Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
  • B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
  • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
  • B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
  • B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
  • B01J29/74—Noble metals
  • B01J29/743—CHA-type, e.g. Chabazite, LZ-218
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
  • B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
  • B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
  • B01J29/74—Noble metals
  • B01J29/7476—MWW-type, e.g. MCM-22, ERB-1, ITQ-1, PSH-3 or SSZ-25
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D—SEPARATION
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  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
  • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
  • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
  • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
  • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
  • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D—SEPARATION
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  • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
  • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
  • B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
  • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
  • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
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  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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  • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
  • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
  • B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
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  • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
  • B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
  • B01J29/44—Noble metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J29/50—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the erionite or offretite type, e.g. zeolite T, as exemplified by patent document US2950952
  • B01J29/52—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the erionite or offretite type, e.g. zeolite T, as exemplified by patent document US2950952 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J29/52—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the erionite or offretite type, e.g. zeolite T, as exemplified by patent document US2950952 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01J29/65—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the ferrierite type, e.g. types ZSM-21, ZSM-35 or ZSM-38, as exemplified by patent documents US4046859, US4016245 and US4046859, respectively
  • B01J29/66—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the ferrierite type, e.g. types ZSM-21, ZSM-35 or ZSM-38, as exemplified by patent documents US4046859, US4016245 and US4046859, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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  • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
  • B01D2255/50—Zeolites
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
  • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
  • B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
  • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
  • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
  • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
  • B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
  • B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
  • B01J2229/183—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself in framework positions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
  • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
  • B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
  • B01J37/0027—Powdering
  • B01J37/0036—Grinding

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of a palladium and platinum-coated zeolite as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber for the passive incorporation of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
• the exhaust of motor vehicles which are operated with lean-burn internal combustion engines, for example with diesel engines, in addition to carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) also contains components resulting from the incomplete combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber of the cylinder.
• HC residual hydrocarbons
• these include particulate emissions, which are also referred to as “diesel soot” or “soot particles”.
• Diesel soot particulate emissions
• These are complex agglomerates of predominantly carbon-containing solid particles and an adhering liquid phase, which mostly consists of relatively long-chain hydrocarbon condensates.
• the liquid phase adhering to the solid components is also referred to as "Soluble Organic Fraction SOP" or "Volatile Organic Fraction VOF”.
• Wall flow filters made of ceramic materials have proven particularly useful. These are composed of a plurality of parallel channels formed by porous walls. The channels are mutually closed at one of the two ends of the filter to form first channels which are open on the first side of the filter and closed on the second side of the filter, and second channels which are closed on the first side of the filter and are open on the second side of the filter. For example, in the first channels incoming exhaust gas can leave the filter only through the second channels again and must flow through the porous walls between the first and second channels for this purpose. As the exhaust passes through the wall, the particles are retained.
• particle filters can be provided with catalytically active coatings.
• EP1820561 Al describes the coating of a diesel particulate filter with a catalyst layer, which facilitates the burning of the filtered soot particles.
• One known method of removing nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases in the presence of oxygen is the selective catalytic reduction by means of ammonia on a suitable catalyst (SCR process). In this method, the nitrogen oxides to be removed from the exhaust gas are reacted with ammonia as a reducing agent to nitrogen and water.
• iron and in particular copper-exchanged zeolites can be used as SCR catalysts, see, for example, WO2008 / 106519 A1, WO2008 / 118434 A1 and WO2008 / 132452 A2.
• SCR catalysts for the conversion of nitrogen oxides with ammonia contain no noble metals, in particular no platinum and no palladium. Namely, in the presence of these metals, the oxidation of ammonia with oxygen to nitrogen oxides would proceed preferentially and the SCR reaction
• SCR catalysts this does not refer to the N H3-SCR reaction, but to the reduction of nitrogen oxides by means of hydrocarbons, however, the latter reaction is only slightly selective, so that instead of “SCR reaction "true” HC-DeNOx reaction "is called.
• ammonia used as a reducing agent can be prepared by metering in an ammonia precursor compound, such as, for example, urea,
• Ammonium carbamate or ammonium formate are made available in the exhaust line and subsequent hydrolysis.
• SCR catalysts have the disadvantage that they only work from an exhaust gas temperature of about 180 to 200 ° C and thus do not implement nitrogen oxides that are formed in the cold start phase of the engine.
• nitrogen oxide storage catalysts for which the term "Lean NOx trap" or "LN ⁇ P is common, known ..
• Their cleaning effect is based on that in a lean phase of operation of the engine, the nitrogen oxides
• Storage material of the storage catalyst are stored mainly in the form of nitrates and this decomposed in a subsequent rich phase of operation of the engine again and the thus released nitrogen oxides are reacted with the reducing exhaust gas components on the storage catalyst to nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water. This procedure is described for example in SAE SAE 950809.
• storage materials are in particular oxides, carbonates or
• Hydroxides of magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, the alkali metals, the rare earth metals or mixtures thereof in question Due to their basic properties, these compounds are capable of forming nitrates with the acidic nitrogen oxides of the exhaust gas and of storing them in this way. They are deposited to produce a large interaction surface with the exhaust gas in the highest possible dispersion on suitable carrier materials.
• nitrogen oxide storage catalysts usually contain precious metals such as platinum, palladium and / or rhodium
• the US2014 / 322112 describes a zoning of the coating of the particulate filter with nitrogen oxide storage catalyst such that a zone, starting from the upstream end of the particulate filter in the
• Operating phase of the engine stored and released in a subsequent rich operating phase is also referred to as active nitrogen oxide storage.
• nitrogen oxides are stored in a first temperature range and released again in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range at higher
• Temperatures are the first temperature range.
• passive nitrogen oxide storage catalysts are used, which are also referred to as PNA (for "passive NOx adsorber").
• nitrogen oxides in particular at temperatures below 200 ° C., at which an SCR catalytic converter has not yet reached its operating temperature, can be stored and released again as soon as the SCR catalytic converter is ready for operation.
• a zeolite containing, for example, palladium and another metal, such as iron is known to use as a passive nitrogen oxide storage catalyst.
• WO2015 / 085303 AI discloses passive nitrogen oxide storage catalysts containing a noble metal and a small pore molecular sieve with a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms.
• Modern and future diesel engines are becoming increasingly efficient, as a result of which exhaust gas temperatures are also falling.
• legislation on nitrogen oxide sales is becoming increasingly stringent.
• SCR catalysts alone are no longer sufficient to meet the nitrogen oxide limits.
• technical solutions which ensure that nitrogen oxides formed in the cold start phase of the engine do not escape into the environment.
• technical solutions must ensure that stored nitrogen oxides are as completely as possible released (desorbed) in the operating window of a downstream SCR catalytic converter.
• the present invention accordingly relates to the use of a
• Catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of length L and a coating A comprising a zeolite, palladium and platinum, wherein palladium in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium and calculated as palladium metal, and Platinum in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, based on the weight of palladium and calculated as platinum metal present, as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber which stores nitrogen oxides in a first temperature range and releases again in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is at higher temperatures than the first
• Zeolites are two- or three-dimensional structures whose smallest structures Si0 4 and Al0 4 tetrahedra can be considered. These tetrahedra combine to form larger structures, with two each connected via a common oxygen atom.
• rings of different sizes can be formed, for example rings of four, six or even nine tetrahedrally coordinated silicon or aluminum atoms.
• the different zeolite types are often defined by the largest ring size, because this size determines which guest molecules can and can not penetrate into the zeolite structure. It is common to distinguish large pore zeolites with a maximum ring size of 12, medium pore zeolites with a maximum ring size of 10 and small pore zeolites with a maximum ring size of 8.
• Zeolites are further subdivided into structure types by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association, each of which has a three-letter code, see, for example, Atlas of Zeolite
• the use according to the invention comprises a zeolite which may be large pore, medium pore or small pore.
• the use according to the invention comprises a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 6 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and which contains, for example, the structure types AFG, AST, DOH, FAR, FRA, GIU, LIO, LOS, MAR, MEP, MSO, MTN, NON RUT, SGT, SOD, SVV, TOL or UOZ.
• a zeolite of the structural type AFG isrielite.
• Structure-type zeolites AST are AIPO-16 and octadecasil.
• a zeolite of the structural type DOH is
• a zeolite of the structural type FAR is farneseite.
• a zeolite of the structural type FRA is Franzinit.
• a zeolite of the structural type GIU is
• a zeolite of the structural type LIO is Liottit. Zeolites from
• Structure type LOS are Losod and Bystrit.
• a zeolite of the structural type MAR is marinellite.
• a zeolite of the structural type MEP is melanophlogite.
• MSO-type zeolites are MCM-61 and Mu-13.
• Structure-type zeolites MTN are ZSM-39, CF-4, Docecasil-3C and Holdstit.
• NON-type zeolites are Nonasil, CF-3 and ZSM-51.
• Structure type RUT zeolites are RUB-10 and Nu-1.
• a zeolite of the structural type SGT is Sigma-2.
• Zeolites of the structural type SOD are sodalite, AIPO-20, biculonite, danalite, G,
• a zeolite of the structural type UOZ is IM-10.
• the use according to the invention preferably comprises a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 6 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and which belongs to the structural type SOD.
• a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 8 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and which are of the structural types ABW, ACO, AEI, AEN, AFN, AFT, AFV, AFX, ANA, APC, APD, ATN, ATT, ATV, AVL, AWO, AWW, BCT, BIK, BRE, CAS, CDO, CHA, GDR, DFT, EAB, EDI, EEI, EPI, ERI, ESV, ETL, GIS, GOO, IFY, IHW, IRN, ITE, ITW, JBW, JNT, JOZ, JSN, JSW, KFI, LEV, -LIT, LTA, LTJ, LTN, MER, MON, MTF, MWF, NPT, NSI, OWE, PAU, PHI, RHO, RTH, RWR, SAS, SAT, SAV, SBN , SIV, THO
• a zeolite of the structural type ABW is Li-A.
• a zeolite of the structural type ACO is ACP-1.
• Zeolites of the structure type AEI are SAPO-18, SIZ-8 and SSZ-39.
• AEN-type zeolites are AIPO-53, IST-2, JDF-2, MCS-1, Mu-10 and UiO-12-500.
• a zeolite of the structural type AFT is AIPO-52.
• Structure-type zeolites AFX are SAPO-56 and SSZ-16.
• Structure type ANA zeolites are Analcim, AIPO-24, Leucite, Na-B, Pollucite and Wairakite.
• Structure-type zeolites APC are AIPO-C and AIPO-H3.
• Structure-type zeolites APD are AIPO-D and APO-CJ3.
• Structure-type zeolites ATN are MAPO-39 and SAPO-39.
• Structure-type zeolites ATT are AIPO-33 and RMA-3.
• An ATV-type zeolite is AIPO-25.
• a zeolite of the structure type AWO is AIPO-21.
• An AWW-type zeolite is AIPO-22.
• Structure-type zeolites BCT are Metavariscite and Svyatoslavit. A zeolite from
• Structure type BIK is Bikitait.
• Structure-type zeolites BRE are Brewsterite and CIT-4.
• a zeolite of the structural type CAS is EU-20b.
• Structure-type zeolites CDO are CDS-1, MCM-65 and UZM-25. Zeolites from
• CHA Structural types CHA are AIPO-34, chabazite, DAF-5, Linde-D, Linde-R, LZ-218, Phi, SAPO-34, SAPO-47, SSZ-13, UiO-21, Willherson soonite, ZK-14 and ZYT - 6.
• zeolites of the structure type DDR are Sigma-1 and ZSM-58.
• Structure-type zeolites DFT are DAF-2 and ACP-3.
• EAB-type zeolites are TMA-E and Bellbergite.
• EDI-type zeolites are Edingtonite, K-F, Linde F and Zeolite N.
• ERI-type zeolites are erionite, AIPO-17, Linde T, LZ-220, SAPO-17 and ZSM-34.
• a zeolite of the structural type ESV is ERS-7.
• Structure-type zeolites GIS are gismondine, amicite, garronite, gobbinsite, MAPO-43, Na-Pl, Na-P2 and SAPO-43.
• Structure type IHW is ITQ-3.
• ITE-type zeolites are ITQ-3, Mu-14 and SSZ-36.
• An ITW-type zeolite is ITQ-12.
• Structure-type zeolites JBW are Na-J and Nepheline.
• Zeolites of the structural type KFI are ZK-5, P and Q.
• LEV structural type zeolites are Levyne, Levynit, AIP-35, LZ-132, NU-3, SAPO-35 and ZK-20.
• a zeolite of the structural type -LIT is Lithosit.
• LTA-type zeolites are Linde type A, alpha, ITQ-29, LZ-215, N-A, UZM-9, SAPO-42, ZK-21, ZK-22 and ZK-4. Zeolites from
• Structure type LTN are Linde type N and NaZ-21.
• MER-type zeolites are Merlinoite, KM, Linde W, and Zeolite W.
• MTF-type zeolites are MCM-35 and UTM-1.
• NSI-type zeolites are Nu-6 (2) and EU-20.
• Zeolites of the structural type OWE are UiO-28 and ACP-2.
• Zeolites of the structural type PAU are Paulimgit and ECR-18.
• Zeolites of the structural type PHI are Philippsit, DAF-8, Harmotom, Wellsit and ZK-19.
• Structure-type zeolites RHO are Rho and LZ-214.
• Structure-type zeolites RTH are RUB-13, SSZ-36 and SSZ-50.
• a structural type zeolite RWR is RUB-24.
• Structural type zeolites are STA-6 and SSZ-73.
• a zeolite of the structure type SAT is STA-2.
• Structure-type zeolites SBN are UCSB-89 and SU-46.
• a zeolite of the structural type SIV is SIZ-7.
• a zeolite from RUB-24 is RUB-24.
• Structural type zeolites are STA-6 and SSZ-73.
• a zeolite of the structure type SAT is STA-2.
• Structure-type zeolites SBN are UCSB-89 and SU-46.
• a zeolite of the structural type SIV is SIZ-7.
• Structure type THO is thomsonite.
• a zeolite of the structure type UEI is Mu-18.
• a zeolite of the structural type UFI is UZM-5.
• a zeolite of the structural type VNI is VPI-9.
• Structure-type zeolites YUG are Yugawaralit and Sr-Q.
• ZON-type zeolites are ZAPO-M1 and UiO-7.
• the use according to the invention preferably comprises a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 8 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and which belongs to the structure type ABW, AEI, AFX, CHA, ERI, ESV, KFI, LEV or LTA.
• zeolites of the structure type AEI is described, for example, in US 2015/118150, that of SSZ-39 in US Pat. No. 5,958,370.
• Structure-type zeolites AFX are known from WO2016 / 077667 AI.
• Structure-type zeolites CHA are extensively described in the literature, see for example US 4,544,538 for SSZ-13.
• ZK-5 which belongs to the structural type KFI is described for example in EP288293 A2.
• Structure-type zeolites LEV are described, for example, in EP40016 AI, EP255770A2 and EP3009400A1
• a zeolite of the structural type -CHI is Chiavennite.
• Structure type LOV is Lovdarit.
• a zeolite of the structural type NAB is nabesite.
• NAT-type zeolites include Natrolite, Gonnardite, Mesolite, Metanatrolite, Paranatrolite, Tetranatrolite and Scolecite.
• a zeolite of the structural type RSN is RUB-17.
• a zeolite of the structural type STT is SSZ-23. Zeolites from
• VSV Structural type VSV are Gaultit, VPI-7 and VSV-7.
• the use according to the invention preferably comprises a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 9 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and which belongs to the structural type STT.
• a particularly suitable zeolite of the structural type STT is SSZ-23.
• SSZ-23 is described in US Pat. No. 4,859,442 and can be obtained according to the preparation processes specified there.
• Zeolites belonging to the structure type FER are known from the literature.
• ZSM-35 is described in US 4,107,196, NU-23 in EP 103981 Al, FU-9 in EP 55529 Al, ISI-6 in US 4,695,440 and ferrierite for example in US 3,933,974, US 4,000,248 and US 4,251,499.
• ZSM-11 is described in Nature 275, 119-120, 1978, SSZ-46 in US 5,968,474 and TS-2 in BE 1001038.
• Zeolites belonging to the structure type MTT are known from the literature. Thus, ZSM-23 is described in US 4,076,842, EU-13 in US 4,705,674 and ISI-4 in US 4,657,750. In addition, US 5,314,674 deals with the synthesis of zeolites of the structure type MTT.
• Zeolites belonging to the structure type MFI are, for example, under the names ZSM-5, ZS-4, AZ-1, FZ-1, LZ-105, NU-4, NU-5, TS-1, TS, USC-4 and ZBH known from the literature.
• ZSM-5 is described in US 3,702,886 and US 4,139,600.
• Zeolites belonging to the structure type MWW are known from the literature.
• SSZ-25 is described in US 4,826,667, MCM-22 in Zeolites 15, Issue 1, 2-8, 1995, ITQ-1 in US 6,077,498 and PSH-3 in US 4,439,409.
• the use according to the invention preferably comprises a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and which belongs to the structural type FER.
• Structural types AFI, AFR, AFS, AFY, ASV, ATO, ATS, BEA, BEC, BOG, BPH, CAN, CON, CZP, DFO, EMT, EON, EZT, FAU, GME, GON, IFR, ISV, IWR, IWV , IWW, LTL, MAZ, MEI, MOR, MOZ, MSE, MTW, NPO, OFF, OSI, -RON, RWY, SAO, SBE, SBS, SBT, SFE, SFO, SOS, SSY, USI or VET.
• Structure-type zeolites AFI are AIPO-5, SSZ-24 and SAPO-5.
• Structure-type zeolites AFR are SAPO-40 and AIPO-40.
• Structure type AFS is MAPO-46.
• a zeolite of the structure type ASV is ASU-7.
• Structure-type zeolites ATO are SAPO-31 and AIPO-31.
• Structure-type zeolites ATS are SSZ-55 and AIPO-36.
• Zeolites of the structural type BEA are beta and CIT-6.
• Structure-type zeolites BPH are Linde Q, STA-5 and UZM-4.
• Structure-type zeolites are ECR-5, Davyn, Microsommit, Tiptopit and Vishnevit.
• Structure-type zeolites CON are CIT-1, SS-26 and SSZ-33.
• a zeolite of the structure type DFO is DAF-1. Zeolites from
• Structure types EMT are EMC-2, CSZ-1, ECR-30, ZSM-20 and ZSM-3.
• EON structural type zeolites are ECR-1 and TUN-7.
• a zeolite of the structure type EZT is EMM-3.
• Structural-type zeolites are faujasite, LZ-210, SAPO-37, CSZ-1, ECR-30, ZSM-20 and ZSM-3.
• a zeolite of the structural type GME is gmelinite.
• a zeolite of the structure type GON is GUS-1.
• Structure-type zeolites IFR are ITQ-4, MCM-58 and SSZ-42.
• Structure type ISV is ITQ-7.
• a zeolite of the structure type IWR is ITQ-24.
• a zeolite of the structure type IWV is ITQ-27.
• a zeolite of the structure type IWW is ITQ-22.
• LTL-type zeolites are Linde type L and LZ-212.
• MAZ-type zeolites are Mazzit, LZ-202, Omega, and ZSM-4.
• Structure-type zeolites MEI are ZSM-18 and ECR-40.
• Morphite zeolites MOR are mordenite, LZ-211 and Na-D.
• Structure type MOZ is ZSM-10.
• a zeolite of the structural type MSE is MCM-68.
• MTW-type zeolites are ZSM-12, CZH-5, NU-13, TPZ-12, Theta-3 and VS-12.
• OFF-type zeolites are Offretit, LZ-217, Linde T and TMA-O.
• a zeolite of the structural type OSI is UiO-6.
• a structural type zeolite RWY is UCR-20.
• a zeolite of the structural type SAO is STA-1.
• a zeolite of the structural type SFE is SSZ-48.
• a zeolite of the structural type SFO is SSZ-51.
• Structure-type zeolites SOS are SU-16 and FJ-17.
• a zeolite of the structural type SSY is SSZ-60.
• a zeolite of the structure type USI is IM-6.
• the use according to the invention preferably comprises a zeolite whose largest channels are formed by 12 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and which belongs to the structural type BEA or FAU.
• Zeolites of the structural types BEA and FAU, as well as their preparation are described in detail in the literature.
• the use according to the invention very particularly preferably comprises a zeolite belonging to the structure type ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT.
• the use according to the invention very particularly preferably comprises a zeolite belonging to the structure type MWW.
• the catalyst used in the invention comprises palladium and platinum. Both are preferably present as a cation in the zeolite structure, that is in ion-exchanged form. But they can also be wholly or partly as metal and / or oxide in the zeolite structure and / or on the
• the palladium is preferably present in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0.5 to 3 wt .-%, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium and calculated as palladium metal, before.
• Platinum is preferably present in amounts of 1 to 5 wt .-% and most preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 wt .-%, based on the weight of palladium and calculated as platinum metal before.
• the catalyst used in the invention comprises in one
• Embodiment other than palladium and platinum no more metal, especially neither copper, nor iron.
• the catalyst used according to the invention comprises one with 0.5 to 3 wt .-% palladium, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium and calculated as palladium metal, and 0.5 to 5 wt. % Platinum, based on the weight of palladium and calculated as platinum metal, occupied, in particular ion-exchanged, zeolites of the structure type ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT.
• the catalyst used in the invention comprises a support body. This may be a flow-through substrate or a wall-flow filter.
• a wall-flow filter is a support body comprising channels of length L extending in parallel between a first and a second end of the channel
• Wall flow filters which are alternately closed either at the first or at the second end and which are separated by porous walls.
• a flow-through substrate differs from a wall-flow filter in that the channels of length L are open at both ends.
• Their average pore size when uncoated for example, 5 to 30 microns.
• the pores of the wall-flow filter are so-called open pores, that is to say they have a connection to the channels. Furthermore, the pores are usually interconnected. This allows, on the one hand, the slight coating of the inner pore surfaces and, on the other hand, an easy passage of the exhaust gas through the porous walls of the wall-flow filter.
• Flow substrates are known in the art as well as wall flow filters and are available on the market. They consist for example of silicon carbide, aluminum titanate or cordierite.
• support substrates constructed of corrugated sheets of inert materials may also be used.
• Suitable inert materials are for example fibrous materials with a
• fibrous materials are heat-resistant and consist of silicon dioxide, in particular of glass fibers.
• structured body shaped with body passing channels.
• a monolithic structured body having a criss-cross corrugation structure is formed.
• undulating i.e. be arranged flat leaves.
• Carrier substrates of corrugated sheets can be coated directly with the catalyst according to the invention, but preferably they are first coated with an inert material, for example titanium dioxide, and only then with the catalytic material. Zeolite and the palladium and platinum are present in the inventive use in the form of the coating A on the carrier substrate. In this case, the coating may extend over the entire length L of the carrier substrate or only over a part thereof.
• an inert material for example titanium dioxide
• the coating A may be on the surfaces of the input channels, on the surfaces of the output channels and / or in the porous wall between input and output channels.
• Catalysts used according to the invention in which the zeolite and the palladium and platinum in the form of a coating A on the zeolite and the palladium and platinum in the form of a coating A on the zeolite and the palladium and platinum in the form of a coating A on the zeolite and the palladium and platinum in the form of a coating A on the zeolite and the palladium and platinum in the form of a coating A on the
• Carrier substrate can be prepared by the skilled worker methods, such as by the usual dip coating or pumping and suction coating process with it
• Materials can be coordinated so that they are on the porous walls that form the channels of the wall flow filter (on-wall coating).
• the average particle size of the materials to be coated can also be chosen so that they are in the porous walls that form the channels of the wall flow filter, so that a coating of the inner pore surfaces takes place (in-wall coating).
• the mean particle size of the materials to be coated must be small enough to penetrate the pores of the material
• the zeolite and the palladium and platinum are coated over the entire length L of the carrier substrate, with no further catalytically active coating on the carrier substrate.
• the carrier substrate may also carry one or more further catalytically active coatings.
• the carrier substrate may comprise a further coating B which is active in oxidation-catalytically.
• the oxidation-catalytically active coating B comprises, for example, platinum, palladium or platinum and palladium on a carrier material.
• the mass ratio of platinum to palladium is, for example, 2: 1 to 14: 1.
• Suitable carrier materials are all those familiar to the person skilled in the art for this purpose. They have a BET surface area of 30 to 250 m 2 / g, preferably from 100 to 200 m 2 / g (determined according to DIN 66132) and are in particular alumina, silica, magnesia, titania, zirconia, and mixtures or mixed oxides of at least two of these materials.
• the coating A contains only a single zeolite.
• the coating B is free of platinum and / or palladium-containing zeolites.
• the coating A contains only a single zeolite and the coating B is free of platinum and / or palladium-containing zeolites.
• the coating comprising the zeolites and the palladium and platinum (coating A) and the oxidation-catalytically active coating
• the coatings A and B may also both be coated over the entire length L.
• the coatings A and B may also both be coated over the entire length L.
• Coating B directly on the carrier substrate and the coating A on coating B are present.
• the coating A may also be present directly on the carrier substrate and the coating B on the coating A.
• a coating extends over the entire length of the support body and the other only over a part thereof.
• the lower layer is present in an amount of 50 to 250 g / l of carrier substrate and the upper layer in an amount of 50 to 100 g / l of carrier substrate.
• the carrier substrate is a wall-flow filter
• the coatings may be on the walls of the input channels, on the walls of the output channels, or in the walls between input and output channels.
• catalyst substrates used inert materials can be used. These are, for example, silicates, oxides, nitrides or carbides, with particular preference being given to magnesium-aluminum silicates.
• the extruded carrier substrate comprising the zeolite, as well as palladium and platinum, in embodiments of the present invention may be coated with one or more catalytically active coatings, for example, with the oxidation-catalytically active coating described above.
• the catalyst is excellently suited for use as a passive nitrogen oxide storage catalyst, i. it is able to store nitrogen oxides at temperatures below 200 ° C and to recycle them at temperatures above 200 ° C.
• a downstream SCR catalyst it is possible to effectively convert nitrogen oxides over the entire temperature range of the exhaust gas, including cold start temperatures.
• the catalyst is part of an exhaust system comprising an SCR catalyst.
• the SCR catalyst can in principle be selected from all catalysts active in the SCR reaction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia,
• Catalysts of mixed oxide type as well as catalysts based on zeolites, in particular of transition metal-exchanged
• Zeolites for example with copper, iron or copper and iron
• SCR catalysts are described, for example, in WO2008 / 106519 A1, WO2008 / 118434 A1 and WO2008 / 132452 A2.
• zeolites can be used, in particular those of the structure type BEA come into question.
• iron BEA and copper BEA are of interest.
• Particularly preferred zeolites belong to the framework types BEA, AEI, CHA, KFI, ERI, LEV, MER or DDR and are particularly preferably exchanged with copper, iron or copper and iron.
• zeolites also includes molecular sieves, which are sometimes referred to as "zeolite-like" compounds Molecular sieves are preferred if they belong to one of the abovementioned types of skeletons Examples are silica-aluminum-phosphate zeolites, which are known by the term SAPO Aluminum phosphate zeolites known by the term AIPO.
• zeolites are furthermore those which have a SAR (silica-to-alumina ratio) value of from 2 to 100, in particular from 5 to 50.
• the zeolites or molecular sieves contain transition metal, in particular in amounts of 1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 5 wt .-%, calculated as metal oxide, that is, for example, as Fe 2 C> 3 or CuO.
• Preferred embodiments of the present invention include SCR catalysts with copper, iron or copper and iron exchanged zeolites or beta-type molecular sieves (BEA), chabazite type (CHA) or Levyne type (LEV). Corresponding zeolites or molecular sieves are
• an SCR catalyst is between the catalyst, which is a carrier substrate of length L, a zeolite, palladium and platinum includes and the SCR catalyst injector for reducing agent.
• the injection device can be chosen arbitrarily by the person skilled in the art, suitable devices being able to be taken from the literature (see, for example, T. Mayer, Solid-SCR System Based on Ammonium Carbamate, Dissertation, TU Kaiserslautern, 2005).
• the ammonia can be introduced via the injection device as such or in the form of a compound in the exhaust stream from which ammonia is formed at ambient conditions.
• the reducing agent or a precursor thereof is kept in stock in an entrained container which is connected to the injection device.
• the SCR catalyst is preferably in the form of a coating on a supporting body, which may be a flow-through substrate or a wall-flow filter and may consist, for example, of silicon carbide, aluminum titanate or cordierite.
• the support body itself may consist of the SCR catalyst and a matrix component as described above, that is, in extruded form.
• the powder thus obtained is
• Example 1 is repeated with the difference that in step c) the amount of platinum applied corresponds to 0.1% by weight of the amount of palladium applied in step b).
• the platinum loading is thus 0.085 g / ft 3 .
• Example 1 is repeated with the difference that step c) was omitted.
• Example 3 is repeated with the difference that step c) was omitted.
• Example 3 is repeated with the difference that step c) was omitted.
• Example 1 is repeated with the difference that a zeolite of the structure type AEI is used.
• Example 5 The catalyst obtained according to Example 1 is also coated in a further step by a conventional method also over its entire length with a washcoat containing platinum supported on alumina.
• the washcoat loading of the second layer is 75 g / L, the platinum loading is 20 g / ft 3 .
• the catalyst according to Example 5 is combined with a second coated flow-through substrate to form an exhaust system.
• the second flow-through substrate is exchanged with a zeolite of the structure type chabazite exchanged with 3% by weight of copper (calculated as CuO).
• the washcoat loading of the second flow substrate is 150 g / L.
• the catalysts according to Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1, and Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 are subjected to a NOx storage test with subsequent temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). This is done in a suitable model gas reactor by means of a so-called drill core with the dimensions 1 "x 3" (diameter x length) and a cell density of 400 cpsi and a wall thickness of 4.3 mil.
• TPD temperature-programmed desorption
• Lean phase a) is characterized in that at a
• Storage phase b) differs from lean phase a) in that at a space velocity of 30,000 1 / h in addition to the three first-mentioned gases additionally 500 ppm of nitrogen oxide is present.
• the core is baked for a period of 15 minutes at a temperature of 550 ° C under gas condition a) to give a begin empty level of the catalyst, then cooled to a temperature of 100 ° C.
• gas condition b) for a period of 40 minutes at a temperature of 100 ° C.
• gas condition a) is restored, simultaneously the temperature is increased at a rate of 60 K / min (temperature programmed desorption) until a final temperature of 550 ° C has been reached. This final temperature is maintained for an additional 15 minutes.
• Comparative Example 1 desorbs a portion of the nitrogen oxide at about 200 ° C and a further significant part only between 400 and 500 ° C. Since this temperature range is barely reached in modern exhaust systems, this means that the catalyst according to Comparative Example 1, the stored nitrogen oxide is no longer completely desorbed and thus less storage capacity is available in a new cycle.
• Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 store nitrogen oxide almost identically at 100 ° C. (storage phase). In contrast desorbed in the desorption of the catalyst of Example 3 at a temperature of about 150 ° C already the largest part of the nitrogen oxide, while the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 desorbs a significant proportion of the stored nitrogen only at about 400 ° C. In a following cycle, therefore, less storage capacity is available in the case of the catalyst of Comparative Example 2.

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