EP3055639B1 - Élément de protection équipé d'une couche de découplage - Google Patents

Élément de protection équipé d'une couche de découplage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3055639B1
EP3055639B1 EP14801916.9A EP14801916A EP3055639B1 EP 3055639 B1 EP3055639 B1 EP 3055639B1 EP 14801916 A EP14801916 A EP 14801916A EP 3055639 B1 EP3055639 B1 EP 3055639B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protective element
armour plate
layer
decoupling layer
protective
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14801916.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3055639A1 (fr
Inventor
Barbara Platschek
Robert Bayer
Torsten Jäger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3055639A1 publication Critical patent/EP3055639A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3055639B1 publication Critical patent/EP3055639B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective element arrangement for protecting an object from military threats with an armor plate, which has a threatening facing threat side and an object side facing in the direction of the object to be protected.
  • Another object of the invention is a vehicle body with such a protective element arrangement.
  • An effective protection against such fragmentation threats can be achieved only by softer, tensile materials, such as softer steels or metals, aramid fabric or polyethylene liners, which then in turn brings a weakening of the protection against armor-piercing ammunition with it.
  • protective elements which are intended to protect both against armor-piercing ammunition and against splinters have a comparatively complex construction.
  • the corresponding protective elements are constructed as sandwich structures whose individual layers have different materials, which act either against armor-piercing ammunition or against splinters.
  • Such a protective element is for example from the EP 0 251 395 A1 known.
  • the protective element On the threat side, the protective element has a harder but brittle ceramic layer for protection against armor-piercing ammunition and, on its object side facing the object to be protected, several layers of aluminum alloy for protection against splinters.
  • this makes it possible to achieve protection both against armor-piercing ammunition and against flatly acting splinters, a disadvantage lies in the multi-layered and thus altogether complex and heavy-weight construction of such protective elements.
  • Another protective element is from the WO 2005/103363 A2 known.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a simple in construction, effective against both armor-piercing ammunition and splitter protective element.
  • an armor-piercing ammunition as well as a splinter initially strikes the decoupling layer.
  • the decoupling layer does not represent any appreciable resistance.
  • the armor piercing ammunition striking the protective element penetrates the decoupling layer largely undisturbed and is trapped on the underlying, much harder armor plate.
  • a shock wave which is initiated by the splitter on the decoupling layer in the armor plate.
  • the shockwave propagates faster within the decoupling layer than the splitter penetrates into the decoupling layer, the shockwave runs in front of the penetrating splitter in the direction of the armor plate located behind it.
  • the resistance of the protective element is thus increased by simple means such that both armor piercing ammunition and splinters are held in a simple manner.
  • the first armor plate is designed as a tank steel plate.
  • the armor steel plate can consist of ultra-hard steel armor.
  • the decoupling layer is arranged directly on the armor plate.
  • a direct arrangement a defined transmission of the shock wave is achieved upon impact of a splitter from the decoupling layer on the armor plate.
  • the decoupling layer is glued to the armor plate, screwed or clamped.
  • the decoupling layer is applied directly to the armor plate. You can, for example, sprayed on, painted or be infused. It is particularly advantageous if the decoupling layer is attached over the entire surface of the armor plate.
  • the thickness of the decoupling layer can be between 0.5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 10 mm and even more preferably between 2 mm and 6 mm.
  • the decoupling layer consists of a plastic or rubber material. Such materials have a significantly lower modulus of elasticity than the armor plate. As a result, a kind of damping effect is achieved. It has proven to be particularly suitable if the decoupling layer comprises rubber, polymers, elastomers, natural and / or synthetic rubber, wherein a decoupling layer of an elastomer material is also distinguished over relatively long temperature ranges by good decoupling properties. Particularly preferably, the decoupling layer may consist of non-foamed polyurethane.
  • a further embodiment provides that the plastic or rubber material of the decoupling layer is formed fiber-free.
  • the plastic or rubber has a homogeneous composition.
  • the plastic or the rubber additives to increase the fire resistance, fire resistance, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance and / or coloration.
  • a reliable decoupling is achieved if the material of the decoupling layer has a Shore hardness of 70 to 95, in particular of 90.
  • the material of the decoupling layer has a rebound resilience of 30% to 50%.
  • the material of the decoupling layer has a basis weight of 0.8 to 1.5 kg / m 2 per mm thickness, in particular from 1.0 to 1.2 kg / m 2 per mm thickness.
  • the decoupling layer is preferably arranged over the entire surface of the armor plate.
  • a further development of the invention provides, in the case of an armor plate consisting of armor steel, that the armor plate has a hardness of at least 380 Brinell, preferably at least 500 Brinell and more preferably at least 600 Brinell.
  • the armor plate has a hardness of at least 380 Brinell, preferably at least 500 Brinell and more preferably at least 600 Brinell.
  • the thickness of the armor plate is preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm. It is preferably between 2 mm and 12 mm and more preferably between 4 mm and 10 mm. These thicknesses have proven especially in trained as armor steel plates armor plates.
  • an advantageous embodiment with regard to a compact design provides that the protective element has a multilayer structure in which the armor plate forms the thickest single layer.
  • the thickness of the armor plate may be at least 15%, preferably at least 50% and more preferably at least 75% of the thickness of the protective element.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the armor plate to the thickness of the decoupling layer is at least 1 and / or at most 10, more preferably at least 2 and at most 5.
  • the protective element has a protective layer covering the decoupling layer for protection against fire and / or environmental influences.
  • the resistance of the protective element against environmental influences and fire can be increased. Also results in an extension of the lifetime of the protective element. Maintenance intervals are shortened.
  • the damping effect of the decoupling layer can be improved by the protective layer, since the impact of a splitter is transferred from the protective layer to a larger surface of the decoupling layer than would be the case with a direct impact on the decoupling layer.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.05 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm. In this thickness range, a good protective effect for the protective element against environmental influences, and the weight of the protective element is not unnecessarily increased.
  • the protective layer is made of fiber composite material, metal or sand.
  • fiber composite material metal or sand.
  • Particularly advantageous are glass fiber composite material, Aluminum and steel proven, the steel is preferably thinner and softer than the armor plate.
  • the armor plate is harder than the protective layer and the protective layer is harder than the decoupling layer.
  • the protective layer is harder than the decoupling layer.
  • the armor plate forms the hardest layer of the protective element.
  • the protective layer advantageously forms on the threat side, the outermost layer of the protective element, so that the underlying layers are protected by the protective layer.
  • the protective layer is preferably arranged directly on the decoupling layer. It can be glued to the decoupling layer, screwed, clamped or applied directly, in particular sprayed on, brushed or poured.
  • the armor plate, the decoupling layer and / or the protective layer are preferably formed recess-free and / or free of cavities.
  • the protective element is designed as a protection module.
  • the protective element can be mounted as a unit on an object and disassembled. In this respect, the assembly and the replacement of damaged protective elements is particularly simplified.
  • the protective element arrangement has a second armor plate, which is arranged on the object side of the protective element. Over the second armor plate a certain redundancy is achieved, so that even in the event of a breach of the outer protective element or its first armor plate protection is still given.
  • the second armor plate is arranged at a distance from the armor plate of the protective element.
  • the protective effect of the protective element arrangement can be further increased. Due to the objectionable arrangement of the two armor plates creates a distance space. The distance space between the armor plate of the protective element and the second armor plate is filled with air and allows bending of the protective element, without this strikes directly on the underlying armor plate.
  • the distance between the armor plate of the protective element and the second armor plate is preferably 2 mm to 50 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 15 mm.
  • the second armor plate may be formed material identical to the armor plate of the protective element.
  • the thicknesses of the two armor plates may be substantially the same.
  • a decoupling layer is arranged on the threat side of the second armor plate.
  • the decoupling layer may be formed analogously to the decoupling layer of the protective element, whereby the already described advantages result here as well.
  • a third armor plate is disposed between the armor plate of the protective element and the second armor plate.
  • the protective effect of the protective element arrangement can be further increased.
  • the third armor plate is formed material identical to the first and / or second armor plate.
  • the armor plate of the protective element, the second armor plate and the third armor plate are spaced from each other.
  • the protective effect can be further increased.
  • the distances of air gaps are formed.
  • a further embodiment provides that the distance between the second armor plate and the third armor plate is greater than the distance between the third armor plate and the armor plate of the protective element.
  • the distance between the second armor plate and the third armor plate is 2 to 3 times greater than the distance between the third armor plate and the armor plate of the protective element.
  • All armor plates may be formed identical material or made of different materials.
  • the second and possibly third armor plates may be formed as armor steel plates and / or ceramic armor plates.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a protective element 1 for the protection of objects against military threats.
  • the protective element 1 is a protective module which can be attached as a structural unit to an object to be protected, such as a military vehicle, for its protection against armor-piercing ammunition as well as for protection against splinters.
  • the protective element 1 has an armor plate 2 consisting of a high-hardness material with a threat side 3 pointing in the direction of the military threat and an object side 4 pointing in the direction of the object to be protected.
  • the armor plate 2 forms the innermost layer of the protective element 1 and is mainly used to protect against armor-piercing ammunition body, which penetrate the more outer layers largely undisturbed and are not significantly affected until they reach the armor plate 2.
  • the armor plate 2 is according to the embodiment, a high-strength armor steel plate with a hardness of more than 380 Brinell.
  • the armor plate 2 forms not only the innermost layer of the protective element 1, but at the same time its hardest layer to act against armor-piercing ammunition.
  • the armor plate 2 has in the embodiment has a thickness of 10 mm.
  • ceramic armor plates 2 have proven themselves under weight aspects.
  • armor plates 2 made of a high-hardness material, although reliable against shelling by almost punctually impinging, armor-piercing ammunition, but they have weaknesses in the case of larger-scale acting splinters, the armor plate 2 is preceded by a decoupling layer 5 at the threat side.
  • the decoupling layer 5 When bombarded with armor-piercing ammunition, the decoupling layer 5 can provide no significant protection, since it consists of a softer, comparatively easy to penetrate from such a projectile material.
  • the decoupling layer 5 serves to protect against splinters, which rather impinge on the protective element 1 over a large area and, if they hit the brittle armor plate 2 directly, would possibly punch them through.
  • the decoupling layer 5 serves in the manner of a damping layer, to prepare the splitter on the later impact on the armor plate 2 so that it will not penetrate.
  • an elastic shock wave is introduced into the armor plate 2 via the decoupling layer 5.
  • the shock wave is formed upon impact of the splitter on the decoupling layer 5 and propagates through it in the direction of the underlying armor plate 2 continued. Since the shock wave within the decoupling layer 5 moves faster than the splitter penetrates into the layer, the shockwave and the splitter decouple from each other on the armor plate 2. This decoupling the impact of the splitter on the armor plate is temporally, spatially and geometrically prepared in such a way that the existing of a brittle material armor plate 2 is not punched.
  • a geometric preparation is achieved by the shape of the impacting on the decoupling layer 5 splitter is formed into a favorable, not to punch through the armor plate 2 leading shape.
  • This transformation is achieved in a geometrically favorable, mushroom-shaped form in turn by the decoupled from the actual splitter shock wave. Because the pressure generated by the shock wave leads to a local preconsolidation of the material of the armor plate 2. The splinter trailing the shockwave impinges on the armor plate 2 in this pre-solidified region and is more strongly deformed there upon impact. Also through this geometric preparation overloads are avoided and reduces the risk of punching of the armor plate 2.
  • the decoupling layer 5 is located directly on the threat side of the armor plate 2 and is connected to this area by gluing. Alternatively, the decoupling layer 5 can also be bolted to the armor plate 2, jammed, sprayed on, brushed or poured.
  • the thickness of the decoupling layer is 4 mm.
  • a thickness of the decoupling layer between 0.5 mm and 50 mm has proven to be advantageous. Particularly good results were found in a thickness range of 2 mm to 6 mm.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the decoupling layer 5 is considerably lower than that of the armor plate 2.
  • the decoupling layer 5 consists of non-foamed polyurethane. In principle, however, other materials are suitable as decoupling layer 5.
  • the material of the decoupling layer 5 is comparatively soft. Plastics and rubber materials have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • the Decoupling layer 5 of rubber, polymer, elastomer, natural rubber and / or synthetic rubber.
  • the decoupling layer 5 can also be constructed of plastic mixtures.
  • the plastic is formed without reinforcing fibers, so fiber-free.
  • the plastic preferably has a homogeneous structure. However, additives for increasing the fire resistance, fire resistance, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance and / or coloring can be added to the plastic of the decoupling layer 5.
  • Particularly suitable materials for the decoupling layer 5 have a rebound resilience of 30% to 50%, a Shore hardness of 70 to 75, and / or a flexural modulus of 14 MPa (2000 psi) to 48 MPa (7000 psi).
  • the weight per unit area of the decoupling layer 5 in the exemplary embodiment has 1.1 kg per square meter per millimeter thickness.
  • a protective layer 6 is provided for protection against external influences such as environmental influences or even fire or similar influences.
  • the protective layer 6 can be prevented, for example, that thrown on the vehicle Molotov cocktails damage the decoupling layer 5 in the way that it loses its effect.
  • the protective layer 6 has a smaller thickness than the decoupling layer 5.
  • the protective layer 6 forms the outermost layer of the protective element 1, is harder than the decoupling layer 5 and softer than the armor plate 2.
  • the protective layer 6 consists of a fiber composite material, a metal such as steel or aluminum and / or sand.
  • the protective layer 6 is made of a glass fiber composite material.
  • the protective layer 6 is arranged directly on the decoupling layer 5 and bonded to the decoupling layer 5.
  • the protective layer 6 may be different be connected to the decoupling layer 5, for example by coating or releasable connection, for example by jamming.
  • FIG. 2 shows first a protective element arrangement 10 with a protective element 1, in which on the object side further elements 7, 8 are arranged to improve the protective effect in a kind of redundant arrangement.
  • a second armor plate 7 is arranged, which is formed substantially identical to the armor plate 2 of the protective element 1.
  • the second armor plate 7 also has a decoupling layer 8 on its threat side 11. However, this can also be omitted according to further, not shown embodiments.
  • the armor plate 7 has a distance a relative to the armor plate 2 of the protective element 1, so that a clearance space is created between the protective element 1 and the armor plate 7 or the decoupling layer 8.
  • the spacer space 13 is filled with air, which is why the protective element 1 can deform in the direction of the armor plate 7 or the decoupling layer 8 located behind it without colliding with it.
  • a further embodiment of a protective element arrangement 10 is shown.
  • This protective element arrangement 10 essentially corresponds to the protective element arrangement according to FIG Fig. 2 However, has a third armor plate 9, which divides the distance space 13 into two space spaces 14 and 15.
  • the armor plate 2 of the protective element 1 has a distance b from the third armor plate 9 and the third armor plate 9 has a distance c to the second armor plate 7.
  • the left FSP 20 was shot on an armor plate 2 without decoupling layer and has penetrated this.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Arrangement d'élément de protection destiné à protéger un objet contre des menaces militaires avec un élément de protection (1), comprenant :
    - une première plaque de blindage (2) qui est réalisée sous la forme d'une plaque en acier de blindage, la première plaque de blindage (2) possédant un côté menace (3) orienté en direction d'une menace et un côté objet (4) orienté en direction de l'objet à protéger, et
    - une couche de découplage (5), disposée sur le côté menace (3) de la plaque de blindage (2), destinée à découpler temporellement l'impact d'un éclat sur la première plaque de blindage (2) de l'impact d'une onde de choc sur la plaque de blindage (2), l'onde de choc étant produite lors de l'impact de l'éclat sur la couche de découplage (5) ;
    l'épaisseur de la couche de découplage (5) étant égale ou inférieure à l'épaisseur de la première plaque de blindage (2), et
    comprenant une deuxième plaque de blindage (7) disposée de manière espacée par rapport à la première plaque de blindage (2), qui est disposée du côté objet de l'élément de protection (1), la disposition espacée des deux plaques de blindage (2, 7) donnant lieu à un espace d'écart, l'espace d'écart étant rempli d'air et permettant une flexion de l'élément de protection (1) sans que celui-ci frappe directement contre la plaque de blindage (7) qui se trouve derrière celui-ci.
  2. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de découplage (5) est disposée directement sur la première plaque de blindage (2).
  3. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche de découplage (5) se compose d'une matière plastique ou d'un caoutchouc.
  4. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première plaque de blindage (2) possède une dureté minimale de 380 selon Brinell, de préférence d'au moins 500 selon Brinell et encore de préférence d'au moins 600 selon Brinell.
  5. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une structure multicouche dans laquelle la première plaque de blindage (2) forme la couche individuelle la plus épaisse.
  6. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une couche de protection (6) qui recouvre la couche de découplage (5) pour la protéger contre l'incendie et/ou les influences environnementales.
  7. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la première plaque de blindage (2) est réalisée plus dure que la couche de protection (6) et la couche de protection (6) est réalisée plus dure que la couche de découplage (5).
  8. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une troisième plaque de blindage (9) est disposée entre la première plaque de blindage (2) de l'élément de protection (1) et la deuxième plaque de blindage (7).
  9. Arrangement d'élément de protection selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la première plaque de blindage (2) de l'élément de protection (1), la deuxième plaque de blindage (7) et la troisième plaque de blindage (9) sont disposées en étant respectivement espacées les unes des autres.
  10. Carrosserie de véhicule pour un véhicule blindé, caractérisée par un arrangement d'élément de protection (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
EP14801916.9A 2013-10-08 2014-10-07 Élément de protection équipé d'une couche de découplage Active EP3055639B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013111137.8A DE102013111137A1 (de) 2013-10-08 2013-10-08 Schutzelement mit Entkopplungsschicht
PCT/DE2014/100351 WO2015051783A1 (fr) 2013-10-08 2014-10-07 Élément de protection équipé d'une couche de découplage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3055639A1 EP3055639A1 (fr) 2016-08-17
EP3055639B1 true EP3055639B1 (fr) 2019-12-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14801916.9A Active EP3055639B1 (fr) 2013-10-08 2014-10-07 Élément de protection équipé d'une couche de découplage

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3055639B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013111137A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015051783A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015116879B4 (de) * 2015-10-05 2019-10-31 BENTELER Lightweight Protection GmbH & Co. KG Fahrzeug-Panzerungsbauteil
DE102015116884A1 (de) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-06 Benteler Defense Gmbh & Co. Kg Fahrzeug-Panzerungsbauteil
DE102019116363A1 (de) 2019-06-17 2020-12-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Panzerungsbauteils für Kraftfahrzeuge

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4545286A (en) * 1984-06-14 1985-10-08 Victor Fedij Active armor
NL8601650A (nl) 1986-06-24 1988-01-18 Fokker Special Products Pantserplaat.
DE3741090A1 (de) * 1987-12-04 1989-06-22 Mak Maschinenbau Krupp Flaechendaempfer fuer panzerfahrzeuge
GB8918252D0 (en) * 1988-12-10 1998-11-18 Diehl Gmbh & Co Armour
DE10007186A1 (de) * 2000-02-17 2001-10-11 Verseidag Indutex Gmbh Schutzvorrichtung
US6532857B1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2003-03-18 Ceradyne, Inc. Ceramic array armor
DE10200472A1 (de) * 2002-01-09 2003-07-10 Contitech Vibration Control Minenschutz für gepanzerte Fahrzeuge gegen Anti-Tank-Minen
WO2005103363A2 (fr) * 2004-04-23 2005-11-03 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Armature comprenant un elastomere durcissant sous sollicitations
ATE449948T1 (de) * 2003-12-29 2009-12-15 Ruag Land Systems Schutz-schicht gegen geformte ladungen

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None *

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Publication number Publication date
EP3055639A1 (fr) 2016-08-17
DE102013111137A1 (de) 2015-04-09
WO2015051783A1 (fr) 2015-04-16

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