EP3591332B1 - Pénétrateur comprenant un corps, une tête et un amortisseur entre les deux - Google Patents

Pénétrateur comprenant un corps, une tête et un amortisseur entre les deux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3591332B1
EP3591332B1 EP19179756.2A EP19179756A EP3591332B1 EP 3591332 B1 EP3591332 B1 EP 3591332B1 EP 19179756 A EP19179756 A EP 19179756A EP 3591332 B1 EP3591332 B1 EP 3591332B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
penetrator
shock absorber
head
damping
manner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19179756.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3591332B8 (fr
EP3591332A1 (fr
Inventor
Jakob Breiner
Martin Baur
Markus Graswald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
Original Assignee
TDW Gesellschaft fuer Verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH
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Publication of EP3591332A1 publication Critical patent/EP3591332A1/fr
Publication of EP3591332B1 publication Critical patent/EP3591332B1/fr
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Publication of EP3591332B8 publication Critical patent/EP3591332B8/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
    • F42B30/02—Bullets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • F42B15/08—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles for carrying measuring instruments; Arrangements for mounting sensitive cargo within a projectile; Arrangements for acoustic sensitive cargo within a projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/001—Devices or processes for assembling ammunition, cartridges or cartridge elements from parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a penetrator.
  • the present invention relates in particular to a penetrator for a supersonic missile, such as a guided missile, a guided or unguided rocket, and/or a (ballistic) projectile or the like, for impacting targets made of ultra-high strength target material.
  • UHPC ultra high performance concrete
  • steel fibers are mixed in as high-strength components, which means that a greatly increased compressive strength of the concrete of up to 200 MPa can be achieved.
  • Added polypropylene fibers also improve the fire resistance and prevent the UHPC from suddenly failing when exposed to fire due to a very high vapor pressure.
  • penetrators with very high impact speeds are proposed, among other things.
  • the resulting high impact forces mean that the inner components of the penetrator, including the electronic elements and in particular the active charge, must be able to withstand the extremely high mechanical shock loads are protected. Irrespective of this, higher demands are generally placed on the mechanical resistance of the penetrator and in particular on its housing, so that it can penetrate the target material as completely as possible without premature structural failure.
  • the high compressive strength of such concrete materials can increase the risk of ricochets when hitting at an angle.
  • the pamphlet EP 2 002 197 B1 describes a missile with a missile head in which electronic equipment is installed, which is sealed against the missile head via an O-ring, with the O-ring also intended to dampen vibrations.
  • the DE 14 28 679 C1 describes a penetrator projectile comprising at least two penetrator parts arranged axially one behind the other and separated by an intermediate layer of damping material.
  • the object of the present invention is to find solutions for supersonic penetrators with improved impact damping.
  • the penetrator includes a penetrator body, a penetrator head modularly configured for releasable attachment to the penetrator body, and a planar shock absorber configured between the penetrator body and the penetrator head to absorb impact loads of the penetrator head on the penetrator body.
  • One idea on which the present invention is based is to design a penetrator, ie an effective system for a missile, a rocket and/or a projectile or the like, in a modular manner with an exchangeable head, the modular design providing a particularly convenient area of attachment for cushioning between the head and torso of the penetrator.
  • the damping is carried out over a large area in order to achieve the best possible compromise between the required installation space and the damping effect against pressure stress.
  • Impact-sensitive components of the penetrator such as electronic components, active charges or the like, can be protected by means of the damping. For example, an undesired premature detonation of an explosive charge can be avoided in this way.
  • Such sensitive elements can be accommodated, for example, in the body of the penetrator.
  • the probability of failure and/or defects when using the penetrator can be reduced.
  • the system according to the invention can also withstand the considerable shock loads of an impact at supersonic speeds.
  • the damping offers additional protection of the system against, for example, a detonation of a possible pre-shaped charge or the like.
  • the modular design of the penetrator offers the further advantage that the penetrator can be flexibly equipped with different heads, which can be designed differently depending on the specific application, for example.
  • separate active charges can be provided, which can be divided between the two modules (ie the head and the body), it being possible for the separate charges to be ignited independently of one another or under different conditions.
  • the penetrator body can be subdivided into further modules, which can also have separate active charges and/or can carry different payloads and/or further components.
  • Such multi-stage active charges can in particular be designed with delayed ignition relative to one another, for example in combination with an ignition system which determines a penetration depth and ignites certain active charges based on this.
  • the size of the individual active charges can be reduced with such divided charges.
  • the shock absorber can include a first damping disc.
  • the damping disc can, for example, have low-density materials with a low modulus of elasticity and a high yield point or be made of these, e.g. B. magnesium and / or aluminum alloys, glass fiber reinforced plastic, etc., to ensure sufficient elastic deformation and high strain rates.
  • the first damping disk can be closed and arranged axially.
  • the damping system can therefore be designed in a particularly simple manner in the form of a single disk.
  • the shock absorber can include at least one second damping disk.
  • the second damping disk may be ring-shaped and axially concentric with the first damping disk.
  • additional damping disks can also be provided, which can also be arranged in a ring shape and axially concentrically to the first and the second damping disk, for example.
  • further closed or ring-shaped damping discs are integrated into the shock absorber.
  • several closed and/or ring-shaped damping discs can be arranged axially one behind the other.
  • the shock absorber can be made from a solid material, at least in some areas.
  • the shock absorber can be made entirely from a solid material.
  • the shock absorber includes one or more damping washers made from the same or different solid materials.
  • a closed first damping disc can consist of a metal material such as a metal, a metal alloy or a combination of metal materials, for example a magnesium alloy and/or an aluminum alloy.
  • the shock absorber can have a honeycomb structure and/or a corrugated structure at least in regions.
  • complex inner geometries or inner structures of the shock absorber or its damping discs are provided.
  • the shock absorber can include one or more damping discs that are made of a honeycomb material and/or form a honeycomb structure.
  • differently shaped cavity structures can be provided, e.g. foam-like materials.
  • the shock absorber can have a light metal material, a fiber composite material and/or a plastic.
  • the shock absorber may include one or more damping washers that include and/or are made of a light metal material, such as an aluminum material.
  • plastics and/or fiber materials can be used, e.g. glass fiber and/or carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the shock absorber has a multi-stage design for adjusting the damping behavior.
  • the shock absorber designed in several stages for progressive absorption of impact loads.
  • the shock absorber can comprise a plurality of damping disks which are arranged axially one behind the other and have different mechanical damping properties, for example a plurality of damping disks with an incrementally increasing or decreasing modulus of elasticity.
  • damping disks can be provided, which consist of several layers with corresponding properties.
  • radial fastening bores can be formed in the penetrator body and the penetrator head.
  • the penetrator head and the penetrator body can be designed such that they can be plugged together in order to align the fastening bores with one another.
  • a plurality of bolt bores may be formed azimuthally around the penetrator head and penetrator body.
  • the radial fastening bores can be designed as oblong holes. Elongated holes are particularly suitable as fastening bores so that a relative axial movement of the penetrator head and the penetrator body can be compensated for without damaging the structure of the penetrator.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a penetrator 10 obliquely from the front.
  • the penetrator 10 is designed for use at supersonic speeds, eg, Mach 2 or greater, specifically for impacting targets constructed of ultra-high performance target material, such as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).
  • ultra-high performance target material such as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).
  • UHPC ultra-high performance concrete
  • the penetrator When impacted at such a speed with such a material, in typical applications the penetrator must withstand impact loads in excess of 300,000 m/s 2 applied for sub-millisecond periods.
  • several different techniques are combined in the penetrator shown, as will be explained in detail below.
  • Previously known systems are often not able to withstand an impact at supersonic speeds, e.g. due to structural failure, destruction of the electronics, premature shock initiation of the explosive charge, etc.
  • conventional systems are often inefficient with regard to failure mechanisms, friction, etc.
  • the invention is in principle not limited to this application, but can also be used in the subsonic range.
  • the penetrator can be trained to engage targets made of materials other than UHPC.
  • the penetrator 10 the 1 comprises a penetrator head 6 and a penetrator body 7, which are of modular design and can be detachably attached to one another.
  • the penetrator head 6 thus serves to a certain extent as an attachment which can be assembled for specific applications. Dampening is provided between the penetrator head 6 and the penetrator body 7, as described with reference to FIG 6 is explained in more detail below.
  • the geometrical configuration of the penetrator 10 described as follows, together with the penetrator head 6 and the penetrator body 7, is to be understood merely as an example. In the 6 The damping shown can also be combined with differently designed penetrators 10 .
  • the penetrator head 6 is made integrally with a penetrator tip 1 and a chisel ring 2 from a tungsten-based solid carbide with a cobalt matrix. In general, however, in other versions these components can have any heavy-metal-based alloy, in particular with a ceramic component in a ductile matrix.
  • the penetrator tip 1 has an ogive nose shape and is axially positioned in front of the chisel ring 2 (cf. e.g figure 5 ).
  • the chisel collar has five chisel elements 3, which are arranged radially offset around the penetrator tip 1 at regular azimuthal distances from one another. Due to the forward positioning of the penetrator tip 1 , the individual chisel elements 3 are positioned axially set back in relation to the penetrator tip 1 .
  • Each chisel element 3 has a radially aligned radial cutter 4 and an azimuthally aligned azimuthal cutter 5 (cf. 3 ).
  • Each radial cutting edge 4 stands radially from the penetrator tip 1 away. The respective azimuthal cutting edge 5 in turn sits radially on the outside on the associated radial cutting edge 4 .
  • the radial cutters 4 are arranged axially set back from the azimuthal cutters 5 , with the chisel elements 3 specifically running from the azimuthal cutter 5 via the radial cutter 4 axially diagonally backwards at an angle of about 60° to the penetrator tip 1 .
  • Each radial cutting edge 4 is ground on two sides, while the azimuthal cutting edges 5 are ground on one side and have a cutting edge tapering axially to the rear.
  • the penetrator tip 1 and the surrounding chisel collar 2 of the penetrator 10 shown are designed and arranged geometrically in such a way that a multi-stage penetration process is created, through which a greatly increased penetrating capacity compared to conventional penetrators when used on armor made of UHPC is achieved.
  • the penetrator 10 first impacts a target object with the penetrator tip 1 positioned in front, with radially spreading damage to the target object occurring in the impact area.
  • the chisel elements 3 of the chisel collar 2 then hit the target with the azimuthal cutting edges 5 and engage in it like a claw.
  • Both the one-sided cutter shape and the arrangement of the azimuthal cutters 5 reduce the risk of ricochets at oblique impact angles. Due to the momentum present, the penetrator 10 is then driven further into the target. Here, the radial cutting edges 4 shatter the previously damaged impact point between the azimuthal cutting edges 5 and the penetrator tip 1, with reinforcement elements such as steel reinforcements or steel fibers in particular being severed or cut through by the radial cutting edges 4.
  • the double-edged design of the radial cutters 4 prevents an undesired rotation of the penetrator 10 from being generated. At the same time, debris produced between the chisel elements 3 can flow off unhindered.
  • the penetrator head 6 has a larger radial diameter than the cutter ring 2 (cf. figure 5 ), so that the debris is then pushed outwards. Once a critical depth of penetration is reached, a rear face of the armor material can be scabbed off due to massive shear failure of the armor material. The sensitivity of the armor material to shear loads was previously significantly increased due to the targeted cutting of the reinforcement structures.
  • the penetrator body 7 has a cylindrical basic shape, along which a total of four axially aligned slide rails 8 and four also axially aligned debris channels 9 are arranged alternating in azimuth.
  • the debris channels 9 are used here to convey debris that is discharged along the penetrator head 6 .
  • the debris channels 9 have been milled into the penetrator body 7 as depressions.
  • the debris channels 9 thus ensure hydrostatic pressure equalization during penetration of the penetrator 10 into the target object.
  • Both the penetrator head 6 and the penetrator body 7, in particular the penetrator tip 1 and/or the slide rails 8, can be provided with a suitable low-friction and/or wear-resistant coating in order to further improve the penetration of the penetrator 10.
  • a suitable low-friction and/or wear-resistant coating in order to further improve the penetration of the penetrator 10.
  • it is made of cold-work steel in this embodiment.
  • radial fastening bores 11 are formed in the penetrator body 7 and the penetrator head 6 .
  • the radial mounting holes 11 of the penetrator body 7 are incorporated into a mounting base 15 of the penetrator body 11, over which the penetrator body 7 can be inserted into a complementarily shaped receiving recess 16 of the penetrator head 6 .
  • the penetrator head 6 in turn has a fastening collar 17 through which its radial fastening bores 11 pass.
  • the penetrator body 7 and the penetrator head 6 can thus be plugged together in such a way that the fastening bores 11 are aligned with one another and corresponding screws, bolts or similar fastening means can then be inserted.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic perspective view of the penetrator 1 from obliquely in front with a built-in shock absorber 12 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the shock absorber 12 is formed over an area between the penetrator body 7 and the penetrator head 6 in order to absorb impact loads of the penetrator head 6 on the penetrator body 7 which arise during impact with or penetration of a target object.
  • the shock absorber 12 includes a first damping disk 13, which is closed and arranged axially.
  • the shock absorber 12 includes a second damping disk 14 which is configured as an annular disk axially concentric with respect to the first damping disk 13 .
  • the first damping disk 13 rests on the mounting base 15 of the penetrator body 7 within the receiving recess 16 of the penetrator head 6 .
  • the second damping disk 14 is arranged around the mounting base 15 on the penetrator body 7 opposite the mounting collar 17 of the penetrator head 6 .
  • the geometries of the penetrator head 6 and the penetrator body 7 ensure that these bodies are guided linearly relative to one another, as a result of which, among other things, buckling or bending of the entire system can be prevented. Furthermore, a uniform loading of the damping discs 13, 14 is thereby achieved.
  • the damping discs 13, 14 can be made of a solid material such as an aluminum alloy or a fiber-reinforced plastic. In principle, however, more complex damping materials or damping systems can also be used, e.g. honeycomb structures, corrugated structures and/or the like. Furthermore, the damping discs 13, 14 can be multi-layered in order to gradually and/or progressively absorb shock loads. In principle, general complex internal geometries or internal structures of the damping discs 13, 14 are also provided in other designs.
  • the modular design of the penetrator 10 shown offers an advantageous attachment area for the shock absorber 12 between the penetrator body 7 and the penetrator head 6 due to the design to maximize compressive stress.
  • Shock-sensitive components of the penetrator 10 such as electronic components, active charges or the like, which can be accommodated in the penetrator body 7 (not shown), for example, can be protected by means of the damping.
  • the damping offers additional protection of the system against, for example, a detonation of a possible pre-shaped charge or the like. This is a significant advantage, since the shock loads that occur can fundamentally pose a technical challenge, for example for ignition electronics. For example, an undesired premature detonation of an explosive charge can be avoided in this way.
  • the probability of failure and/or defects when using the penetrator 10 can be reduced.
  • the fastening bores 11 in the embodiment shown are advantageously designed as oblong holes with a widened axial diameter along the penetrator axis, so that the fastening means have sufficient play when the penetrator 10 impacts and the penetrator head 6 springs against the penetrator body 7 as a result.
  • the penetrator shown is an efficient, highly effective and supersonic system with improved impact absorption for impacting ultra-high-strength targets, for example made of UHPC. Due to the modular design, the system is particularly flexible, quick and can be converted to suit the target.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Pénétrateur (10), comportant :
    un corps de pénétrateur (7) ;
    une tête de pénétrateur (6) qui est réalisée de manière modulaire pour la fixation amovible au corps de pénétrateur (7) ; et
    un amortisseur plat (12) qui est réalisé entre le corps de pénétrateur (7) et la tête de pénétrateur (6) pour amortir les charges de choc de la tête de pénétrateur (6) sur le corps de pénétrateur (7) ;
    dans lequel l'amortisseur (12) est réalisé à plusieurs étages pour une absorption progressive des charges de choc afin de régler le comportement d'amortissement.
  2. Pénétrateur (10) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'amortisseur (12) comprend un premier disque d'amortissement (13).
  3. Pénétrateur (10) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le premier disque d'amortissement (13) est réalisé fermé et disposé axialement.
  4. Pénétrateur (10) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel l'amortisseur (12) comprend au moins un deuxième disque d'amortissement (14) qui est réalisé de manière annulaire et axialement concentrique au premier disque d'amortissement (13).
  5. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'amortisseur (12) est fabriqué au moins dans certaines zones dans un matériau plein.
  6. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel l'amortisseur (12) présente au moins par section une structure en nid d'abeilles et/ou une structure ondulée.
  7. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel l'amortisseur (12) présente au moins un matériau parmi un matériau métallique léger, un matériau composite renforcé par fibres et/ou une matière plastique.
  8. Pénétrateur (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel des trous de fixation radiaux (11) sont réalisés dans le corps de pénétrateur (7) et la tête de pénétrateur (6), la tête de pénétrateur (6) et le corps de pénétrateur (7) pouvant être assemblés par emboîtement afin d'aligner les trous de fixation (11).
  9. Pénétrateur (10) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel les trous de fixation radiaux (11) sont réalisés sous la forme de trous oblongs.
EP19179756.2A 2018-07-06 2019-06-12 Pénétrateur comprenant un corps, une tête et un amortisseur entre les deux Active EP3591332B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018005406.4A DE102018005406B3 (de) 2018-07-06 2018-07-06 Penetrator

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3591332A1 EP3591332A1 (fr) 2020-01-08
EP3591332B1 true EP3591332B1 (fr) 2022-11-30
EP3591332B8 EP3591332B8 (fr) 2023-01-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19179756.2A Active EP3591332B8 (fr) 2018-07-06 2019-06-12 Pénétrateur comprenant un corps, une tête et un amortisseur entre les deux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3591332B8 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018005406B3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1428679C1 (de) * 1964-12-29 1977-09-15 Deutsch Franz Forsch Inst Hartkerngeschoss zur Bekaempfung von Panzerzielen
DE3209594A1 (de) 1982-03-17 1983-09-29 L'Etat Français représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement, 75997 Paris Panzerbrechendes wuchtgeschoss insbesondere zum bekaempfen von mehrplattenzielen
DE3209593A1 (de) * 1982-03-17 1983-09-29 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Unterkalibriges panzerbrechendes wuchtgeschoss (penetrator)
US5817969A (en) 1994-08-26 1998-10-06 Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec Ag Spin-stabilized projectile with payload
US7681834B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2010-03-23 Raytheon Company Composite missile nose cone
DE202015004089U1 (de) * 2015-06-02 2015-08-04 Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, dieses vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr Penetrator
DE102015013350A1 (de) 2015-10-15 2017-04-20 Mbda Deutschland Gmbh Lenkflugkörper und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Lenkflugkörpers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3591332B8 (fr) 2023-01-04
EP3591332A1 (fr) 2020-01-08
DE102018005406B3 (de) 2019-09-05

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