EP3669989B1 - Appareil pour le broyage de solides - Google Patents

Appareil pour le broyage de solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3669989B1
EP3669989B1 EP19210045.1A EP19210045A EP3669989B1 EP 3669989 B1 EP3669989 B1 EP 3669989B1 EP 19210045 A EP19210045 A EP 19210045A EP 3669989 B1 EP3669989 B1 EP 3669989B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
rotor
wall
wall segments
solids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19210045.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3669989C0 (fr
EP3669989A1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Duspiva
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technik Management GmbH
Original Assignee
Technik Management GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technik Management GmbH filed Critical Technik Management GmbH
Publication of EP3669989A1 publication Critical patent/EP3669989A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3669989C0 publication Critical patent/EP3669989C0/fr
Publication of EP3669989B1 publication Critical patent/EP3669989B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/16—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters hinged to the rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
    • B02C2013/2816—Shape or construction of beater elements of chain, rope or cable type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for crushing solids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for crushing solids is known from document EP 2 829 325 A2 known.
  • a device that works on the cross-flow principle is, for example, from DE 202004007482 U1 known.
  • the grinding chamber of the device comprises a grinding chamber wall which has individual, straight side parts which are arranged at an angle to one another. Outlet openings that can be detached from the side parts are provided in the side parts, through which comminuted material is ejected, which has a smaller particle size than the desired material particle size, which is defined by the width of the outlet openings.
  • the desired material particle size can be adjusted by exchanging the outlet openings.
  • the device has a housing which is cylindrical and has a wall. In the operating position of the device, the housing has a feed opening in the upper area, through which solids can be fed into the housing.
  • a rotatably mounted rotor is formed in the region of the wall, which extends in the lower part of the housing when the device is in the operating position.
  • the rotor can be driven by a motor via belt drives in order to comminute the solids fed into the housing.
  • the rotor is formed by a hub and chains attached to the hub. With the rotor driven, the chains extend towards the wall due to centrifugal force and break up the solids fed into the housing.
  • the comminuted solids are discharged from the housing via a discharge opening formed in the housing and supplied for further use.
  • the wall and the rotor are usually made of high-strength steel to keep wear and tear to a minimum.
  • high-strength steel In the case of harder solids in particular, for example solids that consist partially or entirely of steel, there is nevertheless a high degree of wear in the area of the wall. Due to the wear, the wall is literally hollowed out on the inside, which means that the housing either has to be completely replaced at regular intervals or material has to be welded on in the area of the wall, which is costly.
  • the wall is formed by a large number of wall segments which can be plugged together and which can be detached from the housing, the wall segments being designed in such a way that they can be plugged into one another by means of tongue and groove connections.
  • This has the advantage that, in the event of wear in the area of the wall, the entire housing does not have to be replaced or material has to be laboriously welded onto it, rather the individual wall segments can be removed from the housing and thus replaced.
  • the tongue and groove connection ensures that the wall segments are positioned correctly in relation to one another and that the formation of unwanted gaps through which solids could escape to the outside is avoided.
  • the wall is formed by a large number of wall segments which can be plugged together and which can be detached from the housing. This has the advantage that, in the event of wear in the area of the wall, the entire housing does not have to be exchanged or welded on in a costly manner, but the individual wall segments can be removed from the housing and thus exchanged. This not only saves costs, but the device can also be kept more material-friendly in operation.
  • the rotor in the device according to the invention has at least one comminution element which is fastened to at least one chain.
  • the rotor is driven, there is a grinding gap between each comminuting element and the wall.
  • the resulting grinding gap improves the comminution performance, since the grinding gap increases the abrasion of the solids with one another.
  • solids are any type of metal or metal alloy materials.
  • solids can also be materials that have a high proportion of metal and also contain other elements such as plastics.
  • the wall segments are profiled in a first area that faces the rotor.
  • the surface roughness of the wall is increased by the profiling, as a result of which the solid bodies are comminuted more quickly.
  • the wall segments advantageously have cooling ribs in order to be able to better dissipate heat that arises during the comminution of the solid bodies and to avoid overheating of the device.
  • the wall is actively cooled by means of a cooling liquid.
  • the device preferably has positioning pins.
  • the housing preferably has bores distributed around the rotor in the region of the wall, and the wall segments preferably have bores.
  • the positioning pins are advantageously each threaded through at least one hole in the housing and holes in a plurality of wall segments in order to position the wall segments relative to the housing.
  • the position of the wall segments in relation to the housing is specified by the positioning pins, as a result of which the wall segments can be quickly and easily repositioned in the correct position after the wall segments have been exchanged.
  • the positioning pins are fixed, for example, via a thread on the housing and when changing, the worn wall segments are unthreaded from the positioning pins and new wall segments are threaded onto the positioning pins.
  • the tip of the positioning pins has a thread in order to brace the wall segments against the housing by means of a nut.
  • the positioning pins can be detached from the housing and can be threaded out of the bores in the wall segments.
  • This has the advantage that after the positioning pins have been released, the wall segments can simply be detached from the side of the housing and do not have to be laboriously unthreaded from the positioning pins.
  • the positioning pins are provided with a cross pin at one end, which is threaded into the bore of the housing and the bores of the wall segments, and at the other end with a nut, the bores being additionally slotted to facilitate threading and to provide space for the cross pin.
  • the bores expediently have a shape similar to a keyhole.
  • the device advantageously has at least one clamping element, the at least one clamping element fixing at least one wall segment to the housing.
  • the at least one clamping element is formed, for example, by at least one toggle joint that can be actuated by muscle power, by at least one hydraulic cylinder that fixes the wall segments to the housing directly or via at least one intermediate element, and/or by the positioning pins, if present.
  • the fixing of the wall segments via the at least one clamping element prevents the wall segments from slipping.
  • damping elements are formed in the hub, with the chains being held on the hub in a vibration- and shock-damped manner by the damping elements.
  • the damping elements are formed, for example, by rubber elements and/or spring elements, which each hold at least one chain link in a form-fitting manner on the hub. The noise generated during the comminution of the solids is significantly reduced by the damping elements, and load changes resulting from the comminution are damped and transmitted from the chains to the motor. This extends the service life of the motor and protects the rotor and motor bearings.
  • the device preferably has a control device, by means of which a speed of the motor can be controlled.
  • the degree of comminution can be changed by different speeds. The faster the rotor rotates, the faster and smaller the solids are crushed.
  • the discharge opening is covered with chains, with solids that have been sufficiently comminuted and accelerated by the rotor penetrating the chains and exiting from the housing.
  • the chains act as a kind of sieve, whereby the chains prevent insufficiently comminuted solids from leaving the housing.
  • the size of the solids that can be discharged from the housing is influenced by the selection of the chain links and the distance between the chains. The larger the chain links and the greater the distance between the chains, the larger the solids can leave the housing through the discharge opening.
  • the chains have the advantage that impurities that cannot be crushed are conveyed out of the housing by the chains, as a result of which damage is avoided and the entire device does not have to be switched off in order to remove the impurities.
  • At least two clamping bolts are advantageously formed in the area of the discharge opening, which are arranged spaced apart from one another and are each threaded through different chain links of the chains.
  • a distance between the tensioning bolts can be changed by a sliding bearing of at least one tensioning bolt in order to tension the chains to different extents.
  • the sliding bearing is formed, for example, by an eccentric bearing of a clamping bolt or by a rail, with the at least one clamping bolt being advantageously changed in its position relative to the other clamping bolt when mounted by means of a rail via a screw drive.
  • the device expediently has a slide which is formed in the discharge opening.
  • a cross section of the discharge opening can be changed via the slide.
  • the slider is perforated, with the size of the holes being able to determine a maximum size of the solids that are discharged from the housing.
  • the at least one wall segment preferably has a fluid opening, by means of which fluids can be fed into the housing and/or by means of which fluids can be discharged from the housing.
  • the fluid opening is advantageously formed by at least one hole or by at least one slit.
  • an inert gas can be conducted into the housing through the fluid opening in order to prevent solids containing combustible materials from igniting during comminution.
  • the rotor can expediently be driven directly by the motor via a shaft.
  • an elastic coupling is additionally formed between the motor and the rotor or between the motor and the shaft on which the rotor is seated, in order to absorb vibrations that occur during the comminution acting on the rotor, to be transmitted to the motor in a damped manner.
  • the motor drives the rotor via a belt drive or a chain.
  • the motor is advantageously formed by a servo motor or a hydraulic motor.
  • FIG 1 shows an embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention for crushing solids in a side view.
  • the device 1 comprises a housing 2 with a wall 3 and a feed opening 4 for feeding solids into the housing 2.
  • the housing 2 is cylindrical and is arranged in an upright position in the operating position of the device 1 .
  • the feed opening 4 is located in the operating position of the device 1 in the upper part of the housing 2.
  • the wall 3 is arranged in the operating position of the device 1 in the lower area 6 of the housing 2.
  • the wall 3 represents the outer surface of the housing 2 in the area 6.
  • the device 1 has a rotor 5, which is rotatably mounted in the region 6 of the wall 3, and a motor 7, which is designed to drive the rotor 5 in order to comminute solids fed into the housing 2.
  • the motor 7 is connected to the rotor 5 directly via a shaft 12 which is rotatably mounted in a bearing housing 13 flanged to the housing 2 .
  • the motor 7 is flanged to the bearing housing 13 .
  • the motor 7 is advantageously connected to the shaft 12 via an elastic coupling.
  • the device 1 has a control device 27, by means of which a speed of the motor 7 can be controlled.
  • the degree of comminution of the solids can be changed via the speed.
  • the rotor 5 is formed by a hub 8, chains 9 and 29 crushing elements. Damping elements 26 are formed in the hub 8 , the chains 9 being held in the hub 8 in a damped manner by the damping elements 26 .
  • the chains 9 and the comminuting elements 29 extend in the direction of the wall 3 due to the centrifugal force, with a milling gap 32 being established between each comminuting element 29 and the wall 3 .
  • the chains 9 rest at least partially and the comminuting elements 29 rest completely on a base 10 of the housing 2 .
  • the rotor 5 has extensions 11 .
  • figure 1 only one chain 9 , one extension 11 and one crushing element 29 is shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the housing 2 has a discharge opening 15 in the region 6 through which crushed solids can be discharged from the housing 2 .
  • the discharge opening 15 is covered with chains 28.
  • the chains 28 act like a kind of sieve, as a result of which only sufficiently comminuted solids are discharged from the housing 2 .
  • the chains 28 have the advantage that impurities that cannot be crushed are discharged directly by the chains 28, as a result of which they are discharged without damage and the device 1 does not have to be switched off separately for discharging them.
  • clamping bolts 37 and 38 are also formed.
  • the clamping bolts 37 and 38 are arranged at a distance from one another and are each threaded through different chain links of the chains 28 .
  • At least one of the clamping bolts 37 or 38 is displaceably mounted by means of a sliding bearing, e.g. an eccentric or a rail with spindle adjustment, as a result of which a distance between the clamping bolts 37 and 38 can be changed. By changing the distance, the chains 28 can be tightened to different extents.
  • the wall 3 is formed by a large number of wall segments 14 that can be plugged together. See in particular the Figures 2 and 3 .
  • the wall segments 14 are arc-shaped and extend over an angle of 60°. However, there is also the possibility that these extend over a larger or smaller angle. The angle is advantageously selected in such a way that the wall segments do not become too long and their position can still be changed individually by one person.
  • the wall segments 14 have a groove 16 at a first end and a tongue 17 at a second end so that they can be plugged into one another. Only the wall segments 14 which are arranged in the area of the discharge opening 15 have either a groove 16 or a tongue 17 . These wall segments 14 are also only partially arcuate.
  • the wall segments 14 are profiled in a first area 18 , which faces the rotor 5 , and they have cooling ribs 20 in a second area 19 , which faces away from the rotor 5 .
  • the device 1 has positioning pins 21 and the wall segments 14 have bores 22 and the housing 2 has bores 39 .
  • the bores 39 are distributed around the rotor 5 in the base 10 in the area 6 of the wall.
  • the bores 22 and 39 essentially have the shape of a keyhole.
  • the positioning pins 21 have transverse pins 41 at one end 40 and a nut 43 at the other end 42 . By means of the end 40, a positioning pin 21 can be threaded through superimposed bores 22 and 39, by turning the positioning pin 21 by 90 degrees, it is locked and can no longer be unthreaded simply by pulling.
  • the wall segments 14 on the housing 2 are clamped by tightening the nut 43 .
  • the device 1 has a clamping element 23, the clamping element 23 being formed by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 24 and an intermediate element 25 in the form of a ring.
  • the supply of solids to the housing 2 is interrupted and the motor 7 is stopped with a time delay via the control device 27 in order to discharge as much crushed solids as possible from the housing 2 via the discharge opening 15 .
  • the wall segments 14 are exposed, as a result of which they can be detached laterally from the rest of the housing 2.
  • New wall segments 14 are placed again in place of the removed wall segments 14 in such a way that the individual bores 22 of the wall segments 14 lie one above the other. If all defective wall segments 14 or all wall segments 14 that have reached their wear limit have been replaced, the intermediate element 25 is lowered again via the hydraulic cylinder 24, as a result of which the wall segments 14 are fixed and the wall 3 is closed again. See left page figure 1 .
  • Now all positioning pins 21 are again threaded through the holes 22 and 39 and fixed by turning them through 90 degrees. By tightening the nuts 43, the wall segments 14 are clamped.
  • the wall segments 14 are only stretched over the intermediate element 25 and the positioning pins 21 serve as additional fixation, or that the wall segments 14 are stretched over the intermediate element 25 and over the positioning pins 21 . Furthermore, there is the possibility that the wall segments are only stretched over the positioning pins 21 and the intermediate element 25 is only placed on the wall segments 14 . Due to the construction according to the invention, the entire housing no longer has to be replaced or material has to be welded on in a complex manner in the event of wear.
  • the rotor 5 can be driven again by the motor 7 and solids can be fed into the feed opening 4 .
  • Figures 4 and 5 each show detailed views of an alternative embodiment of a rotor 33 in a side view and in a plan view.
  • the rotor 33 differs from the rotor 5, which is Figures 2 and 3 is shown in detail in that the rotor 33 has four chains 34 and that crushing elements 35 are held by two chains 34 each. Furthermore, the rotor 33 has no extensions 11 .
  • the crushing elements 35 are profiled on a side facing the wall 3 in order to change their roughness.
  • a grinding gap 36 is selected to be very small, as a result of which the solids are particularly finely comminuted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Appareil pour le broyage de solides, comprenant
    un boîtier (2) avec une paroi (3) et une ouverture d'alimentation (4) pour insérer des solides dans le boîtier (2),
    un rotor (5 ; 33) monté de façon pivotante dans le boîtier (2) dans la région (6) de la paroi (3) et un moteur (7) qui est configuré pour entraîner le rotor (5 ; 33) pour broyer les solides insérés dans le boîtier (2),
    dans lequel le rotor (5) est formé par un moyeu (8) et des chaînes (9 ; 34) qui sont fixées au moyeu (8) et s'étendent, lorsque le rotor (5 ; 33) est entraîné, en direction de la paroi (3), le rotor (5 ; 33) comportant au moins un élément de broyage (29 ; 35) qui est fixé à au moins une chaîne (9 ; 34) et
    dans lequel le boîtier (2) comporte une ouverture d'évacuation (15) à travers laquelle les solides broyés peuvent être extraits du boîtier, une fente de mouture (32 ; 36) se formant entre chaque élément de broyage (29 ; 35) et la paroi (3) lorsque le rotor (5 ; 33 est entraîné,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la paroi (3) est formée par une multitude de segments de paroi (14) emboîtables les uns dans les autres qui peuvent être détachés du boîtier (2), ces segments de paroi (14) étant configurés de sorte qu'ils peuvent s'emboîter les uns dans les autres au moyen de liaisons à rainure (16) et languette (17), et que
    les segments de paroi (14) sont profilés dans une première zone (18) qui est orientée vers le rotor (5 ; 33) et présentent des ailettes de refroidissement (20) dans une deuxième zone (19) qui est opposée au rotor (5 ; 33).
  2. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ce dispositif (1) comporte des goupilles de positionnement (21), que le boîtier (2) comporte des trous (39) répartis autour du rotor (22) dans la région (6) de la paroi (3) et que les segments de paroi (14) comportent des trous (22), les goupilles de positionnement (21) étant chacune enfilées à travers au moins un trou du boîtier (2) et des trous (22) de plusieurs segments de paroi pour positionner les segments de paroi (14) par rapport au boîtier (2).
  3. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les goupilles de positionnement (21) sont détachables et peuvent être extraites des trous (22) des segments de paroi (14).
  4. Dispositif (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ce dispositif (1) comporte au moins un élément de serrage (23), lequel au moins un élément de serrage (23) fixe au moins un élément de paroi (14) sur le boîtier (2).
  5. Dispositif (1) selon une la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un élément de serrage (23) est constitué par au moins une articulation à levier basculant qui peut être actionnée par la force musculaire, par au moins un vérin hydraulique (24) qui fixe directement ou via au moins un élément intermédiaire (25) les segments de paroi (14) sur le boîtier (2) et/ou, le cas échéant, par les goupilles de positionnement (21).
  6. Dispositif (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que des éléments d'amortissement (26) sont configurés dans le moyeu (8), les chaînes (9 ; 34) étant maintenues sur le moyeu (8) de façon amortie par les éléments d'amortissement (26).
  7. Dispositif (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ce dispositif (1) comporte un système de réglage (27) au moyen duquel une vitesse de rotation du moteur (7) peut être réglée.
  8. Dispositif (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture d'évacuation (15) est dotée de chaînes (28), des solides suffisamment broyés et accélérés par le rotor (5 ; 33) passant à travers les chaînes (28) et sortant du boîtier (2).
  9. Dispositif (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que dans la région de l'ouverture d'évacuation (15) sont formés deux boulons de serrage (37, 38) qui sont disposés à distance l'un de l'autre et sont enfilés à travers différents maillons des chaînes (28), une distance entre les boulons de serrage (37, 38) pouvant être modifiées par un décalage d'au moins un boulon de serrage (37, 38) afin de serrer les chaînes (28) avec des forces différentes.
  10. Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que dans l'ouverture d'évacuation est formée une glissière au moyen de laquelle une section transversale de l'ouverture d'évacuation peut être modifiée.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la glissière est perforée.
  12. Dispositif (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que dans au moins un des éléments de paroi est formé un orifice à fluide au moyen duquel des fluides peuvent être introduits dans le boîtier et/ou au moyen duquel des fluides peuvent être extraits du boîtier.
  13. Dispositif (1) selon une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le rotor (5 ; 33) peut être entraîné directement par le moteur (7) via un arbre (12).
EP19210045.1A 2018-12-20 2019-11-19 Appareil pour le broyage de solides Active EP3669989B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA51135/2018A AT522020B1 (de) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Feststoffen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3669989A1 EP3669989A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
EP3669989C0 EP3669989C0 (fr) 2023-08-02
EP3669989B1 true EP3669989B1 (fr) 2023-08-02

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EP19210045.1A Active EP3669989B1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-11-19 Appareil pour le broyage de solides

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Country Link
EP (1) EP3669989B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT522020B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2019142510A (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112206874A (zh) * 2020-09-05 2021-01-12 东营市延旭环保科技有限公司 一种基于有机肥生产用可快速更换刀片的链条粉碎机

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB356873A (en) * 1930-07-16 1931-09-17 Hartstoff Metall Ag Hametag Improvements in mill casings
US3342426A (en) * 1965-04-16 1967-09-19 Sr Walter J Sackett Pulverizing mill
JP4161281B2 (ja) * 1998-03-31 2008-10-08 ターボ工業株式会社 微粉砕機
DE202004007482U1 (de) * 2004-05-11 2005-09-22 Plahuta, Igor Zerlegeeinrichtung
DE102008035963B3 (de) 2008-07-31 2010-01-07 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Trennung von unvulkanisiertem gummierten Stahlcord-Material für Reifen
DE202011000258U1 (de) * 2011-02-03 2012-05-08 Amni Maschinenbau Gmbh Schlagmühle
DE202011051083U1 (de) * 2011-08-25 2012-11-28 Amni Maschinenbau Gmbh Schlagmühle
EP2922635A4 (fr) * 2012-11-07 2016-09-14 Heritage Hd Llc Impacteur à axe vertical
EP2829325B1 (fr) * 2013-05-07 2016-06-29 Xergi A/S Broyeur et son utilisation

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Publication number Publication date
EP3669989C0 (fr) 2023-08-02
RU2019142510A (ru) 2021-06-21
AT522020A1 (de) 2020-07-15
EP3669989A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
AT522020B1 (de) 2022-06-15

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