherein the foil is formed from a polymeric composite comprising an additive, wherein the additive in the polymeric composite is capable of being activated by an external source to create a lighting effect.
  • the foil may be for use in creating a Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • the foil may be manufactured using a continuous extrusion process.
  • the foil may be produced on a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) line.
  • BOPET biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate
  • the present invention provides a method of processing a reflective and transparent foil, the processing comprising gluing the foil to a core around which the foil will be rolled, wherein the foil is attached to the core by spraying glue onto a surface of the core.
  • the foil In order to produce a foil which may be used in a Pepper's ghost Illusion the foil must be substantially wrinkle free. By spraying the glue onto the core to secure the end of the foil there is less chance that the glue produces a ridge or raised portion that may result in wrinkles or other deformities being formed in the roll of foil. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the glue is sprayed onto a surface of the core such that the glue does not produce a significant ridge in the foil. A significant ridge is formed when there is no uniform distribution of the glue on the core and a ridge is formed in the roll of foil which reduces the amount of foil on the roll which can be used to produce a lighting effect. A significant ridge may be a ridge that is formed in a foil that is more than 50% of the thickness of the foil. A typical foil thickness varying from 24 to 120 microns.
  • the present invention provides a method of processing a reflective and transparent foil, the processing comprising gluing the foil to a core around which the foil will be rolled, wherein the foil is attached to the core by placing glue onto substantially all of the surface of the core such that the glue does not produce a significant ridge in the rolled up foil.
  • the glue may be placed on the surface of a roll to form a uniform layer of glue covering substantially all of the surface of a uniform diameter core.
  • the present invention provides a method of processing a foil for a Pepper's ghost illusion, the processing comprising manufacturing a reflective and transparent foil and winding the foil onto a core, wherein the length of the foil rolled onto the core is a predetermined length based on the amount of anti-stick filler in the foil.
  • the length of foil on the roll is also dependent upon the diameter of the core and the thickness of the foil.
  • the foil length on a roll is between 10 to 40m
  • the core diameter is between 120mm to 350mm
  • the thickness of the foil is between 24 to 120 microns.
  • the present invention provides a method of processing a foil, the processing comprising manufacturing a reflective and transparent foil, and winding the foil onto a roll under a tension, wherein the amount of tension on the foil is limited to producing an internal stress in the foil which is in the range of 10% to 40% and preferably or optionally less than 15% of the foil's ultimate yield stress.
  • the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a reflective and transparent foil, the manufacturing comprising adding an anti-stick filler as part of the foil extrusion process and optionally or preferably adding an anti-stick filler to the polymeric composite prior to the polymerisation process, wherein the anti-stick filler prevents adjacent foil surfaces from sticking to one another.
  • a further subsequent advantage of reducing the amount of foil and the tension on the roll of foil also allows the spraying of the glue onto the core to secure the end of the foil. By spraying there is less chance that the glue will produce a ridge or raised portion that may result in wrinkles or other deformities being formed in the roll of foil.
  • the anti-stick filler may be calcium carbonate.
  • the foil may be a flame retardant foil and the amount of filler is reduced in order to produce a foil with a haze percentage of less than 10%, and preferably or optionally less than 5%, and further preferably or further optionally less than 2%.
  • the present invention provides a method of performing quality control testing of a reflective and transparent foil, the method comprising: unrolling a section of the foil from a core onto another core and placing the unrolled foil under tension; and transmitting a pattern through the foil and determining whether the foil reflects the pattern without significant distortion in order to test the optical quality of the foil.
  • the pattern may comprise a number of rectangular coloured bars.
  • the transmitted pattern may be checked to see that the pattern is not deformed.
  • the present invention provides a roll of foil for producing a Pepper's ghost Illusion comprising a reflective and transparent foil formed from a polymeric composite, the polymeric composite including a flame retardant.
  • the present invention provides a roll of a reflective and transparent foil formed from a polymeric composite comprising an organic phosphorous compound flame retardant and without an ultraviolet stabiliser and/or any white pigment.
  • the present invention provides a roll of a reflective and transparent foil for producing a Pepper's Ghost Illusion comprising, a flame retardant added to a monomer mixture prior to polymerization causing polymerization of the monomer mixture including the flame retardant to result in a polymeric composition; and wherein the foil is manufactured from the polymeric composition using an extrusion process.
  • the present invention provides a roll of a reflective and transparent foil for use in creating lighting effects, wherein the foil is formed from a polymeric composite comprising an additive, wherein the additive in the polymeric composite is capable of being activated by an external source to create a lighting effect.
  • the present invention provides a roll of foil comprising, a reflective and transparent foil rolled around a core, wherein the foil is attached to the core by spraying glue onto a surface of the core.
  • the present invention provides a roll of foil, the roll comprising a reflective and transparent foil glued to a core around which the foil will be rolled around, wherein the foil is attached to the core by placing glue onto substantially all of the surface of the core such that the glue does not produce a significant ridge in the rolled up foil.
  • the present invention provides a method of processing a foil for a Pepper's ghost illusion, the processing comprising manufacturing a reflective and transparent foil and winding the foil onto a core, wherein the length of the foil rolled onto the core is a predetermined length based on the amount of anti-stick filler in the foil.
  • the length of foil on the roll is also dependent upon the diameter of the core and the thickness of the foil.
  • the foil length on a roll is between 10 to 40m
  • the core diameter is between 120mm to 350mm
  • the thickness of the foil is between 24 to 120 microns.
  • the present invention provides a roll of foil comprising a reflective and transparent foil, wherein a tension is applied to the foil on the roll, wherein the amount of tension applied to the roll of foil is limited to producing an internal stress in the foil which is in the range of 10% to 40% and preferably or optionally less than 15% of the foil's ultimate yield stress.
  • the present invention provides a roll of foil comprising a reflective and transparent foil, the foil comprising an anti-stick filler added during the foil extrusion process and optionally or preferably an anti-stick filler added to the polymeric composite prior to the polymerisation process, wherein the anti-stick filler prevents adjacent foil surfaces from sticking to one another.
  • the present invention provides a roll of a reflective and transparent foil comprising performing a quality control test to determine an optical quality of the roll of foil, the quality control test comprising: a section of the foil unwound from a core under tension; and a pattern transmitted through the foil to determine whether the foil reflects the pattern without significant distortion.
  • a roll of foil is produced which may be used where local, national or international fire and safety regulations require the use of fire retardant materials, or where they are likely to be used in the proximity to heat-generating lighting or other such heat-generating equipment.
  • By removing the UV stabiliser and/or the white pigment produces a roll of foil that meets the requirements for producing a Pepper's Ghost Illusion.
  • the image to be projected into the foil panel 10 and reflected should be projected as high definition (HD) video and if the projected image is to be a human figure, then the mirror or foil 10 should be capable of producing a life size image.
  • HD high definition
  • the foil panel 10 which is required in order to reproduce a quality image for a Pepper's ghost illusion is the clarity of the foil 10.
  • the foil 10 In order to produce a good quality illusion the foil 10 should have less than 10% haze, and preferably less than 5% haze and still further preferably less than 2% haze. This means that any foil 10 which has more than 10% haze is not suitable for reproducing the Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • any screen or foil 10 which, when manufactured exhibits a blurred image or a somewhat milky haze of greater than 10% haze makes the foil unsuitable for the Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • the image to be projected into the foil 10 panel and reflected should be projected as high definition (HD) video.
  • haze is the scattering of light by a film that results in a cloudy appearance or poorer clarity of objects when viewed through the film. More technically, haze is the percentage of light transmitted through a film that is deflected more than 2.5° (degrees) from the direction of the incoming beam.
  • the reflective and transparent foil 10 is formed from a polymeric composite comprising a flame retardant which produces a foil 10 that is suitable for use in creating lighting effects and also the foil 10 does not contain any UV stabilisers or any white pigment.
  • the UV stabilisers and the white pigment are removed to aid in the production of a foil 10 which is capable of producing a lighting effect and in particular, a Pepper's ghost Illusion.
  • a foil 10 which contains either or both of the UV stabiliser and the white pigment would not be able to be used to reproduce the Pepper's ghost Illusion.
  • the foil 10 is a flame resistant film produced with a phosphorous flame retardant which is polymerised in the polyester chain in the polymerization process.
  • the flame retardant is non-halogenated and non-migrating.
  • the flame resistant polyester is then processed into a polyester foil on a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) line where the properties of the material are enhanced. The process will be further described below.
  • a polymeric composite is taken to mean any of the combinations or compositions that comprise two or more materials, at least one of which is a polymer. By combining a polymer with another material, such as glass, carbon, or another polymer, it is often possible to obtain unique combinations or levels of properties.
  • Typical examples of synthetic polymeric composites include glass-, carbon-, or polymer-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, carbon-reinforced rubber, polymer blends, silica-reinforced or mica-reinforced resins.
  • the flame resistant foil 10 allows the flame resistant foil 10 to be used as part of a lighting rig or stageset on music and theatre performances, television shows, nightclubs and other public places where local, national or international fire and safety regulations require the use of fire retardant materials. Also such a flame resistant foil 10 can be used where they are likely to be in the proximity to heat-generated lighting or other such heat-generating equipment.
  • the transparent-reflective foil 10 of the present invention is essentially the same as a beam splitter.
  • Those in the optical coating art will understand the vast variations possible for the transparent-reflective foil 10 in regard to its substrate, coating, and manufactured process.
  • Plastic and glass substrate foils 10, as well as stretched polyester, have been successfully used for the transparent-reflective foil 10.
  • the transparent-reflective foil 10 can range from a custom blend of optical coatings on a transparent substrate for superior reflectivity and transmissivity all the way down to off-the-shelf one-way mirrors with inconsistent and poor optical qualities.
  • the reflectivity and transmissivity, as well as other optical qualities of the transparent-reflective flame retardant foil 10 can be adjusted as required.
  • the transparent-reflective foil 10 should have sufficient transparency to allow a camera to capture a quality image from the opposite side and to allow projected light to pass through without substantial reflection.
  • the quality image is required for the Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • the Pepper's ghost is an illusionary technique used in theatre and in some magic tricks. Using a plate glass or film 10 and special lighting techniques, it can make objects seem to appear or disappear, or make one object seem to "morph" into another.
  • the transparent-reflective foil 10 must also be substantially reflective so that a quality image is reflected from the front projection screen. Antireflective coatings can be applied as needed to suppress unwanted reflections from any of the optical surfaces involved.
  • an antireflection coating can serve to eliminate the ghosting effect apparent with many types of transparent-reflective panels.
  • the transparent-reflective foil 10 the property of being both reflective and transparent remains the single most important constant.
  • One known example for manufacturing a transparent-reflective foil 10 is to pressurise or depressurise a thin plastic membrane into a required shape.
  • a multi-layer panel having a curved reflecting or transmitting facing layer which may be produced by blowing a thin plastic membrane held in a frame and then backed by a polyurethane layer supported by fibre glass to retain the shape of the thin membrane while being either pressurised or de-pressurised by a pressure chamber.
  • the present method is used to provide an example of one such method.
  • the foil 10 is produced from a flame resistant polyester film. Flammability is defined as how easily something will burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion. The degree of difficulty required to cause the combustion of a substance is subject to quantification through fire testing. Internationally, a variety of test protocols exist to quantify flammability. The ratings achieved are used in building codes, insurance requirements, fire codes and other regulations governing the use of building materials as well as the storage and handling of highly flammable substances inside and outside of structures and in surface and air transportation.
  • the flame retardant foil 10 is certified flame retardant to Class B.
  • the foil 10 can therefore be used in any area were a B rating is required.
  • the foil 10 is also certified as Euro Class B rating under BS EN 13823 and BS EN 11925-2.
  • the UL rating is VTM-2.
  • a highly reflective and transparent foil 10 may be rigged or suspended in panels or sheets or pieces or fragments with or without the use of a frame or tensioning devices (not shown).
  • a single sheet of foil 10 may be hung or suspended freely or in a frame in such a way as to be in the path of one or more lights.
  • Figure 1 shows a sheet of foil 10 suspended from a roof, lit with a light source 2 along light path 3 such that the light emitting from the fixture hits the sheet of foil 10 creating an image 4. Part of the light is transmitted through the foil 10 onto another surface 5 along light path 6 creating a further, enlarged image 8, and part of the light is reflected off the front of the foil 10 along light path 7.
  • This characteristic is unique because it creates a high quality image, but does not readily identify the source of any light used to create an effect on the foil 10, so there is the possibility to obscure the source and mystify the observers. It furthermore removes the disadvantage experienced with traditional screens that when the screen is not needed for viewing images, either it must be somehow moved or removed (for example a roller screen may be deployed), or it requires a lighting effect or holding image to be placed upon it in order to avoid having an obvious blank surface visible to an audience.
  • the foil 10 may be held at any angle between 0 and 90 degrees with respect to a mounting device which can be located on or near the ceiling of a studio, or preferably at 45 degrees to the mounting device in a frame with tensioning devices employed to smooth out the surface of the foil 10.
  • a 'Pepper's ghost' effect or illusion may be created, allowing a reflection of the light beams to appear behind the foil 10. This is further described below and shown in figure 3 .
  • Further effects may be created by the light being projected from different angles and being transmitted, reflected and refracted by the foil 10 or a coating applied on one or both sides of the foil 10 or by an active element held within the foil 10.
  • This may cause the creation of light beams of a colour other than the original source part of the beam due to a prismatic effect on the incident light, and the component wavelengths being separated out in the manner of white light hitting a prism in such a way as a rainbow may be observed in the light coming out of the prism.
  • This can also be created by distorting the foil 10 to cause the light beams to separate into beams of different colours.
  • the fire retardant nature of the material allows for the placement of the foil 10 in areas in which non fire retardant articles would pose a risk, and the extreme lightness allows for rigging in positions which may not be available had a frame or truss been required to deploy the foil 10.
  • FIG 2 shows a typical manufacturing process 100 of a polyester foil 10 on a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET) line 110.
  • the manufacturing process begins with a molten polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 120 being combined with a monomer 130 prior to the polymerization process 140.
  • the monomer 130 may be selected from one or more organic phosphorous compounds. It is the phosphorous containing monomer 130 which gives the foil 10 the fire retardant quality without degrading the optical characteristics of the foil 10.
  • By placing the monomer 130 in the polymerisation process 140 means that the foil 10 keeps the optical characteristics which are required when the foil 10 is used in the Pepper's ghost illusion or for creating any type of lighting effect.
  • the foil 10 is then extruded 150 onto a chill roll 160, which quenches it into a solid state. It is then biaxially oriented by drawing.
  • the most common way of doing this is the sequential process, in which the foil 10 is first drawn in the machine direction 170 using heated rollers and subsequently drawn in the transverse direction 180, i.e. orthogonally to the direction of travel, in a heated oven 190. It is also possible to draw the foil 10 in both directions simultaneously, although the equipment required for this is somewhat more elaborate. Draw ratios are typically around 3 to 4 in each direction.
  • the foil 10 is "heat set” or crystallized under tension in the oven at temperatures typically above 200 °C.
  • the heat setting step prevents the foil 10 from shrinking back to its original unstretched shape and locks in the molecular orientation in the foil 10 plane.
  • the orientation of the polymer chains is responsible for the high strength and stiffness of biaxially oriented PET film, which has a typical Young's modulus of about 4 GPa.
  • Another important consequence of the molecular orientation is that it induces the formation of many crystal nuclei. The crystallites that grow rapidly reach the boundary of the neighboring crystallite and remain smaller than the wavelength of visible light. As a result, biaxially oriented PET foil 10 has excellent clarity, despite its semicrystalline structure.
  • the surface of the foil 10 would be so smooth that layers would adhere strongly to one another when the foil 10 is wound or unwound, similar to the sticking of clean glass plates when stacked.
  • microscopic inert inorganic particles or an anti-stick filler are usually embedded or added to the PET to roughen the surface of the foil 10. This makes the foil 10 ideal for use in providing the Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • the foil 10 is wound up from the extrusion stretching ovens 190 onto steel master cores (not shown). These cores weigh between 2 to 3 tonnes and can be up to 10 meters long.
  • the foil 10 on the master cores which require mechanical lifting devices to handle is then unwound onto lighter transportation cores in foil lengths of between 10 to 40 meters.
  • These cores are typically a uniform diameter roll and are made from cardboard, but could also be made from carbon fibre or glass fibre composites.
  • the core with the foil 10 wound on weigh between 40 to 100 kg and with only 40 meters of foil 10 on the roll are easy to handle.
  • additives after the polymerization process to produce a partially reflective transparent foil 10 capable of creating a lighting effect when activated by an external source.
  • additives can include nano-particles, light sensitive materials, pigments or dyes.
  • another possible additive is a light sensitive dye which when activated by the external source to produce a lighting effect on an edge of the foil 10, produces an effect which resembles a Trade Mark or watermark. This means the manufacturer has a simple way of indentifying his product by including the companies Trade mark in the manufacturing process.
  • a lighting effect can simply be the transmission or reflection of an image as described above in relation to the Pepper's ghost illusion. Also as described above a lighting effect may be created by the light being projected from different angles and being transmitted, reflected and refracted by the foil 10 or a coating applied on one or both sides of the foil 10 or by an active element or additive held within the foil 10. This may cause the creation of light beams of a colour other than the original source part of the beam due to a prismatic effect on the incident light.
  • a different type of lighting effect may be created when the additive in the polymeric composite is a liquid crystal layer which when activated is capable of creating a lighting effect.
  • liquid crystals find wide use in liquid crystal displays, which rely on the optical properties of certain liquid crystalline substances in the presence or absence of an electric field.
  • a liquid crystal layer (typically 10 ⁇ m thick) sits between two polarisers that are crossed (oriented at 90° to one another). The liquid crystal alignment is chosen so that its relaxed phase is a twisted one (Twisted nematic field effect). This twisted phase reorients light that has passed through the first polarizer, allowing its transmission through the second polarizer (and reflected back to the observer if a reflector is provided).
  • the device thus appears transparent.
  • the long molecular axes tend to align parallel to the electric field thus gradually untwisting in the centre of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the LC molecules do not reorient light, so the light polarized at the first polarizer is absorbed at the second polarizer, and the device loses transparency with increasing voltage.
  • the electric field can be used to make a pixel switch between transparent or opaque on command.
  • Figure 3 shows the use of a foil 10 used to produce the Pepper's ghost illusion.
  • a studio 52 is located remotely from a stage or theatre 60.
  • the studio 52 comprises a stage area or platform or a riser forming a stage platform on which the subjects 40 or performers are placed for greater visibility.
  • a stage platform (riser) 47 approximately 1' high extends across the width of the studio 52 (generally 9' if arranged at one end of the trailer, or 20ft - 30 feet wide if arranged lengthways across the trailer).
  • steel deck stage or similar material gives the subject 40 a spatial boundary to work within and should match the dimensions of the show or theatre stage 60 or the camera 50 lens frame area, whichever is smaller.
  • the camera 50 lens frame limits should be explained to the filmed subject 40 and markers set for him to see, though not visible to the camera 50 lens.
  • the height of the studio 52 need not be the same as the show stage 60, the difference is an essential figure in calculating the height of the camera 50.
  • the stage platform also avoids having to set the camera 50 on the studio floor to achieve the correct height.
  • the studio 52 is used to produce video and audio performances wherein the studio 52 may allow a real time communication of a two-way interaction between two or more subjects 40 located remotely of one another.
  • the viewer or audience 38 In order for the Pepper's ghost illusion to work, the viewer or audience 38 must be able to see into the main room or theatre 60, but not into the hidden mirror room or studio 52.
  • the edge of the foil 10 may be hidden by a cleverly designed pattern in the floor. In this case the two rooms are located remotely from one another.
  • the studio 52 is located remotely from the theatre or stage 60.
  • Both rooms may be identical mirror-images; this approach is useful in making objects seem to appear or disappear, however it is not required that both rooms are identical if the room or studio 52 in which the subject 40 is completely black inside so as to not include anything other than the subject 40 in the captured image.
  • This effect can also be used to make an actor reflected in the foil 10 appear to turn into an actor behind the foil 10 (or vice versa). This is the principle behind the Girl-to-Gorilla trick found in many haunted houses.
  • the mirror room may instead be painted black (as in this case with the studio 52), with only light-coloured objects in it. When light from light sources 51 is cast on the objects 40, they reflect strongly in the foil 10, making them appear as ghostly images 40 superimposed in the visible room or theatre 60.
  • the lighting of the filming subject 40 may be of any type suitable for providing sufficient illumination for a high definition (HD) image capture.
  • a number of lighting assemblies 51 are located in the studio 52 suitable for presenting an environment of immersive ambience to the audience 38 in a viewing venue or theatre 60 thus producing a compelling mixture of colour and contrast on stage and correctly illuminated live talent on stage and audiences for sharp, realistic signal feeds and audience signal feeds.
  • a presenter or subject 40 resides behind an inclined, reflective and transparent foil 10 onto which an image of, for example, a motor vehicle 42 is projected.
  • the location of the subject or presenter 40 behind the projected image has a number of inherent advantages over systems where the presenter 40 stands in front of a screen, not least of which is that the presenter 40 does not obscure the projected image when walking across the projected image.
  • the use of an inclined foil 10 results in a viewer or audience 38 of the image perceiving the image as having depth rather than merely being a two dimensional image, for example where a motor vehicle 42 is seen to rotate upon a turntable.
  • the projection of an image upon a partially reflective foil 10 such that is observable by a viewer 38 positioned in front of the screen is known as the "Peppers ghost" illusion.
  • multi-layer films In general multi-layer films depend upon the number of extruders feeding a film line. Each extruder provides one layer. For example, in a BOPET line 110 three extruders are common, however in figure 2 only one extruder 150 is shown but there can be more.
  • the advantage of a BOPET line 110 for foil production is the line width and the enhanced mechanical properties of the foil 10.
  • Each of the extruders 150 may or may not contain a different polymer formulation. Where the formulation is similar the different extruders are used to increase the productivity of the line. Most of the foil 10 production is application driven requiring different formulations for each layer. The formulation for the different layers often contain pigments or dies to change the colour of the foil 10 or may contain further additives or fillers to change the properties of the final foil 10 product. Multi-layer foil 10 with different colours and different colour densities can be easily produced to create different lighting effects in addition to the flame retardant properties.
  • Coatings applied during foil production or applied after production can also be used to change the colour or transparency of the foil and again may assist in creating different lighting effects.
  • PET foils 10 are often metalized under vacuum conditions in special purpose machinery to provide high gas barrier levels. The same vacuum metalizing process is also used to achieve special optical properties and a metallic look for decorative applications. Again this technology would apply to the development of foils 10 for creating special lighting effects. Aluminium is the metal most commonly used but other metals can also be easily applied.
  • the foil 10 is wound up from the extrusion stretching oven 190 onto a steel master core.
  • an anti-stick filler is added to either the foil extrusion process or by adding anti-stick filler to the polymeric composite prior to the polymerisation process. Initially when a flame retardant was added to the foil 10 with the normal amounts of anti-stick filler the haze increased above the acceptable level of 2% thus the anti stick filler amount had to be reduced for the production of a foil 10 for use in creating lighting effects and in particular for producing the Pepper's ghost Illusion.
  • the length of foil 10 on each master core has been reduced to between 400 to 800 meters. Due to the size of the roll of foil 10 on the master core mechanical lifting devices are required in order to handle and manipulate the steel cores.
  • the foil 10 is then unwound from the steel master core onto lighter storage/transportation cores in lengths of between 5m to 100m and preferably in the range of 10m to 40m.
  • These transportation cores are typically made from cardboard and weigh between 40kg to 100 kg and with typically only 40 meters of foil 10 wound onto the transportation core they are easy to handle.
  • the transportation cores could also be made from carbon fibre or glass fibre composites.
  • the transportation cores range in diameter from 120mm to 350mm. The diameter of the transportation core and the wall sections of the core are related to minimise the deflection of the cores in the unwinding machinery and for transportation.
  • the foil 10 is rolled from the master core onto a transportation core under tension.
  • the tension on the foil is limited to producing an internal stress in the foil which is between 10% to 40% or preferably less than 15% of the foil's ultimate yield stress.
  • the core may be cylindrical or any other shape which allows the foil 10 to be safely stored.
  • a cardboard core with a smooth cylindrical surface may be used.
  • the storage onto the transportation cores introduces further problems.
  • the end of the foil 10 is glued to the core.
  • this glue is applied to the core in a line stretching across the core. This introduces a ridge into any foil 10 surface which is rolled onto the core. Due to the optical characteristics required for the foil (preferably haze of ⁇ 2%) the ridge of glue across the core is not an option.
  • a surface of the core is sprayed with glue or more preferably the whole of the cylindrical core has glue applied to the surface and the foil 10 is wound onto the core under tension. Due to the increase in surface area of the glue applied to the core, means that a significant ridge is not formed in the foil 10.
  • a significant ridge is one that is more than 50% the thickness of the foil 10, for a foil 10 which has a thickness which will vary from 24 to 120 microns. This ensures that any foil 10 rolled onto a core (other than the section which is glued) is substantially wrinkle free and the resultant foil 10 is able to be used for producing the Pepper's ghost Illusion.
  • the glue is sprayed onto a surface of the core such that the glue does not produce a significant ridge in the foil.
  • the foil 10 is glued to a core around which the foil 10 is rolled.
  • the foil 10 is attached to the core by placing glue onto substantially all of the surface of the core such that the glue does not produce a significant ridge in the rolled up foil 10. Therefore, the glue is placed on the surface of a roll to form a uniform layer of glue covering substantially all of the surface of a uniform diameter transportation core.
  • the foil 10 is rolled onto a transportation core and the roll of foil 10 is then stored or is ready for transportation.
  • the roll size is kept to a reasonable size to enable the roll to be easily moved and manipulated.
  • the amount of foil 10 rolled onto a roll is typically in the range of 5m to 100m and preferably in the range of 10m to 40m.
  • by reducing the size of the roll of foil 10 also enables the tension applied to the foil 10 to be reduced.
  • the tension on the foil is limited to producing an internal stress in the foil which is between 10% to 40% or preferably less than 15% of the foil's ultimate yield stress.
  • the reduced tension in conjunction with the glue being sprayed to a surface or the whole of the transportation core means that the first few metres of the foil 10 are not useable.
  • By also reducing the size of the actual amount of foil 10 rolled onto the cores also aids in reducing the effects mentioned above.
  • the remaining foil 10 rolled onto the core does not have the ridge indented into the surface of the foil 10 and therefore meets the optical requirements for producing a foil 10 for use in creating lighting effects and in particular for producing a foil 10 for use in the Pepper's ghost Illusion.
  • Another problem introduced by the rolling of the foil 10 onto cores is that adjacent foil surfaces can stick together when the foil 10 is wound or unwound from the core.
  • an anti stick filler is used. By adding anti-stick filler as part of the foil extrusion process or by adding anti-stick filler to the polymeric composite prior to the polymerisation process prevents adjacent foil surfaces from sticking to one another.
  • a typical filler used is calcium carbonate, however any known filler capable of being an anti-stick filler and still provide the required optical and mechanical properties may be used.
  • the length of the foil rolled onto the core is a predetermined length based on the amount of anti-stick filler in the foil.
  • the foil 10 is unrolled under tension.
  • the mechanical tension ensures that the foil 10 is as flat and wrinkle free as possible.
  • a light pattern is displayed using an amplified light source and projected via a bounce screen or reflected from an LED wall.
  • the amplified light source is used to show up any artifacts such as the 'moray' (rainbow of colours) of the projected image.
  • the pattern is a number of coloured bars which are transmitted through the foil 10.
  • the transmitted image is then checked for two components of the coloured bar image. Firstly the transmitted image is checked that a perfect rectangle is formed and secondly that the coloured bars line up vertically and horizontally. This optical test is used to identify surface defects and is a comparative test.
  • percentage haze can be measured by a method based on ASTM-D 1003-52. It is also possible to use a haze meter which is an instrument for measuring visibility or the transmission of light through a medium. For example, the percentage haze is measured using a specimen of foil 10 (under tension) which is placed in the path of a unidirectional light beam is directed onto the foil 10 specimen. After it enters an integrating sphere, a photo detector measures the total light transmitted by the foil 10 and the amount of transmitted light that is scattered more than 2.5°. Haze is the percentage of total transmitted light that is scattered by more than 2.5°.
  • the foil 10 is stored or transported on a transportation core. To produce a foil 10 capable of being used for a Pepper's ghost illusion the foil 10 must not be wrinkled or damaged while stored.
  • the roll of foil 10 consists of a roll of reflective and transparent foil 10.
  • the foil 10 being formed from a polymeric composite comprising a monomer and preferably an organic phosphorous compound flame retardant.
  • the foil 10 preferably does not contain an ultraviolet stabiliser and/or any white pigment.
  • the foil 10 is wound up from the extrusion stretching ovens 190 onto steel master cores. These cores weigh between 2 to 3 tonnes and can be up to 10 meters long. The foil 10 on the master cores which require mechanical lifting devices to handle is then unwound onto lighter transportation cores in foil lengths of between 10 to 40 meters.
  • the foil 10 is attached to the transportation core by spraying glue onto a surface of the core.
  • the glue must not produce a raised section in the rolled up foil. If there is a raised section this will be superimposed onto the rest of the wound up foil 10 and renders the foil un-useable for a Pepper's Ghost Illusion.
  • the amount of foil 10 wound onto the roll is reduced and subsequently the amount of tension applied to the foil 10 when rolled up onto the core is also reduced. This ensures that the foil 10 rolled onto the roll does not have any deformities or wrinkles or is substantially free of deformities and wrinkles.
  • an anti-stick filler is added as part of the foil extrusion process or the anti-stick filler is added to the polymeric composite prior to the polymerisation process. This prevents the foil 10 from sticking to the adjacent foil 10 surface and prevents any deformities forming in the foil 10. Also, the amount anti-stick filler which is used is important, especially when the foil 10 includes a fire retardant. When the fire retardant was added to the foil 10 and the anti-stick filler was added, this raised the percentage haze in the roll of foil 10 to an unacceptable level. In order to produce the Pepper's ghost Illusion a haze of ⁇ 2% is required. To ensure this figure is met the amount of anti-stick filler added to the foil 10 had to be reduced.
  • the roll of foil 10 requires testing to ensure that the roll of foil 10 meets the required optical qualities required for a foil for use in producing the Pepper's ghost Illusion.
  • the quality control testing of the roll of foil 10 is carried out by unrolling a section of foil 10 while under tension and transmitting a pattern through the foil in order to test the optical quality of the foil. The transmitted image determines the quality of the foil 10.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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EP20203263.7A 2008-12-24 2009-12-24 A method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper s ghost illusion Withdrawn EP3812126A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14081708P 2008-12-24 2008-12-24
GB0918115A GB0918115D0 (en) 2009-10-16 2009-10-16 A method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper's ghost illusion
PCT/GB2009/051774 WO2010073051A1 (en) 2008-12-24 2009-12-24 A method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper's ghost illusion
EP09799706.8A EP2382079B1 (en) 2008-12-24 2009-12-24 A method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper's ghost illusion
EP19170576.3 2019-04-23
EP19204831.2 2019-10-23
EP20170933.4 2020-04-22

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EP19204831.2 Division 2008-12-24 2019-10-23
EP20170933.4 Division 2008-12-24 2020-04-22

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US9563115B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2017-02-07 Musion Ip Limited Method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper's ghost illusion
US9459458B2 (en) 2012-02-21 2016-10-04 360Brandvision, Inc. Transparent sound dampening projection screen
US9211481B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2015-12-15 Nb Tech Inc. Visual display system and method of constructing a high-gain reflective beam-splitter
WO2016089901A1 (en) * 2014-12-01 2016-06-09 Musion Ip Limited A method of manufacturing foil for producing a pepper's ghost illusion
GB201801762D0 (en) * 2018-02-02 2018-03-21 Interesting Audio Visual Ltd Apparatus and method

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ES2732883T3 (es) 2019-11-26
GB0918115D0 (en) 2009-12-02
KR101800747B1 (ko) 2017-11-23
WO2010073051A1 (en) 2010-07-01
CN102333639B (zh) 2015-08-05
EA201170887A1 (ru) 2012-01-30
EA025441B1 (ru) 2016-12-30
EA034934B1 (ru) 2020-04-08
EP2382079B1 (en) 2019-04-24
CA2785261C (en) 2017-10-17
KR20120004396A (ko) 2012-01-12
US20120154753A1 (en) 2012-06-21
CA2785261A1 (en) 2010-07-01
AU2009332670A1 (en) 2011-07-21
EP2382079A1 (en) 2011-11-02
AU2009332670B2 (en) 2016-02-25
CN102333639A (zh) 2012-01-25
US8915595B2 (en) 2014-12-23

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