EP3723991B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'un composant comprenant au moins deux couches de couleurs pour un véhicule à moteur - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'un composant comprenant au moins deux couches de couleurs pour un véhicule à moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3723991B1
EP3723991B1 EP18830142.8A EP18830142A EP3723991B1 EP 3723991 B1 EP3723991 B1 EP 3723991B1 EP 18830142 A EP18830142 A EP 18830142A EP 3723991 B1 EP3723991 B1 EP 3723991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier structure
colour layer
rear side
colour
regions
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18830142.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3723991A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas LÖFFLER
Hans-Joachim Ludwig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rehau Automotive SE and Co KG
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Rehau Automotive SE and Co KG
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Publication of EP3723991A1 publication Critical patent/EP3723991A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a component for a motor vehicle that has at least two color layers, the color layers being applied to a thin-walled support structure that at least partially defines the geometry of the component, the support structure consisting of a transparent or translucent polymer material and already before the Application of the color layers has a three-dimensional geometry with at least one spatial curvature, the support structure having an outside that is visible in the intended use and a rear side opposite the outside, the at least two color layers being applied to the back of the support structure and consequently through the support structure are at least partially visible or recognizable on the outside, the support structure having a first area or first areas in which on the outside only one e The first color layer or only parts of a first color layer can be seen, and the carrier structure also has a second area or second areas in which only the at least one further color layer or only parts of the at least one further color layer can be seen on the outside.
  • the color layers are applied to the carrier structures before these carrier structures are brought into a three-dimensional form. Due to the subsequent reshaping or deformation of the carrier structure, however, it is not possible to clearly distinguish complex structures from one another through the layers of paint, since the reshaping or deformation process means that a complex structure (e.g. a color grid or parallel lines) can be manufactured precisely and, in particular, with repeat accuracy ) not possible is.
  • a masking template is therefore placed on the support structure in order to apply the first color layer, and this first color layer is then applied using a coating process (eg by spray painting).
  • this method step is time-consuming, the positioning is imprecise and sometimes it does not reliably prevent a partial co-coating (so-called overspray) of the second area.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to specify a method with the features described at the outset which, compared to the prior art, enables a component for a motor vehicle which has at least two layers of paint to be produced more quickly and reliably.
  • an inkjet printer and thus the inkjet printing method, for the coating and simultaneous masking of the first area makes it possible, in comparison to prior art methods, to apply a very precise masking with a high spatial resolution to the three-dimensionally preformed carrier structure.
  • a print head of the inkjet printer can be moved by means of a manipulator (e.g. by means of a robot or a traversing unit) are moved over the back of the support structure.
  • the support structure itself can be moved in relation to the print head by means of a manipulator.
  • the distance of the inkjet printer or the print head of the inkjet printer from the surface of the back is preferably between 3 mm and 50 mm.
  • the back of the component's carrier structure is also called the "second-surface" or B-side.
  • the support structure preferably has a three-dimensional geometry with at least two spatial curvatures.
  • the at least one further color layer can be applied to the second area or to the second areas on the rear side of the carrier structure by means of a coating process that differs from inkjet printing. Due to the fact that the first color layer applied by means of the inkjet printer already forms the masking on the carrier structure, a coating process can be selected for the at least one further color layer which has a greater area output (i.e. painted area per time) compared to inkjet printing.
  • the combination of very precise inkjet printing with a coating process with a larger surface area makes it possible to implement a process with high precision and high speed at the same time.
  • the different coating method can include a spray painting method or a spray painting method or a brush coating or a dip coating or a roller coating or a plating method, in particular a PVD method or a CVD method, or an electroplating method.
  • the curing and/or hardening of the first color layer can be enabled and/or accelerated at least partially by supplying energy.
  • UV-curing lacquers ie lacquers that harden with ultraviolet light
  • the first colored layer is preferably printed onto the back of the carrier structure with at least 100 dpi, preferably with at least 200 dpi, more preferably with at least 300 dpi.
  • dpi means "dots per inch”.
  • the second area or the second areas can be defined by a local surface irregularity or by local surface irregularities on the outside and/or on the back of the carrier structure. This surface irregularity or these surface irregularities can then be additionally highlighted visually by means of the at least one further color layer.
  • the method according to the invention with its exact and precise masking of the second area or areas (in particularly suitable in this case of surface irregularity(s) due to the first layer of paint or masking applied by means of an inkjet printer.
  • the local surface irregularity can be formed by an indentation or a bead or a groove or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure or a satin finish or a grain or a raised pattern and/or a pattern sunk into the material of the support structure, or the local surface irregularities can be formed by Beading and/or grooves and/or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure and/or satin finishes and/or Graining and/or raised patterns and/or patterns embedded in the material of the support structure can be formed.
  • the respective tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure from the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure are determined, and the printed image stored for the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure is converted using these determined tolerance deviations and adapted to these real dimensions, so that the first Color layer is applied in a manner corresponding to the ideal dimensions of the support structure on the intended first area or on the intended first areas.
  • the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure are preferably stored in a controller of the inkjet printer. More preferably, the print image for the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure is stored in or in a controller of the inkjet printer.
  • the tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure that cannot be ruled out due to the production process can be compensated for in this way.
  • this ensures that the masking (i.e. the first layer of paint) is in the right place or in the right places (e.g. around the surface irregularity/s ) is applied by the inkjet printer.
  • the tolerance deviation can be determined using an optical measuring method, in particular by means of an optical image acquisition and image evaluation and/or by means of a triangulation method and/or by means of a confocal measuring method.
  • the first colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer can be or can be built up by a large number of individual layers. That means the first The colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer can in particular be made up of at least two or more individual layers.
  • the at least one further colored layer can be formed by a metal coating, in particular by a chrome coating. Consequently, the at least one further color layer does not necessarily mean a lacquer layer, but can also mean a coating by a metal.
  • the first color layer and/or the at least one further color layer can be applied in several adjacent strips. Consequently, the first colored layer and/or the at least one further colored layer does not necessarily have to be applied to the carrier structure in one pass, but can also be applied in several tracks.
  • the adjacent webs can also overlap in their edge areas.
  • the webs can preferably have a width of between 5 mm and 300 mm.
  • the component can be an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a bumper cladding or a radiator grille cladding or a fender cladding or an A, B, C or D pillar cladding or a spoiler outer skin or a sill cladding or a door outer cladding or a door flap outer cladding.
  • the component can be part of an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a part of a bumper trim or a radiator grille trim or a fender trim or an A, B, C or D pillar trim or a spoiler outer skin or a rocker panel or a door outer trim or a door flap outer trim form.
  • the carrier structure can be produced or has been produced by means of a generative process (eg 3D printing) or in an injection molding process or by thermoforming.
  • the transparent or translucent polymer material of the support structure can include in particular polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene (e.g. PS, ABS, ASA), thermoplastic polyester (e.g. PET, PBT) or a biopolymer (e.g. cellulose acetate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkaonate).
  • polycarbonate polymethyl methacrylate
  • polystyrene e.g. PS, ABS, ASA
  • thermoplastic polyester e.g. PET, PBT
  • a biopolymer e.g. cellulose acetate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkaonate
  • Also part of the invention is a component that is produced using the method described above.
  • FIG. 1 to 5 describes a method for producing a component for a motor vehicle that has at least two color layers 1, 2.
  • the color layers 1, 2 are applied to a thin-walled carrier structure 3 that at least partially defines the geometry of the component.
  • the carrier structure 3 consists of a transparent or translucent polymer material and, even before the application of the colored layers 1, 2, has a three-dimensional geometry with at least one spatial curvature (cf. in particular Figures 1 to 4 ) on.
  • the carrier structure 3 has an outer side A that is visible when used as intended and a rear side B that is opposite the outer side A (cf. in particular 3 and 4 ) on.
  • the carrier structure 3 has a first region 6 or first regions 6, in which only a first color layer 1 or only parts of a first color layer 1 can be seen on the outside A (cf. in particular 3 ).
  • the carrier structure 3 also has a second region 8 or second regions 8 in which only the at least one further color layer 2 or only parts of the at least one further color layer 2 can be seen on the outside A (cf. in particular 4 ).
  • the at least one additional color layer 2 can also be additionally applied to the first color layer 1 , since this masks the first area 6 or the first areas 6 in front of the at least one additional color layer 2 .
  • an inkjet printer 10 which, to form the first color layer 1, uses a liquid or powdered pigment ink or a applies liquid or powdered dye ink to the back B of the support structure 3, a print head of the inkjet printer 10 can be moved over the back B of the support structure 3 by means of a manipulator (eg by means of a robot or a traversing unit).
  • a manipulator eg by means of a robot or a traversing unit.
  • the support structure 3 itself can be moved in relation to the print head by means of a manipulator.
  • the at least one further color layer 2 is applied to the second area 8 or to the second areas 8 on the rear side B of the carrier structure 3 by means of a coating process that differs from inkjet printing.
  • the different coating method can include a spray painting method or a spray painting method or a brush coating or a dip coating or a roller coating or a plating method, in particular a PVD method or a CVD method, or an electroplating method.
  • the hardening and/or hardening is at least partially made possible and/or accelerated by the supply of energy.
  • a UV curing material is preferably used for the pigment ink or for the dye ink.
  • the first color layer 1 is printed onto the rear side B of the carrier structure 3 with at least 100 dpi, preferably with at least 200 dpi, more preferably with at least 300 dpi.
  • the second area 8 is or the second areas 8 are defined by a local surface irregularity 12 or by local surface irregularities 12 on the outside A and/or on the back B of the carrier structure 3 (cf. 3 and 4 ).
  • the local surface irregularity 12 is formed by an indentation or a bead or a groove or lettering sunk into the material of the support structure or a satin finish or a grain or a raised pattern and/or a pattern sunk into the material of the support structure 3, or the local surface irregularities 12 are formed by beads and/or grooves and/or lettering and/or satin finishes and/or graining and/or raised patterns and/or patterns embedded in the material of the support structure.
  • the respective tolerance deviations in the real dimensions of the carrier structure 3 from the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure 3, preferably stored in a controller of the inkjet printer 10, are determined, and that for the ideal dimensions the carrier structure 3, preferably in the controller, stored print image converted based on these determined tolerance deviations and adapted to these real dimensions, so that the first color layer 1 in a manner corresponding to the ideal dimensions of the carrier structure 3 on the provided first area 6 or applied to the first areas 6 provided.
  • the tolerance deviation can be determined using an optical measuring method, in particular by means of an optical image acquisition and image evaluation and/or by means of a triangulation method and/or by means of a confocal measuring method.
  • the first colored layer 1 and/or the at least one further colored layer 2 can be made up of a large number of individual layers (i.e. in particular of at least two individual layers).
  • the at least one further color layer 2 can be formed by a metal coating, in particular by a chrome coating.
  • the first color layer 1 is applied in several adjacent strips T (cf. figure 5 ).
  • the component can be an exterior component of a motor vehicle, in particular a bumper cladding or a radiator grille cladding or a fender cladding or an A, B, C or D pillar cladding or a spoiler outer skin or a sill cladding or a door outer cladding or a door flap outer cladding, or a Form part of the aforementioned components.
  • the carrier structure 3 can be produced or has been produced by means of a generative process (e.g. 3D printing) or in an injection molding process or by thermoforming.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un composant présentant au moins deux couches de peinture (1, 2) pour un véhicule automobile,
    les couches de peinture (1, 2) étant appliquées sur une structure de support (3) à paroi mince, définissant au moins partiellement la géométrie du composant,
    la structure de support (3) consistant en un matériau polymère transparent ou translucide et présentant déjà avant l'application des couches de peinture (1, 2) une géométrie configurée sous forme tridimensionnelle avec au moins une courbure spatiale,
    la structure de support (3) présentant un côté extérieur (A) visible dans l'utilisation prévue et un côté arrière (B) opposé au côté extérieur (A),
    les au moins deux couches de peinture (1, 2) étant appliquées sur le côté arrière (B) de la structure de support (3) et étant visibles ou reconnaissables au moins par sections sur le côté extérieur (A) à travers la structure de support (3),
    la structure de support (3) présentant une première zone (6) ou des premières zones (6) dans lesquelles seule une première couche de peinture (1) ou seules des parties d'une première couche de peinture (1) sont reconnaissables sur le côté extérieur (A), et
    la structure de support (3) présentant en outre une deuxième zone (8) ou des deuxièmes zones (8) dans lesquelles seule l'au moins une autre couche de peinture (2) ou seules des parties de l'au moins une autre couche de peinture (2) sont reconnaissables sur le côté extérieur (A),
    le procédé présentant la séquence d'étapes suivante :
    - le revêtement et le masquage simultané de la première zone (6) ou des premières zones (6) par l'application de la première couche de peinture (1) sur le côté arrière (B) de la structure de support configurée sous forme tridimensionnelle (3) au moyen d'une imprimante à jet d'encre (10), qui, pour former la première couche de peinture (1), applique une encre pigmentaire liquide ou en poudre ou une encre à base de colorant liquide ou en poudre sur le côté arrière (B) de la structure de support (3),
    - le durcissement et/ou la solidification simultanés ou consécutifs de la première couche de peinture (1), le durcissement et/ou la solidification étant effectués partiellement, par parties ou en totalité,
    - l'application de l'au moins une autre couche de peinture (2) au moins sur la deuxième zone non masquée (8) ou au moins sur les deuxièmes zones non masquées (8) sur le côté arrière (B) de la structure de support,
    caractérisé en ce que
    avant ou pendant l'étape d'application de la première couche de peinture (1), les écarts de tolérance respectifs dans les dimensions réelles de la structure de support (3) par rapport aux dimensions idéales de la structure de support (3), de préférence enregistrées dans une commande de l'imprimante à jet d'encre (10), sont déterminées, et l'image d'impression enregistrée par rapport aux dimensions idéales de la structure de support (3), de préférence dans la commande, est convertie à l'aide de ces écarts de tolérance déterminés et est adaptée à ces dimensions réelles, de telle sorte que la première couche de peinture (1) est appliquée d'une manière correspondant aux dimensions idéales de la structure de support (3) sur la première zone prévue (6) ou sur les premières zones prévues (6).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'écart de tolérance est déterminé à l'aide d'un procédé de mesure optique, notamment au moyen d'une acquisition d'image optique et d'une évaluation d'image et/ou au moyen d'un procédé de triangulation et/ou au moyen d'un procédé de mesure confocale.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'application de l'au moins une autre couche de peinture (2) sur la deuxième zone (8) ou sur les deuxièmes zones (8) sur le côté arrière (B) de la structure de support (3) est effectuée au moyen d'un procédé de revêtement différent de l'impression à jet d'encre.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le procédé de revêtement différent comprend un procédé de peinture par projection ou un procédé de peinture par pulvérisation ou une peinture au pinceau ou une peinture par immersion ou une peinture au rouleau ou un procédé de placage, notamment un procédé PVD ou un procédé CVD, ou un procédé d'électrodéposition.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le durcissement et/ou la solidification sont rendus possibles et/ou accélérés au moins partiellement par un apport d'énergie.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première couche de peinture (1) est imprimée sur le côté arrière (B) de la structure de support (3) avec au moins 100 dpi, de préférence avec au moins 200 dpi, de manière davantage préférée avec au moins 300 dpi.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième zone (8) ou les deuxièmes zones (8) est ou sont prédéfinies par une irrégularité de surface locale (12) ou par des irrégularités de surface locales (12) sur le côté extérieur (A) et/ou sur le côté arrière (B) de la structure de support (3).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'irrégularité de surface locale (12) est formée par un creux ou une moulure ou une rainure ou une inscription encastrée dans le matériau de la structure de support ou un satinage ou un grain ou un motif en relief et/ou un motif encastré dans le matériau de la structure de support, ou les irrégularités de surface locales (12) sont formées par des moulures et/ou des rainures et/ou une inscription encastrée dans le matériau de la structure de support et/ou des satinages et/ou des grains et/ou des motifs en relief et/ou des motifs encastrés dans le matériau de la structure de support.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première couche de peinture (1) et/ou l'au moins une autre couche de peinture (2) est construite en elle-même par une pluralité de couches individuelles.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une autre couche de peinture (2) est formée par un revêtement métallique, notamment par un revêtement de chrome.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première couche de peinture (1) et/ou l'au moins une autre couche de peinture (2) sont appliquées en plusieurs bandes (T) juxtaposées.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant est un composant extérieur d'un véhicule automobile, notamment un habillage de pare-chocs ou un habillage de calandre ou un habillage d'aile ou un habillage de montant A, B, C ou D ou une peau extérieure de spoiler ou un habillage de seuil ou un habillage extérieur de porte ou un habillage extérieur de battant de porte, ou forme un constituant des composants susmentionnés.
EP18830142.8A 2017-12-12 2018-12-07 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un composant comprenant au moins deux couches de couleurs pour un véhicule à moteur Active EP3723991B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017129555.0A DE102017129555B4 (de) 2017-12-12 2017-12-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wenigstens zwei Farbschichten aufweisenden Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug
PCT/EP2018/083907 WO2019115368A1 (fr) 2017-12-12 2018-12-07 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un composant comprenant au moins deux couches de couleurs pour un véhicule à moteur

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EP3723991A1 EP3723991A1 (fr) 2020-10-21
EP3723991B1 true EP3723991B1 (fr) 2022-11-30

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EP (1) EP3723991B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102017129555B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019115368A1 (fr)

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CN110846619B (zh) * 2019-10-29 2021-09-10 宁波四维尔工业有限责任公司 一种塑料汽车标牌表面着色工艺
DE202020104416U1 (de) 2020-07-30 2021-11-03 Rehau Ag + Co Bauteil, das zumindest abschnittsweise lackiert ist
DE102020134941A1 (de) 2020-12-28 2022-06-30 Rehau Automotive Se & Co. Kg Außenverkleidungsteil für den Frontbereich eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Außenverkleidungsteils
DE102021106232A1 (de) * 2021-03-15 2022-09-15 Airbus Operations Gmbh Lackierverfahren mit gedruckter Maske sowie Druckvorrichtung
DE102021108273A1 (de) 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Rehau Automotive Se & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wenigstens zwei Farbschichten aufweisenden Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug

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DE102017129555B4 (de) 2023-01-12
EP3723991A1 (fr) 2020-10-21

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