EP3781319B1 - Outil de percussion et rotor équipé de celui-ci destiné à une machine pour fragmenter des objets métalliques ou des matériaux pierreux - Google Patents

Outil de percussion et rotor équipé de celui-ci destiné à une machine pour fragmenter des objets métalliques ou des matériaux pierreux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3781319B1
EP3781319B1 EP18718807.3A EP18718807A EP3781319B1 EP 3781319 B1 EP3781319 B1 EP 3781319B1 EP 18718807 A EP18718807 A EP 18718807A EP 3781319 B1 EP3781319 B1 EP 3781319B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circumferential surface
inner circumferential
striking tool
recess
bearing opening
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP18718807.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3781319A1 (fr
Inventor
Bruno Mayer
Stephan O. Mayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stahlwerke Bochum AG
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Stahlwerke Bochum AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3781319A1 publication Critical patent/EP3781319A1/fr
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Publication of EP3781319B1 publication Critical patent/EP3781319B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impact tool for the comminution of metal objects or rock materials.
  • Impact tools of this type are also referred to as "impact hammers” and are used in machines for comminuting scrap metal, such as vehicle bodies intended for scrapping, or demolition or construction debris.
  • the striking tools which are usually cast in one piece from an iron-based material or alternatively produced by forging or flame cutting a correspondingly shaped pre-product or as a welded construction, comprise a bearing section into which a bearing opening with an inner circumferential surface surrounding the bearing opening is formed, as well as a striking section that is in use is exposed to impact loads from contact with the material to be shredded.
  • a metallic axle is pushed through the bearing opening, on which the striking tool is then pivoted so that there is metallic frictional contact between the outer circumferential surface of the axle and the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening of the striking tool.
  • FIG EP 1 047 499 B1 An example of a rotor for a shredding machine that can be equipped with impact tools of the type considered here is shown in FIG EP 1 047 499 B1 shown.
  • Such rotors rotating around an axis of rotation in use have several axles distributed at equal angular intervals around the axis of rotation, axially parallel to the axis of rotation, on which a larger number of hammer hammers are freely oscillating at a distance from one another.
  • the rotor In its circumferential areas between the hammers, the rotor is usually covered with so-called “protective caps” which, like the hammers, are usually made of highly wear-resistant steel, mainly by casting, but alternatively also by forging, flame cutting or welded construction.
  • the protective caps arranged next to the percussion hammers are mounted at a distance from the respective percussion hammer so that, on the one hand, the percussion hammer can freely perform its pendulum movement, but on the other hand, the gap that must be present between the respective protective cap and the associated percussion hammer in order to allow its pendulum movement allow, is as narrow as possible, in order to prevent metal or stone parts from penetrating the gap in question and the hammer from being blocked by material sitting in the gap during operation.
  • This wear phenomenon can go so far that the gap between the striking tool and the protective caps positioned laterally next to it is closed by material pushed out of the bearing eye and the pendulum movement of the striking tool is blocked. Even if this does not occur, the lateral material displacement that occurs in practical use leads to increased wear of the axis on which the striking tools are mounted, as well as in the area of the transitions between the bearing opening and the respective end face of the striking tool or on the associated side surfaces of the adjacent protective caps against which the material displaced from the bearing opening rubs.
  • the object was thus to create a striking tool in which the risk of excessive wear in the area of its bearing opening is minimized by simple means, even under high loads.
  • the invention has achieved this object in that such a striking tool is designed according to claim 1.
  • a rotor for a machine for crushing metal or rock materials, in particular scrap, such as automobile bodies to be scrapped, or residual rock masses from building construction or demolition, is accordingly equipped with an impact tool according to the invention.
  • An impact tool according to the invention for the comminution of metal objects or rock materials is accordingly made from an iron-based material in accordance with the prior art explained at the beginning and comprises a bearing section in which a bearing opening provided for freely oscillating storage of the impact tool on a metallic axis with a bearing opening surrounding inner circumferential surface is formed, with metallic frictional contact between the outer circumferential surface of the axle and the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening of the impact tool, as well as an impact section which is exposed to an impacting load during use due to contact with the material to be comminuted.
  • a recess is formed in at least one section of the inner circumferential surface of the bearing eye, which is provided for receiving metallic material of the striking tool laterally adjoining the recess and displaced during use.
  • the at least one indentation which according to the invention is molded into the inner circumferential surface surrounding the bearing opening, provides space in the area of the inner circumferential surface itself, into which the material of the hammer, which evades as a result of the compressive forces acting on the inner circumferential surface in practical use, can escape. In this way On the one hand, this prevents material which surrounds the bearing opening from being pushed laterally out of the bearing opening and leading to a thickening of the hammer and consequently to a narrowing of the movement gap between the relevant face of the hammer and the associated side of the adjacent protective cap.
  • the compressive stresses are limited in the area of the inner circumferential surface of the striking tool delimiting the bearing opening, so that the material displacement is reduced and the risk of cracking or other damage, such as pieces of material breaking out and the like, is reduced.
  • the indentation runs spirally around the bearing opening and / or completely delimits at least one circumferential area of the inner circumferential surface in the longitudinal and circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface and / or two or more indentations are distributed in the inner circumferential surface of the bearing eye in the longitudinal direction of the bearing opening.
  • the design of the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening according to the invention it is thus possible to effectively extend the service life of an impact tool for the comminution of materials which is exposed to the highest loads in practical use. Due to the structuring of the inner circumferential surface brought about by means of the indentation provided according to the invention, the geometry of the bearing opening is stabilized over the service life of the striking tool. Rolling out of the material is largely avoided and the surface tensions are reduced, with the result that factors that initiate cracks and possibly lead to damage to the striking tools are minimized.
  • the indentation provided according to the invention can be introduced into the inner circumferential surface in a particularly simple manner in terms of production technology.
  • the depression can already be introduced into the inner circumferential surface during the casting of the striking tool by means of a suitably shaped casting core that depicts the bearing eye.
  • it can also be produced by other manufacturing processes, such as, for example, by electroerosion or mechanical, in particular machining, processing.
  • an impact tool according to the invention oscillates around the axis on which it is mounted, in each case only over a swivel range that is smaller than 360 °.
  • the indentation provided according to the invention is limited to the area of the inner circumferential surface in which high compressive stresses occur as a result of the centrifugal forces acting on the impact tool in use.
  • This allows the less stressed area of the bearing opening to be designed in a different way, for example in the form of an enlargement of the bearing opening extending in the direction of the striking section, so that the bearing section of the striking tool is given expansion properties not only because of its material properties, but also because of its shape that protects it from the appearance of cracks and breaks.
  • the shape and the course of the indentation provided according to the invention are to be designed in such a way that the material displaced laterally in the area of the inner circumferential surface of the bearing eye during use is taken up as completely as possible by the indentations.
  • the depression can be designed, for example, in the form of an annular groove encircling the longitudinal axis of the bearing opening.
  • the depression can each have the shape of a groove, whereby it goes without saying that regardless of which shape is provided for the depression, the transitions, corners and edges of the depression are each designed, in particular rounded, that the danger from there otherwise occurring notch effect is avoided.
  • two or more depressions can be molded into the inner circumferential surface of the bearing eye in a distributed manner in the longitudinal direction of the bearing opening.
  • a depression that structures the inner circumferential surface in such a way that a circumferential surface area of limited extent is present between two adjacent sections of the depression is a depression that is formed into the inner circumferential surface in a spiral shape around the bearing opening.
  • the indentation in the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening can also form a structure in which at least one circumferential surface area of the inner circumferential surface is completely delimited by the indentation in the longitudinal and circumferential directions of the inner circumferential surface.
  • the depression can be designed in such a way that the peripheral surface area delimited by the depression is elliptical, circular, square or diamond-shaped.
  • the indentation can be shaped in such a way that two or more circumferential areas of the inner circumferential surface are separated from one another.
  • Such a structure can also be formed by a plurality of groove-shaped depressions that cross one another and have different depths or widths.
  • the shape and extent of the indentation provided according to the invention on the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening of the striking tool according to the invention are to be selected so that they can accommodate as completely as possible the material that is potentially displaced during use and delimiting the bearing eye.
  • the depth of the recess measured in the radial direction starting from the inner circumferential surface is undertaken taking into account the hardness that is present in a layer near the surface, adjacent to the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening when the impact tool is used, or is there in Ceases in the course of use. In this way, the influence of the properties of the material from which an impact tool according to the invention is made and the heat treatment that the impact tool undergoes in the course of its manufacture can be taken into account in order to optimally adapt its mechanical properties to the loads occurring during use.
  • An impact tool according to the invention can consist of a cast steel material in which, as a result of near-surface cold deformation, as occurs when using an impact tool according to the invention in the contact area between the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening and the outer circumferential surface of the axis on which the impact tool oscillates, solidification and thus a solidification accompanying increase in hardness. It can also result in a Heat treatment to which the impact tool is subjected during its manufacture in order to set a maximum hardness in the area of its impact section and an optimized toughness in the area of its bearing section, resulting in decarburization and an associated decrease in hardness in a surface layer adjacent to the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening.
  • the depth of the indentation measured in the radial direction from the inner circumferential surface into the material of the striking tool is at least equal to the thickness of a surface layer adjoining the inner circumferential surface, the hardness of which is lower than the hardness of one of the surface layer adjoining core layer of the striking tool, which is delimited by the surface layer opposite the bearing opening.
  • depressions that are 2 - 30 mm deep, for example, are suitable.
  • the recess should occupy a maximum of 50% of the inner circumferential surface of the bearing opening, the recess advantageously extending over at least 25%, in particular over at least 30% or at least one third the inner circumferential surface should extend in order to provide a sufficiently large receiving space for the displaced material of the impact tool in use.
  • the "inner circumferential surface" which is not provided with a depression is used as a reference value for the percentage specification.
  • this is equal to a hollow cylinder surface, the diameter of which is equal to the inside width of the bearing opening.
  • the depressions can be arranged at an angle of 10 ° - 80 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bearing opening (when projecting into a plane of the drawing).
  • Typical steel materials from which impact tools designed according to the invention are made are martensitically solidifying heat-treatable steels with carbon contents of 0.1-0.70% by weight that are already used for this purpose.
  • Impact tools according to the invention can also be produced from austenitically solidifying steels with a manganese content of 7-30% by weight.
  • These types of steel known under the name “Hadfield steels”, have also proven themselves in practice for many years in the manufacture of striking tools of the type in question.
  • An example of such a Hadfield steel is the steel commercially available under the standard designation X120Mn12 and material number 1.3401. Hadfield steels show good wear resistance, especially when subjected to impact loads, due to their high work hardening ability.
  • striking tools according to the invention can be cast from cast iron materials known for this purpose, for example from so-called “white cast iron”, which has a chromium content of up to 29% by weight.
  • impact tools according to the invention from steel or cast iron materials
  • the striking tool 1 serves as a hammer when crushing metal scrap, such as vehicle bodies, mineral raw materials or mineral waste, such as building rubble, overburden or the like.
  • the striking tool is mounted on a conventional rotor, not shown here, in a pendulum manner on an axis of the rotor, also not shown here.
  • This way of oscillating mounting of a striking tool which belongs to the same type as a striking tool according to the invention, is for example in the EP 1 047 499 B1 described.
  • the striking tool 1 which is conventionally cast in one piece, for example from Hadfield steel, has a striking section 2 which is hardened by a suitable heat treatment in a manner also known per se, which in practical use comes into contact with the material to be crushed and thereby is exposed to extreme impact loads, and a bearing section 3, which is also thermally treated in a known manner so that it has sufficient toughness and elongation properties through which it is able to absorb the dynamic loads acting on the impact tool 1 during use.
  • a centrally arranged bearing opening 4 is formed in the bearing section 3 and extends between the end faces 5, 6 of the striking tool 1 over the width B thereof.
  • the central longitudinal axis L of the bearing opening 4 defines the pendulum axis about which the impact tool 1 oscillates around the axis of the rotor, which is usually also made of a steel material.
  • the shape of the inner circumferential surface 7 corresponds to the shape of a hollow cylinder surface, the diameter of which is equal to the clear width dW of the bearing opening 4.
  • the shown embodiment of the striking tool 1 are formed in the inner circumferential surface 7 at regular intervals over the width B of the striking tool 1, each formed in the manner of a groove-shaped annular groove and encircling the central longitudinal axis L of the bearing opening 4, depressions 8a-8d.
  • the indentations 8a-8d separate the annular sections of the inner circumferential surface between the indentations 8a-8d.
  • the depth T measured in the radial direction R and the clear width W measured at the boundary to the inner circumferential surface 7 of the inner circumferential opening surface of the depressions 8a - 8d are dimensioned, taking into account the groove shape of the depressions 8a - 8d, so that on the one hand in the area of the depressions 8a - 8d there is sufficient space for receiving material which, during use, is displaced from the sections of the material of the striking tool 1 which border the bearing opening 4 and which are laterally adjacent to the depressions 8a-8d.
  • the clear width W of the depressions 8a - 8d is dimensioned such that the inner circumferential openings of the depressions 8a - 8d, for example, take up about 40% of the total inner circumferential surface 7, i.e. the inner circumferential surface of a hollow cylinder, the diameter of which corresponds to the clear width dW of the bearing opening 4.
  • the inner circumferential surface 7 is also profiled by groove-like depressions 8h-8l, which in the projection into the plane of the drawing have isosceles converging in a V-shape and angled by 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
  • the depressions 8m and 8n form a coherent pattern-like structure in which the diamond-shaped ( Fig. 5 ) or circular ( Fig. 6 ) Shaped circumferential surface sections 9a - 9c; 10a - 10c are delimited on all sides in the longitudinal and circumferential directions by the respective indentation 8m, 8n, so that adjacent circumferential surface sections 9a - 9c; 10a - 10c are separated from one another by a section of the respective indentation 8m, 8n are.
  • Such a structuring of the inner circumferential surface 7 by the depressions 8m, 8n has the advantage that material expansions in the circumferential and longitudinal direction of the bearing opening 4 can be safely absorbed by the depressions 8m, 8n.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Outil à impact pour écraser des objets métalliques ou des matériaux rocheux, réalisé à partir d'un matériau à base de fer et comprenant
    - une partie de support (3), dans laquelle partie une ouverture de support (4) pour supporter de manière librement oscillante l'outil à impact (1) sur un arbre métallique est formée avec une surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) périphérique à l'ouverture de support (4),
    - où, en utilisation, il y a un contact de frottement métallique entre la surface circonférentielle extérieure de l'arbre et la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) de l'ouverture de support (4) de l'outil à impact (1), et
    - une partie d'impact (2) qui, en utilisation, est soumise à une charge d'impact par contact avec le matériau à écraser,
    caractérisé
    - en ce qu'au moins une dépression (8a - 8n) est formée dans une section de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) de l'ouverture de support (4), laquelle dépression (8a - 8n) est prévue pour recevoir un matériau métallique de l'outil à percussion (1), lequel matériau métallique est latéralement adjacent à la dépression (8a - 8n) et est déplacé lors de l'utilisation,
    - où la dépression (8e - 8g) s'étend en spirale autour de l'ouverture de support (4) et/ou
    - où la dépression (8m, 8n) entoure complètement au moins une région de surface circonférentielle (9a, 9b) ; 10a, 10b) de la surface circonférentielle interne (7) dans la direction longitudinale (LR) et circonférentielle (UR) de la surface circonférentielle interne (7)
    et/ou
    - où deux ou plusieurs dépressions (8a - 8k) sont formées, réparties dans la direction longitudinale (LR) de l'ouverture de support (4), dans la surface circonférentielle interne (7) de l'œil de support
  2. Outil à impact selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la dépression (8a - 8n) est prévue au moins dans une partie de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) de l'ouverture de support (4) qui est soumise à une pression pendant l'utilisation.
  3. Outil à impact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une structure de surface est formée par l'indentation (8a - 8n) dans la partie de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) de l'ouverture de support (4) munie de l'indentation (8a - 8n), dans laquelle structure de surface au moins une zone de surface circonférentielle de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) est séparée par l'indentation d'une zone de surface périphérique adjacente de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7).
  4. Outil à impact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'indentation (8a - 8g) entoure l'ouverture de support (4).
  5. Outil à impact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'indentation (8a - 8k) est formée à la manière d'une rainure.
  6. Outil à impact selon les revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que l'indentation (8a - 8d) entoure l'ouverture de support (4) à la manière d'une rainure annulaire.
  7. Outil à impact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface circonférentielle (9a, 9b ; 10a, 10b) délimitée par l'indentation (8n, 8m) est de forme elliptique, circulaire, carrée ou en losange.
  8. Outil à impact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur (T) de l'indentation (8a - 8n) mesurée dans la direction radiale (R) à partir de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) vers le matériau de l'outil à percussion (1) est au moins égale à l'épaisseur d'une couche de surface adjacente à la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7), dont la dureté est inférieure à la dureté d'une couche centrale de l'outil à impact (1) adjacente à la couche de surface et délimitée de la couche de surface par rapport à l'ouverture de support (4).
  9. Outil à impact selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur (T) de l'indentation est de 2 à 30 mm.
  10. Outil à impact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'indentation occupe 25 à 50 % de la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) de l'ouverture de support (4).
  11. Outil à impact selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un matériau en fer ou en acier moulé.
  12. Rotor pour une machine de broyage d'objets métalliques ou de matériaux rocheux, comprenant au moins un axe métallique sur lequel est monté, précédentes avec son ouverture de support (4), au moins un outil de percussion (1) conçu selon l'une des revendications, où un contact de frottement métallique existe entre la surface circonférentielle extérieure de l'axe et la surface circonférentielle intérieure (7) de l'ouverture de support (4) de l'outil à impact (1).
EP18718807.3A 2018-04-18 2018-04-18 Outil de percussion et rotor équipé de celui-ci destiné à une machine pour fragmenter des objets métalliques ou des matériaux pierreux Active EP3781319B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2018/059909 WO2019201436A1 (fr) 2018-04-18 2018-04-18 Outil de percussion et rotor équipé de celui-ci destiné à une machine pour fragmenter des objets métalliques ou des matériaux pierreux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3781319A1 EP3781319A1 (fr) 2021-02-24
EP3781319B1 true EP3781319B1 (fr) 2021-12-15

Family

ID=62025855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18718807.3A Active EP3781319B1 (fr) 2018-04-18 2018-04-18 Outil de percussion et rotor équipé de celui-ci destiné à une machine pour fragmenter des objets métalliques ou des matériaux pierreux

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11517909B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3781319B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3097012C (fr)
ES (1) ES2906300T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019201436A1 (fr)

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US2982486A (en) * 1959-04-20 1961-05-02 Esco Corp Hammer for impact crushers
US3738586A (en) * 1971-07-14 1973-06-12 Abex Corp An improved hammer for hammer mills
US4046327A (en) * 1976-03-19 1977-09-06 Esco Corporation Releasable lock
US4142687A (en) * 1977-12-14 1979-03-06 The Heil Co. Adjustable arm for shredder hammer
US4310125A (en) * 1979-10-15 1982-01-12 Abex Corporation Hammer for hammer mill
DE4330962C2 (de) * 1993-09-09 1998-08-27 Sivyer Steel Corp Hammermühle
CZ2795U1 (cs) 1994-09-08 1994-12-22 Žďas, A.S. Kladivo drtič
DE19528512C2 (de) 1995-08-03 2001-02-22 Swb Stahlformgusgmbh Verschleißteile und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE19756275C1 (de) 1997-12-18 1999-06-02 Svedala Lindemann Gmbh Rotor für eine Zerkleinerungsmaschine
DE10215833B4 (de) * 2002-04-10 2006-04-20 Betek Bergbau- Und Hartmetalltechnik Karl-Heinz Simon Gmbh & Co. Kg Schneidkörper mit einem Schlegel
US7819352B2 (en) * 2004-08-11 2010-10-26 Genesis Iii, Inc. Hammer
US7140569B2 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-11-28 Young Roger T Forged hammermill hammer
US7419109B1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-09-02 Jacobs Corporation Apparatus for attaching hammers to a hammer mill
US7757979B2 (en) * 2008-04-04 2010-07-20 Riverside Products, Inc. Hammermill hammer with pin-hole insert
US8104177B2 (en) * 2008-06-26 2012-01-31 Jacobs Corporation Hammer mill hammer
US9855560B2 (en) * 2012-05-18 2018-01-02 Esco Corporation Hammer for shredding machines
US10413908B2 (en) * 2016-04-07 2019-09-17 Jacobs Corporation Hammer mill hammer with non-circular rod hole in inner bearing race
US20170368552A1 (en) * 2016-06-27 2017-12-28 Jacobs Corporation Spherical Joint for Hammer Mills

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20210205818A1 (en) 2021-07-08
EP3781319A1 (fr) 2021-02-24
US11517909B2 (en) 2022-12-06
CA3097012A1 (fr) 2019-10-24
ES2906300T3 (es) 2022-04-18
CA3097012C (fr) 2021-08-03
WO2019201436A1 (fr) 2019-10-24

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