EP3394118A1 - Additif détergent pour carburant et copolymères utilisables dans cette application - Google Patents
Additif détergent pour carburant et copolymères utilisables dans cette applicationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3394118A1 EP3394118A1 EP16826403.4A EP16826403A EP3394118A1 EP 3394118 A1 EP3394118 A1 EP 3394118A1 EP 16826403 A EP16826403 A EP 16826403A EP 3394118 A1 EP3394118 A1 EP 3394118A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bridge
- copolymer
- alkyl
- nitrogen atoms
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine group Chemical group NC(=N)N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 alkyl guanidine Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoguanidine Chemical compound NNC(N)=N HAMNKKUPIHEESI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- ZILVNHNSYBNLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diaminomethylideneamino)guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=NNC(N)=N ZILVNHNSYBNLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006710 (C2-C12) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- ITUNZCVRYICLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=NC=N1 ITUNZCVRYICLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 7
- ZXLYUNPVVODNRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=C)=N1 ZXLYUNPVVODNRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- GIVBQSUFWURSOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyltriazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=N1 GIVBQSUFWURSOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- KYZUDXYWLHVWCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-7h-purin-6-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC(C=C)=NC2=C1NC=N2 KYZUDXYWLHVWCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JGPSFCWAVSBWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 JGPSFCWAVSBWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MGTVNFGFEXMEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyltriazine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NN=N1 MGTVNFGFEXMEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SKBUTIDCIMIMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1NC(=CC(=N1)C)C=C Chemical compound CN1NC(=CC(=N1)C)C=C SKBUTIDCIMIMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 16
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007098 aminolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HIZCIEIDIFGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L trithiocarbonate Chemical compound [S-]C([S-])=S HIZCIEIDIFGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000012989 trithiocarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- VGUWFGWZSVLROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyridin-2-yl-n,n-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1CN(CC=1N=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=N1 VGUWFGWZSVLROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IDSLBLWCPSAZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanopropan-2-yl benzenecarbodithioate Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)SC(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 IDSLBLWCPSAZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000258740 Abia Species 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYLIWTUSJCCCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N SC([SH]=C=S)=S Chemical compound SC([SH]=C=S)=S KYLIWTUSJCCCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005599 alkyl carboxylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARFLASKVLJTEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)Br ARFLASKVLJTEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012705 nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003053 polystyrene-divinylbenzene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012712 reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001399 1,2,3-triazolyl group Chemical class N1N=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVWSHQZYXZXQRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-1-ethenylguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N(C=C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CVWSHQZYXZXQRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNAKWWUXGVXJTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;1h-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CNC=N1.C=1N=CNN=1 GNAKWWUXGVXJTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNNZINNZIQVULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethylbenzene Chemical compound ClCCC1=CC=CC=C1 MNNZINNZIQVULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[N+]([O-])=O NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CCSC(=S)SC(C)(C)C#N AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyrroline Chemical compound C1CC=CN1 RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NN=CC=1Br QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQSLZEHVGKWKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NQSLZEHVGKWKAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXPPIEDUBFUSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)C=C DXPPIEDUBFUSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGFPWDANALGOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LVGFPWDANALGOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNJZRJBNAIQCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethenylpurin-6-amine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C=C FNJZRJBNAIQCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYLIZBIRMBGUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anetholtrithion Chemical group C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC(=S)SS1 KYLIZBIRMBGUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OWOGZXONQVZMCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=C)N1N=NC=C1.C(=C)N1N=NC=C1 Chemical group C(=C)N1N=NC=C1.C(=C)N1N=NC=C1 OWOGZXONQVZMCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamidine Chemical compound NC=N PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazolidine Chemical compound C1CNCN1 WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012987 RAFT agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000909 amidinium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXADPELPQCWDHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1.COC1=CC=CC=C1 KXADPELPQCWDHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KQNZLOUWXSAZGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylperoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COOCC1=CC=CC=C1 KQNZLOUWXSAZGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUQFHOLPJJETAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoyl chloride;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC(Cl)=N FUQFHOLPJJETAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001236 detergent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004119 disulfanediyl group Chemical group *SS* 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMDXMIHZUJPRHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C CMDXMIHZUJPRHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLPIKSHMNSAWRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl docosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C RLPIKSHMNSAWRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJRIYYLGNDXVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C UJRIYYLGNDXVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBDADGJLZNIRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C QBDADGJLZNIRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZUENMXBZVXIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C ZQZUENMXBZVXIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BKTKLDMYHTUESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Br)C1=CC=CC=C1 BKTKLDMYHTUESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,2-oxazole Chemical compound C=1C=[NH+]OC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DWFKOMDBEKIATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-methylamino]ethyl]-n,n,n'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C DWFKOMDBEKIATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUTJBJNPPPVCIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine;pyridazine;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1.C1=CN=CN=C1.C1=CN=CC=N1 WUTJBJNPPPVCIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F218/08—Vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F226/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a single or double bond to nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyesters
- C08F299/0485—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyesters from polyesters with side or terminal unsaturations
- C08F299/0492—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyesters from polyesters with side or terminal unsaturations the unsaturation being in acrylic or methacrylic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1983—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2366—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amine groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2368—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/08—Inhibitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of monomer-based copolymers comprising an ester function, such as, for example, (meth) acrylates or olefinic alkyl esters, and of monomers comprising a hydrocarbon-based functional group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably three nitrogen atoms as detergent additives in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- the invention also relates to certain of these copolymers, based on monomers comprising an ester function and on monomers comprising a hydrocarbon functional group comprising at least three nitrogen atoms.
- the invention also relates to a concentrate and a fuel composition containing such a copolymer.
- Liquid fuels from internal combustion engines contain components that can degrade during engine operation.
- the problem of deposits in the internal parts of combustion engines is well known to motorists. It has been shown that the formation of these deposits has consequences on engine performance and in particular has a negative impact on fuel consumption and particulate emissions. Advances in fuel additive technology have addressed this problem.
- Additives known as detergents used in fuels have already been proposed to maintain the cleanliness of the engine by limiting the deposits (in English effect "Keep-clean") or by reducing the deposits already present in the internal parts of the combustion engine (in English). clean-up effect).
- mention may be made of US4171959 which describes a detergent additive for petrol fuel containing a quaternary ammonium function.
- WO2006135881 discloses a detergent additive containing a quaternary ammonium salt used to reduce or clean deposits including the intake valves.
- engine technology is constantly evolving and fuel requirements must evolve to cope with these advances in combustion engine technology.
- the new petrol or diesel direct injection systems expose the injectors to more severe pressure and temperature conditions, which favors the formation of deposits.
- these new injection systems have more complex geometries to optimize spraying, including more holes having smaller diameters but which, on the other hand, induce greater sensitivity to deposits.
- the presence of deposits can alter the performance of combustion including increasing pollutant emissions and particulate emissions. Other consequences of the excessive presence of deposits have been reported in the literature, such as increased fuel consumption and maneuverability problems.
- US-4,508,882 discloses vinyl benzotriazole monomers. These monomers can be used to form homopolymers and copolymers useful as UV absorbers. The examples describe random copolymers with methyl methacrylate, and with butyl acrylate. The copolymers are synthesized in toluene and are precipitated in methanol.
- the document US2012 / 041040 describes 4- and 5-vinyl isomers of 1,2,3-triazole groups, these compounds being usable for synthesizing various polymers that can be used in applications: adhesives, coatings, encapsulation, skincare products, petroleum extraction , membranes, agriculture, cleaning compositions, electronics, inks.
- the examples describe syntheses of random copolymers with methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. The copolymers are synthesized without solvent and then precipitated in methanol.
- US Pat. No. 2,945,006 discloses gelatin layers comprising an addition product of an aminoguanidine and a carbonyl polymeric compound and their use as a fixer in photography. It is envisaged to use copolymers of different carbonyl monomers with C1-C4 alkyl methacrylates, in particular in the experimental part of the random copolymers with MMA. The Copolymers are synthesized in dioxane, then precipitated in a basic aqueous solution and with acetone.
- WO2015 / 124584 discloses a fuel additive composition comprising at least one triazole derivative and at least one additive comprising a quaternary ammonium salt. This composition is used as a detergent to limit deposits, particularly lackering type in a diesel engine.
- the triazole derivative may be grafted to a polyisobutylene group, however, it is not a copolymer comprising a repeating unit comprising three nitrogen atoms.
- the invention relates to the use of monomer-based copolymers comprising an ester function, such as, for example, alkyl esters, such as alkyl (meth) acrylates, or olefinic, especially vinyl, alkyl esters, and of monomers comprising a hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms, as detergent additives in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- ester function such as, for example, alkyl esters, such as alkyl (meth) acrylates, or olefinic, especially vinyl, alkyl esters, and of monomers comprising a hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms, as detergent additives in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- alkyl esters such as alkyl (meth) acrylates, or olefinic, especially vinyl, alkyl esters
- monomers comprising a hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen
- the invention also relates to novel copolymers which can be used in this application, a concentrate and a fuel composition containing such copolymers.
- the object of the present invention therefore relates to the use of a copolymer as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine, said copolymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkyl ester function and at least one repeating unit comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms.
- the repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkyl ester function is chosen from C 6 -C 34 alkyl esters and C 6 -C 34 alkyl esters.
- the copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least:
- an olefinic monomer (m b ) comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms.
- the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) is chosen from (C 1 to C 34 ) alkyl (meth) acrylates, advantageously from (C) alkyl (meth) acrylates. 6 to C 34 .
- the vinyl monomer (m b ) comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms corresponds to formula (I) below:
- R represents a hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms, optionally one or more hydroxyl substituents and optionally comprising one or more groups chosen from: a -O- ether bridge, -COO- ester bridge, -CO- carbonyl bridge,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- the monomer (m b ) is represented by the formula (la):
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- Rb represents a nitrogenous heterocycle comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Ra and / or Rb may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- Ra represents a C 1 -C 8 alkyl chain optionally comprising a carbonyl bridge -CO-
- Rb is chosen from rings comprising five atoms and rings containing six atoms, these rings comprising two or three carbon atoms. nitrogen, two, three or four carbon atoms.
- the monomer (m b ) is represented by the formula (la) in which:
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- Rb represents a nitrogenous heterocycle comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Ra and / or Rb may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- the copolymer is a block copolymer. According to a preferred embodiment, the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least:
- a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) and,
- the copolymer is used in a fuel concentrate comprising one or more copolymers as described above and below, in admixture with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert with respect to the copolymer or copolymers. and miscible with said fuel.
- the copolymer is implemented in a fuel composition which comprises:
- a fuel from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and
- the copolymer is used in the liquid fuel to maintain cleanliness and / or clean at least one of the internal parts of said internal combustion engine.
- the copolymer is used in the liquid fuel to avoid and / or reduce the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine and / or reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine .
- the copolymer is used to reduce the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.
- the copolymer is used to limit or reduce or prevent or prevent pollutant emissions, in particular particulate emissions from the internal combustion engine.
- the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine.
- the copolymer is used to limit or reduce or prevent or prevent the formation of deposits in at least one internal part of the spark ignition engine chosen from the engine intake system, in particular the valves intake, the combustion chamber, the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system or the injectors of a direct injection system.
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine.
- the copolymer is used to limit or reduce or prevent or prevent the formation of deposits in the injection system of the diesel engine, preferably located on an external part of an injector of said fuel injection system. injection, for example the nose of the injector and / or on an internal part of an injector of said injection system, for example on the surface of an injector needle.
- the copolymer is used to limit or reduce or prevent or prevent the formation of deposits related to the phenomenon of coking and / or deposits of the soap and / or varnish type.
- the invention also relates to a copolymer that can be used according to the uses defined above, said copolymer comprising at least one repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkyl ester function and at least one repeating unit comprising at least one hydrocarbon group. comprising at least three nitrogen atoms.
- this copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least:
- an olefinic monomer (m b ) comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least three nitrogen atoms.
- the invention relates to a copolymer that can be used according to the uses defined above, said copolymer being obtained by copolymerization of at least:
- an olefinic monomer (m b ) comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least three nitrogen atoms.
- the copolymer may be block or it may be random.
- the vinyl monomer (m b ) comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least three nitrogen atoms corresponds to formula (I) below:
- R represents a hydrocarbon chain comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising at least three nitrogen atoms, optionally one or more hydroxyl substituents and optionally comprising one or more groups chosen from: an ether bridge -O-, an ester bridge; COO-, a carbonyl bridge -CO-, one or more of the nitrogen atoms may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium,
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- the monomer (m b ) is represented by the formula (la):
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- Rb represents a nitrogen heterocycle comprising at least three nitrogen atoms, one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Ra and / or Rb may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium,
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- Ra represents a C 1 -C 8 alkyl chain optionally comprising a carbonyl bridge -CO-
- Rb is chosen from rings comprising five atoms and rings containing six atoms, these rings comprising three carbon atoms. nitrogen, two, three or four carbon atoms.
- Rb is a triazole ring.
- the monomer (m b ) is chosen from: 1-vinyl-1,2,3-triazole, 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole, vinyl benzotriazole, vinyl adenine, vinyl triazine, 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl triazine, 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine.
- the monomer (m b ) is represented by formula (Ib):
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- Rd represents a group chosen from amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine, biguanidine, polyamine and polyalkylenepolyamine groups,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Rc and / or Rd may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- the monomer (m b ) is represented by the formula (Ib) in which:
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- Rd represents a group chosen from amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine, biguanidine, polyamine and polyalkylenepolyamine groups,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Rc and / or Rd may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least:
- a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) and a block Bi consisting of a chain of structural units derived from the olefinic monomer (m b ).
- the copolymer is obtained by sequential polymerization, preferably by sequential and controlled polymerization and, optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the copolymer comprises at least one block sequence ABi, AB ⁇ A or B ⁇ AB ⁇ where said blocks A and Bi are linked together without the presence of an intermediate block of different chemical nature.
- the invention further relates to a fuel concentrate comprising one or more copolymers as described above and below, in admixture with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert with respect to the copolymer (s) and miscible fuel audit.
- the subject of the invention is also a fuel composition which comprises: (1) a fuel from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and
- the fuel composition comprises at least 5 ppm copolymer (s) (2).
- the copolymer comprises at least one repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkyl ester function and a repeating unit comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms.
- alkyl ester denotes an alkyl carboxylate A1-CO-O-A2 with A 2 alkyl and Ai any group.
- alkyl ester denotes an alkyl carboxylate A CO-O-A 2 with A-1 alkyl and A 2 any group.
- the repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkyl ester function is an olefinic unit.
- the repeating unit comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms is an olefinic unit.
- the olefinic repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkyl ester functional group is chosen from C 6 -C 34 alkyl esters and C 6 -C 34 alkyl esters.
- the olefinic repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester or alkyl ester function is chosen from:
- Alkyl esters C 6 to C 3 o, more preferably C 6 to C 24 , even more preferably C 8 to C 22 , and
- the repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester function may be derived from an alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate monomer.
- the repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester function may be derived from an alkyl vinyl ester or propene-2-yl alkyl ester monomer.
- the repeating unit comprising an alkyl ester function is derived from at least one monomer selected from alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate monomers (m a ).
- (meth) acrylate alkyl denotes a monomer selected from alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates.
- the monomer (m a ) is preferably chosen from (C 1 to C 34 ) alkyl, preferably C 4 to C 30 , more preferably C 6 to C 24 alkyl, more preferably C 8 to C22.
- the alkyl radical of the acrylate or methacrylate Alkyl is linear, branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates that may be used in the manufacture of the copolymer of the invention, mention may be made, in a nonlimiting manner: n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-decyl acrylate, n-decyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl methacrylate.
- R ' is a linear C 1 to C 34 , preferably C 4 to C 3 o, more preferably C 6 to C 24 , even more preferably C 8 to C 2 2 alkyl.
- alkyl vinyl ester monomers mention may be made, for example, of vinyl octanoate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl dodecanoate, vinyl tetradecanoate, vinyl hexadecanoate, vinyl octodecanoate and vinyl docosanoate.
- the repeating unit comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms is derived from at least one olefinic monomer (m b ) comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least minus three nitrogen atoms.
- the olefinic monomer (m b ) comprising at least one hydrocarbon group comprising at least two nitrogen atoms corresponds to formula (I) below:
- R represents a linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated compound, comprising 1 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms, and optionally one or more hydroxyl (OH) substituents and optionally comprising one or more groups chosen from: an ether bridge -O-, an ester bridge -COO-, a carbonyl bridge -CO-,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- Ri represents H or CH 3 .
- hydrocarbon-based chain means a chain consisting exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms, said chain possibly being linear or branched, cyclic, polycyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and optionally aromatic or polyaromatic.
- a hydrocarbon chain may comprise a linear or branched part and a cyclic part. It may include an aromatic part and an aromatic part.
- quaternary ammonium groups those obtained by quaternization of the primary, secondary or tertiary amines, according to any known method.
- At least one of the nitrogen atoms may, in particular, be in the form of a quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of at least one amine function, imine, amidine, guanidine, aminoguanidine or biguanidine; heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 34 atoms and at least one nitrogen atom.
- At least one of the nitrogen atoms may, in particular, be in the form of a group having at least one quaternary ammonium function obtained by quaternization of a tertiary amine.
- the quaternary ammonium is selected from the quaternary ammonium of iminium, amidinium, formamidinium, guanidinium and biguanidinium.
- At least one nitrogen atom may be in the form of a functional group having at least one quaternary ammonium functional group chosen from heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 34 atoms and at least one nitrogen atom, preferably from the quaternary ammoniums of pyrrolinium, pyridinium, imidazolium, triazolium, triazinium, oxazolium and isoxazolium.
- At least one nitrogen atom may, in particular, be in the form of a functional group having at least one quaternary ammonium function, preferably comprising at least one C 1 -C 10 hydrocarbon-based chain, preferably C 1 -C 4 linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic, said chain optionally comprising one or more oxygen atoms in the form of an ether function or in substitution, preferably in substitution.
- the hydrocarbon chain may, for example, be an alkyl chain substituted with a hydroxyl group, this type of quaternary ammonium may be obtained by reaction of a tertiary amine with an epoxide according to any known method.
- At least one of the nitrogen atoms is in the form of a trialkylammonium function.
- the alkyl substituents of trialkylammonium are preferably selected from alkyl groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and being linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic.
- At least one of the nitrogen atoms may, in particular, be under form of a functional group chosen from quaternary ammoniums substituted with at least one hydrocarbon chain, preferably C 1 -C 10 alkyl, still more preferably C 1 -C 4 , linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, preferably acyclic, comprising a or more hydroxyl groups.
- R is chosen from hydrocarbon chains comprising from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms, and not comprising an oxygen atom.
- R represents a nitrogen heterocycle, optionally linked to the olefinic function via an alkyl chain.
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- Rb represents a nitrogenous heterocycle comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, advantageously Rb represents a nitrogenous heterocycle comprising at least three nitrogen atoms,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Ra and / or Rb may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- Ri represents H or CH 3 .
- the monomer (m b ) corresponding to the formula (I) is advantageously represented by the formula (la) in which: n represents an integer selected from 0 and 1,
- Rb represents a nitrogenous heterocycle comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, advantageously Rb represents a nitrogenous heterocycle comprising at least three nitrogen atoms,
- one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Ra and / or Rb may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium
- Ri represents H or CH 3 .
- n 0.
- Ra a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl chain optionally comprising a carbonyl bridge.
- Rb can be a unicycle or a polycyclic compound.
- Rb is monocyl or bicyclic, even more preferably Rb is monocyclic.
- Rb may be saturated or unsaturated, possibly aromatic.
- Rb represents a nitrogenous heterocycle comprising at least two nitrogen atoms and at least two carbon atoms. Even more preferably, Rb represents a nitrogen heterocycle comprising at least three nitrogen atoms and at least two carbon atoms.
- Rb comprises at least five atoms. Even more preferentially, Rb is chosen from rings comprising five atoms and rings containing six atoms.
- Rb is chosen from rings comprising five atoms and rings containing six atoms, these rings comprising two or three nitrogen atoms, and two, three or four carbon atoms.
- saturated nitrogenous heterocycles for example, the following cycles may be mentioned
- Examples of the monomer of formula (Ia) in which Rb represents a nitrogen-containing bicyclic group include 6-amino-9-vinybenzylpurine (or 9-vinyibenzyladenine), the synthesis of which is described in US6870021 and 9- vinyl-adenine, the synthesis of which is described in US3664991.
- Rb comprises at least one unsaturation, more preferably Rb comprises at least two unsaturations.
- Rb is chosen from rings comprising five atoms and rings containing six atoms chosen from carbon and nitrogen, these rings comprising two or three nitrogen atoms, two, three or four carbon atoms, and at least two unsaturations and quaternary ammoniums derived therefrom by quaternization of a nitrogen atom.
- the monomer mb is chosen from:
- the m monomer b is selected from 1-vinyl-1, 2,4-triazole and 1 - vinyl-1, 2,3-triazole, preferably the monomer b m is 1 -vinyl-1, 2 , 4-triazole and the quaternary ammoniums derived therefrom by quaternization of a nitrogen atom.
- R represents a nitrogenous hydrocarbon chain, linear, branched or cyclic.
- the at least two nitrogen atoms preferably the at least three nitrogen atoms, are part of a function chosen from: a guanidine, alkyl guanidine, aminoguanidine, biguanidine, an amidine function , a polyamine or polyalkylene polyamine chain and the quaternary ammoniums derived therefrom by quaternization of a nitrogen atom.
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- the monomer (m b ) corresponding to formula (I) is advantageously represented by formula (Ib) in which:
- n an integer selected from 0 and 1
- Rd represents a group chosen from the amidine, guanidine, alkylguanidine, aminoguanidine, biguanidine, polyamine and polyalkylenepolyamine groups, one or more of the nitrogen atoms of Rc and / or Rd may be in the form of a quaternary ammonium,
- R1 represents H or CH 3 .
- Rc represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl chain.
- R ', R ", R”, R “” and R “” represent, independently of one another, a C1-C36 alkyl group, preferably a C1-C12 alkyl group, optionally comprising one or more NH 2 functions and one or more bridges -NH-;
- R j represents a C 1 -C 6 , preferably C 2 -C 4 , alkanediyl group, k represents an integer ranging from 1 to 20, preferably from 2 to 12;
- groups Rd chosen from polyamines and polyalkylene polyamines include: ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine.
- the monomer mb is: 1 - (phenylmethyl) -1-vinyl-guanidine
- the copolymer may be prepared according to any known method of polymerization. The various techniques and polymerization conditions are widely described in the literature and fall within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art.
- the copolymer according to the invention was obtained from monomers different from m a and m b , inasmuch as the final copolymer corresponds to that of the invention, that is to say a polymer obtained by copolymerization of at least (m a ) and (m b ) .
- the copolymer by copolymerization of monomers different from (m a ) and (m b ) followed by post-functionalization.
- units derived from an alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) can be obtained from a poly (meth) acrylate moiety, by transesterification reaction with a selected chain length alcohol to form the expected alkyl group.
- the repeating unit comprising a group containing at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms, can be obtained from a polyvinyl moiety functionalized with a precursor group.
- the copolymer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least: a block A consisting of a chain of repeating units comprising an alkyl ester function,
- a block B consisting of a chain of repeating units comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer comprising at least:
- a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from the monomer (m a ) and
- a block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from the monomer (m b ) .
- the block copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of at least the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (m a ) and at least the monomer comprising at least two nitrogen atoms, preferably at least three nitrogen atoms, (m b ).
- the block copolymer can be obtained by sequential polymerization, preferably by sequential and controlled polymerization and optionally followed by one or more post-functionalizations.
- the block copolymer described above is obtained by sequenced and controlled polymerization.
- the polymerization is advantageously chosen from controlled radical polymerization; for example, by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP in English “Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization”); the radical polymerization by nitroxide (NMP in English “Nitroxide-mediated polymerization”); degenerative transfer processes (degenerative transfer processes) such as degenerative iodine transfer polymerization (ITRP-iodine transfer radical polymerization) or radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT in English "Reversible Addition- Fragmentation Chain Transfer”); polymerizations derived from ATRP such as polymerizations using initiators for the continuous regeneration of the activator (ICAR in English “Initiators for continuous activator regeneration") or using activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET in English "activators regenerated by electron transfer ").
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- NMP nitroxide
- degenerative transfer processes degenerative transfer processes
- the sequenced and controlled polymerization is typically carried out in a solvent, under an inert atmosphere, at a reaction temperature generally ranging from 0 to 200 ° C, preferably from 50 ° C to 130 ° C.
- the solvent may be chosen from polar solvents, in particular ethers such as anisole (methoxybenzene) or tetrahydrofuran or apolar solvents, in particular paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics and alkylaromatics having from 1 to 19 carbon atoms. carbon, for example, benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-butene, n-hexane, n-heptane and the like.
- atom transfer radical polymerization For atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), the reaction is generally carried out under vacuum in the presence of an initiator, a ligand and a catalyst.
- a ligand mention may be made of N, N, N ', N ", N" - pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylene tetramine (HMTETA), 2,2'-bipyridine (BPY) and Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine (TPMA).
- PMDETA pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
- HMTETA 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylene tetramine
- BPY 2,2'-bipyridine
- TPMA Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine
- TPMA Tris (2-pyridylmethyl) amine
- the ATRP polymerization is preferably carried out in a solvent chosen from polar solvents.
- the monomer equivalent numbers m a of block A and monomer m b of block B reacted during the polymerization reaction are identical or different and, independently, range from 2 to 40, preferably from 3 to 30, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10.
- the term "number of equivalents" refers to the ratio of the amounts of material (in moles) of the monomers (m a ) of the block A and monomers (m b ) of the B block, used in the polymerization reaction.
- the number of monomer equivalents m a of block A is advantageously greater than or equal to that of monomer m b of block B.
- the molar mass by weight M w of block A or block B is preferably , less than or equal to 15,000 g. mol. "1 , more preferably less than or equal to 10,000 g. Mol. " 1 .
- the block copolymer advantageously comprises at least one sequence of AB, ABA or BAB blocks in which said blocks A and B are linked together without the presence of an intermediate block of a different chemical nature.
- block copolymers may optionally be present in the block copolymer described above insofar as these blocks do not fundamentally change the character of the block copolymer. However, block copolymers containing only A and B blocks will be preferred.
- the blocks A and B represent at least 70% by weight of the total mass of the monomers used in the polymerization reaction, preferably at least 90% by weight, advantageously at least 95% by weight, even better, at least 99% by weight.
- the block copolymer is a diblock copolymer.
- the block copolymer is an alternating block triblock copolymer comprising two blocks A and one block B (ABA) or comprising two blocks B and a block A (BAB).
- the block copolymer also comprises a terminal chain I consisting of a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, C 1 to C 32, preferably C 4 to C 24, hydrocarbon-based chain , more preferably C1 0 to C 24 .
- the term "cyclic hydrocarbon chain” means a hydrocarbon chain at least a part of which is cyclic, in particular aromatic. This definition does not exclude hydrocarbon chains comprising both an acyclic and a cyclic moiety.
- the terminal chain I may comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon chain, for example a benzene chain and / or a linear or branched, saturated and acyclic hydrocarbon-based chain, in particular an alkyl chain.
- the terminal chain I is, preferably, selected from alkyl chains, preferably linear, more preferably alkyl chains of at least 4 carbon atoms, even more preferably of at least 12 carbon atoms.
- the terminal chain I is located in the terminal position of the block copolymer. It can be introduced into the block copolymer by means of the polymerization initiator.
- the terminal chain I may, advantageously, constitute at least a part of the polymerization initiator and is positioned within the polymerization initiator in order to introduce, during the first polymerization initiation step. , the terminal chain I in the terminal position of the block copolymer.
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, chosen from the initiators of free radicals used in the ATRP polymerization process. These free radical initiators well known to those skilled in the art are described in particular in the article "Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: current status and future prospects, Macromolecules, 45, 4015-4039, 2012".
- the polymerization initiator is, for example, selected from alkyl esters of a halide-substituted carboxylic acid, preferably a bromine in the alpha position, for example ethyl 2-bromopropionate, a-bromoisobutyrate. ethyl chloride, benzyl choride or bromide, ethyl ⁇ -bromophenylacetate and chloroethylbenzene.
- ethyl 2-bromopropionate may make it possible to introduce into the copolymer the terminal chain I in the form of a C 2 alkyl chain and benzyl bromide in the form of a benzyl group.
- the transfer agent can conventionally be removed from the copolymer at the end of the polymerization according to any known method.
- the terminal chain I can be obtained by the methods described in the article by Moad, G. et al., Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2012, 65, 985-1076.
- the terminal chain I may, for example, be introduced by aminolysis when a transfer agent is used.
- the block copolymer is a diblock copolymer (also called diblocks)
- the block copolymer structure may be of the IAB or IBA type, advantageously IAB.
- terminal chain I may be directly linked to block A or B according to the structure IAB or IBA respectively, or to be linked via a linking group, for example an ester, amide, amine or ether function.
- the link then forms a bridge between the terminal chain I and the block A or B.
- the block copolymer can also be functionalized at the end of the chain according to any known method, in particular by hydrolysis, aminolysis and / or nucleophilic substitution.
- aminolysis is meant any chemical reaction in which a molecule is split into two parts by reaction of a molecule of ammonia or an amine.
- a general example of aminolysis is to replace a halogen of an alkyl group by reaction with an amine, with removal of hydrogen halide.
- Aminolysis can be used, for example, for ATRP polymerization which produces a copolymer having a terminal halide or for RAFT polymerization to remove the thio, dithio or trithio linkage introduced into the copolymer by the RAFT transfer agent. It is thus possible to introduce a terminal chain ⁇ by post-functionalization of the block copolymer obtained by sequenced and controlled polymerization of the monomers m a and m b described above.
- the terminal chain I 'advantageously comprises a hydrocarbon chain, linear, branched or cyclic, C 1 to C 32, preferably C 1 to C 24 , more preferably C 1 to C 0 , still more preferably an alkyl group, optionally substituted by a or more groups containing at least one heteroatom selected from N and O, preferably N.
- this functionalization may, for example, be carried out by treating the IAB or IBA copolymer obtained by ATRP with a primary alkylamine to C 32 alcohol or a Ci to C32 under mild conditions so as not to change these functions on the blocks a, B and I.
- the m monomer b is selected from 1-vinyltriazole (1-ethenyl-1, 2,3-triazole), 1-vinyl-1, 2,4-triazole, benzotriazole vinyl, vinyl adenine, vinyl triazine, 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl triazine, and 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (CAS 3194-70-5).
- the block copolymer is as described above and the block B is a block B1 consisting of a chain of structural units derived from at least one monomer chosen from: 1-vinyltriazole, 1 -vinyl-1,2,4-triazole, vinyl benzotriazole, vinyl adenine, vinyl triazine, 2,4-dimethyl-6-vinyl triazine, 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (CAS 3194-70-5).
- the block copolymer comprises, in particular, at least one block sequence ABi, ABiA or ⁇ where blocks A and Bi are linked together without the presence of intermediate blocks of different chemical nature.
- the block copolymer comprises, in particular, at least one block sequence ABi, ABiA or ⁇ where blocks A and Bi are linked together without the presence of intermediate blocks of different chemical nature.
- the block copolymer is represented by the following formula (Ma) or formula (Mb):
- R and R1 are as defined above in formula (I)
- y is an integer ranging from 2 to 40, preferably from 3 to 30, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10
- z is an integer ranging from 2 to 40, preferably from 3 to 30, more preferably from 4 to 20, even more preferably from 5 to 10,
- R 2 is chosen from alkyl groups, linear, branched or cyclic, preferably acyclic, C 6 to C 34 , preferably C 6 to C 3 o, more preferably C 6 to C 24 , even more preferably C 8 to C22,
- R 3 is chosen from hydrogen and the methyl group
- R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
- halogens preferably bromine
- R 5 and R 6 are identical or different, and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups C1 to Ci 0, preferably alkyl to C 4, linear or branched, more preferably a methyl group ,
- RAFT reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer
- RAFT transfer agents are well known to those skilled in the art.
- a wide variety of RAFT transfer agents are available or quite easily synthesizable.
- thiocarbonylthio, dithiocarbonate, xanthate, dithiocarbamate and trithiocarbonate transfer agents for example S, S-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethyl- ⁇ -acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (BDMAT or 2-cyano-2-propylbenzodithioate
- BDMAT S-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethyl- ⁇ -acetic acid) trithiocarbonate
- 2-cyano-2-propylbenzodithioate 2-cyano-2-propylbenzodithioate
- R is chosen from the groupings
- Ra, Rb and n are as defined above for formula (la),
- the block A corresponds to the repeated pattern y times and the block B to the repeated pattern z times.
- the R 7 group may consist of the terminal chain I as described above and / or the R 4 group may consist of the end chain I as described above.
- copolymer described above is particularly advantageous when it is used, alone or as a mixture, as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- the block copolymer described above has remarkable properties as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine.
- detergent additive liquid fuel an additive which is incorporated in a small amount in the liquid fuel and has an effect on the cleanliness of said engine compared to said liquid fuel not specially additivé.
- the liquid fuel is advantageously derived from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, vegetable and synthetic. Oil will preferably be chosen as a mineral source.
- the liquid fuel is preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, alone or as a mixture.
- the hydrocarbon fuels include, in particular, middle distillates having a boiling point of between 100 and 500 ° C. or lighter distillates having a boiling point in the gasoline range.
- These distillates may, for example, be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates obtained from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, distillates resulting from methods of conversion type ARDS (in English "atmospheric residue desulfuration") and / or visbreaking, distillates from the valuation of Fischer Tropsch cuts.
- Hydrocarbon fuels are typically gasolines and gas oils (also called diesel fuel).
- the gasolines include, in particular, any commercially available gasoline engine fuel compositions.
- any commercially available gasoline engine fuel compositions As a representative example, mention may be made of species that comply with the NF EN 228 standard. The essences generally have octane numbers that are sufficiently high to prevent the phenomenon of knocking.
- gasoline fuels marketed in Europe, compliant with the NF EN 228 standard have a motor octane number (MON) of greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON in English). Research Octane Number ”) of a minimum of 95.
- Gasoline fuels generally have an RON between 90 and 100 and a MON between 80 and 90, the RON and MON being measured according to ASTM D 2699- 86 or D 2700-86.
- Gas oils include, in particular, any commercially available diesel fuel compositions. As a representative example, mention may be made of gas oils that comply with the NF EN 590 standard.
- Non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels include, in particular, oxygenated fuels, for example distillates resulting from BTL conversion (in English "biomass to liquid") of plant and / or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination; biofuels, for example oils and / or esters of oils vegetable and / or animal; biodiesels of animal and / or vegetable origin and bioethanols.
- hydrocarbon fuel and hydrocarbon fuel are not essentially typically type B x gas oils or of type E x species.
- Diesel gasoline type B x for a diesel engine means a diesel fuel which contains x% (v / v) of vegetable or animal oil esters (including used cooking oils) converted by a chemical process called transesterification, obtained by reacting this oil with an alcohol to obtain fatty acid esters (EAG). With methanol and ethanol, fatty acid methyl esters (EMAG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (EEAG) are obtained respectively.
- EAG fatty acid methyl esters
- EEAG fatty acid ethyl esters
- the letter “B” followed by a number indicates the percentage of EAG contained in the diesel fuel.
- a B99 contains 99% of EAG and 1% of middle distillates of fossil origin (mineral source), B20, 20% of EAG and 80% of middle distillates of fossil origin, etc.
- Type B 0 gas oils which do not contain oxygenated compounds
- Bx type gas oils which contain x% (v / v) of vegetable oil or fatty acid esters, most often methyl esters (EMHV or EMAG) .
- EAG methyl esters
- B100 the term fuel is designated by the term B100.
- Gasoline type E x for petrol engines means a petrol fuel which contains x% (v / v) of oxygenates, usually ethanol, bioethanol and / or ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE )
- the sulfur content of the liquid fuel is preferably less than or equal to 5000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm, and more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm, or even less than or equal to 10 ppm and advantageously without sulfur. .
- the copolymer described above is used as a detergent additive in the liquid fuel at a content, preferably at least 10 ppm, preferably at least 50 ppm, more preferably at a content ranging from 10 to 5,000 ppm, more preferably more preferably from 10 to 1000 ppm.
- the use of a copolymer as described previously in the liquid fuel makes it possible to maintain the cleanliness of at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine and / or to clean at least one of the internal parts of the internal combustion engine.
- the use of the copolymer in the liquid fuel makes it possible, in particular, to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine (keep-clean effect) and / or to reduce the deposits existing in least one of the internal parts of said engine (effect "clean-up" in English).
- the use of the copolymer in the liquid fuel makes it possible to observe an effect of limiting or preventing the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine or an effect of reducing deposits existing in at least one of the parts internal of said engine, compared to liquid fuel not specially additivé.
- the use of the copolymer in the liquid fuel makes it possible to observe both the effects, limitation (or prevention) and reduction of deposits ("keep-clean” and "clean-up” effects).
- Deposits are distinguished according to the type of internal combustion engine and the location of deposits in the internal parts of said engine.
- the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine, preferably direct injection (DISI in English "Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine”).
- the targeted deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts of said spark ignition engine.
- the internal part of the spark-ignition engine kept clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaned (clean-up) is advantageously chosen from the intake system of the engine, in particular the intake valves (IVD). Intake Valve Deposit "), the" Combustion Chamber Deposit “(CCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (PFI in English "Port Fuel Injector") or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably a direct injection diesel engine, in particular a diesel engine. Diesel engine with Common Rail Injection System (CRDI).
- the targeted deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts of said diesel engine.
- the targeted deposits are located in the injection system of the diesel engine, preferably located on an external part of an injector of said injection system, for example the nose of the injector and / or on an internal part. of an injector of said injection system (IDID in English "Internai Diesel Injector Deposits"), for example on the surface of an injector needle.
- the deposits may consist of deposits related to the phenomenon of coking ("coking" in English) and / or deposits soap and / or varnish (in English "lacquering”).
- the copolymer as described above may advantageously be used in the liquid fuel to reduce and / or prevent and / or avoid the loss of power due to the formation of deposits in the internal parts of a direct injection diesel engine, said loss of power being determined according to CEC Standard F-98-08 Engine Test Method.
- the copolymer as described above may advantageously be used in the liquid fuel to reduce and / or prevent and / or avoid the restriction of the fuel flow emitted by the injector of a direct injection diesel engine during its operation. , said flux restriction being determined according to the CEC engine test method F-23-1-01.
- copolymer as described above advantageously makes it possible to obtain an effect of limiting or preventing the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine or an effect of reducing deposits existing in at least one of one of the internal parts of said engine, on at least one type of depots described above.
- the use of the copolymer described above also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.
- the use of the copolymer described above also makes it possible to reduce the emissions of pollutants, in particular the particulate emissions of the internal combustion engine.
- the use of the copolymer makes it possible to reduce both the fuel consumption and the pollutant emissions.
- copolymer described above may be used alone, in the form of a mixture of at least two of said copolymers or in the form of a concentrate.
- the copolymer may be added to the liquid fuel within a refinery and / or incorporated downstream of the refinery and / or optionally mixed with other additives in the form of an additive concentrate, also called the use "additive package".
- copolymer described above can be used as a mixture in an organic liquid in the form of a concentrate.
- a fuel concentrate comprises one or more copolymers as described above, mixed with an organic liquid.
- the organic liquid is inert with respect to the copolymer described above and miscible in the liquid fuel described above.
- miscible means that the copolymer and the organic liquid form a solution or a dispersion so as to facilitate the mixing of the copolymer in liquid fuels according to the conventional fuel additive processes.
- miscible is meant in the sense of the present invention that the organic liquid and the liquid fuel, when mixed, in all proportions, at room temperature, form a solution.
- the organic liquid is advantageously chosen from aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent sold under the name "SOLVESSO", alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds and paraffinic solvents such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins. alone or in mixture.
- the concentrate may advantageously comprise from 5 to 99% by weight, preferably from 10 to 80%, more preferably from 25 to 70% of copolymer (s) as described above.
- the concentrate may, typically, comprise from 1 to 95% by weight, preferably from 10 to 70%, more preferably from 25 to 60% of organic liquid, the remainder corresponding to the copolymer defined above, it being understood that the concentrate may comprise one or several copolymers as described above.
- solubility of the copolymer in the organic liquids and liquid fuels described above will depend in particular on the average molar masses by weight and by number, respectively M w and M n of the copolymer.
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymer will be chosen so that the copolymer is soluble in the liquid fuel and / or the organic liquid of the concentrate for which it is intended.
- the average molar masses M w and M n of the copolymer may also have an influence on the effectiveness of this copolymer as a detergent additive.
- the average molar masses M w and M n will therefore be chosen so as to optimize the effect of the copolymer, in particular the detergency effect (engine cleanliness) in the liquid fuels described above.
- the copolymer advantageously has a weight average molecular weight M w ranging from 500 to 30,000 g. mol “1 , preferably from 1000 to 10,000 g, mol " 1 , more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g. mol “1 , and / or a number average molar mass M n ranging from 500 to 15,000 g mol -1 , preferably from 1000 to 10,000 g. mol "1 , more preferably less than or equal to 4000 g, mol " 1 .
- the number and weight average molar masses are measured by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC).
- the copolymer is used in the form of an additive concentrate in combination with at least one other fuel additive for an internal combustion engine other than the copolymer described above.
- the additive concentrate may typically comprise one or more other additives selected from detergent additives different from the copolymer described above, for example from anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot), cloud point improvers, pour point, TLF ("Filterability Limit Temperature”), anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and conductivity modifiers.
- detergent additives different from the copolymer described above, for example from anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot), cloud point improvers, pour point, TLF ("Filterability Limit Temperature”), anti-settling agents,
- procetane additives in particular (but not limited to) selected from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate, aryl peroxides, preferably benzyl peroxide, and alkyl peroxides, preferably ter-butyl peroxide;
- anti-foam additives in particular (but not limited to) selected from polysiloxanes, oxyalkylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides from vegetable or animal oils. Examples of such additives are given in EP861882, EP663000, EP736590;
- CFI Cold Flow Improver
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers
- EVE ethylene / vinyl propionate
- EMMA ethylene / vinyl ethanoate
- alkyl fumarate described, for example, in US3048479, US3627838, US3790359, US3961961 and EP261957;
- lubricity additives or anti-wear agents in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and monocarboxylic acid derivatives and polycyclic.
- lubricity additives or anti-wear agents are given in the following documents: EP680506, EP860494, WO98 / 04656, EP915944, FR2772783, FR2772784;
- cloud point additives including (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of long-chain olefin terpolymers / (meth) acrylic ester / maleimide ester, and fumaric / maleic acid ester polymers. Examples of such additives are given in FR2528051, FR2528051, FR2528423, EP1 12195, EP172758, EP271385, EP291367;
- detergent additives including (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of succinimides, polyetheramines and quaternary ammonium salts; for example those described in US4171959 and WO2006135881;
- polyfunctional cold operability additives selected from the group consisting of olefin and alkenyl nitrate polymers as described in EP573490.
- additives are generally added in an amount ranging from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm (each).
- the molar and / or mass ratio between the monomer mb and the monomer m a and / or between the block A and B or Bi in the copolymer described above will be chosen so that the block copolymer is soluble in the fuel and / or the organic liquid of the concentrate for which it is intended. Likewise, this ratio can be optimized according to the fuel and / or the organic liquid so as to obtain the best effect on engine cleanliness.
- the molar ratio between the monomer m b and the monomer m a or between the blocks A and B or Bi in the copolymer described above is, advantageously, from 1: 10 to 10: 1, preferably from 1: 2 to 2 : 1, more preferably from 1: 0.5 to 0.5: 2.
- a fuel composition is prepared according to any known method by adding the liquid fuel described above with at least one copolymer as described above.
- the fuel composition comprises: (1) a fuel as described above, and
- the fuel (1) is, in particular, chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels previously described, taken alone or as a mixture.
- the combustion of this fuel composition comprising such a copolymer in an internal combustion engine has an effect on the cleanliness of the engine compared to the liquid fuel that is not particularly additive and allows, in particular, to prevent or reduce the fouling of the internal parts of said engine. .
- the effect on the cleanliness of the engine is as previously described in the context of the use of the copolymer.
- the combustion of the fuel composition comprising such a copolymer in an internal combustion engine also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption and / or the pollutant emissions.
- the copolymer (2) is preferably incorporated in a small amount in the liquid fuel described above, the amount of copolymer being sufficient to produce a detergent effect as described above and thus improve engine cleanliness.
- the fuel composition advantageously comprises at least 10 ppm, preferably at least 50 ppm, more preferably from 10 to 5000 ppm, in particular from 10 to 1000 ppm of copolymer (s) (2).
- the fuel composition may also comprise one or more other additives different from the copolymer according to the invention chosen from the other known detergent additives, for example from anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foaming agents, biocides, re-deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot), cloud point improving agents, pour point, TLF, anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and / or conductivity modifiers.
- the other additives different from the copolymer according to the invention chosen from the other known detergent additives, for example from anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foaming agents, biocides, re
- a method of keeping clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaning (clean-up) of at least one of the internal parts of an internal combustion engine comprises at least the following steps :
- the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine, preferably direct injection (DISI).
- DISI direct injection
- the inner part kept clean and / or cleaned of the spark ignition engine is preferably selected from the engine intake system, in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (IFP) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the engine intake system in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the fuel injection system, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (IFP) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
- the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, preferably a direct injection diesel engine, in particular a diesel engine with Common Rail injection systems (IDRC).
- a direct injection diesel engine in particular a diesel engine with Common Rail injection systems (IDRC).
- IDRC Common Rail injection systems
- the internal part kept clean (keep-clean) and / or cleaned (clean-up) of the diesel engine is preferably the injection system of the diesel engine, preferably an external part of an injector of said injection system for example the nose of the injector and / or one of the internal parts of an injector of said injection system, for example the surface of an injector needle.
- the keep-clean and / or clean-up process advantageously comprises the successive steps of:
- the copolymer or copolymers can be incorporated in the fuel, alone or in mixture, successively or simultaneously. Alternatively, the copolymer (s) may be used in the form of a concentrate or an additive concentrate as described above.
- Step a) is carried out according to any known method and is common practice in the field of additive fuel. This step involves defining at least one representative characteristic of the detergency properties of the fuel composition.
- the representative characteristic of the fuel's detergency properties will depend on the type of internal combustion engine, for example diesel or gasoline, the direct or indirect injection system and the location in the engine of the targeted deposits for cleaning and / or maintenance. cleanliness.
- the characteristic characteristic of the fuel detergency properties may, for example, correspond to the power loss due to the formation of the deposits in the injectors or the restriction of the fuel flow emitted by the injector at the fuel injector. during the operation of said engine.
- the representative characteristic of the detergency properties may also correspond to the appearance of lacquering deposits at the injector needle (IDID).
- the amount of copolymer may also vary depending on the nature and origin of the fuel, particularly depending on the level of n-alkyl, iso-alkyl or n-alkenyl substituted compounds. Thus, the nature and origin of the fuel may also be a factor to consider for step a).
- the keep-clean and / or clean-up method may also include an additional step after step b) of checking the target reached and / or adjusting the rate of additivation with the copolymer (s) as a detergent additive.
- the copolymers according to the invention have remarkable properties as a detergent additive in a liquid fuel, in particular in a diesel or gasoline fuel, in particular block copolymers.
- the copolymers according to the invention, in particular the block copolymers according to the invention are particularly remarkable especially because they are effective as a detergent additive for a wide range of liquid fuel and / or for one or more types of motorization and / or or against one or more types of deposits that form in the internal parts of the internal combustion engines.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1563099A FR3045657B1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2015-12-22 | Additif detergent pour carburant et copolymeres utilisables dans cette application |
PCT/FR2016/053557 WO2017109369A1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2016-12-19 | Additif détergent pour carburant et copolymères utilisables dans cette application |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3394118A1 true EP3394118A1 (fr) | 2018-10-31 |
Family
ID=55411625
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16826403.4A Withdrawn EP3394118A1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2016-12-19 | Additif détergent pour carburant et copolymères utilisables dans cette application |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180371345A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3394118A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20180094094A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN108431056A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112018012817A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3007914A1 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA201891193A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3045657B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2018007643A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017109369A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA201804069B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020109568A1 (fr) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-04 | Total Marketing Services | Composé d'amidoamine grasse quaternaire destiné à être utilisé comme additif pour carburant |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2945006A (en) * | 1959-03-05 | 1960-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Reaction products of carbonyl containing polymers and aminoguanidine that are usefulas mordants |
NL300481A (fr) * | 1962-11-13 | |||
US4508882A (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1985-04-02 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Benzotriazole compound and homopolymer or copolymers thereof |
US5011504A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fuel oil additives |
DE3930142A1 (de) * | 1989-09-09 | 1991-03-21 | Roehm Gmbh | Dispergierwirksame viskositaets-index-verbesserer |
US5672183A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1997-09-30 | Petrolite Corporation | Anti-static additives for hydrocarbons |
WO2010104837A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-16 | Isp Investments Inc. | Régioisomères de 1,2,3-triazoles à substitution vinyle en 4 et 5 fonctionnalisés par cycloaddition 1,3-dipolaire et leurs polymères |
FR3017876B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-24 | 2016-03-11 | Total Marketing Services | Composition d'additifs et carburant de performance comprenant une telle composition |
-
2015
- 2015-12-22 FR FR1563099A patent/FR3045657B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-12-19 KR KR1020187020499A patent/KR20180094094A/ko unknown
- 2016-12-19 CA CA3007914A patent/CA3007914A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-19 EP EP16826403.4A patent/EP3394118A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-19 EA EA201891193A patent/EA201891193A1/ru unknown
- 2016-12-19 US US16/065,273 patent/US20180371345A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-19 WO PCT/FR2016/053557 patent/WO2017109369A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-12-19 CN CN201680075714.6A patent/CN108431056A/zh active Pending
- 2016-12-19 MX MX2018007643A patent/MX2018007643A/es unknown
- 2016-12-19 BR BR112018012817A patent/BR112018012817A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2018
- 2018-06-18 ZA ZA2018/04069A patent/ZA201804069B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ZHU YU ET AL: "Photoresponsive diblock copolymers bearing strong push-pull azo chromophores and mesogenic biphenyl groups", DYES AND PIGMENTS, ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS. BARKING, GB, vol. 97, no. 1, 27 December 2012 (2012-12-27), pages 222 - 229, XP028969407, ISSN: 0143-7208, DOI: 10.1016/J.DYEPIG.2012.12.014 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108431056A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
FR3045657A1 (fr) | 2017-06-23 |
WO2017109369A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 |
FR3045657B1 (fr) | 2020-09-11 |
KR20180094094A (ko) | 2018-08-22 |
MX2018007643A (es) | 2018-09-21 |
ZA201804069B (en) | 2019-04-24 |
EA201891193A1 (ru) | 2018-12-28 |
BR112018012817A2 (pt) | 2018-12-04 |
US20180371345A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
CA3007914A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 |
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