EP3612442B1 - Fitting plate and device and assembly for lashing containers on board ships - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a fitting plate for lashing containers on board ships with a first receptacle and two further receptacles, the two further receptacles forming a two-armed lever relative to the first receptacle and each being provided with a pocket for receiving a tensioning screw knob of a lashing rod. The invention also relates to a device and an arrangement for lashing containers on board ships with such a fitting plate.

Such a fitting plate is from the DE 40 33 704 A1 known.

Stacks of containers are lashed on board of ships using lashing rods and tensioning screws. The so-called external lashing, as it is in the DE 10 2013 103 951 A1 shown and described has been found to be particularly advantageous and effective.

In order not to exceed certain limit values for the forces to be dissipated, the use of two lashings arranged in parallel is generally recommended. In this way, the forces absorbed on the container should be absorbed by two instead of one anchor point. The lashing itself can be made smaller, which simplifies handling. In practice, the two parallel lashings are preferably attached to two containers coupled to one another by container couplings such as twistlock or midlock, namely one lashing on the upper corner fitting of the lower container and the other lashing on the lower corner fitting of the upper container. Since the container couplings the container but do not couple with each other without play, it must be assumed that the two lashings are unevenly loaded.

The ship's movement gives rise to accelerations which, with the container masses, shake forces that have to be absorbed by the lashings. These forces act, for example, in the upper layers and are then first of all absorbed by the lashing attached to the lower corner fitting of the upper container. Only after the slack in the connections of this lashing has been used up will the other parallel lashing begin to absorb forces. There is a risk that the first lashing or its attachment points are already overloaded.

This risk is caused by a fitting flap according to the one mentioned at the beginning DE 40 33 704 A1 or the WO 92/05049 A1 avoided. The fitting plates shown in it form a kind of rocker. As soon as one of the lashings, or both, introduces a tensile force into the fitting plate, it will twist in the ratio of the force and lever ratios and, as soon as a moment equilibrium has been established, it will assume a rest position. Every asymmetrical change in the introduction of forces immediately leads to readjustment of the fitting plate until the moment equilibrium is reached again. This has the advantage that the attached lashings or the corresponding attachment points are optimally used. Possible inaccuracies such as unevenly tensioned lashings, component tolerances or large play of the twistlocks, which lead to an asymmetrical load on the lashings, are automatically compensated for by means of the fitting plate. However, the recordings can tilt or kink in relation to the fitting plate parts if the lashing is not tensioned. Furthermore, a changed alignment between the lashing rods and the tensioning screw cannot be compensated if the entire system length changes when it is adapted to other container heights.

Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the problem of proposing a fitting plate of the type mentioned at the beginning which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.

To solve this problem, a fitting plate is provided with receptacles according to claim 1.

With the fitting plate according to the invention, a sufficiently pivotable attachment of the lashing rods to the fitting plate is ensured. The mountings cannot tilt or kink in relation to the fitting plate parts if the lashing is not tensioned. The articulated mounting of the recordings also compensates for the changing alignment between the lashing rod and clamping screw when the entire system length changes when it is adapted to other container heights.

The two receptacles form a two-armed lever for the lashings with the same lever arm in relation to the first receptacle. In this case, the two lashings are evenly loaded. Alternatively, different lever arms can also be used. In this case, the distribution of force between the two lashings can be controlled. This is because it can be quite advantageous to place a higher load on the upper corner fitting of the lower container (and thus the roof structure of the lower container) than the lower corner fitting of the upper container. The force distribution can, for example, be 60% for the upper container and 40% for the upper container.

Further developments of the invention emerge from the further dependent claims.

• Fig. 1 eine nicht zur Erfindung gehörende Anordnung in Vorderansicht;
• Fig. 2 ein Detail II der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 das Detail II gemäß Fig. 2 in Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 4 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Anordnung mit den Erfindungsmerkmalen in Vorderansicht;
• Fig. 5 eine Spannschraube mit Beschlagplatte für die Anordnung gemäß Fig. 4 in Vorderansicht;
• Fig. 6 die Spannschraube mit Beschlagplatte gemäß Fig. 5 in einem Querschnitt in der Ebene V-V;
• Fig. 7 die Spannschraube mit Beschlagplatte gemäß Fig. 5 in Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 8 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Spannschraube für eine weitere Anordnung mit den Erfindungsmerkmalen in perspektivischer Darstellung;
• Fig. 9 die Spannschraube gemäß Fig. 8 in Vorderansicht;
• Fig. 10 die Spannschraube gemäß Fig. 8 in Seitenansicht;
• Fig. 11 die Spannschraube gemäß Fig. 8 in einer Schnittdarstellung in der Ebene XI-XI.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawing show:

• Fig. 1 an arrangement not belonging to the invention in a front view;
• Fig. 2 a detail II of the arrangement according to Fig. 1 ;
• Fig. 3 the detail II according to Fig. 2 in side view;
• Fig. 4 a first embodiment of an arrangement with the features of the invention in a front view;
• Fig. 5 a clamping screw with fitting plate for the arrangement according to Fig. 4 in front view;
• Fig. 6 the clamping screw with the fitting plate according to Fig. 5 in a cross section in the plane VV;
• Fig. 7 the clamping screw with the fitting plate according to Fig. 5 in side view;
• Fig. 8 a further embodiment of a clamping screw for a further arrangement with the features of the invention in a perspective view;
• Fig. 9 the clamping screw according to Fig. 8 in front view;
• Fig. 10 the clamping screw according to Fig. 8 in side view;
• Fig. 11 the clamping screw according to Fig. 8 in a sectional view in plane XI-XI.

Fig. 1 shows a stack 10 of several containers stacked one on top of the other, with FIG Fig. 1 the lowermost container 11 of the first tier, the second container 12 of the second tier and the third container of the third tier (each counted from bottom to top) can be seen, which are stacked on deck 14 of a ship. In practice, eight or even ten layers of containers stacked on top of one another are used. Furthermore, several stacks 10 of containers arranged side by side and one behind the other are loaded on deck 14 of the ship.

The container 11 of the lowest (first) layer is coupled at its lower corner fittings 15 by means of a bottom lock to container foundations 16 which are welded to the deck 14 or a hatch cover. The containers 11, 12, 13, etc. are coupled to one another by twistlocks or midlocks, which on the one hand are in an upper corner fitting 17 of the respective lower container 11, 12, 13, etc. and on the other hand in the lower corner fitting 15 of the respective upper container 12, 13 intervene.

Furthermore, the containers 11 and 12 of the first and second layer are provided with a so-called external lashing, as shown in FIG DE 10 2013 103 951 A1 is shown and described, with a first lashing 18 and a second lashing 19 being arranged on each side of the container stack 10. Each lashing 18, 19 has a tensioning screw 20 and a lashing rod 21. The first lashing 18 is attached to the lower corner fitting 15 of the second container 12 of the second layer. This container 12 is therefore referred to below as the upper container 12. The second lashing 19 is attached to the upper corner fitting 17 of the first container 11 of the first, lowermost layer. This container 11 is therefore referred to below as the lower container 11.

According to normal practice, the lashings 18, 19 are each hooked with the upper end of the lashing rods 21 into the associated corner fitting 15 and 17, respectively. The lower end of the lashing rod 21 is hooked into the upper end of the associated clamping screw 20 of the lashing 18, 19, which in turn by means of a Shackle 22 is connected to the deck 14 at the lower end in a manner to be described in more detail below. Of course, it would also be conceivable that the clamping screw 21 is assigned to the respective container 11, 12 and the lashing rod 20 is assigned to the deck 14.

According to previous practice, the shackle 22 is screwed to a lashing plate welded to the deck of the ship or to a hatch cover, and the tensioning screw 20 is then tightened. In the present case, however, each of the two shackles 22 is screwed to one of the tensioning screws 20 with a receptacle, namely a bore 23 in a fitting plate 24. The distance between the two bores 23 is matched to the lashings 18, 19 in such a way that the lashings 18, 19 advantageously run approximately parallel to one another, but this is not absolutely necessary.

The fitting plate 24 has a further receptacle, namely a hole 25. Furthermore, at least one, but preferably two, lashing plates 26 arranged parallel to one another are provided on deck 14, the spacing of which is such that the fitting plate 24 can be freely arranged and pivoted between them. The lashing plates 26 are provided with holes 27 that are aligned with one another. The fitting plate 24 is arranged between the lashing plate 26 such that the bore 25 in the fitting plate 24 is also aligned with the bores 27 in the lashing plates 26 and is connected to the lashing plates 26 by means of a bolt 28. The bolt 28 is guided through the bores 25 and 27 and forms a pivot axis for the fitting plate 24. Stop bars 29 welded to the bracket plates 26 limit the possible pivoting movement of the fitting plate 24 so that it is always in a position that is easily accessible for the stevedore staff the shackle 22 of the tensioning screws 20 is located. However, the stop bars 29 are also so far outside the normal pivoting range of the fitting plate 24, which results from the maximum pivoting angle of the fitting plate 24 during the sea voyage, that this normal and desired pivoting movement is not hindered during the sea voyage.

Assuming an imaginary line 30 that runs through the longitudinal center axis of the bolt 28 and parallel to the lashings 18 and 19 between them ( Fig. 2 ), the bores 23 are on both sides of this line 30. The fitting plate accordingly forms a two-armed lever. It is particularly advantageous, but not absolutely necessary, if, as in the exemplary embodiment shown, the bores 23 and 27 form an equilateral triangle with the bore 27 or the bolt 28 as the tip. The respective distance h of the bores 23 to the line 30 is therefore the same, so that the same lever arms for the lashings 18, 19 result.

The fitting plate 24 accordingly forms a rocker. As soon as one or both of the lashings 18, 19 introduces a tensile force into the fitting plate 24, the fitting plate 24 will rotate in the ratio of the force and lever ratios. As soon as a moment equilibrium has been established, the fitting plate assumes a rest position. Any asymmetrical change in the introduction of forces, however, immediately leads to readjustment of the fitting plate 14 until a moment equilibrium has been established again. As a result, the attached lashings 18, 19 or the corresponding attachment points are optimally used. Possible inaccuracies such as unevenly tensioned lashings 18, 19, component tolerances or large play in the twistlocks, which lead to an asymmetrical load on the lashings 18, 19, are automatically compensated for by means of the fitting plate 24.

In the above-described example not belonging to the invention according to Figs. 1 to 3 the tensile force compensation via the fitting plate 24 is assigned to the shackles 22 attached to the lashing plates 26. Alternatively, it is also possible to assign the tension compensation to the lower ends of the lashing rods 21 facing the tensioning screws 20. This variant according to the invention is shown in Fig. 4 shown:
In the present case, the fitting plate 31 is attached to a common clamping screw 32. The two lashing rods 21 are attached to the fitting plate 31. In this case, only one tensioning screw 32 is required, the other, lower end of which is attached to a lashing plate 26, which may be appropriately reinforced.

A tensioning screw 32 with a fitting plate 31 attached to it for the variant according to FIG Fig. 4 is in the Figures 5 to 7 shown in more detail. In this exemplary embodiment, the fitting plate 31 is designed as a rocker-like lever with two arms. The fitting plate 31 is hinged to the clamping screw 32 by means of a bolt 34 guided through a central bore 33. The lashing rods 31 are designed in the usual way and are hung with their clamping screw knobs 35 in pockets 36 of receptacles 37, so-called head mountings, which are hingedly held on the fitting plate 31 in a manner to be described ( Fig. 6 ). In this context, “centered” means that the central bore 33 is arranged between the outer bores 36 without the central bore 33 necessarily having to be arranged exactly in the middle between the outer bores 36. Unequal lever arms of the receptacles 37 for the bore 33 are therefore also conceivable. In the present exemplary embodiment, however, it is also preferred that the fitting plate 31 is designed as a two-armed lever with the same lever arms, that is to say the same distances between the receptacles 37 and the bore 33.

Lashing rods 21 of different lengths are kept on board ships in order to adapt the total length of the lashings 18, 19 to different stack heights. The reason for this is that the adjustment range of the tensioning screw is approx. 1400-1500 mm and the lashing angle is approx. 40 ° - 45 °. This is due to the fact that with conventional lashings the lashing rod is aligned with the tensioning screw and therefore at some point the lower end of the lashing rod collides with the upper end of the threaded spindle of the tensioning screw. In the present variant, the distance between the receptacles 37 and the bore 33 is selected so that the lower ends of the lashing rods 21 are not even then collide with the tensioning screw 32 if the longest common lashing rods 21 do not collide with the tensioning screw 32 at the lowest conceivable of the usual stacking heights (only containers with a height of 8 feet and 6 inches). Again Fig. 4 As can be seen, the lashing rods 21 are then always guided past the tensioning screw 32. The easiest way to ensure this is that the distance between the receptacles 37 and the bore 33 is selected so that the lashing rods 21 in practice run parallel to one another or are arranged at such an angle (a) to one another that they open towards the fitting plate 31 like this in Fig. 4 is shown. As a result, there is no need to keep the lashing rods of different lengths that are otherwise customary due to different container heights on board the ship, but only the otherwise customary longest lashing rods. Lashing rods 21 with many tensioning screw knobs 35 can thus be used without the tensioning screws 32 colliding with the lashing rods 21. In this way, adjustment distances of approx. 1400-1500 mm with lashing angles of approx. 40 ° - 45 ° are conceivable. In practical implementation, one could support stacks of containers on the lower edge of the seventh layer. With regard to costs and feasibility, this variant also creates a realistic picture, as the technologies used are largely based on known standards.

The fitting plate 31 is designed in two parts and, as shown in the sectional view according to FIG Fig. 6 can be seen, approximately in the shape of an X, the two fitting plate parts 38 and 39 lying against one another in the region of the bore 34 and forming an open fork in their outer regions. In this fork-shaped area, the fitting plate parts 38, 39 have bores 40, in each of which a pin 41 of the associated receptacle 37 engages rotatably. In this way, the receptacles 37 are articulated to the fitting plate 31. Furthermore, the x-shaped / fork-like design of the fitting plate 31 ensures a uniform, torque-free introduction of the lashing rod forces into the fitting plate 31. Also, the untensioned unit consisting of clamping screw 31, fitting plate 31 and possibly still loosely attached lashing rods does not sag or kink.

During assembly, the receptacles 37 are inserted between the two fitting plate parts 38, 39 so that the pins 41 engage in the bores 40, and the fitting plate parts 38, 39 are joined together. The fitting plate 31 pre-assembled in this way is then articulated to one of the shackles 42 of the clamping screw 32 by means of the bolt 34. A separate The two fitting plate parts 38, 39 are also fixed in their position to one another and do not require a separate connection to one another, although this would of course also be conceivable in addition or as an alternative, e.g. by welding, gluing or riveting.

The clamping screw 32 has two forks 43, 44 which are screwed to the clamping screw body by means of their threaded spindles 45, 46 in a manner known per se. In a known manner, the threaded spindles 45, 46 and the associated nuts 47, 48 are provided with opposing threads. The threads of the threaded spindles 45, 46 are each enclosed by a tube, specifically a square tube 49. The length of the square tube 49 is matched to the space in the clamping screw housing 50. Furthermore, the square tube 49 is secured against rotation with respect to the threaded spindles 45, 46. As a result, the position of the forks 43, 44 relative to one another remains constant. When the clamping screw housing 50 is rotated with respect to the forks 43, 44 when the clamping screw 32 is tightened or released, it is ensured that both nuts 47, 48 rotate uniformly along the threaded spindles 45, 46. The longitudinal adjustment of the clamping screw 32 is thus distributed evenly over both threaded spindles.

Furthermore, it is also possible to assign the tensile force compensation to the upper ends of the lashing rods 21 facing the corner fittings 15 and 17. In this case, only a single lashing could be used to which the fitting plate is coupled. The fitting plate could then be hooked directly into the corner fittings 15, 17. Where the traction balance is ultimately realized within the lashings 18/19 is of secondary importance. It is only important that the tensile forces acting on the corner fittings 15, 17 are balanced.

It is shown here that the containers 11, 12 of the two lower layers are secured with lashings 18, 19. It is also known to secure containers of higher layers with lashings 18, 19 in a similar manner, which are then attached to a lashing bridge in place of the deck 14. The invention is also suitable for this application.

Another embodiment for a clamping screw 51, which in one of the arrangement according to Fig. 4 Similar arrangement can be used, show the Figures 8-11 .

As the clamping screw 32 according to Figures 4 to 7 the clamping screw 51 according to the present exemplary embodiment has two fitting plate parts 52 and 53, which together form a fitting plate within the meaning of this invention. The fitting plate, that is to say the two fitting plate parts 52, 53, are rotatably connected to one of the two threaded spindles 55 of the clamping screw 51 via a bolt 54. The bolt 54 accordingly again forms an axis of rotation for the fitting plate parts 52, 53, which in turn form a two-armed lever.

At the outer, free ends between the fitting plate parts 52, 53 a receptacle 56 and 57 each for a lashing rod are arranged, which are each rotatably mounted in bores 60 and 61 in the fitting plate parts 52, 53 via bolts 58 and 59, respectively.

The distances L1 and L2 between the bolt 54 on the one hand and the bolts 58 or 59 on the other hand is the same in the present exemplary embodiment (L1 = L2). The fitting plates 51, 52 accordingly again form a lever with equal arms, which results in an even load distribution on the lashing rods. In certain cases, however, this is not desired, but rather an uneven load distribution in a certain ratio may be preferred. In such a case, the distances L1 and L2 can differ from one another by a desired amount (L1 ≠ L2). If necessary, one of the two or both distances L1, L2 can also be designed to be adjustable.

An essential difference between the tensioning screw 51 and the tensioning screw 32 is the elastic element, namely a spring 62 which pulls on the side of the receptacles 56 and 57 facing the bolt 54 with a certain pretension in the direction of the bolt 54 arranged between the receptacles 56 and 57. In the present case, the spring 62 is guided through a bore 63 in the bolt 54. Due to the tensile force due to the spring preload of the springs 62, the receptacles 56 and 57 are approximately in the Figures 8-11 orientation shown with pockets 64, 65 open to the outside, away from the bolt 54. This makes it easier for the stevedore to insert the lashing rods into the pockets 64, 65. Because the one spring 62 is guided through the bore 63 in the bolt 54, a certain stabilizing effect is also exerted on the fitting plate parts 52, 53, which the insertion of the lashing rods is further facilitated. Alternatively, it is of course also possible to use two separate springs for each receptacle 56, 57, which with their respective other end on the bolt or in another way on the threaded spindle or at least one of the two fitting plate parts 52, 53, possibly via a separate Holding element, are attached.

Another special feature of the present threaded spindle 51, also independent of the present invention, can be seen in the fact that its clamping screw body 66 has three rods 67, 68 and 69 instead of the otherwise usual only two rods, as this one for the clamping screws 32, for example in Fig. 5 is easy to see. The rods 65..67 connect the threads 47 and 48 to one another in the otherwise usual manner and together with them form the tensioning screw body 64. If necessary, four or more rods can also be provided. The rods 65..67 are preferably equidistant on the circumference distributed, i.e. when viewed in cross section they form an equilateral triangle in the case of three rods or a square in the case of four rods, etc.

By using three or more rods 65..67, the forces introduced are evenly absorbed. The variant with three rods 65..67 is particularly inexpensive and therefore preferred.

As mentioned, this clamping screw 52 with three or more rods 65..67 can also be used advantageously outside the invention, e.g. for conventional lashings.

Otherwise, the tensioning screw 51 corresponds to the tensioning screw 32, so that the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

List of reference symbols:

10

Container stack

11

Container

12th

Container

13th

Container

14th

deck

15th

lower corner fitting

16

foundation

17th

upper corner fitting

18th

Lashing

19th

Lashing

20th

Clamping screw

21

Lashing rod

22nd

Shackle

23

drilling

24

Fitting plate

25th

drilling

26th

Lashing plate

27

drilling

28

bolt

29

Stop latch

30th

line

31

Fitting plate

32

Clamping screw

33

drilling

34

bolt

35

Turnbuckle knob

36

bag

37

admission

38

Fitting plate part

39

Fitting plate part

40

drilling

41

Cones

42

Shackle

43

fork

44

fork

45

Threaded spindle

46

Threaded spindle

47

mother

48

mother

49

Square tube

50

Turnbuckle housing

51

Clamping screw

52

Fitting plate part

53

Fitting plate part

54

bolt

55

Threaded spindle

56

admission

57

admission

58

bolt

59

bolt

60

drilling

61

drilling

62

feather

63

drilling

64

Bags

65

Bags

66

Turnbuckle body

67

pole

68

pole

69

pole

Claims (12)

1. A fitting plate (31; 52, 53) for lashing containers (11, 12) on board of ships, comprising a first accommodation (33) and two further accommodations (37; 60, 61), wherein the two further accommodations (37; 56, 67) form a two-armed lever in relation to the first accommodation (33) and are provided with one pocket (36; 64, 65) each for receiving a tensioning screw stud (35) of a lashing rod (21), characterized in that the two further accommodations (37; 56, 67) are hingedly mounted between two fitting plate parts (38, 39; 52, 53).
2. The fitting plate (31; 52, 53) according to claim 1, characterized in that the two further accommodations (37; 56, 57) form a two-armed lever with equal lever arm (L1, L2) or different lever arm (L1, L2) in relation to the first accommodation (33).
3. The fitting plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a retaining means is assigned to the accommodations (56, 57), said retaining means retaining the accommodations (56, 57) in a position facilitating the insertion of a lashing rod (21).
4. The fitting plate according to claim 3, characterized in that a joint retaining means is assigned to the accommodations (56).
5. The fitting plate according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the retaining means is a spring (62), in particular a tensioning force-biased spring.
6. A device for lashing containers (11, 12) on board of ships, comprising at least one first lashing (18) which is assigned to a corner fitting (15) of one of the containers (12) and a second lashing (19) which is assigned to a corner fitting (17) of another one of the containers (12), characterized in that a tensioning force compensation by means of a fitting plate (24; 31; 52, 53) according to any of claims 1 to 5 is provided between the lashings (18, 19).
7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the fitting plate (31) is hingedly connected with a tensioning screw (32, 51).
8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the distance of the further accommodations (37; 56, 57) to the first accommodation (33) is chosen such that the lashing rods (21), with usual stacking heights of the container stack, do not collide with the tensioning screw (32, 51), in particular that the lashing rods (21) extend in parallel to each other or at such an angle (α) to each other that they open towards the fitting plate (31).
9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the tensioning screw (32) is provided with two forks (43, 44) with threaded spindle (45, 46) which cooperate with spindle nuts (47, 48).
10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the tensioning screw (32) comprises a tube, in particular a square tube (49), which encloses threaded spindles (45, 46) and is secured from twisting relative to the threaded spindles (45, 46).
11. An arrangement for lashing containers on board of ships, comprising a fitting plate (31; 52, 53) according to any of claims 1 to 5 and/or a device according to any of claims 6 to 10.
12. The arrangement according to claim 11, characterized by two lashings (18, 19) such that the one lashing (18) is assigned to the one accommodation (37; 56) for the lashings (18, 19) and the other lashing (19) is assigned to the other accommodation (37; 57) for the lashings (18, 19).

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