EP3800511B1 - Schwenkachse eines regulierorgans - Google Patents

Schwenkachse eines regulierorgans Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3800511B1
EP3800511B1 EP19201109.6A EP19201109A EP3800511B1 EP 3800511 B1 EP3800511 B1 EP 3800511B1 EP 19201109 A EP19201109 A EP 19201109A EP 3800511 B1 EP3800511 B1 EP 3800511B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
timepiece component
timepiece
weight
component according
chip removal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19201109.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3800511A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Charbon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
Original Assignee
Nivarox Far SA
Nivarox SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nivarox Far SA, Nivarox SA filed Critical Nivarox Far SA
Priority to EP19201109.6A priority Critical patent/EP3800511B1/de
Priority to US16/896,714 priority patent/US11573531B2/en
Priority to CN202010745450.9A priority patent/CN112596363B/zh
Priority to JP2020138404A priority patent/JP6963069B2/ja
Publication of EP3800511A1 publication Critical patent/EP3800511A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3800511B1 publication Critical patent/EP3800511B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/007—Antimagnetic alloys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
    • G04D3/0089—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for components of the regulating mechanism, e.g. coil springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/02—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports
    • G04D3/0227—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports for the manufacture of special components for clockworks
    • G04D3/0236—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports for the manufacture of special components for clockworks for gearwork components
    • G04D3/0254—Lathes, with one or more supports; Burnishing machines, with one or more supports for the manufacture of special components for clockworks for gearwork components for axles, sleeves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a part for a timepiece movement and in particular to a non-magnetic timepiece component for a mechanical timepiece movement and in particular to a non-magnetic balance shaft, anchor rod and escapement pinion.
  • a horological component comprising at least one part having the shape of a part of revolution, such as a horological pivot axis, consists, from a hardenable steel bar, in carrying out machining operations by chip removal, such as bar turning, to define different active surfaces (bearing, shoulder, pivots, etc.) then subjecting the machined watch component to heat treatment operations comprising at least one quench to improve the hardness of said component and one or more tempers to improve tenacity.
  • the heat treatment operations can be followed by a rolling operation of the pins of the pins, an operation consisting in polishing the pins to bring them to the required dimensions. During the rolling operation, the hardness and the roughness of the pivots are further improved. It will be noted that this rolling operation is very difficult or even impossible to perform with most materials whose hardness is low, that is to say less than 600HV.
  • Pivot axes for example balance axes, conventionally used in mechanical watch movements are made of free-cutting steel grades which are generally martensitic carbon steels including lead and manganese sulphides to improve their machinability.
  • a steel of this type designated 20AP is typically used for these applications.
  • This type of material has the advantage of being easily machinable, in particular of being suitable for bar turning and has, after quenching and tempering treatments, high mechanical properties which are very advantageous for the production of horological pivot axes.
  • These steels in particular have high wear resistance and hardness after heat treatment.
  • the hardness of the pivots of an axle made of 20AP steel can reach a hardness exceeding 700HV after heat treatment and rolling.
  • this type of material has the disadvantage of being magnetic and of being able to disturb the rate of a watch after having been subjected to a magnetic field, and this in particular when this material is used for the production of a balance shaft cooperating with a spiral balance in ferromagnetic material. This phenomenon is well known to those skilled in the art. It will also be noted that these martensitic steels are also sensitive to corrosion.
  • austenitic stainless steels which have the particularity of being non-magnetic, that is to say of the paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic type.
  • these austenitic steels have a crystallographic structure that does not allow them to be quenched and to achieve hardnesses and therefore wear resistances compatible with the requirements required for the production of horological pivot axes.
  • One way to increase the hardness of these steels is hardening, however this hardening operation does not make it possible to obtain hardnesses greater than 500HV. Consequently, in the context of parts requiring high resistance to wear by friction and having to have pivots presenting little or no risk of deformation, the use of this type of steel remains limited.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a watchmaking component, in particular a watchmaking pivot axis and more particularly a pivoting axis of a regulating member of a watch movement allowing both to limit sensitivity to magnetic fields and to obtain an improved hardness compatible with the wear and shock resistance requirements in the watchmaking field.
  • the invention also aims to provide a non-magnetic timepiece component having improved corrosion resistance.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a non-magnetic timepiece component which can be manufactured in a simple and economical manner.
  • Such a horological component makes it possible to combine advantages such as low sensitivity to magnetic fields, as well as hardness and good resistance to corrosion while retaining good general toughness. Furthermore, the use of a non-magnetic alloy as defined above is advantageous insofar as the latter has good machinability. Furthermore, thanks to the selected proportion of rhenium, ruthenium, gold and/or platinum, the component is given self-lubricating properties which are particularly advantageous for the production of watch spindles. Indeed, the sum of these elements greater than or equal to 15% by weight makes it possible to improve the resistance to oxidation, which results in better resistance to wear of the part of the component in friction against another component and this particularly dry. In particular, a better resistance to wear of the pivots of the watch shaft is observed in friction against typically the ruby in a bearing.
  • the alloy of the invention consists by weight of 35% palladium, 30% silver, 14% copper, 10% gold, 10% platinum and 1% zinc. .
  • At least the part machined by chip removal is heat-treated by a treatment of the precipitation type, that is to say a treatment allowing the controlled release of constituents to form aggregates of precipitates (hardening structural), such a treatment makes it possible to achieve hardnesses of the order of 290 HV.
  • At least the part machined by chip removal undergoes a mechanical hardening treatment followed by a structural hardening heat treatment, such a treatment makes it possible to achieve hardnesses of the order of 370 HV.
  • At least the part machined by chip removal comprises a hardening layer deposited on an external surface of said part.
  • the method of the invention may alternatively comprise a step e) of depositing a hardening layer at least on an outer surface of said part machined by chip removal. of shavings.
  • the method of the invention may comprise a step of structural hardening treatment of the machinable element by removing chips, typically an element in the form of a bar, or a structural hardening treatment of the watch component from machining.
  • the method of the invention may comprise a step of mechanical treatment of work hardening of the machinable element by removal of chips, typically an element in the form of a bar, followed by a step of structural hardening of this element. material or a structural hardening treatment of the watch component resulting from the machining of the work-hardened machinable element.
  • non-magnetic alloy means a paramagnetic or diamagnetic or antiferromagnetic alloy, the magnetic permeability of which is less than or equal to 1.01.
  • machining by chip removal designates any shaping operation by removal of material intended to give a part dimensions and a surface finish within a given tolerance range. Such operations are, for example, bar turning, milling or any other technique known to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention relates to a part for a clock movement and in particular to a non-magnetic clock component, such as a pivot pin, for a mechanical clock movement.
  • horological pivot axes can be envisaged, such as for example horological mobile axes, typically escapement pinions, or again anchor rods.
  • the Parts of this type have, at the level of the body, diameters less than preferably 2 mm, and pivots with a diameter less than 0.2 mm, with an accuracy of a few microns.
  • Other horological components that can be envisaged are also screws, winding stems, studs, etc., and may have dimensions similar to those indicated above for the axles.
  • a balance shaft 1 which comprises a plurality of sections 2 of different diameters, preferably formed by bar turning or any other machining technique by chip removal, and conventionally defining bearing surfaces 2a and shoulders 2b arranged between two end portions defining two pivots 3. These pivots are each intended to pivot in a bearing, typically in an orifice of a stone or ruby.
  • the method may further comprise, after the machining step b), a step c) of surface finishing treatment such as rolling and/or polishing.
  • the method may also include a step d) of heat treatment, typically structural hardening, aimed at increasing the hardness of the alloy to a hardness of between 350 and 550 HV1.
  • This heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of between 350 and 450° C. for a time of between 30 minutes and 3 hours, more particularly between 30 minutes and 1 hour 30 minutes.
  • step d) can be carried out before step b) (directly on the element that can be machined by removing chips from the non-magnetic alloy of the invention, typically in the form of a bar) if the machining requires high hardness. However, it is preferably carried out after the machining of step b) and before step c).
  • step d) can be preceded by a mechanical work hardening treatment of the machinable element by removing chips of the non-magnetic alloy of the invention, typically in the form of a bar.
  • the method may further comprise a step e) of depositing a hardening layer 5 at least on an outer surface of said part 3 machined by chip removal in step b) and this before or after step c ) and after step d) if necessary.
  • the hardening layer is made of a material chosen from the group comprising Ni and NiP.
  • the phosphorus content can be between 0 (pure Ni then) and 15% by weight. Preferably, the phosphorus content is either average and between 6 and 9% by weight, or high and between 9 and 12% by weight.
  • the deposition of the hardening layer can be carried out by PVD, CVD, ALD, galvanic and chemical, and preferably chemical, deposition.
  • layer 5 has a thickness of between 0.5 and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 5 ⁇ m and more preferably between 1 and 2 ⁇ m. This hardening layer makes it possible to obtain excellent resistance to shocks in the main stress zones.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Uhrmacherkomponente für ein Uhrwerk, und insbesondere Schwenkachse eines Regulierorgans eines mechanischen Uhrwerks, welche aus einer Legierung gefertigt ist, die in Gewicht Folgendes umfasst:
    - zwischen 25 % und 55 % an Palladium,
    - zwischen 25 % und 55 % an Silber,
    - zwischen 10 % und 30 % an Kupfer,
    - zwischen 0,5 % und 5 % an Zink,
    Gold und Platin mit einem Gesamtprozentsatz dieser beiden Elemente, der zwischen 5 % und 25 % liegt,
    - zwischen 0 % und 1 % eines oder mehrerer Elemente, die aus Bor und Nickel ausgewählt sind,
    - zwischen 0 % und 3 % eines oder mehrerer Elemente, die aus Rhenium und Ruthenium ausgewählt sind
    - höchstens 0,1 % eines oder mehrerer Elemente, die aus Iridium, Osmium und Rhodium ausgewählt sind, und
    - höchstens 0,2 % anderer Verunreinigungen, wobei die jeweiligen Mengen der Komponenten derart sind, dass sie miteinander addiert 100 % erreichen.
  2. Uhrmacherkomponente nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung in Gewicht zwischen 30 % und 40 % an Palladium umfasst.
  3. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung in Gewicht zwischen 25 % und 35 % an Silber umfasst.
  4. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung in Gewicht zwischen 10 % und 18 % an Kupfer umfasst.
  5. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung in Gewicht zwischen 0,5 % und 1,5 % an Zink umfasst.
  6. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung in Gewicht Gold und Platin mit einem Gesamtprozentsatz dieser beiden Elemente umfasst, der zwischen 16 % und 24 % liegt.
  7. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung in Gewicht zwischen 8 und 12% an Gold und 8 und 12% an Platin mit einem Gesamtanteil an Rhenium und Ruthenium umfasst, der zwischen 0 und 6 Gew.-% liegt.
  8. Uhrmacherkomponente nach Anspruch 1, die aus einer Legierung gefertigt ist, die in Gewicht Folgendes umfasst:
    - zwischen 34 % und 36 % an Palladium,
    - zwischen 29 % und 31 % an Silber,
    - zwischen 13,5 % und 14,5 % an Kupfer,
    - zwischen 0,8 % und 1,2 % an Zink,
    - zwischen 9,5 % und 10,5 % an Gold
    - zwischen 9,5 % und 10,5 % an Platin,
    - höchstens 0,1 % eines oder mehrerer Elemente, die aus Iridium, Osmium, Rhodium und Ruthenium ausgewählt sind, und
    - höchstens 0,2 % anderer Verunreinigungen, wobei die jeweiligen Mengen der Komponenten derart sind, dass sie miteinander addiert 100 % erreichen.
  9. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens einen durch Zerspanen bearbeiteten Teil (3) umfasst, wobei der Teil (3) auf seiner Außenoberfläche eine Härtungsschicht (5) umfasst.
  10. Uhrmacherkomponente nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härtungsschicht (5) aus einem Werkstoff gefertigt ist, der aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die Ni und NiP umfasst.
  11. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Achse eine Unruhachse (1), eine Ankerachse oder eine Hemmungsdrehteilachse ist.
  12. Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Legierung eine Vickers-Härte von 350 HV bis 550 HV aufweist.
  13. Mechanisches Uhrwerk für ein Uhrmachereistück, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Uhrmacherkomponente nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
  14. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Uhrmacherkomponente für ein Uhrwerk, und insbesondere einer Schwenkachse eines Regulierungsorgans eines mechanischen Uhrwerks, die mindestens einen durch Zerspanen bearbeiteten Teil umfasst, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte beinhaltet:
    a) Bereitstellen eines durch Zerspanen bearbeitbaren Elements, wobei das Element aus einer antimagnetischen Legierung gefertigt ist, die in Gewicht Folgendes umfasst: zwischen 25 % und 55 % an Palladium, zwischen 25 % und 55 % an Silber, zwischen 10 % und 30 % an Kupfer, zwischen 0,5 % und 5 % an Zink, Gold und Platin mit einem Gesamtprozentsatz dieser beiden Elemente, der zwischen 15 % und 25 % liegt, zwischen 0 % und 1 % eines oder mehrerer Elemente, ausgewählt aus Bor und Nickel, zwischen 0 % und 3 % eines oder mehrerer Elemente, ausgewählt aus Rhenium und Ruthenium, höchstens 0,1 % eines oder mehrerer Elemente, ausgewählt aus Iridium, Osmium und Rhodium, und höchstens 0,2 % anderer Verunreinigungen, wobei die jeweiligen Mengen der Komponenten derart sind, dass sie miteinander addiert 100 % erreichen
    b) Bearbeiten durch Zerspanen der Uhrmacherkomponente, um mindestens den Teil der Uhrmacherkomponente, der durch Zerspanen bearbeitet, und aus der antimagnetischen Legierung gefertigt wird, zu bilden.
  15. Verfahren zur Herstellung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es weiter einen Schritt d) einer Wärmebehandlung zum Härten umfasst.
  16. Verfahren zur Herstellung nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt d) einer Wärmebehandlung zum Härten bei einer Temperatur, die zwischen 350 °C bis 450 °C liegt, eine Zeit lang durchgeführt wird, die zwischen 30 Minuten und 3 Stunden, genauer zwischen 30 Minuten und 1 Stunde 30 liegt.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Schritt e) des Abscheidens einer Härtungsschicht (5) mindestens auf einer Außenoberfläche des durch Zerspanen bearbeiteten Teils (3) umfasst.
  18. Verfahren nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Härtungsschicht (5) aus einem Werkstoff gefertigt ist, der aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die Ni und NiP umfasst.
  19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Schritt c) des Rollierens und/oder Polierens auf dem durch Zerspanen bearbeiteten Teil (3) nach dem Schritt b), nach dem Schritt d) oder nach dem Schritt e) beinhaltet.
EP19201109.6A 2019-10-02 2019-10-02 Schwenkachse eines regulierorgans Active EP3800511B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19201109.6A EP3800511B1 (de) 2019-10-02 2019-10-02 Schwenkachse eines regulierorgans
US16/896,714 US11573531B2 (en) 2019-10-02 2020-06-09 Pivot arbor of a regulating member
CN202010745450.9A CN112596363B (zh) 2019-10-02 2020-07-29 调节件的枢转心轴
JP2020138404A JP6963069B2 (ja) 2019-10-02 2020-08-19 規制部材の枢軸アーバ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19201109.6A EP3800511B1 (de) 2019-10-02 2019-10-02 Schwenkachse eines regulierorgans

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3800511A1 EP3800511A1 (de) 2021-04-07
EP3800511B1 true EP3800511B1 (de) 2022-05-18

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EP (1) EP3800511B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6963069B2 (de)
CN (1) CN112596363B (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP6963069B2 (ja) 2021-11-05
CN112596363B (zh) 2021-11-23
JP2021060389A (ja) 2021-04-15
US11573531B2 (en) 2023-02-07
EP3800511A1 (de) 2021-04-07
CN112596363A (zh) 2021-04-02
US20210103250A1 (en) 2021-04-08

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