EP3646671B1 - Four micro-ondes avec système de sécurité très basse tension - Google Patents

Four micro-ondes avec système de sécurité très basse tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3646671B1
EP3646671B1 EP17734975.0A EP17734975A EP3646671B1 EP 3646671 B1 EP3646671 B1 EP 3646671B1 EP 17734975 A EP17734975 A EP 17734975A EP 3646671 B1 EP3646671 B1 EP 3646671B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
door
microwave oven
microwave
safety
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EP17734975.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3646671A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas RANALDER
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V-Zug AG
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V-Zug AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/6414—Aspects relating to the door of the microwave heating apparatus
    • H05B6/6417—Door interlocks of the microwave heating apparatus and related circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave oven having a cooking chamber, a door, a microwave generator, a driver circuit and at least one safety switch operatable by the door.
  • Security regulations typically request the provision of several safety switches arranged in series such that a safe switch-off is guaranteed even if one of them should fail and remain closed when the door is opened.
  • the power fed to the microwave generator is in the range of several 100 W or even more than 1 kW.
  • the supply voltage fed through the safety switches is typically a high voltage, i.e. it exceeds 100 V or even 200 V, and the currents are in the range of several Amperes. Looping such voltage and current levels through the microwave oven to the safety switches at the door is expensive and needs additional measures to provide electromagnetic compatibility and electrical insulation. Also, the safety switches need to be able to reliably carry these voltages and currents without failing.
  • JP S63-195991 describes a device with a first switch in series to the power mains and a second switch behind a transformer.
  • WO 01/49079 describes a device with two switches in series in the supply line between a driver power supply and a driver circuit.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microwave oven having a simple and inexpensive safety mechanism with improved security.
  • the oven comprises
  • the control unit controls at least part of the operations of the microwave oven.
  • the cooking chamber is adapted and structured to receive the food to be cooked.
  • the door provides user access to the cooking chamber.
  • the microwave generator is adapted and structured to generate microwave radiation, which is fed to the cooking chamber.
  • the microwave generator comprises a magnetron, but it may also comprise a semiconductor-based high-frequency generator. In any case, it has one or more semiconductor switches.
  • the driver circuit generates the control signals for the at least one semiconductor switch. This can e.g. be the signal applied to the gate or base of the semiconductor switch.
  • the driver power supply generates the supply power for the driver circuit. This power is "extra-low-voltage" in the sense defined below.
  • the at least one safety switch is operatable by opening and closing the door.
  • the movement of the door causes the safety switch to be opened or closed mechanically.
  • the safety switch is arranged in the supply line through which power is supplied from the driver power supply to the driver circuit. Hence, when opening the switch, the driver circuit loses its supply power, which renders it inoperable to generate control signals to the at least one semiconductor switch of the microwave generator.
  • the invention is based on the understanding that switching off the extra-low-voltage power supply to the driver circuit is a means to disable microwave generation that provides the same level of safety as the conventional designs where the high-voltage power supply is switched off. In particular, it also relies on mechanical means only and does not require any electronic processing or software (even though software can be used to provide additional safety or diagnosis features).
  • the microwave generator comprises a magnetron
  • it also comprises a magnetron power supply having a transformer and an alternating current generator feeding an alternating current to the transformer.
  • the "at least one semiconductor switch” is part of the magnetron power supply.
  • it arranged in a bridge or half-bridge of the alternating current generator.
  • the microwave generator can comprise a semiconductor-based microwave-frequency generator, i.e. a microwave generator using semiconductor switches instead of a magnetron to generate the microwave radiation.
  • the "at least one semiconductor switch" is part of the semiconductor-based microwave-frequency generator.
  • the microwave oven comprises several of said safety switches.
  • it comprises at least a first and a second safety switch arranged in series, or it may even comprise a third safety switch arranged in series to the first and second safety switches in order to provide redundancy.
  • the microwave oven further comprises a control switch arranged between a downstream location of the first safety switch and a zero voltage potential.
  • the first safety switch is arranged and structured to open at a first position of the door while opening the door
  • the control switch is arranged and structured to close at a second position of the door while opening said door. Upon opening the door, said first position occurs before said second position.
  • the first switch operates as a monitored safety switch.
  • control unit of the microwave oven may have at least one input connected to a location downstream of the first or second safety switch, thus allowing the control unit to monitor the state of one or more of the switches.
  • downstream is defined below.
  • extra-low-voltage designates a voltage of no more than 50 V AC or 120 V DC, in particular no more than 20 V.
  • extra-low-voltage power designates an electrical power of extra-low-voltage in the sense above.
  • a switch is defined to be “closed” when its contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them and “open” when the contacts are separated and the switch is non-conducting.
  • Cooking designates any process of supplying heat to a foodstuff, e.g. for thawing, for warming up, or for a classical cooking process.
  • Microwave-frequency is understood to designate a frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. Typical frequencies used for microwave ovens are 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz.
  • a location "downstream" of a safety switch is a location along the power line between the driver power supply and the driver circuit that is on the driver circuit side of said safety switch, i.e. the safety switch is arranged between the downstream location and the driver power supply.
  • a “semiconductor switch” is any type of solid-state semiconductor switch, in particular a transistor, such as an IGBT, FET or bipolar transistor.
  • the microwave oven of Fig. 1 comprises a housing 1 enclosing a cooking chamber 3.
  • a door 2 is arranged at a front side of cooking chamber 3.
  • Door 2 can e.g. be a conventional oven door that is pivotal about a horizontal pivot axis along its bottom edge.
  • Safety switches 4 are provided at door 2 or at its frame for detecting the state of door 2, i.e. for detecting if door 2 is closed or open.
  • the device of Fig. 1 is e.g. also equipped with a user interface 6 that e.g. comprises a display and input controls, an electronic unit 7 comprising control and driver circuitry, and a microwave generator 8.
  • a user interface 6 that e.g. comprises a display and input controls, an electronic unit 7 comprising control and driver circuitry, and a microwave generator 8.
  • Microwave generator 8 is coupled, e.g. through conventional waveguides 9, to cooking chamber 3.
  • the oven can be a pure microwave oven, i.e. microwave generator 8 can form the sole means for heating the foodstuff in chamber 3.
  • microwave generator 8 can form the sole means for heating the foodstuff in chamber 3.
  • the oven can be a combined device that has also has other means for heating the foodstuff, such as a resistive heater, a hot-air generator or a steam generator.
  • Fig. 2 shows one possible embodiment of circuitry to be used in a microwave oven.
  • the shown circuitry basically corresponds to the one described in EP 2854480 .
  • control unit 10 which can e.g. be a microprocessor, microcontroller, FPGA or a combination of such devices.
  • microwave generator 8 containing the power components for generating the microwave radiation as well as a driver circuit 14 for driving several semiconductor switches T1 - T6 in microwave generator 8.
  • the device is operated using mains power (line power) at e.g. 110 or 230 V, which is rectified in a rectifier 16.
  • the rectified mains power is fed as a high-voltage supply power to microwave generator 8.
  • a driver power supply 18 generates an extra-low-voltage of e.g. 15 V for operating driver circuit 14.
  • microwave generator 8 comprises a magnetron 20.
  • a first transformer 22 and a rectifier D2, D3 generate a high DC voltage to be applied over the magnetron's anode and cathode.
  • a second transformer 24 generates a heating current for the magnetron's cathode.
  • a pair of transistors T1, T2 are provided for generating an alternating current in the primary winding of transformer 24 in order to heat the magnetron's cathode.
  • the transistors T1, T2 form a half-bridge coupled to one terminal of the primary winding of transformer 24 while a capacitive voltage divider C5, C6 is connected to its other terminal.
  • a full bridge formed by the transistors T3, T4, T5, and T6 generates the alternating current in the primary winding of transformer 22.
  • the transistors T1 - T6 form the semiconductor switches of driving circuit 14. They receive their control signals, i.e. their gate or base voltages, from driver circuit 14.
  • driver circuit 14 consists of three driver devices 14a, 14b, 14c, each of which is capable of generating the control signals of the transistors of a single half-bridge.
  • Each such driver device can e.g. be an integrated high and low side driver as sold under device number IRS2181 by International Rectifier, California (USA).
  • driver circuit 14 can also use other components, based either on specialized integrated driver circuits or on general-purpose components.
  • Driver circuit 14 may comprise transistor output stages, at least one for each semiconductor switch of microwave generator 8. It may further comprise voltage level shifters, filters and other circuitry for smoothly operating the transistors T1 - T6.
  • Driver circuit 14 requires an operating power, such as the Vcc and Vb inputs of the IRS2181 mentioned above, to drive their transistor output stages and/or other parts of its circuitry.
  • This operating power for driver circuit 14 is provided on a line 26, and it is used to implement the safety mechanism as described in the next section.
  • Control unit 10 is connected to driver circuit 14 to send it the signals controlling the switching of the semiconductors T1 - T6.
  • circuitry of Fig. 2 is operated e.g. as described in EP 2854480 .
  • control unit 10 alternatingly switches the transistors T1 and T2 on and off in order to generate the alternating current in the primary winding of transformer 24 and thereby the cathode heating current of magnetron 20.
  • control unit 10 operates the full-bridge of the transistors T3 - T6 for generating the alternating current in the primary winding of transformer 22 and thereby the high-voltage applied over the anode and cathode of magnetron 20.
  • Microwave generator 8 generates a number of feedback signals, such as the voltages Uih and Ur indicative of the currents in the two transformers 24, 22, or a voltage generated by an opto-coupler 28 indicative of the anode-cathode voltage of magnetron 20.
  • Control unit 10 uses these feedback signals for controlling the operation of microwave generator 8 as e.g. described in EP 2854480 .
  • the microwave oven is provided with safety switches 4 ( Fig. 1 ) or, in more general terms, with a safety mechanism, whose purpose is to ensure that microwave generation is safely disabled when door 2 is open.
  • safety switches there are several safety switches, namely a first safety switch S1, a second safety switch S2, and a third safety switch S3. These safety switches S1, S2, S3 are arranged in series along supply line 26 between driver power supply 18 and driver circuit 14. In addition, there may be a control switch Sc and a thermal overload switch St. The roles of these switches will be explained in more detail now.
  • the supply voltage from driver power supply 18 is first fed through a fuse 30. From there it passes the safety switches S1, S2, S3 as well as the thermal overload switch St, and it finally arrives through line 26 at driver circuit 14.
  • Driver circuit 14 is designed to be in its off state in the absence of supply power, i.e. it generates no signals for closing the semiconductor switches T1 - T6 if it receives no supply power.
  • control switch Sc is arranged between a downstream location L1 of first safety switch S1 and zero voltage potential.
  • Fig. 3 shows one possible mechanical implementation for implementing switches operated by the door's movement.
  • the shown embodiment shows an assembly comprising the first safety switch S1 as well as control switch Sc.
  • both these switches S1, Sc are micro switches having a nub-shaped actuator 32.
  • actuator 32 When actuator 32 is in its extended position, the switch is open, i.e. non-conducting. When it is depressed, the switch is closed, i.e. conducting.
  • the switches S1, Sc are mounted to a common frame 34.
  • a slider 36 is held in frame 34 and displaceable along a direction of displacement 38. It has a first position (shown in solid lines) as well as a second position (shown in dashed lines).
  • a bias spring 40 can e.g. be provided for urging slider 36 into its first position.
  • Slider 36 has first and second lateral guide surfaces 44, 46 positioned to interact with the actuators 32 of switch S1 and switch Sc, respectively.
  • actuator 32 of safety switch S1 When door 2 is open, actuator 32 of safety switch S1 does not touch lateral first guide surface 44, and therefore safety switch S1 is open, i.e. non-conducting. At the same time, second guide surface 46 pushes against actuator 32 of control switch Sc, and therefore control switch Sc is closed, i.e. conducting.
  • first lateral guide surface 44 comes into contact with actuator 32 of first safety switch S1 and thereby closes first safety switch S1.
  • second lateral guide surface 46 loses its contact with actuator 32 of control switch Sc and control switch S1 opens.
  • first safety switch S1 opens at a "first position” of door 2, while control switch Sc closes at a "second position" of door 2.
  • the first position of door 2 is very close to the door's closed position, advantageously such that the microwave leakage at this position is below safety limits. It is e.g. reached when door has moved away by 1° from its closed position.
  • the second position of door 2 is not as close to the door's closed position. Its angle (measured from the door's closed position) is larger than the one of the first position but such that microwave leakage is still low. It is e.g. reached when door has moved away by 3° from its closed position.
  • first safety switch S1 opens before control switch Sc closes.
  • switch S1 operates as a monitored safety switch.
  • control switch S2 opens before first safety switch S1 closes.
  • first safety switch S1 as well as control switch Sc are advantageously arranged at an upper edge region of door 2, in particular at a first one of its upper corners.
  • Second safety switch S2 can be arranged e.g. close to the door's bottom edge.
  • Third safety switch S3 can be arranged, similarly to first safety switch S1, at the door's upper edge region, e.g. at the second one of its upper corners.
  • second safety switch S2 is located to open at a third position of door 2 that is even further away from its closed position that the second position, but advantageously it is still small enough to prevent a user from manipulating the first safety switch. It is e.g. at 5° from the door's closed position.
  • Third safety switch S3 can e.g. be opened at the door's first position.
  • Fig. 4 shows the state of the various switches S1, S2, S3, and Sc during closing and opening door 2. Any line in its upper position indicates the respective switch to be closed (conducting), while an open (non-conducting) switch is represented by the line being in its lower position.
  • second safety switch S2 Upon closing door 2, second safety switch S2 will be the first to close. Then, control switch Sc opens, and, finally, the first and third control switches close.
  • first safety switch S1 would fail to open upon opening door 2, control switch Sc would close while first safety switch S1 is still closed. In that case, a strong current would flow through first safety switch S1 into control switch Sc and a PTC resistor R. This current is sufficient to blow fuse 30, thus safely preventing an activation of microwave generator 8.
  • Thermal overload switch St is located in thermal contact with magnetron 30 (or any other part of microwave generator 8 that is likely to overheat). It opens at the presence of an excess temperature in microwave generator 8.
  • overload switch St is in series with the safety switches S1 - S3, it will interrupt the power supply to driver circuit 14 in the present of such excess temperature.
  • control unit 10 comprises several inputs IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, which allow to monitor the state of the safety switches S1 - S3, the thermal overload switch St as well as the control switch Sc.
  • a first input IN1 is connected to a location L1 downstream of first safety switch S1, namely a location L1 between first safety switch S1 and second safety switch S2.
  • a second input IN2 is connected to a location L2 downstream of second safety switch S2, namely a location L2 between second safety switch S2 and third safety switch S3.
  • a third input IN3 is connected to a location L3 downstream of third safety switch S3, namely a location L3 between third safety switch S3 and thermal overload switch St.
  • a fourth input IN4 is connected to a location L4 downstream of thermal overload switch St, namely between thermal overload switch St and driver circuit 14.
  • control unit 10 detects that all inputs IN1 - IN4 are in their high state (i.e. the supply voltage is present at all locations L1 - L4, it concludes that door 2 is closed and operation of the microwave oven can begin.
  • control unit 10 detects that all inputs IN1 -IN4 are in their low state (i.e. no supply voltage is present at any of the locations L1 - L4 it concludes that door 2 is open.
  • the voltages at the inputs IN1 - IN4 will be lower than if the fuse 30 is not blown. This allows to distinguish between states where the fuse is blown and where the fuse is not blown, provided that the inputs IN1 - IN4 are able to distinguish between at least three different voltage levels.
  • the inputs IN1 - IN4 are analog-digital-converting inputs.
  • the full-bridge formed by the transistors T3 - T6 could be replaced by a half-bridge, or the half-bridge formed by the transistors T1, T2 could be a full-bridge.
  • one single half- or full-bridge can be used for driving a transformer having separate secondary windings for generating the heating current and the anode-cathode-voltage of magnetron 20.
  • driver device 14a can be fixedly connected to driver power supply 18, and only the supply power for the driver devices 14b, 14c can be fed through the switches S1, S2, S3, and St, or (even though less advantageous) vice versa.
  • a solid state microwave generator 8' i.e. semiconductor-based microwave-frequency generator, can be used, such as e.g. described in US 2015136760 , US3557333 , or US4504718 , where one or more semiconductor switches T are operated at high frequency to generate electromagnetic waves by means of suitable antennae 40.
  • driver circuit 14 controls the semiconductor switches T in generator 8', and the supply power to driver circuit 14 can be looped through the safety switches S1 - S3.
  • Driver circuit 14 can e.g. generate the high frequency signals used to drive the semiconductor switches T.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Un four à micro-ondes comprenant
    une unité de commande (10),
    une chambre de cuisson (3),
    une porte (2) fermant ladite chambre de cuisson (3),
    un générateur de micro-ondes (8) couplé à ladite chambre de cuisson (3) et ayant au moins un commutateur semi-conducteur (T1 - T6),
    un circuit de pilotage (14) connecté pour fournir des signaux de commande audit au moins un commutateur à semi-conducteurs (T1 - T6),
    une alimentation de pilotage (18) fournissant une alimentation à très basse tension audit circuit de pilotage (14), et
    un premier et un deuxième interrupteur de sécurité (S1 - S3) pouvant être actionnés mécaniquement par l'ouverture et la fermeture de la porte (2), dans lequel lesdits interrupteurs de sécurité (S1 - S3) sont disposés en série dans la ligne d'alimentation (26) entre ladite alimentation électrique de pilotage (18) et ledit circuit de pilotage (14), dans lequel ledit premier interrupteur de sécurité (S1) est disposé et structuré pour s'ouvrir à une première position de ladite porte (2) pendant l'ouverture de ladite porte (2),
    dans lequel ledit four à micro-ondes est caractérisé par un interrupteur de commande (Sc) disposé entre un emplacement en aval dudit premier interrupteur de sécurité (S1) et un potentiel de tension nulle,
    dans lequel ledit interrupteur de commande (Sc) est disposé et structuré pour se fermer à une seconde position de ladite porte (2) pendant l'ouverture de ladite porte (2),
    dans lequel, lors de l'ouverture de ladite porte (2), ladite première position se produit avant ladite seconde position.
  2. Le four à micro-ondes selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit générateur de micro-ondes (8) comprend
    un magnétron (20) et
    une alimentation de magnétron (T1 - T6, 22, 24) ayant au moins un transformateur (22) et un générateur de courant alternatif (T1 - T6) connecté à un enroulement primaire dudit transformateur (22), dans lequel ledit au moins un commutateur à semi-conducteur (T1 - T6) fait partie dudit générateur de courant alternatif.
  3. Le four à micro-ondes selon la revendication 2, dans lequel ledit générateur de courant alternatif comprend un pont ou un demi-pont et dans lequel ledit au moins un commutateur à semi-conducteurs (T1 - T6) est disposé dans ledit pont ou demi-pont.
  4. Le four à micro-ondes selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit générateur de micro-ondes (8) comprend un générateur de micro-ondes-fréquences à base de semi-conducteurs (8'), dans lequel ledit au moins un commutateur à semi-conducteurs (T1 - T6) fait partie du générateur de micro-ondes-fréquences à base de semi-conducteurs (8').
  5. Le four à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un troisième interrupteur de sécurité (S3) disposé en série avec lesdits premier et deuxième interrupteurs de sécurité (S1, S2).
  6. Le four à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite unité de commande (10) a au moins une entrée (IN1 - IN4) connectée à un emplacement (L1 - L4) en aval dudit premier ou deuxième interrupteur de sécurité (S1, S2).
  7. Le four à micro-ondes selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ladite au moins une entrée (IN1 - IN4) est une entrée de conversion analogique-numérique.
  8. Le four à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un fusible (30) disposé entre ladite alimentation électrique de pilotage (18) et ledit premier commutateur.
  9. Le four à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un interrupteur de surcharge thermique (St) pouvant être ouvert par une température excessive dans ledit générateur de micro-ondes (8) et étant disposé en série avec ledit au moins un interrupteur de sécurité (S1 - S3) .
  10. Le four à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit circuit de pilotage (14) génère une grille de tension de base pour ledit au moins un commutateur à semi-conducteurs (T1 - T6) .
EP17734975.0A 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Four micro-ondes avec système de sécurité très basse tension Active EP3646671B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH2017/000065 WO2019000108A1 (fr) 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Four à micro-ondes doté d'un mécanisme de sécurité extra-basse tension

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EP3646671A1 EP3646671A1 (fr) 2020-05-06
EP3646671B1 true EP3646671B1 (fr) 2023-04-05

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113365379B (zh) * 2021-06-29 2024-05-28 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 集成芯片和烹饪设备
WO2023020675A1 (fr) 2021-08-16 2023-02-23 V-Zug Ag Four à micro-ondes à verrouillage optique

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001049079A1 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2001-07-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Circuit d'attaque de four a micro-ondes courant continu et son procede de commande

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3557333A (en) 1969-01-21 1971-01-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Solid state microwave oven
CA1202090A (fr) 1982-09-20 1986-03-18 Hisashi Okatsuka Appareil de chauffage aux micro-ondes avec dispositif semiconducteur oscillateur
JPS63195991A (ja) * 1987-02-10 1988-08-15 松下電器産業株式会社 高周波加熱装置
KR100399138B1 (ko) * 2000-08-19 2003-09-26 삼성전자주식회사 전자렌지
US20150136760A1 (en) 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Stmicroelectronics (Canada), Inc. Microwave oven using solid state amplifiers and antenna array
DK2854480T3 (en) 2014-04-24 2016-09-26 V-Zug Ag Microwave with fluctuations controlled heat output

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001049079A1 (fr) * 1999-12-09 2001-07-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Circuit d'attaque de four a micro-ondes courant continu et son procede de commande

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EP3646671A1 (fr) 2020-05-06
WO2019000108A1 (fr) 2019-01-03

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