EP3692118A1 - Composition d'additifs pour carburant - Google Patents
Composition d'additifs pour carburantInfo
- Publication number
- EP3692118A1 EP3692118A1 EP18779699.0A EP18779699A EP3692118A1 EP 3692118 A1 EP3692118 A1 EP 3692118A1 EP 18779699 A EP18779699 A EP 18779699A EP 3692118 A1 EP3692118 A1 EP 3692118A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- group
- copolymer
- formula
- additive composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2366—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amine groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2368—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/18—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups C10L10/02 - C10L10/16
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
- C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
- C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
- C10L2200/0484—Vegetable or animal oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/08—Inhibitors
- C10L2230/086—Demulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
- C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
- C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
- C10L2300/20—Mixture of two components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an additive composition for liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- Liquid fuels from internal combustion engines contain components that can degrade during engine operation.
- the problem of deposits in the internal parts of combustion engines is well known to motorists. It has been shown that the formation of these deposits has consequences on engine performance and in particular has a negative impact on fuel consumption and particulate emissions. Advances in fuel additive technology have addressed this problem.
- Additives known as detergents used in fuels have already been proposed to maintain engine cleanliness by limiting deposits ("keep-clean” effect) or by reducing deposits already present in the internal parts of the combustion engine (effect "Clean-up" in English).
- a detergent additive for petrol fuel containing a quaternary ammonium function is a detergent additive for petrol fuel containing a quaternary ammonium function.
- WO200613588 1 discloses a detergent additive containing a quaternary ammonium salt used to reduce or clean deposits including the intake valves.
- engine technology is constantly evolving and fuel requirements need to evolve to cope with these advanced combustion engine technologies.
- the new petrol or diesel direct injection systems expose injectors to more severe pressure and temperature conditions, which favors the formation of deposits.
- these new injection systems have more complex geometries to optimize spraying, in particular, more holes having smaller diameters but which, on the other hand, induce greater sensitivity to deposits.
- the presence of deposits can alter the performance of combustion including increasing pollutant emissions and particulate emissions. Other consequences of the excessive presence of deposits have been reported in the literature, such as increased fuel consumption and maneuverability problems.
- demulsifier additives or demulsifier
- US 20 16/0160144 proposes to use a polyisobutenyl succinic acid in combination with one or more detergent additives to improve the separation of water and fuel.
- the object of the invention is to provide novel fuel additive compositions comprising the combination of at least two particular polymers as described hereinafter.
- the additive compositions according to the invention have remarkable properties as an additive. detergent in liquid fuels of internal combustion engine.
- the combination of polymers according to the invention used in these fuels makes it possible to maintain the cleanliness of the engine, in particular, by limiting or avoiding the formation of deposits ("keep - clean” effect) or by reducing the deposits already present. in the internal parts of the combustion engine ("clean-up" effect).
- the additive compositions according to the invention have remarkable properties as a demulsifying additive in liquid fuels of an internal combustion engine.
- the combination of polymers according to the invention makes it possible to improve the separation of water and fuel when the latter contains water.
- improving the separation of water and fuel is meant to accelerate the separation, and / or to increase the rate of separation of the fuel and the residual water present in this fuel.
- the present invention is directed to a fuel additive composition
- a fuel additive composition comprising:
- Ri represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- E represents -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH with Z representing H or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group
- G represents a group selected from a C 1 to C 34 alkyl group, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl group comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 to C 34 alkyl group, and - at least one unit of the following formula (IIa) :
- Ri is chosen from hydrogen atom and methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C1-C12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R represents a C1-C34 hydrocarbon chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups, substituted by at least one amino group comprising at least one quaternary ammonium or iminium function, and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups;
- R represents a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups, substituted with at least one amino group comprising at least one primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, or imine function, and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the group G of the formula (I) is chosen from a C 4 to C 34 alkyl group, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl group comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 to C 34 alkyl group, preferably C 4 to C 34.
- the group G of the formula (I) is an aralkyl group comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C4 to C30 alkyl group.
- the group G of formula (I) is a C4 to C34 alkyl group.
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from: -O- and -N (Z) -, with Z representing H or a C 1 to C 6 alkyl group.
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from: -CO-O- and -CO-NH-, preferably the group E is the group -CO-O-, it being understood that the group E is connected to the vinyl carbon by the atom of carbon.
- the R group represents a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon-based chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups, substituted by at least one amino group. comprising at least one quaternary ammonium or iminium function.
- said amino group is chosen from quaternary ammoniums of pyrrolinium, pyridinium, imidazolium, triazolium, triazinium, oxazolium and isoxazolium.
- said amino group is chosen from quaternary ammoniums of trialkylammonium, iminium, amidinium, formamidinium, guanidinium and biguanidinium, preferably trialkylammonium.
- the group R of the formula (Ha) is represented by one of the following formulas (III) and (IV):
- X " is chosen from hydroxide ions, halides and organic anions, preferably organic anions,
- R2 is chosen from C1-C34 hydrocarbon chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2 is connected to Q in the formula (Ha),
- R 3, R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and are chosen, independently, from C 1 to C 18 hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the groups R 3, R 4 and R 5 may contain one or a plurality of groups selected from: a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a carbonyl group and that the groups R 3, R 4 and R 5 may be connected together in pairs to form one or more rings,
- R 6 and R 7 are identical or different and independently selected from C 1 to C 18 hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the R 6 and R 7 groups may contain one or more groups chosen from: a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a carbonyl group and that the R 6 and R 7 groups can be joined together to form a ring.
- R group of the unit of formula (IIa) is represented by formula (III) above, in which:
- X " is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugated bases of carboxylic acids,
- R2 is selected from hydrocarbon chains Ci to C34, preferably alkyl groups to C 18,
- R 3, R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and are chosen, independently, from C 1 to C 18 hydrocarbon chains, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that at least one of the groups R 3, R 4 and R 5 contains one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the R group represents a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon-based chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups, substituted by at least one amino group. comprising at least one primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine or imine function.
- said amino group is chosen from groups having at least one amine, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine function, such as alkylamines, polyalkylene polyamines, polyalkylenimines, alkylimines, alkylamidines. , alkyl-guanidines and alkyl-biguanidines, the alkyl substituent being linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, and having preferably from 1 to 34 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- said amino group is chosen from monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 34 atoms, preferably from 5 to 12 atoms, more preferably from 6 to 10 atoms, and at least one nitrogen atom.
- the polycyclic heterocyclic groups have, optionally, fused rings.
- the number of atoms includes hetero atoms.
- fused rings are meant rings having at least two atoms in common.
- the heterocyclic groups may further include an oxygen atom and / or a carbonyl group and / or one or more unsaturations.
- heterocyclic amine group mention may be made of the following radicals: triazole, aminotriazol, pyrrolidone, piperidine imidazole, morpholine, isoxazol, oxazole, indole, the said radical being preferably linked to the hydrocarbon chain by an atom nitrogen.
- the group R of formula (IIb) is represented by formula (V): in which :
- R 2 - R 2 ' is chosen from hydrocarbon chains C 1 to C 34, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2 ' is connected to Q in formula (II), and
- L is selected from the group consisting of:
- polyamine groups and polyalkylene polyamines especially those of the formulas -NH- (Rf-NH) kH; -NH- (Rf-NH) k-R a ; with R a , Rb, R c , Rd and R e represent, independently of each other, a C 1 -C 3, preferably C 1 -C 12 , alkyl group optionally comprising one or more NH 2 functions and one or more several bridges -NH-;
- Rf represents a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably C 2 -C 4 alkyl
- k represents an integer ranging from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 12.
- polyamines and polyalkylene polyamines examples include: ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine.
- the copolymer (a) is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers, and preferably copolymer (a) is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer (a) is a copolymer with a blo comprising:
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably ranging from 5 to 80, preferably ranging from 10 to 70, more preferably ranging from 20 to 60, Ri ', u, E and G are as defined above, and
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10, Ri "and Q are as defined above, and R is as defined for the pattern of formula (Ha) above.
- the copolymer (a) is a block copolymer which comprises at least:
- a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from a (C 1 -C 3) alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer
- blo c B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer or alkyl (meth) acrylamide, the alkyl radical is constituted by a chain C1 to C34 hydrocarbon compound substituted with at least one amino group selected from quaternary ammoniums and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the number of monomer equivalents of the block A of the copolymer (a) is from 2 to 100 moles.
- the number of monomer equivalents of the B block of the copolymer (a) is from 2 to 50 moles.
- the copolymer (a) comprises at least one block sequence AB, ABA or BAB where said blocks A and B are linked without the presence of intermediate block of different chemical nature.
- the block copolymer (a) is obtained by sequential polymerization, preferably followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the copolymer (b) is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers, and preferably the copolymer (b) is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer (b) is a block copolymer comprising:
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably ranging from 5 to 80, preferably ranging from 10 to 70, more preferably ranging from 20 to 60, Ri ', u, E and G are as defined above, and
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10, Ri "and Q are as defined above, and R is as defined for the formula (IIb) pattern above.
- the copolymer (b) is a block copolymer which comprises at least:
- a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from a (C 1 -C 3) alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer
- a block consisting of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer or an alkyl (meth) acrylamide, the alkyl radical of which is constituted by a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain substituted with at least one amino group chosen primary, secondary and tertiary amines, and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the number of monomer equivalents of the blo c A of the copolymer (b) is from 2 to 100 moles.
- the number of monomer equivalents of the block B of the copolymer (b) is from 2 to 50 moles.
- the copolymer (b) comprises at least one block sequence AB, ABA or BAB where said blocks A and B are linked together without the presence of intermediate blocks of different chemical nature.
- the block copolymer (b) is obtained by block polymerization, optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the invention also relates to a fuel concentrate comprising a fuel additive composition as defined above, mixed with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert with respect to the copolymer (s) (a). ) and the copolymer (s) (b) described above, and miscible with said fuel.
- the invention also relates to a fuel composition
- a fuel composition comprising:
- a fuel from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and
- the fuel composition according to the invention comprises the copolymer (s) (a) in a minimum content of 5 ppm.
- the fuel composition according to the invention comprises the copolymer (s) (b) in a minimum content of 5 ppm.
- the fuel (1) is selected from hydrocarbon fuels, non-substantially hydrocarbon fuels and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from gasolines and gas oils, also called diesel fuel.
- the invention also relates to the use of an additive composition as described above as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel of internal combustion engines, said additive composition being used alone or in the form of a concentrate such as previously defined.
- the additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to maintain cleanliness and / or clean at least one of the internal parts of said internal combustion engine.
- the additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said motor and / or reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine.
- the deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts selected from the engine intake system, the combustion chamber and the fuel injection system.
- the additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to reduce the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.
- the additive composition is used to reduce pollutant emissions, in particular the particulate emissions of the internal combustion engine.
- the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine.
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably a direct injection diesel engine.
- the additive composition is used to prevent and / or reduce the formation of deposits in the injection system of the diesel engine.
- the additive composition is used to prevent and / or reduce the formation of deposits related to the phenomenon of coking and / or soap and / or varnish type deposits.
- the invention also relates to the use of an additive composition as described above, as a demulsifying additive in a liquid fuel of internal combustion engines, said additive composition being used alone or in the form of a concentrate such as previously defined.
- the additive composition is used in the liquid fuel to accelerate the separation, and / or increase the separation rate of the fuel and the residual water possibly present in this fuel.
- the invention furthermore relates to a method for maintaining the cleanliness and / or cleaning of at least one of the internal parts of a internal combustion engine comprising at least the following steps:
- the invention further relates to a method of dememulsifying a fuel containing water, or separating water from a fuel containing it. This method comprises at least the following steps:
- alkyl (meth) acrylate to designate an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate
- alkyl (meth) acrylamide to designate an alkyl acrylamide or an alkyl methacrylamide
- the invention relates to a fuel additive composition
- a fuel additive composition comprising:
- Ri represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- E represents -O- or -N (Z) -, or -O-CO-, or -CO-O- or -NH-CO- or -CO-NH -
- Z representing H or an alkyl to C 6
- G represents a group selected from alkyl Cl to C34, an aromatic ring, an aralkyl group comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one alkyl group Ci to C34, and - at least one unit of formula (Ha) below:
- Ri is chosen from hydrogen atom and methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C1-C12 hydrocarbon chains,
- R represents a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon-based chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups, substituted with at least one amino group comprising at least one quaternary ammonium function or iminium, and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups; and (b) one or more copolymer (s), different from the copolymer (s) (a), comprising
- R represents a C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chain which may also contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups substituted by at least one amino group comprising at least one primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine or imine function, and optionally one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the copolymer comprises only units of formula (I) and units of formula (IIa).
- the copolymer is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer is at a standstill.
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from:
- - E -N (Z) - with Z represents H or a linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic, C 1 to C 6 alkyl group,
- the group E of formula (I) is chosen from: -O- and -N (Z) -, with Z representing H or a C 1 to C 6 alkyl group.
- the group E of the formula (I) is preferably the -O-CO- group, it being understood that the -O-CO- group is linked to the vinyl carbon by the oxygen atom.
- the group E of the formula (I) is chosen from: -CO-O- and -CO-NH-, it being understood that the group E is connected to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the group E of the formula (I) is preferably the -CO-O- group, it being understood that the -CO-O- group is linked to the vinyl carbon by the carbon atom.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) may be an alkyl group to C34, preferably an alkyl radical with C 4 to C34, preferably C 4 to C 30, more preferably C 6 to C 24, more preferably in Cs to C 18 .
- the alkyl radical is a linear or branched radical, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic. This alkyl radical can comprise a linear or branched part and a cyclic part.
- the group (G) of formula (I) is advantageously a C 1 to C 34 acyclic alkyl, preferably a C 4 to C 34, preferably C 4 to C 30, more preferably C 6 to C 24 , alkyl radical, more preferably Cs to C 18 , linear or branched, preferably branched.
- alkyl groups such as butyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, ethyl-2-hexyl, isooctyl, isodecyl and isododecyl.
- the group (G) of formula (I) may also be an aromatic ring, preferably a phenyl or aryl group.
- aromatic groups there may be mentioned, without limitation, the phenyl or naphthyl group, preferably the phenyl group.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) may, according to another preferred variant, be an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 1 -C alkyl group.
- the group (G) is aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and one or more alkyl groups, C4 to C34, preferably C4 to C30, more preferably C 6 to C 24, more preferably in Cs to
- the aromatic ring may be mono-substituted or substituted on a number of its carbon atoms. Preferably, the aromatic ring is monosubstituted.
- the C 1 to C 34 alkyl group may be in the ortho, meta or para position on the aromatic ring, preferably in para.
- the alkyl radical is a linear or branched radical, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably an acyclic radical, linear or branched, preferably branched.
- the aromatic nucleus may be directly attached to the E moiety or the vinyl carbon but may also be connected to it through an alkyl substituent.
- group G there may be mentioned a benzyl group substituted in the presence of a C 4 to C 34, preferably C 4 to C 30, alkyl group.
- the group (G) of the formula (I) is an aralkyl comprising at least one aromatic ring and at least one C 4 to C 34, preferably C 4 to C 30, alkyl group, more preferably C 6 to C 24 , even more preferably C 8 to C 18 .
- the Q group of the formula (IIa) is the oxygen atom.
- the R group of the formula (IIa) is chosen from groups having at least one amino function obtained by quaternization of at least one amine, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine function; heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 34 atoms and at least one nitrogen atom.
- the group R is chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternizing a tertiary amine function.
- the group R of the formula (IIa) is represented by one of the following formulas (III) and (IV): in which
- X " is chosen from hydroxide ions, halides and organic anions, in particular the acetate ion,
- R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34, preferably C 1 to C 18 , more preferably C 1 to C 8 , even more preferentially C 2 to C 4 , cyclic or acyclic, linear or branched, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group; preferably R 2 is chosen from alkyl groups, optionally substituted by at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2 is connected to the group Q in the formula (Ha),
- R 3, R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and are chosen, independently, from C 1 to C 18 , preferably C 1 to C 12 hydrocarbon chains, which may be linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, it being understood that the alkyl groups R 3, R 4 and R5 may contain one or more nitrogen atoms and / or oxygen and / or carbonyl groups and may be connected together in pairs to form one or more rings,
- R 6 and R 7 are identical or different and chosen, independently, from linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic C 1 to C 18 , preferably C 1 to C 12 , hydrocarbon chains, it being understood that the R 6 and R 7 groups may contain one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and / or carbonyl groups and may be joined together to form a ring.
- the one or more nitrogen atoms and / or oxygen may be present in the groups R3, R 4 and R 5 in the form of ether bridges, bridges or amine in the form of an amino or hydroxyl substituent.
- the organic anions of the group X " are advantageously the conjugate bases of the organic acids, preferably the bases conjugates of carboxylic acids, in particular the acids selected from monocarboxylic, polycarboxylic, cyclic or acyclic acids.
- the organic anions of the group X " are chosen from conjugated bases of saturated acyclic or cyclic aromatic carboxylic acids, for example methanoic acid, acetic acid, adipic acid or oxalic acid. , malonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
- the group R 2 is chosen from C 1 to C 34, preferably C 1 to C 18 , more preferably C 1 to C 8 , even more preferentially C 2 to C 4 , linear acyclic groups. or branched, substituted by at least one hydroxyl group.
- X " is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugated bases of carboxylic acids,
- R 2 is selected from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 1 to C 18 alkyl groups,
- R 3, R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and independently selected from hydrocarbon chains to C 18, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, provided that at least one of the groups R3, R 4 and R 5 contains one or more hydroxyl group (s).
- the group R of formula (IIa) is chosen from groups having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of an amino function contained in at least one of L groups of formula (V) described below.
- the unit of formula (I) is obtained from an apolar monomer (m a ).
- the apolar monomer (m a ) has the following formula (VII):
- Ri ', E, G and u are as defined above, the preferred variants of R 1', E, G and u according to formula (I) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (VII ).
- the group R 1 ' is a hydrogen atom.
- the monomer (m a ) is preferably chosen from vinyl esters having 1 to C34, preferably C 4 to C 30, more preferably C 6 to C 24 , more preferably C 8 to C 22.
- the alkyl radical of the alkyl vinyl ester is linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- alkyl vinyl ester monomers mention may be made, for example, of vinyl octanoate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl dodecanoate, vinyl tetradecanoate, vinyl hexadecanoate, vinyl octodecanoate and docosanoate. vinyl, 2-ethylhexanoate vinyl.
- the monomer (m a ) is, preferably selected from alkyl acrylates or methacrylates Ci-C34, preferably C 4 to C 30, more preferably C 6 to C 24, more preferably Cs to C22.
- the alkyl radical of the acrylate or methacrylate is linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, acyclic preference.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates which may be used in the manufacture of the copolymer (a) of the invention, mention may be made, in a nonlimiting manner: n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate , n-decyl acrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, ethyl-2-hexyl acrylate, ethyl-2-methacrylate hexyl, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl methacrylate.
- the polar monomer (mb) is chosen from those of formula (Villa):
- R 1 ", Q and R are as defined above, preferred variants of R 1", Q and R according to the formula (IIa) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (Villa).
- the polar monomer (mb) is represented by one of the following formulas (IX) and (IX '):
- R1 "and Q are as defined above, the preferred variants of R1" and Q according to the formula (Ha) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (IX) and (IX ');
- X " , R 2 , R 3 , R 4, R 5, R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, the preferred variants of X " , R 2 , R 3, R 4 , R 5, R 6 and R 7 according to the formulas III) and (IV) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (IX) and (IX ').
- the copolymer can be obtained by copolymerization of at least one apolar monomer (m a ) and at least one polar monomer (mb) tesl as described above.
- the copolymer is obtained solely from apolar monomers (m a ) and from polar monomers (mb).
- the copolymer (a) can be prepared by any known method of polymerization.
- the various techniques and conditions of polymerization are widely described in the literature and fall within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least one block A and at least one block B.
- Block A corresponds to the following formula (XI):
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably from 5 to 80, preferably from 10 to 70, more preferably from 20 to 60.
- Ri ', E, G and u are as defined above, the preferred variants of R 1', E, G and u according to formula (I) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (XI ). lla) next:
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10,
- R 1 ", Q and R are as defined above, the preferred variants of R 1", Q and R according to the formula (IIa) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (Xlla).
- the block B is represented by one of the following formulas (XIII) and ( ⁇ ):
- n, Q and R1 are as described above, the preferred variants of n, Q and R1" according to formula (Ha) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (XIII) and
- X " , R 2 , R 3 , R 4, R 5, R 6 and R 7 are as defined above, the preferred variants of X " , R 2 , R 3, R 4 , R 5, R 6 and R 7 according to the formulas III) and (IV) as defined above are also preferred variants of formulas (XIII) and ( ⁇ ),
- the amine group of block B described above is acyclic or cyclic.
- the acyclic amine group is advantageously chosen from quaternary ammoniums of trialkylammonium, iminium, amidinium, formamidinium, guanidinium and biguanidinium, preferably trialkylammonium.
- the cyclic amine group is advantageously chosen from heterocyclic compounds containing at least one nitrogen atom, in particular chosen from quaternary ammoniums of pyrrolinium, pyridinium, imidazolium, triazolium, triazinium, oxazolium and dicarboxylic acid. 'isoxazolium.
- the amine group of the block B is particularly preferably a quaternary trialkylammonium.
- At least one of the alkyl groups of the quaternary ammonium of block B is substituted by a hydroxyl group.
- block B is represented by formula (XIII):
- Ri is chosen from hydrogen atom and methyl group
- Q is chosen from the oxygen atom and the group -NR'- with R 'being chosen from a hydrogen atom and the C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbon chains,
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferentially from 5 to 10;
- X " is chosen from organic anions, preferably conjugated bases of carboxylic acids,
- R 2 is selected from C 1 to C 34 hydrocarbon chains, preferably C 1 to C 18 alkyl groups,
- R 3, R 4 and R 5 are identical or different and independently selected from hydrocarbon chains to C 18, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, provided that at least one of the groups R3, R 4 and R 5 contains at least one hydroxyl group.
- the block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (m a ) as described above.
- the block B consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (mb) as described above.
- the block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate monomer (m a ) and the block B corresponds to the formula (Xlla) described above.
- the block copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) and at least the monomer (mb).
- blocks derived from an apolar monomer can be obtained from vinyl alcohol or acrylic acid, respectively by transesterification or amidification reaction.
- the B blocks can be obtained by post-functionalization of an intermediate polymer (Pi) resulting from the polymerization of an intermediate monomer (m) (meth) acrylate or (meth) acrylamide of formulas:
- P8 is chosen from C1-C32 hydrocarbon chains
- P9 is chosen from hydrogen and alkyl groups in said post-functionalization corresponding to the reaction of said intermediate polymer (Pi) with a tertiary amine NR3R4R5 where where R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6 and R 7 are as defined above in formulas (III) and (IV).
- the copolymer (a) may also be obtained by post-functionalization of an intermediate block polymer, comprising at least one intermediate boc of formula (Pi) and at least one block A as described above.
- the block B of formula (Xlla) is obtained by quaternization, according to any known process, of a tertiary amine corresponding to the quaternary ammonium group of block B of formula NR3R4R5 or wherein R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6 and R 7 are as defined above.
- the quaternization step can be carried out before the copolymerization reaction, on an intermediate monomer carrying the tertiary amine, for example, by reaction with an alkyl halide or an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known method, optionally followed by a anion exchange reaction.
- an alkyl halide or an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known method, optionally followed by a anion exchange reaction.
- the quaternization step may also be carried out by post-functionalization of an intermediate polymer bearing the tertiary amine, for example by reaction with an alkyl halide optionally followed by an anion exchange reaction.
- an alkyl halide optionally followed by an anion exchange reaction.
- a post-functionalization reaction of an intermediate polymer bearing the tertiary amine by reaction with an epoxide (oxirane) according to any known method.
- the block copolymer can be obtained by sequential polymerization, preferably by sequential and controlled polymerization and, possibly followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the block copolymer described above is obtained by sequenced and controlled polymerization.
- the polymerization is advantageously chosen from controlled radical polymerization; for example, by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP in English “Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization”); the radical polymerization by nitroxide (NMP in English “Nitroxide-mediated polymerization”); degenerative transfer processes (degenerative transfer processes) such as degenerative iodine transfer polymerization (ITRP-iodine transfer radical polymerization) or radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT in English "Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer”); polymerizations derived from ATRP such as polymerizations using initiators for the continuous regeneration of the activator (ICAR -Initiators for continuous activator regeneration) or using electron-regenerated activators regenerated by electron (ARGET) transfer ").
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- NMP nitroxide
- degenerative transfer processes degenerative
- NMP NMP
- C. J. Hawker of an alkoxyamine capable of acting as a unimolecular agent, providing both the initiator reactive radical and the intermediate nitroxide radical in stable form (J. Hawker, J. Am Chem Soc, 1994, 116 , 1 1 1 85). Hawker has also developed a universal NMP initiator (D. Benoit et al., J. Am Chem Soc, 1999, 121, 3904).
- the reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization is a living radical polymerization technique.
- the RAFT technique was discovered in 1988 by Australian CSIRO Scientific Research Organization (J. Chiefari et al., Macromolecules, 1998, 31, 5559).
- the RAFT technique has very rapidly been the subject of intensive research by the scientific community as it allows the synthesis of macromolecules with complex architectures, including structures in blocks, grafts, combs or even stars. by controlling the molecular weight of the macromolecules obtained (G. Moad et al., Aust J. Chem, 2005, 58, 379).
- the RAFT polymerization can be applied to a very wide range of vinyl monomers and under various experimental conditions, including for the preparation of water-soluble materials (McCormick CL et al., Acc Chem Res.2004, 37, 312).
- the RAFT method includes the conventional radical polymerization of a substituted monomer in the presence of a suitable chain transfer agent (RAFT agent or CTA in English "Chain Transfer Agent").
- RAFT agent thiocarbonylthio compounds
- dithioesters J.
- RTA Mayadunne et al., Macromolecules, 1999, 32, 6977; et al., Macromol Rapid, Commun., 2000, 21, 1035), trithiocarbonates (RTA
- RAFT radical polymerization description examples include the following documents WO1998 / 01478, WO01999 / 31144, WO2001 / 77198, WO2005 / 00319, WO2005 / 000924.
- the sequenced and controlled polymerization is typically carried out in a solvent, under an inert atmosphere, at a reaction temperature generally ranging from 0 to 200 ° C, preferably from 50 ° C to 130 ° C.
- the solvent may be selected from polar solvents, in particular ethers such as anisole (methoxybenzene) or tetrahydrofuran or apolar solvents, in particular paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics and alkylaromatics having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- benzene toluene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-butene, n-hexane, n-heptane and the like.
- atom transfer radical polymerization For atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), the reaction is generally carried out under vacuum in the presence of an initiator, a ligand and a catalyst.
- a ligand mention may be made of N, N, N ', N ", N" -Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylene tetramine (HMTETA), 2, 2'-Bipyridine (BPY) and Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine (TPMA).
- PMDETA N, N, N ', N ", N" -Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
- HMTETA 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylene tetramine
- BPY 2, 2'-Bipyridine
- TPMA Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine
- TPMA Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine
- TPMA Tris (2
- the ATRP polymerization is preferably carried out in a solvent chosen from polar solvents.
- the numbers of apolar monomer equivalents (m a ) of the blo c A and polar monomer (naked) of the B block reacted during the polymerization reaction may be the same or different.
- number of equivalents refers to the amounts of material (in moles) of the monomers (m a ) of the block A and of the monomers (mb) of the block C, used during the polymerization reaction.
- the number of apolar monomer equivalents (m a ) of the block A is preferably from 2 to 100 eq, preferably from 5 to 80 eq, preferably from 10 to 70 eq, more preferably from 20 to 60 eq. eq.
- the number of polar monomer equivalents (mb) of the block B is preferably from 2 to 50 eq, preferably from 3 to 40 eq, more preferably from 4 to 20 eq, still more preferably from 5 to 10 eq. eq.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of block A is, advantageously, greater than or equal to that of the monomer (mb) of blo c B.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of the blo c A is between 20 and 60 mo, and G is selected from C 4 to C 30 hydrocarbon chains.
- the number of monomer equivalents (m a ) of the Block A is between 20 and 60 mo, and G is chosen from C 4 to C 30 hydrocarbon chains, and the copolymer has a number average molecular weight (M n) ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 g. mo l 1 .
- the weight average mass M w of block A or block B is preferably less than or equal to 15,000 g. mo l. "1 , more preferably less than or equal to 10 000 g.mu.l -1 .
- the block copolymer advantageously comprises at least one block sequence AB, ABA or BAB wherein said blocks A and B are linked together without the presence of an intermediate block of different chemical nature.
- block copolymers may optionally be present in the block copolymer described above insofar as these blocks do not fundamentally change the character of the block copolymer. However, block copolymers containing only A and B blocks will be preferred.
- the blocks A and B represent at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99% by weight of the block copolymer.
- the block copolymer is a diblock copolymer.
- the block copolymer is an alternating block triblock copolymer comprising two blo cs A and a blo c B (ABA) or comprising two blocks B and a block A (BAB).
- the block copolymer also comprises a terminal chain I consisting of a linear or branched C 1 to C 32, preferably C 4 to C 24 , hydrocarbon, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, more preferably preferably at C 10 to C 24.
- cyclic hydrocarbon chain means a hydrocarbon chain at least a part of which is cyclic, in particular aromatic. This definition does not exclude hydrocarbon chains comprising both an acyclic and a cyclic moiety.
- the terminal chain I may comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon chain, for example a benzene chain and / or a linear or branched, saturated and acyclic hydrocarbon-based chain, in particular an alkyl chain.
- the terminal chain I is, preferably, chosen from alkyl chains, preferably linear chains, more preferably alkyl chains of at least 4 carbon atoms, even more preferably of at least 12 carbon atoms.
- the terminal chain I is located in the terminal position of the block copolymer. It can be introduced into the block copolymer by means of the polymerization initiator.
- the terminal chain I may, advantageously, constitute at least a part of the polymerization initiator and is positioned within the polymerization initiator to enable the introduction, during the first polymerization initiation step, of the polymerization initiator. , the terminal chain I in the terminal position of the block copolymer.
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, chosen from free radical initiators used in the ATRP polymerization process. These free radical initiators well known to those skilled in the art are described in particular in the article "Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Prospects, Macromolecules, 45, 4015-4039, 2012".
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, selected from alkyl esters of a halide - substituted carboxylic acid, preferably a bromine in the alpha position, for example, ethyl 2 - bromopropionate, ethyl ⁇ - bromoisobutyrate, benzyl chloride or bromide, ethyl ⁇ -bromophenylacetate and chloroethylbenzene.
- ethyl 2-bromopropionate may make it possible to introduce into the copolymer the terminal chain I in the form of a C 2 alkyl chain and benzyl bromide in the form of a benzyl group.
- the transfer agent can conventionally be removed from the copolymer at the end of the polymerization according to any known method.
- the terminal chain I can also be obtained in the copolymer by RAFT polymerization according to the methods described in the article by Moad, G. and co. , Australian Journal of Chemistry, 12, 65, 985-1076.
- the terminal chain I may, for example, be modified by aminolysis when a transfer agent is used to give a thiol function.
- thiocarbonylthio, dithiocarbonate, xanthate, dithio carbamate and trithiocarbonate transfer agents for example S, N-dibenzyltrithiocarbonate (DBTTC), S, S-bis (a, a).
- BDMAT N-dibenzyltrithiocarbonate
- BDMAT 2-cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate
- CPD 2-cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate
- the transfer agent can be cleaved at the end of the polymerization by reacting a cleavage agent such as C2-C6 alkylamines, the terminal function of the copolymer can in this case be a thio -SH group.
- the sulfur of the copolymer obtained by RAFT polymerization introduced by the sulfur transfer agent such as thiocarbonylthio, dithiocarbonate, xanthate, dithiocarbamate and trithiocarbonate, can be converted in order to eliminate the sulfur of the copolymer.
- the block copolymer is a diblock copolymer (also called diblocks).
- the block copolymer structure may be of the IAB or IBA type, advantageously IAB.
- the terminal chain I can be directly linked to the block A or B according to the structure IAB or IBA, respectively, or to be connected via a linking group, for example, an ester, amide, amine or ether function.
- the linking group then forms a bridge between the terminal chain I and the block A or B.
- the block copolymer can also be functionalized at the end of the chain according to any known method, in particular by hydrolysis, aminolysis and / or nucleophilic substitution.
- aminolysis any chemical reaction in which a molecule is split into two parts by reaction of a molecule of ammonia or an amine.
- a general example of aminolysis is to substitute a halogen of an alkyl group by reaction with an amine, with elimination of hydrogen halide.
- Amino lysis may be used, for example, for ATRP polymerization which produces a copolymer having a terminal halide or for RAFT polymerization to transform the thio, dithio or trithio linkage introduced into the copolymer by the transfer agent. RAFT in function thio l.
- the terminal chain ⁇ preferably comprises a hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, C 1 to C 32, preferably C 1 to C 24, more preferably C 1 to C 10, still more preferably an alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or more groups containing at least one heteroatom selected from N and O, preferably N.
- this functionalization can, for example, be carried out by treating the ATRP IAB or IBA copolymer with a C 1 to C 32 primary alkylamine or a C 1 to C 32 alcohol under conditions soft so as not to modify the functions present on blocks A, B and I.
- the fuel additive composition may advantageously comprise from 5 to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 25 to 70% by weight of copolymer (a) as previously described by US Pat. relative to the total mass of the additive composition.
- the copolymer (b) comprises only units of formula (I) and units of formula (IIb).
- the copolymer is chosen from block copolymers and random copolymers.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer (b) comprises one or more units corresponding to the formula (I), as described above.
- the group Q of formula (IIb) is the oxygen atom.
- the group R of formula (IIb) comprises a hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one group chosen from groups having at least one amine, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine function, such as amines, polyalkylene polyamines, polyalkylenimines, alkylimines, alkylamidines, alkylguanidines and alkyl-biguanidines, the alkyl substituent being linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, and preferably having from 1 to 34 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- groups having at least one amine, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine function such as amines, polyalkylene polyamines, polyalkylenimines, alkylimines, alkylamidines, alkylguanidines and alkyl-biguanidines, the alkyl substituent being linear or branched, cyclic or a
- the group R of formula (IIb) comprises a hydrocarbon chain substituted with at least one group chosen from heterocyclic groups monocyclic or polycyclic, having from 3 to 34 atoms, preferably from 5 to 12 atoms, more preferably from 6 to 10 atoms, and at least one nitrogen atom, it being understood that the polycyclic heterocyclic groups have, optionally, fused rings .
- the number of atoms includes hetero atoms. By fused rings are meant rings having at least two atoms in common.
- the heterocyclic groups may further include an oxygen atom and / or a carbonyl group and / or one or more unsaturations.
- heterocyclic amine group mention may be made of the following radicals: triazole, aminotriazol, pyrrolidone, piperidine imidazole, morpholine, isoxazol, oxazole, indole, the said radical being preferably linked to the hydrocarbon chain by an atom nitrogen.
- R 2 ' is chosen from hydrocarbon chains C 1 to C 34, preferably C 1 to C 18 , more preferably C 1 to C 8 , still more preferably C 2 to C 4 , cyclic or acyclic, linear or branched, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group; preferably, R 2 'is chosen from alkyl groups, optionally substituted with at least one hydroxyl group, it being understood that the group R 2 ' is connected to the group Q in formula (IIb), and
- L is selected from the group consisting of:
- polyamine groups and polyalkylene polyamines in particular those of the formulas -NH- (R f -NH) k -H; -NH- (R f -NH) k - R a ; R a, Rb, Rc, Rd and R e represent independently each other an alkyl group C1-C34, preferably Ci-Ci 2, optionally comprising one or more NH 2 functions and one or more bridges -NH- ;
- Rf represents an alkyl group Ci-C 6, preferably C 2 -C 4, k represents an integer from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to
- polyamine groups and polyalkylene polyamines examples include: ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine.
- the group R 2 ' is chosen from C 1 to C 34, preferably C 1 to C 18 , more preferably C 1 to C 8 , even more preferentially C 2 to C 4 , linear or branched, and which may be substituted with at least one hydroxyl group.
- the group R of the formula (IIb) is represented by the formula (V) in which L is chosen from the groups: -NH 2 ; -NHR a , -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb as defined above, and more preferably from tertiary amine groups -NR a Rb.
- the unit of formula (IIb) is obtained from a polar monomer (mb).
- the polar monomer (mb) is chosen from those of formula (VIIIb):
- R 1 ", Q and R are as defined above, the preferred variants of R 1", Q and R according to formula (IIb) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (VIIIb).
- the polar monomer (mb) is represented by the following formula (X):
- R1 "and Q are as defined above for formula (IIb), the preferred variants of R1" and Q according to formula (IIb) such that defined above are also preferred variants of the formula
- R ' 2 and L are as defined above for formula (V), preferred variants of R' 2 and L according to formula (V) are also preferred variants of formula (X).
- the copolymer can be obtained by copolymerization of at least one apolar monomer (m a ) and at least one polar monomer (mb) as described above.
- the copolymer is obtained solely from apolar monomers (m a ) and from polar monomers (mb).
- the copolymer (b) can be prepared according to any known method of polymerization.
- the various techniques and polymerization conditions as described for the preparation of the copolymer (a) above are also suitable for preparing the copolymer (b).
- the copolymer (b) is a block copolymer comprising at least one blo c A and at least one blo c B.
- Block A corresponds to the following formula (XI):
- p is an integer ranging from 2 to 100, preferably from 5 to 80, preferably from 10 to 70, more preferably from 20 to 60.
- Ri ', E, G and u are as defined above, the preferred variants of R 1', E, G and u according to formula (I) as defined above are also preferred variants of the formula (XI ).
- Block B has the following formula (Xllb):
- n is an integer ranging from 2 to 50, preferably from 3 to 40, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10,
- the block B of the copolymer (b) is represented by the following formula (XIV):
- n, Q and R 1 are as described above, the preferred variants of n, Q and R 1" according to formula (IIb)) as defined above being also preferred variants of formula (XIV), R '2 and L are as defined above for formula (V), preferred variants of R' 2 and L according to formula (V) are also preferred variations of formula (XIV).
- the block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (m a ) as described above.
- the block B consists of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer (mb) as described above.
- the block A consists of a chain of structural units derived from an alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate monomer (m a ) and the block B corresponds to the formula (Xllb) described above. .
- the block copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) and at least the monomer (mb).
- (b) is preferably from 1000 to 10000 g. mol "1 .
- the molar mass by weight M w of the copolymer (b) is preferably from 200 to 15000 g. mol. "1, more preferably from 500 to 10,000 g. Mol.” 1, even more preferably from 1000 to 8000 g. mol. "1 , and more preferably from 2000 to 5000 g mol. "
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise from 1 to 95% by weight, preferably from 20 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 75% by weight of copolymer (b), relative to the total mass of the additive composition.
- the mass ratio between the copolymer (s) (a) and the copolymer (s) (b) described above ranges from 5: 95 to 95: 5, preferably from 10: 90 to 90:10, more preferably 20:80 to 80:20 and more preferably this mass ratio is 50:50.
- the mass content of copolymer (a) is greater than that of copolymer (b).
- the mass ratio between the copolymer (s) (a) and the polymer (s) (b) is greater than 1.
- a particularly preferred combination for the additive composition according to the invention comprises:
- a copolymer (a) comprising blocks A and B as described above, the amine group of the block or blocks B being chosen from quaternary ammonium groups;
- a copolymer (b) comprising blocks A and B as described above, the amino group of the block or blocks B being chosen from primary, secondary or tertiary amine groups and preferably tertiary amine groups.
- a copolymer (a) comprising blocks A and B as described above, the amine group of the block (s) B being chosen from trialkylammonium quaternary groups;
- a polymer (b) comprising blocks A and B as described above, the amine group of the block (s) B being chosen from tertiary amine groups.
- Such combinations can advantageously be prepared by synthesizing the block copolymer (b) according to the methods described above, then quaternizing the B blocks for part of the polymer (b) thus obtained so as to form the copolymer (at) .
- the quaternization can be carried out according to the known methods mentioned above, for example by the functionalization of the copolymer (b) bearing tertiary amine functions, by reaction with an epoxide (oxirane).
- the fuel additive composition described above is particularly advantageous when used as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- detergent additive liquid fuel is meant an additive that is incorporated in a small amount in the liquid fuel and has an effect on the cleanliness of said engine compared to said liquid fuel not specially additivé.
- the fuel additive composition described above is also particularly advantageous when used as a demulsifying additive in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- demulsifying additive an additive which is incorporated in a small amount in the liquid fuel and improves the separation of water and fuel when the latter contains water.
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in a liquid fuel makes it possible both to maintain the cleanliness of at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine and / or to clean at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine. one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine and also improves the separation of water and fuel when the latter contains water.
- “Improving the separation of water and fuel” means accelerating the separation, and / or increasing the rate of separation of the fuel and the residual water present in the fuel compared to a fuel without such a composition. additives.
- the liquid fuel is advantageously derived from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, vegetable and synthetic sources. We will choose preferably, oil as a mineral source.
- the liquid fuel is preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, alone or as a mixture.
- Hydrocarbon fuel is a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen.
- non-substantially hydrocarbon fuel means a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen, that is to say which also contain other atoms, in particular oxygen atoms.
- Hydrocarbon fuels include, in particular, medium distillates having a boiling point ranging from 100 to 500 ° C., or lighter distillates having a boiling point in the gasoline range. These distillates may for example be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates obtained from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of distillates under vacuum, distillates resulting from methods of conversion type ARD S (in English "atmospheric residue desulfuration") and / or visbreaking, distillates from the valuation of Fischer Tropsch cuts. Hydrocarbon fuels are typically gasolines and gas oils (also called diesel fuel).
- the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from gasolines and gas oils.
- the gasolines include, in particular, all commercially available spark ignition engine fuel compositions.
- the essences generally have octane numbers that are sufficiently high to prevent the phenomenon of knocking.
- gasoline fuels marketed in Europe, compliant with the NF EN 228 standard have an engine octane number (MON) greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON). Research Octane Number ”) of a minimum of 95.
- Gasoline fuels generally have an RON of 90 to 100 and a MON of 80 to 90, with RON and MON being measured according to ASTM D 2699-86 or D 2700-86.
- Gas oils include, in particular, any commercially available diesel fuel compositions. As a representative example, mention may be made of gas oils that comply with the NF EN 590 standard.
- Non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels include oxygenates, for example distillates resulting from conversion BTL (in English "biomass to liquid") of plant biomass and / or animal, taken alone or in combination; biofuels, for example oils and / or esters of vegetable and / or animal oils; bio diesels of animal and / or vegetable origin and bio ethano ls.
- Mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are not essentially typically type diesel B or type E x x essences.
- Diesel gasoline type B x means a gasoline fuel which contains x% (v / v) of vegetable or animal oil esters (including used cooking oils) transformed by a chemical process known as transesterification, obtained by reacting this oil with an alcohol to obtain fatty acid esters (EAG). Methanol and ethanol yield, respectively, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters (EEAG).
- EAG fatty acid esters
- FAME fatty acid methyl esters
- EEAG fatty acid ethyl esters
- the letter "B" followed by a number x indicates the percentage of EAG contained in the diesel fuel, with x a number ranging from 0 to 100.
- a B99 contains 99% of EAG and 1% of average distillates of origin fo ssile (mineral source), the B20, 20% of EAG and 80%) of distillates means of origin fo ssile etc ....
- EAG methyl esters
- E x type gasoline for spark ignition engines means a petrol fuel which contains x% (v / v) oxygenates, usually ethanol, bioethanol and / or ethyl tertiary butyl alcohol. ether (ETBE).
- the sulfur content of the liquid fuel is preferably less than or equal to 5000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm, and more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageously without sulfur.
- the fuel additive composition described above is used in the liquid fuel at a level, preferably at least 10 ppm by weight, preferably at least 50 ppm, more preferably at a content of 10 to 5 ppm. 000 ppm, even more preferably from 10 to 1000 ppm.
- the use of a fuel additive composition as described above in the liquid fuel makes it possible to maintain the cleanliness of at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine and / or to clean at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in the liquid fuel makes it possible, in particular, to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine (keep - clean effect). and / or reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine ("clean-up" effect).
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in the liquid fuel makes it possible, in comparison with the liquid fuel which is not particularly additive, to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine or to reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in the liquid fuel makes it possible to to observe both the effects, limitation (or prevention) and reduction of deposits ("keep-clean” and "clean-up” effects).
- Deposits are distinguished according to the type of internal combustion engine and the location of deposits in the internal parts of said engine.
- the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine, preferably direct injection (DISI in English "Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine”).
- the targeted deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts of said spark ignition engine.
- the internal part of the spark ignition engine kept clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaned (clean-up) is advantageously chosen from the intake system of the engine, in particular the intake valves (IVD). Intake Valve Deposit "), the" Combustion Chamber Deposit “(CCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of a fuel injection system.
- indirect injection (Port Fuel Injector), or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably a diesel engine with direct injection, in particular a diesel engine with a Common Rail (IDRC) injection system. Injection).
- the targeted deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts of said diesel engine.
- the targeted deposits are located in the injection system of the diesel engine, preferably located on an external part of an injector of said injection system, for example the nose of the injector and / or or on an internal part of an injector of said injection system (IDID), for example on the surface of an injector needle.
- IDID an injector of said injection system
- the deposits may consist of deposits related to the phenomenon of coking ("coking" in English) and / or deposits soap and / or varnish (in English "lacquering”).
- the fuel additive composition as described above may advantageously be used in the liquid fuel to reduce and / or avoid the loss of power due to the formation of deposits in the internal parts of a direct injection diesel engine. , said power loss being determined by the CEC F - 98 - 08 standard motor test method.
- the fuel additive composition as described above may advantageously be used in the liquid fuel to reduce and / or avoid the restriction of the fuel flow emitted by the injector of a direct injection diesel engine during its operation, said flux restriction being determined according to the CEC standard engine test method F - 23 - 1 - 01.
- the use of the fuel additive composition as described above makes it possible, in comparison with the liquid fuel with no particular additive, to limit or avoid the formation of deposits on at least one type of deposits previously described and / or to reduce existing deposits on at least one type of deposits described above.
- the use of the fuel additive composition described above also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition described above also makes it possible to reduce pollutant emissions, in particular the particulate emissions of the internal combustion engine.
- the use of the fuel additive composition according to the invention makes it possible to reduce both the fuel consumption and the pollutant emissions.
- the fuel additive composition described above may be used alone or in admixture with other additives in the form of an additive concentrate.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention can be added to the liquid fuel within a refinery and / or be incorporated downstream of the refinery and / or possibly mixed with other additives in the form of a concentrate of additives, also called according to the use "additive package".
- the fuel additive composition described above is used in admixture with an organic liquid in the form of a concentrate.
- a fuel concentrate comprises one or more copolymers (a) and one or more copolymers (b) as described above, mixed with an organic liquid.
- the organic liquid is inert with respect to the copolymer (a) and copolymer (b) described above and miscible in the liquid fuel described above.
- miscible means that the copolymer (a), the copolymer (b) and the organic liquid form a solution or a dispersion so as to facilitate the mixing of the fuel additive composition according to the invention in the liquid fuels according to conventional methods of fuel additives.
- the organic liquid is advantageously chosen from aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name "SOLVES SO", alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds and paraffinic solvents such as hexane and pentane. or isoparaffins, alone or in admixture.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name "SOLVES SO”
- alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds such as hexane and pentane. or isoparaffins, alone or in admixture.
- the concentrate may advantageously comprise a total amount of copolymer (a) and copolymer (b) as previously described ranging from 5 to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 25 to 50% by weight. to 70% by weight.
- the concentrate may typically comprise from 1 to 95% by weight, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 25 to 60% by weight of organic liquid, the remainder corresponding to copolymer (a), and from copolymer (b), it being understood that the concentrate may comprise one or more copolymers (a) and one or more copolymers (b) as described above.
- the copolymers (a) and (b) are Block copolymers
- their solubilities in organic liquids and the liquid fuels previously described depends in particular on the average molar masses by weight and by number, respectively M w and M n of the copolymers.
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymers according to the invention will be chosen so that the copolymers are soluble in the liquid fuel and / or the organic liquid of the concentrate for which they are intended.
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymers according to the invention can also have an influence on the effectiveness of the fuel additive composition according to the invention as a detergent additive.
- the average molar masses M w and M n will therefore be chosen so as to optimize the effect of the copolymers according to the invention, in particular the detergency effect (engine cleanliness) in the liquid fuels described above.
- the copolymer (a) advantageously has a weight average molecular weight (M w ) ranging from 500 to 30,000 g. mol 1 , preferably from 1000 to 10000 g. mol 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g. mol "1, and / or a number average molecular weight (Mn) ranging from 500 to 15,000 g.mol” 1, preferably from 1,000 to 10,000 g.mol "1, more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g.mol” 1 .
- the number and weight average molar masses are measured by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). The operating conditions of the SEC, in particular, the choice of the solvent will be chosen according to the chemical functions present within the block copolymer.
- the molar and / or mass ratio between the polar monomer (mb) and the apolar monomer (m a ) and / or between the block A and B in the block copolymer (a) described above will also be chosen so that that the block copolymer is soluble in the fuel and / or the organic liquid of the concentrate for which it is intended. Of even, this ratio can be optimized depending on the fuel and / or the organic liquid so as to obtain the best effect on engine cleanliness.
- the molar ratio between the apolar monomer (m a ) and the polar monomer (mb), or between the blocks A and B in percentage m The distance between the apolar monomer (m a ) of the blo c A and the polar monomer (mb) of the block B is preferably from 95: 5 to 50:50, more preferably from 90: 10 to 75:25. more preferably between 85:15 and 70:30.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is used in the form of a concentrate of additives in combination with at least one other fuel additive of an internal combustion engine different from the copolymer (a). and copolymer (b) previously described.
- the additive concentrate may typically comprise one or more other additives selected from detergent additives different from the copolymer (a) and copolymer (b) described above, for example from anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foaming agents, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic soot), cloud point improvers, pour point, TLF ("Filterability Limit Temperature”), anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and conductivity modifiers.
- detergent additives different from the copolymer (a) and copolymer (b) described above, for example from anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foaming agents, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic soot), cloud point improvers, pour point, TLF (“
- procetane additives especially (but not exclusively) selected from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate, aryl peroxides, preferably benzyl peroxide, and alkyl peroxides, preferably ter-butyl peroxide;
- anti-foam additives in particular (but not limited to) selected from polysiloxanes, oxyalkylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides from vegetable or animal oils. Examples of such additives are given in EP86 1,882, EP663000, EP736590;
- CFI Cold Flow Additives
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers
- EVE ethylene / vinyl propionate
- EMMA ethylene / vinyl ethanoate
- US3048479, US3627838, US3790359, US396196 1 and EP261957 ethylene / alkyl fumarate
- lubricity additives or anti-wear agents in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and monocarboxylic acid derivatives and polycyclic.
- lubricity additives or anti-wear agents are given in the following documents: EP680506, EP860494, WO98 / 04656, EP915944, FR2772783, FR2772784.
- cloud point additives including (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of long-chain olefin terpolymers / (meth) acrylic ester / maleimide, and fumaric acid / maleic acid ester polymers. Examples of such additives are given in FR252805 1, FR252805 1, FR2528423, EP 1 12195, EP 172758, EP271385, EP29 1367;
- detergent additives including (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of succinimides, polyetheramines and quaternary ammonium salts; for example those described in US4171 959 and WO200613588 1.
- polyfunctional cold operability additives selected from the group consisting of oolefin-based polymers and alkenyl nitrate as described in EP573490.
- additives are usually added in quantities ranging from 10 to 1000 ppm (each), preferably 100 to 1000 ppm by weight.
- a fuel composition is prepared according to any known method by adding the liquid fuel described above with at least one fuel additive composition as described above.
- a fuel composition comprising:
- the fuel (1) is, in particular, chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels previously described, taken alone or as a mixture.
- this fuel composition comprising the additive composition according to the invention in an internal combustion engine has an effect on both the cleanliness of the engine and the demulsification when the fuel contains water, compared to the fuel. liquid not specially additive.
- the combustion of this fuel composition makes it possible, in particular, to prevent and / or reduce the fouling of the internal parts of said engine while maintaining or even improving the demulsification of said fuel.
- the combustion of the fuel composition comprising such an additive composition in an internal combustion engine also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption and / or the pollutant emissions.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is preferably incorporated in a small amount in the liquid fuel described above, the amount of additive composition being sufficient to produce, on the one hand, a detergent effect while maintaining or even by improving the demulsification, and thus improve engine cleanliness.
- the fuel composition advantageously comprises at least 5 ppm by weight, preferably from 10 to 5000 ppm, more preferably from 20 to 2000 ppm, in particular from 50 to 500 ppm copolymer (s) (a), relative to the total weight. fuel composition.
- the fuel composition advantageously comprises at least 5 ppm by weight, preferably from 5 to 1000 ppm, more preferably from 5 to 500 ppm, more preferably from 10 to 200 ppm, even more preferably from 20 to 100 ppm of copolymer (s). ) (b), relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.
- the fuel composition may also comprise one or more other additives different from the copolymer (a) and the copolymer (b) according to the invention.
- additives are chosen in particular from the other known detergent additives, for example from anticorrosive agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), cloud point improvers, pour point, TLF, anti-settling agents, agents antiwear and / or conductivity modifiers.
- the additives different from the copolymer (a) and the copolymer (b) present in the fuel additive composition according to the invention are, for example, the fuel additives listed above.
- a method of keeping clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaning (clean-up) of at least one of the internal parts of an internal combustion engine comprises the preparation of fuel composition by additive fuel with a fuel additive composition as described above and combustion of said fuel composition in the internal combustion engine.
- the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine, preferably direct injection (DISI).
- the inner part kept clean and / or cleaned of the spark ignition engine is preferably selected from the engine intake system, in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (IFP) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the engine intake system in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (IFP) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably a direct injection diesel engine, in particular a diesel engine with Common Rail injection systems (IDRC).
- a direct injection diesel engine in particular a diesel engine with Common Rail injection systems (IDRC).
- IDRC Common Rail injection systems
- the internal part kept clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaned
- (clean-up) of the diesel engine is preferably the injection system of the diesel engine, preferably an external part of an injector of said injection system, for example the nose of the injector and / or one of the internal parts of an injector of said injection system, for example the surface of an injector needle.
- the keep-clean and / or clean-up method preferably comprises the successive steps of:
- step 2) incorporation into the fuel of the selected fuel additive composition at the rate determined in step 1) and, optionally, the other fuel additives.
- the selection of the fuel additive composition more particularly corresponds to the selection on the one hand of one or more copolymers (a) as described above, and on the other hand of one or more polymers (b) as described above in order to prepare a composition of fuel additives according to the invention.
- copolymer (s) (a) and the copolymer (s) (b) may be incorporated in the fuel, alone or in combination, successively or simultaneously.
- the fuel additive composition can be used in the form of a concentrate or an additive concentrate as described above.
- Stage 1) is carried out according to any known process and is a standard practice in the field of fuel additives. This step involves defining at least one characteristic representative of the detergency properties and at least one characteristic representative of the demulsification properties of the fuel composition.
- the characteristic characteristic of the fuel detergency properties will depend on the type of internal combustion engine, for example diesel or spark ignition, the direct or indirect injection system and the location in the engine of the targeted deposits for cleaning and / or or maintaining cleanliness.
- the representative characteristic of the fuel detergency properties may, for example, correspond to the power loss due to the formation of deposits in the injectors or the restriction of the fuel flow emitted by the fuel. injector during operation of said engine.
- the representative characteristic of the detergency properties may also correspond to the appearance of lacquering deposits at the injector needle (IDID).
- IDID this method being exemplified and / or incorporated by reference to the present application.
- the process of demulsifying the fuel or separating the fuel water preferably comprises the successive steps of:) determining the additive most suitable for the fuel, said additive corresponding to the selection of the fuel additive composition described above to be incorporated in combination, possibly, with other fuel additives as described above and the determination of the rate of treatment necessary to achieve a given specification relating to the demulsification of the fuel composition.
- the selection of the fuel additive composition corresponds more particularly to the selection on the one hand of one or more copolymers (a) as described above and on the other hand of one or more polymers (b). as previously described to prepare a fuel concentrate according to the invention.
- copolymer or copolymers (a) and the copolymer or copolymers (b) may be incorporated in the fuel, alone or as a mixture, successively or simultaneously.
- the fuel additive composition can be used in the form of a concentrate or an additive concentrate as described above.
- Stage 1 ' is carried out according to any known process and is a standard practice in the field of fuel additives.
- This step involves defining at least one representative characteristic of the demulsification properties of the fuel composition.
- the representative characteristic of the demulsification properties may for example correspond to a measurement of the aqueous phase volume extracted from the fuel according to ASTM D 1094.
- Step 3 ') is also carried out according to any method known to those skilled in the art.
- step 3 ') can be carried out by decantation and separation of the additive fuel composition.
- the determination of the amount of copolymer (a) and the amount of copolymer (b) to be added to the fuel composition to achieve a given specification will typically be made by comparison with the fuel composition but without the copolymer (a) and the copolymer (b).
- step 1 Determination of the amount of fuel additive composition to be added to the fuel composition to meet the specification (step 1) or step 1 'described above) will typically be performed by comparison with the fuel composition but without the copolymer ( a) and without the copolymer (b) present in the fuel additive composition according to the invention, the given detergency specification being able to be, for example, a target value of power loss according to the DW10 method or a value of flow restriction according to XUD9 method mentioned above.
- copolymer (a) and copolymer (b) may also vary depending on the nature and origin of the fuel, for example depending on the level of n-alkyl, isoalkyl or n-substituted compounds. alkenyl, or depending on its water content. Thus, the nature and origin of the fuel may also be a factor to be considered for step 1) or 1 ').
- the keep-clean and / or clean-up method may also include an additional step 3) after step 2), verification of the target reached and / or adjustment of the target. additive rate with the additive composition as a detergent additive.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention has remarkable properties as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel, in particular in a gasoline or gasoline fuel without deteriorating the demulsification of the water of said fuel when the fuel contains the water.
- the fuel additive composition according to the invention is particularly remarkable in particular because it is effective as a detergent additive and as a demulsifying additive for wide range of liquid fuel and / or for one or more types of engine and / or against one or more types of deposit that form in the internal parts of the internal combustion engines.
- Copolymers according to the present invention have been synthesized according to the protocols described below.
- the stationary phase of the apparatus is a Symmetry Shield RP 18 column.
- the mobile phase is composed of two eluents, a first whose composition is water / methanol with CH 2 O 2 at pH 5, the second is composed of methanol with acid methanoic pH5 also.
- This mobile phase has a flow rate of 1 ml / min.
- the temperature of the oven is recorded at 40 ° C.
- the injection volume is 5 ⁇ .
- the products are detected via a diode array detector.
- a sample of 250 is taken at t0 (just after AIBN addition) and tf (final t) to measure the residual monomer content by HPLC (as described for block A above) and thus deduce the conversion.
- a sample is also taken to determine by
- NMR spectral analyzes H and 13 C were performed in deuterated chloroform CDCl with a NMR spectrometer BRUKER Avance III 400 MHz (Larmor frequency of the U) operating under TopSpin 3.2: Probe 13 C SEXIOmm with magnetic field gradient pulsed z and 2 H lock operating at 300K and probe ! H BBI 5mm with pulsed magnetic field gradient z and 2 H lock operating at 300K.
- an external standard (1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene) is used.
- GPC analyzes were performed in THF.
- ⁇ of sample at 0.5% m / m previously filtered on millipore filter of 0.45 ⁇ are injected into WATERS Styragel columns operating at 40 ° C. and 645 Psi with a THF flow rate of 1 ml / min.
- the number average molecular weights (M n ) were determined by RI (refractive index) detection from calibration curves constructed for PMMA standards.
- the analyzes were carried out in a WATERS Styragel type column with the refractive index as a detector.
- Microstructure by 1H and 13C NMR based on the signals relating to the chain ends, 17 EHMA patterns, 6 MADAME patterns, are determined.
- the molar relative composition 71% EHMA, 29% MADAME.
- the quaternization rate of block B (MADAME block) is 100 mol%.
- the quaternization rate is determined by 13C NMR.
- 13C NMR the bulk around 70 ppm is assigned to the CH 2 CH 2 CHOHCH 2 CH 3 group alpha to the quaternized nitrogen atom.
- EHMA / MADAME 71/29
- the performance in terms of detergency was evaluated using the XUD9 engine test, consisting in determining the flow loss defined as corresponding to the restriction of the flow of diesel fuel emitted by the injector of a prechamber diesel engine during of its operation, according to the standard engine test method CEC F-23 - 1 - 01.
- the objective of the XUD9 test is to evaluate the ability of the additive and / or the additive composition tested to maintain cleanliness, the so-called "keep clean" effect, of the injectors of an engine.
- the test was carried out on a B0 type virgin diesel fuel complying with EN590, additive with the polymers described in Example 1 above, at a total additive treatment rate of 50 ppm by weight (50 mg / ml). kg).
- the test is started with a Peugeot XUD9 A / L four-cylinder diesel injection engine equipped with clean injectors whose flow has been determined beforehand.
- the engine follows a determined test cycle for 10 hours and 3 minutes (repetition of the same cycle 134 times).
- the injector flow is again evaluated.
- the quantity of fuel required for the test is 60L.
- the loss of flow is measured on the four injectors.
- the results are expressed as percentage loss of flow for different needle lifts.
- the fouling values are usually compared to 0.1 mm needle lift because they are more discriminating and more precise and repeatable (repeatability ⁇ 5%).
- the evolution of the loss of flow before / after the test makes it possible to deduce the loss of flow in percentage. Given the repeatability of the test, a significant detergent effect is affirmable for a loss of flow reduction or a gain in flow greater than 10 points (> 10%).
- the demulsification properties are determined according to ASTM D 1094.
- the protocol is as follows: 20 ml of an aqueous buffer solution and 80 ml of the fuel to be tested are poured into a graduated cylinder of 100 ml. The graduated cylinder is then stirred for 2 minutes before being placed on a flat surface. The volume of the aqueous phase, located in the lower part of the test piece, is then determined after 5, 9, 14 and 30 minutes by simply reading the volume indicated on the graduated test tube.
- the test result according to ASTM D 1094 corresponds to the volume of water recovered after 5 minutes.
- composition according to the invention is also useful as a demulsifying additive.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1759377A FR3072095B1 (fr) | 2017-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Composition d'additifs pour carburant |
PCT/EP2018/077081 WO2019068845A1 (fr) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-10-05 | Composition d'additifs pour carburant |
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EP3692118A1 true EP3692118A1 (fr) | 2020-08-12 |
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EP18779699.0A Withdrawn EP3692118A1 (fr) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-10-05 | Composition d'additifs pour carburant |
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US (1) | US20200332212A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3692118A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3072095B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019068845A1 (fr) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020109568A1 (fr) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Total Marketing Services | Composé d'amidoamine grasse quaternaire destiné à être utilisé comme additif pour carburant |
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US4171959A (en) | 1977-12-14 | 1979-10-23 | Texaco Inc. | Fuel composition containing quaternary ammonium salts of succinimides |
FR2528051B1 (fr) | 1982-06-08 | 1986-05-02 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Additifs azotes utilisables comme agents d'abaissement du point de trouble des distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures et compositions de distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures renfermant lesdits additifs |
FR2528423B1 (fr) | 1982-06-10 | 1987-07-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Additifs azotes utilisables comme agents d'abaissement du point de trouble des distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures et compositions de distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures renfermant lesdits additifs |
FR2535723A1 (fr) | 1982-11-09 | 1984-05-11 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Additifs azotes utilisables comme agents d'abaissement du point de trouble des distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures et compositions de distillats moyens d'hydrocarbures renfermant lesdits additifs |
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FR2751982B1 (fr) | 1996-07-31 | 2000-03-03 | Elf Antar France | Additif d'onctuosite pour carburant moteurs et composition de carburants |
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FR2994695B1 (fr) | 2012-08-22 | 2015-10-16 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Additifs ameliorant la resistance a l'usure et au lacquering de carburants de type gazole ou biogazole |
CA2917934A1 (fr) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | Basf Se | Utilisation d'un acide dicarboxylique a substitution hydrocarbyle pour ameliorer ou augmenter la separation de l'eau du fioul et de l'essence |
WO2015184301A2 (fr) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Sels d'ammonium quaternaire couplés |
FR3041349B1 (fr) * | 2015-09-18 | 2020-01-24 | Total Marketing Services | Copolymere utilisable comme additif detergent pour carburant |
FR3054225B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-21 | 2019-12-27 | Total Marketing Services | Copolymere utilisable comme additif detergent pour carburant |
-
2017
- 2017-10-06 FR FR1759377A patent/FR3072095B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-10-05 EP EP18779699.0A patent/EP3692118A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-10-05 WO PCT/EP2018/077081 patent/WO2019068845A1/fr unknown
- 2018-10-05 US US16/754,080 patent/US20200332212A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2019068845A1 (fr) | 2019-04-11 |
FR3072095A1 (fr) | 2019-04-12 |
FR3072095B1 (fr) | 2020-10-09 |
US20200332212A1 (en) | 2020-10-22 |
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