EP3591166B1 - Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements - Google Patents
Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3591166B1 EP3591166B1 EP18181230.6A EP18181230A EP3591166B1 EP 3591166 B1 EP3591166 B1 EP 3591166B1 EP 18181230 A EP18181230 A EP 18181230A EP 3591166 B1 EP3591166 B1 EP 3591166B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- concrete
- protective
- seal
- tunnel lining
- protective element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 125
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001153 Polydicyclopentadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements, each with at least one protective element connected to the concrete element, the protective element having a protective section which has a first side facing the concrete element, on which at least one connecting element for establishing a holding connection of the protective section with the Concrete element is provided, the protective section consists of at least one plastic, the protective element having at least one protective element seal connected to the protective section, the connection to the protective section being gas-tight and liquid-tight, with a joint between the at least two concrete elements arranged for tunnel lining is present, wherein the joint is sealed gas-tight and liquid-tight to the tunnel interior by at least one protective element seal with a first sealing effect.
- Such tunnel construction with concrete elements with protective elements are among other things WO 2005/024183 A1 , WO 2011/085734 A1 , WO 2015/139807 A2 and from WO 2017/008913 A1 known.
- Alternative embodiments are from JP 2004132002 , DE 3800630 A1 and US 6328501 B1 known.
- tunnel lining is used, for example, in connection with tunnel boring machines which comprise a boring head, behind which a cylindrical shield with a shield jacket and a shield tail is arranged.
- the shield has a smaller outer diameter than the drill head, so that there is no direct contact between the tunnel wall and the shield.
- the concrete elements are positioned in the shield tail at the edge of the shield. They are pressed against the direction of advance against the adjacent concrete elements attached last and, if necessary, connected to them.
- Several concrete elements together form a tunnel extension in the form of a ring over the entire circumference of the tunnel. The tunnel expansion will then be gradually built ring by ring.
- the gap between a ring and tunnel wall is possibly filled with mortar, e.g. B. to prevent subsidence.
- mortar e.g. B. to prevent subsidence.
- an injection hole which is designed as a hole connecting the outer surface of the concrete element to the inner surface of the concrete element.
- This type of tunnel lining is also used, among other things, for the construction of sewer pipes, in particular of larger collecting pipes.
- increased demands are placed on the tightness of the tunnel cladding.
- the inside of the tubbing is sealed with a cladding so that no gases rising from the wastewater or possibly even the wastewater itself can get into the concrete via the tunnel walls and damage it (corrosion).
- the protective layer of protective elements protects the concrete of the concrete elements from the effects of aggressive (eg corrosive) gases or liquids. Together with seals, the protective elements of the concrete elements of the cladding thus seal the tunnel lining or its concrete elements from the inside.
- the concrete element is prefabricated with the protective element, which means that sealing the cladding as a separate work step in tunnel construction, for example welding the joints between the protective elements / protective layers of adjacent concrete elements, is no longer necessary.
- a protective layer is provided on the concrete element, which covers an inner surface of the tubbing opposite a convex outer surface.
- This protective layer exists according to DE 3800630 A1 made of metal.
- This protective layer exists according to WO 2005/024183 A1 made of fiberglass or polyethylene (PE), according to WO 2011/085734 A1 from polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), according to WO 2015/139807 A2 from a mixture of PE and pDCPD, or according to JP2004132002 made of a synthetic resin and in particular made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PVC, polyester or vinyl ester and is firmly anchored in the concrete by means of mechanical anchoring, so that an inseparable connection between the protective layer and the concrete is created.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PVC polyvinylene
- the protective layer is designed so that only the inside of the segment element is covered ( JP2004132002 ) or side surfaces of the concrete element are also partially included ( WO 2005/024183 A1 , WO 2011/085734 A1 , WO 2015/139807 A2 ).
- JP2004132002 JP2004132002
- side surfaces of the concrete element are also partially included ( WO 2005/024183 A1 , WO 2011/085734 A1 , WO 2015/139807 A2 ).
- a choice of material from the options mentioned above is also given for the protective elements according to the invention.
- a seal which protrudes beyond the protective layer, is then provided on the side surface.
- the seal is made of an elastic material so that when the individual tubbings are put together for tunnel lining, the joints between the adjacent concrete elements are closed by the seal.
- a protective element seal with the function described above is also provided for the protective elements according to the invention.
- the joints can be closed by welding the individual protective layers provided on the inside of the concrete elements.
- the concrete element itself is according to US 6328501 B1 and WO 2005/024183 A1 produced by means of formwork.
- a protective layer is placed on the bottom of the formwork in the formwork.
- protective layer elements are also placed on the side walls of the formwork.
- the formwork has a recess into which the seal is inserted. Then the concrete is poured into the formwork in conjunction with the reinforcement. After the concrete has hardened, the segment is used as a tunnel lining.
- the entire ring may not be covered with a protective layer, but in the sole area the protective layer or the welding of the protective layer is left out in the area that does not dry out.
- the water that is present can then flow down to the sole on the side of the protective elements facing the concrete elements and then enter the tunnel there and flow off over it. This is possible if this area does not dry out so that the concrete does not corrode due to gases.
- Such a structure is not possible if the wastewater alone cannot be diluted, or if the wastewater alone is already so aggressive that the concrete is impaired.
- the protective section has at least one drainage element, for example an opening in the protective element or also a sleeve / an erector plug with openings, possibly with a closure element, through which a liquid from the first side of the protective section can pass through to the opposite side of the protective section facing away from the concrete element.
- the existing groundwater is instead purposefully discharged through the protective element, thereby preventing pressure-related detachment. In this case, however, the gas tightness of the protective element must be guaranteed despite the drainage element.
- the solution according to the invention provides that at least one concrete element has at least one concrete element seal arranged separately from the protective element with a second sealing effect, which seals the joint gas- and liquid-tight against the rock, that the protective element seal has a lower sealing effect than the concrete element seal, that the tunnel lining there is drainage from a mountain surrounding the tunnel lining into a tunnel formed by the tunnel lining, that between the protective element seal and the concrete element seal there is water permeability from the concrete element into the joint, and that the drainage through the joint between the at least two concrete elements in the section takes place between the concrete element seal and the protective element seal (30) and through the protective element seal.
- Another teaching of the invention provides that the concrete element seal is provided on the protective element at a distance from the protective element seal. This enables safe drainage out of the concrete element in a simple manner.
- Another teaching of the invention provides that the concrete element seal is arranged in a recess in the concrete element. This enables a secure arrangement of the concrete element seal on the concrete element in a simple manner.
- the protective section has at least one floor section or at least one floor section and at least one wall section. In this way, a sufficient protective element is provided in a simple manner.
- the connecting element is an anchor structure, a honeycomb structure, a web, a pin and / or a surface element with openings.
- the connecting element is projections which preferably consist of the same plastic as the bottom section and / or wall section.
- the protective section is connected in one piece to the at least one connecting element, the one-piece connection preferably being produced by injection molding of the plastic.
- surface elements such as honeycomb structures or surface sections with through openings, allow the protective element to be anchored particularly well to the concrete element over the entire surface of the protective element.
- the additional provision of pins or the like, which, if necessary, extend further into the concrete of the concrete element, an increased punctual increase in the holding force can be achieved.
- the gas-tight and liquid-tight connection between the protective section and the protective element seal is injection molded.
- the protective element seal with the protective section is produced by injection molding with at least one plastic. This makes it possible to limit the injection molding essentially to the direct connection of the base section to the protective element seal.
- Injection molding ensures that the protective elements are manufactured with a consistently high quality, so that the protective effect of the protective element in relation to the finished concrete element is particularly high and of consistently high quality, regardless of the manufacturing process of the concrete element.
- the protective element is shaped in such a way that, in relation to the seal, an enclosure of the sealing material with the injection molding material, which is provided on at least three sides, is provided.
- Injection molding is understood here to mean all processes that can be subsumed under injection molding, i.e. processes in which one or more thermoplastics / thermosets / elastomers, for example as polymers or monomers, are introduced into a mold alone, individually, one after the other or at the same time (for example Overmolding / overmolding or multi-component injection molding), or in which monomers are processed that only become polymers in the injection mold (e.g. reaction overmolding).
- the plastic is a polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), preferably high temperature resistant, a resin into which glass fibers are preferably introduced, or a thermoplastic, preferably PE.
- pDCPD polydicyclopentadiene
- PE thermoplastic
- Another teaching of the invention provides that the at least two concrete elements are gas-tight with respect to the inside of the tunnel through the provision of the one protective element in each case. In this way, a high corrosion resistance of the tunnel lining is achieved in a simple manner.
- the tunnel lining is constructed in two parts, with an inner concrete element on which the protective element is arranged, and an outer concrete element on which the concrete element seal is arranged. It is advantageous that between the Concrete elements a joint, preferably concentric, is provided through which a fluid flow can take place. Another teaching of the invention provides that the joint is filled with a liquid-permeable filler material. It has been shown that in this way, in a particularly simple manner, should a two-part tunnel lining be necessary, a simple drainage option is provided, with a high level of corrosion resistance being achieved at the same time in a simple manner.
- the bottom and / or the wall section essentially consists of a film, a plate or a sheet, which is preferably connected with connecting elements, and / or is formed from a further plastic, for example PE .
- PE polyethylene
- Another teaching of the invention provides that additional drainage elements can be provided in the flat sections of the protective elements. This is advantageous if the drainage according to the invention should not be considered sufficient when dimensioning the tunnel lining.
- Another teaching of the invention provides in this context that a ceiling element is also provided, so that a hollow body is produced, into which the concrete and, if necessary, reinforcement is then introduced during injection molding. This is particularly advantageous if the outside of the concrete element must also be protected against aggressive water in the mountains.
- a lining ring made of concrete elements 10 (tubbings) ( Fig. 1 ) intended.
- the concrete element has a convex upper side 11 and an opposite underside 12 (in Fig. 1 covered by a protective element 20).
- the protective element 20 is arranged on the underside 12 of the concrete element 10.
- the concrete element 10 has recesses 14 on its wall sections 13, which are not covered by the protective element 20, for example.
- Concrete element seals 50 are arranged in the recesses 14. These have a sealing surface 51 which, when the individual concrete elements 10 are assembled, either meets another wall section 13 or another sealing surface 51 of a concrete element seal 50.
- the concrete element seal 50 has chambers 52, for example.
- the elastic plastic of the concrete element seal 50 is deformed and the chambers 52 are compressed.
- holding projections can optionally be arranged which engage in the concrete 16 after it has been poured.
- the protective element 20 has a bottom section 21 and wall sections 22, 23.
- the connection between seal 30 and protective element 20 is made, for example, by injection molding.
- a spacing 15 is provided which is not covered by the protective element 20.
- the concrete element 10 can also have only one protective element 20 with a bottom section 21 (not shown) on which the protective element seal 30 is arranged in a gas- and liquid-tight manner, for example by injection molding.
- the protective element 20 has a bottom section 21, on the outer sides of which wall sections 22, 23 are arranged essentially at right angles, but also in any other arrangement.
- the inside of the floor section 21 has holding elements 17, for example pins.
- webs can also be arranged parallel to an outer wall and webs to the outer wall arranged at right angles thereto.
- the webs can, for example, be provided with openings through which concrete 16 can pass and thus produce a particularly good holding connection after hardening.
- the bottom section 21 has a second flat section 28, which can consist of a PE film, for example.
- This second section can extend over the entire base section 21 or only parts thereof. It is preferably connected to the rest of the protective element 20, in particular the first section 25, which can form part or the entire wall section 22, 23, by means of injection molding.
- the protective element seal 30 consists of an elastic plastic.
- the seal 30 has a sealing surface 31 which, when the individual concrete elements are assembled, meets either another concrete surface or another sealing surface 31 of a protective element seal 30.
- the protective element seal 30 has chambers 32.
- the elastic plastic of the protective element seal 30 is deformed and the chambers 32 are compressed.
- the sealing surface 31 holding projections 33 are arranged, which in the plastic Wall sections 22, 23 of the protective element 20 engage. This and the adjacent side walls of the protective element seal 30 combine with the plastic of the protective element during injection molding or are enclosed by this in a gas-tight manner.
- the protective element seal 30 has a sealing effect that is smaller than the sealing effect of the concrete element seal 50 but is sufficiently great that no gases or liquids can pass from the tunnel interior 100 through the protective element seal 30 and, for example, can get into the joint and then with the Concrete 16 can come into contact.
- a protective element 20 as shown in Fig. 1 is shown can be made, for example, by injection molding. Alternative embodiments are in Fig. 1 and 3a to 3d shown.
- Figures 3a to 3d show alternative embodiments of the protective element 20 with a view to the fact that the protective element 20 or the floor section and / or the wall section are at least partially made of a flat section 28 from prefabricated semi-finished products such as webs with projections arranged thereon.
- Figures 3a to 3d show various exemplary ways of connecting the second section 28 to a first section 25, which was produced, for example, by injection molding. This connection can be made abruptly ( Figures 3a, 3d and 3c ) or the second section 28 is joined by the first section 25 on one side (not shown) or on both sides ( Fig. 3d ) encompassed.
- the flat element forming the second section 28 is provided not only as a component of the bottom section 21, but also as a wall section 22, 23.
- the intermittent joining, as in Figures 3a, 3d and 3c shown, has surprisingly proven to be sufficient in particular in the connection of PE as a flat element and pDCPD as an injection-mouldable plastic of the first section 25.
- PE as a flat element
- pDCPD as an injection-mouldable plastic of the first section 25.
- the tunnel lining 300 is formed by assembling the concrete elements 10 to form a ring on the rock 200 and arranging several rings to form an expansion. Joints 40 are present between the concrete elements 10 as a result of the assembly. These joints are closed by the concrete element seals 50 on the mountain side in such a way that their sealing effect is greater than the groundwater pressure, so that no groundwater or other pending liquids can enter the joints 40 behind the concrete element seal 50.
- the concrete element seal 50 is designed in such a way that its sealing effect prevents the groundwater from penetrating into the joint 40 behind the concrete element seal 50. If there are cracks in the concrete 16 in the event of damage or if the groundwater penetrates through the concrete 16 in the event of damage, this may be present on the underside 12 of the concrete element 10 on the inside of the protective element 20.
- the sealing effect of the protective element seal is smaller than the existing groundwater pressure / liquid pressure, the water / liquid passes through the protective element seal 30 in the direction of arrow C and reaches the tunnel interior 100.
- a tunnel lining 300 In a first embodiment of a tunnel lining 300 according to the invention, two concentrically constructed lining rings made of concrete elements 10a, 10b (tubbings) ( Fig. 2 ) intended.
- the first expansion ring is composed of the concrete elements 10a. On their wall sections 13a, these have a recess 14 in which a concrete element seal 50 is arranged. There are joints 40a between the concrete elements 10a.
- the second extension ring is then erected from concrete elements 10b, either after the construction of the first extension ring has been completed or only with a time delay, which have protective elements 20 with a protective element seal 30 as described above on their underside 12. There are joints 40b between the concrete elements 10b.
- a concentric joint 41 is provided after assembly, which is filled with a filling material 42, preferably water-permeable.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Tunnelausbau zusammengesetzt aus wenigstens zwei Betonelementen mit jeweils wenigstens einem mit dem Betonelement verbundenen Schutzelement, wobei das Schutzelement einen Schutzabschnitt aufweist, der eine erste dem Betonelement zugewandte Seite aufweist, an der wenigstens ein Verbindungselement zum Herstellen einer haltenden Verbindung des Schutzabschnitts mit dem Betonelement vorgesehen ist, wobei der Schutzabschnitt aus wenigstens einem Kunststoff besteht, wobei das Schutzelement wenigstens eine Schutzelementdichtung aufweist, die mit dem Schutzabschnitt verbunden ist, wobei die Verbindung mit dem Schutzabschnitt gasdicht und flüssigkeitsdicht ist, wobei zwischen den wenigstens zwei zum Tunnelausbau angeordneten Betonelementen eine Fuge vorhanden ist, wobei die Fuge durch wenigstens eine Schutzelementdichtung mit einer ersten Dichtwirkung gasdicht und flüssigkeitsdicht zum Tunnelinneren abgedichtet ist.The invention relates to a tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements, each with at least one protective element connected to the concrete element, the protective element having a protective section which has a first side facing the concrete element, on which at least one connecting element for establishing a holding connection of the protective section with the Concrete element is provided, the protective section consists of at least one plastic, the protective element having at least one protective element seal connected to the protective section, the connection to the protective section being gas-tight and liquid-tight, with a joint between the at least two concrete elements arranged for tunnel lining is present, wherein the joint is sealed gas-tight and liquid-tight to the tunnel interior by at least one protective element seal with a first sealing effect.
Derartiger Tunnelausbau mit Betonelementen mit Schutzelementen sind unter anderem aus
Die hierbei verwendeten Betonelemente werden in der Fachsprache auch als "Tübbings" bezeichnet und werden z. B. als Bestandteil von Tunnelausbau beim maschinellen Tunnelbau mittels Schildvortrieb eingesetzt. Solcher Tunnelausbau wird beispielsweise in Verbindung mit Tunnelbohrmaschinen eingesetzt, die einen Bohrkopf umfassen, hinter dem ein zylindrischer Schild mit einem Schildmantel und einem Schildschwanz angeordnet ist. Der Schild weist einen kleineren äußeren Durchmesser als der Bohrkopf auf, so dass kein direkter Kontakt zwischen Tunnelwand und Schild besteht. Wenn die Tunnelbohrmaschine ein bestimmtes Stück vorangetrieben ist, werden im Schildschwanz die Betonelemente am Schildrand positioniert. Sie werden entgegen der Vortriebsrichtung an die benachbarten zuletzt angebrachten Betonelemente gepresst und ggf. mit diesen verbunden. Mehrere Betonelemente zusammen bilden einen Tunnelausbau in Form eines Rings über den gesamten Umfang des Tunnels. Sukzessive wird dann der Tunnelausbau Ring an Ring gebildet.The concrete elements used here are also referred to in the technical language as "tubbings" and are z. B. as part of tunnel construction mechanical tunneling by means of shield driving used. Such tunnel lining is used, for example, in connection with tunnel boring machines which comprise a boring head, behind which a cylindrical shield with a shield jacket and a shield tail is arranged. The shield has a smaller outer diameter than the drill head, so that there is no direct contact between the tunnel wall and the shield. When the tunnel boring machine has advanced a certain distance, the concrete elements are positioned in the shield tail at the edge of the shield. They are pressed against the direction of advance against the adjacent concrete elements attached last and, if necessary, connected to them. Several concrete elements together form a tunnel extension in the form of a ring over the entire circumference of the tunnel. The tunnel expansion will then be gradually built ring by ring.
Der Spalt zwischen einem Ring und Tunnelwand wird ggf. mit Mörtel gefüllt, z. B. um Setzungen vorzubeugen. Hierfür offenbart beispielsweise
Dieser Art von Tunnelausbau wird u. a. auch für den Bau von Abwasserleitungen eingesetzt, insbesondere von größeren Sammelleitungen. Dabei werden, wie bei anderen möglichen Einsatzzwecken auch, erhöhte Anforderungen an die Dichtigkeit der Verkleidung des Tunnels gestellt. Die Innenseite der Tübbings wird mit einer Verkleidung abgedichtet, so dass keine aus dem Abwasser aufsteigenden Gase oder ggf. sogar die Abwässer selber über die Tunnelwände in den Beton gelangen können und diesen beschädigen können (Korrosion).This type of tunnel lining is also used, among other things, for the construction of sewer pipes, in particular of larger collecting pipes. As with other possible uses, increased demands are placed on the tightness of the tunnel cladding. The inside of the tubbing is sealed with a cladding so that no gases rising from the wastewater or possibly even the wastewater itself can get into the concrete via the tunnel walls and damage it (corrosion).
Bei einem mit Betonelementen gemäß
Aus
Dabei ist auf dem Betonelement eine Schutzschicht vorgesehen, welche eine einer konvexen äußeren Oberfläche gegenüberliegende innere Oberfläche des Tübbings abdeckt. Diese Schutzschicht besteht gemäß
Gemäß
Das Betonelement selbst wird gemäß
In der Praxis hat sich ergeben, dass im Übergang zwischen Schutzschicht und Dichtung gemäß
Steht beispielsweise im Bereich des Tunnels Grundwasser an, besteht die Gefahr, dass dieses unter Druck steht oder sich ein entsprechender Druck gemäß der Teufe des Tunnels ergibt. Liegen Risse im Beton vor bzw. dringt das Grundwasser durch den Beton hindurch, steht dieses an der Innenseite der Schutzschicht/der Schutzelemente an, so dass diese/dieses druckbeaufschlagt ist und entsprechend dimensioniert werden muss, um einem Versagen der Schutzschicht entgegenzuwirken. Dieses trat insbesondere bei Tunneln mit Tübbings gemäß
Werden die Schutzelemente miteinander verschweißt, was meistens händisch geschieht, muss auf eine entsprechende Güte der Schweißnähte geachtet werden. Auch hier kann es aber zu Ablösungen kommen.If the protective elements are welded together, which is usually done by hand, attention must be paid to the quality of the weld seams. Here, too, there may be detachments.
Bei einer zweischaligen Bauweise, bei der auf die Tübbings eine Innenschale vor Ort aufgebracht wird, oder auch bei verschweißten Schutzelementen wird ggf. nicht der gesamte Ring mit einer Schutzschicht verkleidet, sondern im Sohlenbereich wird die Schutzschicht bzw. das Verschweißen der Schutzschicht in dem Bereich ausgespart, der nicht trockenfällt. Das anstehende Wasser kann dann an der den Betonelementen zugewandten Seite der Schutzelemente zur Sohle hinabfließen und dort dann in den Tunnel eintreten und über diesen abfließen. Dieses ist möglich, wenn dieser Bereich nicht trockenfällt, so dass keine Korrosion des Betons durch Gase entsteht. Ein solcher Aufbau ist nicht möglich, wenn die Abwässer für sich genommen nicht verdünnt werden dürfen, oder wenn die Abwässer für sich genommen bereits so aggressiv sind, dass der Beton beeinträchtigt wird.In the case of a two-shell construction, in which an inner shell is applied to the segments on site, or in the case of welded protective elements, the entire ring may not be covered with a protective layer, but in the sole area the protective layer or the welding of the protective layer is left out in the area that does not dry out. The water that is present can then flow down to the sole on the side of the protective elements facing the concrete elements and then enter the tunnel there and flow off over it. This is possible if this area does not dry out so that the concrete does not corrode due to gases. Such a structure is not possible if the wastewater alone cannot be diluted, or if the wastewater alone is already so aggressive that the concrete is impaired.
Eine alternative Lösung bei Druckwasser sieht
Erfindungsgemäß wird eine alternative Möglichkeit des Entwässerns der Betonelemente vorgeschlagen. Dabei sieht die erfindungsgemäße Lösung vor, dass wenigstens ein Betonelement wenigstens eine separat vom Schutzelement angeordnete Betonelementdichtung mit einer zweiten Dichtwirkung aufweist, die die Fuge gas- und flüssigkeitsdicht gegenüber dem Gebirge abdichtet, dass die Schutzelementdichtung eine geringere Dichtwirkung als die Betonelementdichtung aufweist, dass der Tunnelausbau eine Entwässerung aus einem den Tunnelausbau umgebenden Gebirge in einen vom Tunnelausbau gebildeten Tunnel hinein gegeben ist, dass zwischen der Schutzelementdichtung und der Betonelementdichtung eine Wasserdurchlässigkeit aus dem Betonelement in die Fuge hinein besteht, und dass die Entwässerung durch die Fuge zwischen den wenigstens zwei Betonelementen im Abschnitt zwischen der Betonelementdichtung und der Schutzelementdichtung (30) und durch die Schutzelementdichtung hindurch erfolgt.According to the invention, an alternative possibility of draining the concrete elements is proposed. The solution according to the invention provides that at least one concrete element has at least one concrete element seal arranged separately from the protective element with a second sealing effect, which seals the joint gas- and liquid-tight against the rock, that the protective element seal has a lower sealing effect than the concrete element seal, that the tunnel lining there is drainage from a mountain surrounding the tunnel lining into a tunnel formed by the tunnel lining, that between the protective element seal and the concrete element seal there is water permeability from the concrete element into the joint, and that the drainage through the joint between the at least two concrete elements in the section takes place between the concrete element seal and the protective element seal (30) and through the protective element seal.
Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass hierdurch eine hinreichende Entwässerungsmöglichkeit als Schutz gegen das Abreißen von Schutzelementen von den Betonelementen bereitgestellt werden kann. Gleichzeitig ist es hierdurch möglich, einen hinreichenden Korrosionsschutz bereitzustellen, falls Öffnungen in den Schutzelementen nicht möglich sind.Surprisingly, it has been shown that this makes it possible to provide an adequate drainage option as protection against protective elements tearing off the concrete elements. At the same time, this makes it possible to provide adequate protection against corrosion if openings in the protective elements are not possible.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Betonelementdichtung beabstandet von der Schutzelementdichtung am Schutzelement vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch wird auf einfache Weise eine sichere Entwässerung aus den Betonelement heraus ermöglicht.Another teaching of the invention provides that the concrete element seal is provided on the protective element at a distance from the protective element seal. This enables safe drainage out of the concrete element in a simple manner.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Betonelementdichtung in einer Vertiefung in dem Betonelement angeordnet ist. Hierdurch wird auf einfache Weise eine sichere Anordnung der Betonelementdichtung am Betonelement ermöglicht.Another teaching of the invention provides that the concrete element seal is arranged in a recess in the concrete element. This enables a secure arrangement of the concrete element seal on the concrete element in a simple manner.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Schutzabschnitt wenigstens einen Bodenabschnitt aufweist oder wenigstens einen Bodenabschnitt und wenigstens einen Wandabschnitt aufweist. Hierdurch wird auf einfache Weise ein hinreichendes Schutzelement bereitgestellt.Another teaching of the invention provides that the protective section has at least one floor section or at least one floor section and at least one wall section. In this way, a sufficient protective element is provided in a simple manner.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass es sich bei dem Verbindungselement um eine Ankerstruktur, eine Wabenstruktur, einen Steg, einen Stift und/oder ein Flächenelement mit Öffnungen handelt. Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass es sich bei dem Verbindungselement um Vorsprünge handelt, die bevorzugt aus dem gleichen Kunststoff bestehen wie der Bodenabschnitt und/oder Wandabschnitt. Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft, dass der Schutzabschnitt einstückig mit dem wenigstens einen Verbindungselement verbunden ist, wobei bevorzugt die einstückige Verbindung durch Spritzgießen des Kunststoffs hergestellt ist. Insbesondere Flächenelemente, wie Wabenstrukturen oder Flächenabschnitte mit durchgehenden Öffnungen, erlauben eine besonders gute Verankerung des Schutzelements mit dem Betonelement über die gesamte Fläche des Schutzelements hinweg. Das zusätzliche Vorsehen von Stiften oder dgl., die ggf. weiter in den Beton des Betonelements hineinreichen, kann eine erhöhte punktuelle Haltekrafterhöhung erreicht werden.Another teaching of the invention provides that the connecting element is an anchor structure, a honeycomb structure, a web, a pin and / or a surface element with openings. Another teaching of the invention provides that the connecting element is projections which preferably consist of the same plastic as the bottom section and / or wall section. It is also advantageous that the protective section is connected in one piece to the at least one connecting element, the one-piece connection preferably being produced by injection molding of the plastic. In particular, surface elements, such as honeycomb structures or surface sections with through openings, allow the protective element to be anchored particularly well to the concrete element over the entire surface of the protective element. The additional provision of pins or the like, which, if necessary, extend further into the concrete of the concrete element, an increased punctual increase in the holding force can be achieved.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das die gasdichte und flüssigkeitsdichte Verbindung zwischen dem Schutzabschnitt und der Schutzelementdichtung spritzgegossen ist. Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Schutzelementdichtung mit dem Schutzabschnitt durch Spritzgießen mit wenigstens einem Kunststoff hergestellt ist. Hierdurch wird es möglich das Spritzgießen im Wesentlichen auf das direkte Verbinden des Bodenabschnitts mit der Schutzelementdichtung zu beschränken. Durch das Verbinden der Dichtung und der Verbindungselemente mit dem Schutzabschnitt wird auf besonders einfache Weise eine flüssigkeitsdichte und gasdichte Verbindung hergestellt. Durch das Spritzgießen kann gewährleistet werden, dass die Schutzelemente mit gleichbleibend hoher Qualität hergestellt werden, so dass in Bezug auf das fertige Betonelement die Schutzwirkung des Schutzelements besonders hoch und von gleichbleibend hoher Qualität, unabhängig vom Herstellungsprozess des Betonelements, ist. Das Schutzelement ist dabei so ausgeformt, dass, bezogen auf die Dichtung, eine zumindest auf drei Seiten vorgesehene Umschließung des Dichtungsmaterials mit dem Spritzgussmaterial vorgesehen ist.Another teaching of the invention provides that the gas-tight and liquid-tight connection between the protective section and the protective element seal is injection molded. Another teaching of the invention provides that the protective element seal with the protective section is produced by injection molding with at least one plastic. This makes it possible to limit the injection molding essentially to the direct connection of the base section to the protective element seal. By connecting the seal and the connecting elements to the protective section, a liquid-tight and gas-tight one is achieved in a particularly simple manner Connected. Injection molding ensures that the protective elements are manufactured with a consistently high quality, so that the protective effect of the protective element in relation to the finished concrete element is particularly high and of consistently high quality, regardless of the manufacturing process of the concrete element. The protective element is shaped in such a way that, in relation to the seal, an enclosure of the sealing material with the injection molding material, which is provided on at least three sides, is provided.
Unter Spritzgießen werden hier sämtliche Verfahren verstanden die sich unter das Spritzgießen subsummieren lassen, also Verfahren, bei denen direkt ein oder mehrere Thermoplaste/Duroplaste/Elastomere beispielsweise als Polymere oder auch Monomere in eine Form alleine, einzeln, nacheinander oder gleichzeitig eingebracht werden, (beispielweise Overmolding/Überspritzen oder Mehrkomponentenspritzgießen), oder bei denen Monomere verarbeitet werden, die erst in der Spritzgussform zu Polymeren werden (beispielsweise reaction overmolding).Injection molding is understood here to mean all processes that can be subsumed under injection molding, i.e. processes in which one or more thermoplastics / thermosets / elastomers, for example as polymers or monomers, are introduced into a mold alone, individually, one after the other or at the same time (for example Overmolding / overmolding or multi-component injection molding), or in which monomers are processed that only become polymers in the injection mold (e.g. reaction overmolding).
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass es sich bei dem Kunststoff um ein Polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), bevorzugt hoch temperaturfest, ein Harz, in das bevorzugt Glasfasern eingebracht werden, oder um einem Thermoplast, bevorzugt PE, handelt. Mit diesem Kunststoff lässt sich eine hohe Produktgeschwindigkeit aufgrund der schnellen Verarbeitungseigenschaften erreichen. Gleichzeitig ist eine besonders hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit im Einsatz gegeben.Another teaching of the invention provides that the plastic is a polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), preferably high temperature resistant, a resin into which glass fibers are preferably introduced, or a thermoplastic, preferably PE. With this plastic, a high product speed can be achieved due to the fast processing properties. At the same time, there is a particularly high level of resistance in use.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die wenigstens zwei Betonelemente durch das Vorsehen des jeweils einen Schutzelements gasdicht gegenüber dem Tunnelinneren sind. Hierdurch wird auf einfache Weise eine hohe Korrosionsfestigkeit des Tunnelausbaus erreicht.Another teaching of the invention provides that the at least two concrete elements are gas-tight with respect to the inside of the tunnel through the provision of the one protective element in each case. In this way, a high corrosion resistance of the tunnel lining is achieved in a simple manner.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Tunnelausbau zweiteilig aufgebaut ist, mit einem inneren Betonelement, an dem das Schutzelement angeordnet ist, und einem äußeren Betonelement, an dem die Betonelementdichtung angeordnet ist. Dabei ist vorteilhaft, dass zwischen den Betonelementen eine Fuge, bevorzugt konzentrisch, vorgesehen ist, durch die ein für Flüssigkeitsfluss erfolgen kann. Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht dabei vor, dass die Fuge mit einem flüssigkeitsdurchlässigen Füllmaterial gefüllt ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass hierdurch auf besonders einfache Weise, sollte ein zweiteiliger Tunnelausbau notwendig sein, eine einfache Entwässerungsmöglichkeit bereitgestellt wird, wobei gleichzeitig auf einfache Weise eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit erreicht wird.Another teaching of the invention provides that the tunnel lining is constructed in two parts, with an inner concrete element on which the protective element is arranged, and an outer concrete element on which the concrete element seal is arranged. It is advantageous that between the Concrete elements a joint, preferably concentric, is provided through which a fluid flow can take place. Another teaching of the invention provides that the joint is filled with a liquid-permeable filler material. It has been shown that in this way, in a particularly simple manner, should a two-part tunnel lining be necessary, a simple drainage option is provided, with a high level of corrosion resistance being achieved at the same time in a simple manner.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht vor, dass beispielsweise der Boden- und/der Wandabschnitt im Wesentlichen aus einer Folie, einer Platte oder einer Bahn besteht, die bevorzugt mit Verbindungselementen verbunden ist, und/oder aus einem weiteren Kunststoff, beispielsweise PE, gebildet ist. Hierbei handelt es sich um besonders kostengünstige Kunststoffe. Bauteile aus diesen, wie beispielsweise Platten, Bahnen oder Folien lassen sich dezentral vor Ort direkt herstellen, so dass erheblicher Transportaufwand und ggf. auch Lageraufwand der fertigen Produkte entfällt.Another teaching of the invention provides that, for example, the bottom and / or the wall section essentially consists of a film, a plate or a sheet, which is preferably connected with connecting elements, and / or is formed from a further plastic, for example PE . These are particularly inexpensive plastics. Components from these, such as plates, webs or foils, can be produced locally on site, so that there is no need for considerable transport costs and possibly also storage costs for the finished products.
Zusätzlich sieht eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung vor, dass zusätzliche Entwässerungselemente in den flächigen Abschnitten der Schutzelemente vorgesehen sein können. Dieses ist vorteilhaft, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Entwässerung bei der Dimensionierung des Tunnelausbaus für nicht ausreichend erachtet werden sollte.In addition, another teaching of the invention provides that additional drainage elements can be provided in the flat sections of the protective elements. This is advantageous if the drainage according to the invention should not be considered sufficient when dimensioning the tunnel lining.
Eine weitere Lehre der Erfindung sieht in diesem Zusammenhang vor, dass des Weiteren auch ein Deckenelement vorgesehen ist, so dass ein Hohlkörper erzeugt wird, in den dann anschließend der Beton und ggf. bereits beim Spritzgießen Bewehrung eingebracht wird. Dieses ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn das Betonelement auch auf seinen Außenseiten gegen aggressive Wässer im Gebirge geschützt werden muss.Another teaching of the invention provides in this context that a ceiling element is also provided, so that a hollow body is produced, into which the concrete and, if necessary, reinforcement is then introduced during injection molding. This is particularly advantageous if the outside of the concrete element must also be protected against aggressive water in the mountains.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an Hand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine geschnittene Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbaus mit Betonelementen mit Schutzelement,
- Fig. 2
- eine geschnittene Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbaus mit Betonelementen mit Schutzelement, und
- Fig.3a - 3d
- Prinzipskizzen in Schnittansichten alternativer Ausführungsformen des Schutzelements,
- Fig. 1
- a sectional view of a first embodiment of a tunnel lining according to the invention with concrete elements with protective element,
- Fig. 2
- a sectional view of a second embodiment of a tunnel lining according to the invention with concrete elements with protective element, and
- Fig. 3a-3d
- Basic sketches in sectional views of alternative embodiments of the protective element,
Bei einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbaus 300 wird ein Ausbauring aus Betonelementen 10 (Tübbings) (
Das Betonelement 10 weist an seinen beispielsweise nicht mit dem Schutzelement 20 abgedeckten Wandabschnitten 13 Vertiefungen 14 auf. In den Vertiefungen 14 sind Betonelementdichtungen 50 angeordnet. Diese weisen eine Dichtfläche 51 auf, die beim Zusammensetzen der einzelnen Betonelemente 10 entweder auf einen anderen Wandabschnitt 13 oder eine andere Dichtfläche 51 einer Betonelementdichtung 50 trifft. Im Inneren weist die Betonelementdichtung 50 beispielsweise Kammern 52 auf. Beim Zusammensetzen der Betonelemente 10 wird der elastische Kunststoff der Betonelementdichtung 50 verformt und die Kammern 52 werden zusammengedrückt. Gegenüberliegend zur Dichtfläche 51 können optional Haltevorsprünge (nicht dargestellt) angeordnet sein, die in den Beton 16 nach dessen Gießen eingreifen.The
Das Schutzelement 20 weist in dieser Ausführungsform einen Bodenabschnitt 21 und Wandabschnitte 22, 23 auf. An diesen Wandabschnitten 22, 23 ist ein Aufnahmebereich 29 vorgesehen, in dem eine Schutzelementdichtung 30 angeordnet ist. Die Verbindung zwischen Dichtung 30 und Schutzelement 20 erfolgt beispielsweise durch Spritzgießen.In this embodiment, the
Zwischen Schutzelementdichtung 30 und Betonelement Dichtung 50 ist ein Abstand 15 vorgesehen, der nicht vom Schutzelement 20 abgedeckt ist.Between the
Alternativ kann das Betonelement 10 auch nur ein Schutzelement 20 mit einem Bodenabschnitt 21 aufweisen (nicht dargestellt), an dem die Schutzelementdichtung 30 gas- und flüssigkeitsdicht angeordnet ist, beispielsweise durch Spritzgießen.Alternatively, the
Das Schutzelement 20 weist einen Bodenabschnitt 21 auf, an dessen Außenseiten Wandabschnitte 22, 23 im Wesentlichen rechtwinklig, allerdings auch in beliebiger anderer Anordnung, angeordnet sind. Zur Herstellung einer haltenden Verbindung zwischen dem Schutzelement 20 und dem Betonelement 10 weist die Innenseite des Bodenabschnitts 21 Halteelemente 17, beispielsweise Stifte, auf. Alternativ und nicht dargestellt können auch Stege parallel zur einen Außenwand und Stege zur rechtwinklig dazu angeordneten Außenwand angeordnet sein. Die Stege können beispielsweise mit Öffnungen versehen sein, durch die Beton 16 hindurchtreten kann und damit nach Aushärtung eine besonders gut haltende Verbindung erzeugt.The
Der Bodenabschnitt 21 weist einen zweiten flächigen Abschnitt 28 auf, der beispielsweise aus einer PE-Folie bestehen kann. Dieser zweite Abschnitt kann sich über den gesamten Bodenabschnitt 21 oder nur Teile davon erstrecken. Er ist bevorzugt mit dem restlichen Schutzelement 20, insbesondere dem ersten Abschnitt 25, der einen Teil des oder den gesamten Wandabschnitt 22, 23 ausbilden kann, mittels Spritzgießen verbunden.The
Die Schutzelementdichtung 30 besteht aus einem elastischen Kunststoff. Die Dichtung 30 weist eine Dichtfläche 31 auf, die beim Zusammensetzen der einzelnen Betonelemente entweder auf eine andere Betonfläche oder eine andere Dichtfläche 31 einer Schutzelementdichtung 30 trifft. Im Inneren weist die Schutzelementdichtung 30 Kammern 32 auf. Beim Zusammensetzen der Betonelemente 10 wird der elastische Kunststoff der Schutzelementdichtung 30 verformt und die Kammern 32 werden zusammengedrückt. Gegenüberliegend zur Dichtfläche 31 sind Haltevorsprünge 33 angeordnet, die in den Kunststoff der Wandabschnitte 22, 23 des Schutzelements 20 eingreifen. Diese und die naheliegenden Seitenwände der Schutzelementdichtung 30 verbinden sich beim Spritzgießen mit dem Kunststoff des Schutzelements bzw. werden von diesem gasdicht umschlossen. Die Schutzelementdichtung 30 weist erfindungsgemäß eine Dichtwirkung auf, die kleiner ist als die Dichtwirkung der Betonelementdichtung 50 aber hinreichend groß ist, dass aus dem Tunnelinneren 100 keine Gase oder Flüssigkeiten durch die Schutzelementdichtung 30 hindurchtreten kann und beispielsweise in die Fuge gelangen kann und dort dann mit dem Beton 16 in Berührung kommen kann.The
Ein Schutzelement 20, wie es in
Nicht dargestellt ist die Möglichkeit an den ersten und oder zweiten Abschnitten 25, 28 weitere Entwässerungsöffnungen vorzusehen und in diesen Drainageelementen vorzusehen.Not shown is the possibility of providing further drainage openings on the first and / or
Der erfindungsgemäße Tunnelausbau 300 wird durch Zusammensetzen der Betonelemente 10 zu einem Ring am Gebirge 200 und einem Anordnen mehrerer Ringe zu einem Ausbau gebildet. Zwischen den Betonelementen 10 sind Fugen 40 durch das Zusammensetzen vorhanden. Diese Fugen werden durch die Betonelementdichtungen 50 gebirgsseitig so verschlossen, da deren Dichtwirkung größer als der Grundwasserdruck ist, so dass kein Grundwasser oder andere anstehende Flüssigkeiten in die Fugen 40 hinter der Betonelementdichtung 50 eintreten kann.The tunnel lining 300 according to the invention is formed by assembling the
An der Oberseite 11 des Betonelements 10 steht im Gebirge 200 gespannten Grundwasser oder Grundwasser unter Druck in Abhängigkeit der Tiefe des Tunnels im Boden an. Dieses wirkt in Pfeilrichtung A auf den erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbau 300. Die Betonelementdichtung 50 ist dabei so ausgelegt, dass ihre Dichtwirkung verhindert, dass das Grundwasser in die Fuge 40 hinter der Betonelementdichtung 50 eindringen kann. Liegen im Schadensfall Risse im Beton 16 vor bzw. dringt im Schadensfall das Grundwasser durch den Beton 16 hindurch, steht dieses ggf. an der Unterseite 12 des Betonelements 10 auf der Innenseite des Schutzelements 20 an. Es kann sich dabei zwischen dem Schutzelement 20 und dem Betonelement 10 bewegen und gelangt je nach Ausführung in Pfeilrichtung B durch den nicht vom Schutzelement 20 abgedeckten Abstand 15 gelangen und durch ihn in die Fuge 40 hineintreten und zur Rückseite der Schutzelementdichtung 30 gelangen. Ein Erreichen der Innenseite des Schutzelements 20 ist aber nicht notwendig. Das Wasser kann auch direkt in Pfeilrichtung B in die Fuge 40 und zur Rückseite der Schutzelementdichtung 30 gelangen.On the
Da die Dichtwirkung der Schutzelementdichtung erfindungsgemäß kleiner ist, als der anstehende Grundwasserdruck/Flüssigkeitsdruck tritt das Wasser/die Flüssigkeit durch die Schutzelementdichtung 30 in Pfeilrichtung C hindurch und gelangt in den Tunnelinnenraum 100.Since, according to the invention, the sealing effect of the protective element seal is smaller than the existing groundwater pressure / liquid pressure, the water / liquid passes through the
Bei einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelausbaus 300 werden zwei konzentrisch aufgebaute Ausbauring aus Betonelementen 10a, 10b (Tübbings) (
Zwischen den Betonelementen 10a und 10b ist nach der Montage eine konzentrische Fuge 41 vorgesehen, die mit einem Füllmaterial 42, bevorzugt wasserdurchlässig, verfüllt wird.Between the
Die Entwässerung erfolgt ebenfalls wie zuvor beschrieben. Es ergibt sich lediglich eine weitere Fließmöglichkeit für das Grundwasser/die Flüssigkeit in Pfeilrichtung D in der Fuge 41 durch das Füllmaterial 42 hin zu Fuge 40b.
Claims (10)
- Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements (10) each having at least one protective element (20) connected to the concrete element, wherein the protective element (20) has a protective portion which has a first side which faces the concrete element (10) and on which there is provided at least one connecting element (17) for producing a retaining connected between the protective portion and the concrete element (10), wherein the protective portion consists of at least one plastic, wherein the protective element (20) has at least one protective element seal (30) which is connected to the protective portion (20), wherein the connection to the protective portion (20) is gas-tight and liquid-tight, wherein a joint (40) is present between the at least two concrete elements (10) arranged to form the tunnel lining (300), wherein the joint (40) is sealed in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner with respect to the tunnel interior (100) by at least one protective element seal (30) having a first sealing action, characterized in that at least one concrete element (10) has at least one concrete element seal (50) having a second sealing action that is arranged separately from the protective element (20) and seals the joint (40) in a gas- and liquid-tight manner with respect to the rock (200), in that the protective element seal (30) has a lower sealing action than the concrete element seal (50), in that the tunnel lining is provided with drainage from a rock surrounding the tunnel lining into a tunnel formed by the tunnel lining, in that water permeability from the concrete element in the joint (40) exists between the protective element seal (30) and the concrete element seal (50), and in that the drainage through the joint (40) between the at least two concrete elements (10) occurs in the portion between the concrete element seal (50) and the protective element seal (30) and through the protective element seal (30).
- Tunnel lining according to Claim 1, characterized in that the concrete element seal (50) is provided at a distance from the protective element seal (30) on the protective element.
- Tunnel lining according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concrete element seal (50) is arranged in a depression (14) in the concrete element (10).
- Tunnel lining according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the protective portion has at least one bottom portion (21) or has at least one bottom portion (21) and at least one wall portion (22, 23).
- Tunnel lining according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas-tight and liquid-tight connection between the protective portion and the protective element seal is injection-moulded.
- Tunnel lining according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plastic is a polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), preferably with high-temperature resistance, a resin, into which preferably glass fibres are incorporated, or a thermoplastic, preferably PE.
- Tunnel lining according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least two concrete elements (10) are gas-tight with respect to the tunnel interior (100) through the provision of the respective one protective element (20) each.
- Tunnel lining according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tunnel lining (300) is built up in two parts with an inner concrete element (10b), on which the protective element (20) is arranged, and an outer concrete element (10a), on which the concrete element seal (50) is arranged.
- Tunnel lining according to Claim 8, characterized in that a joint (41) through which a liquid flow can occur is provided between the concrete elements (10a, 10b).
- Tunnel lining according to Claim 9, characterized in that the joint (41) is filled with a liquid-permeable filler material.
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK18181230.6T DK3591166T3 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Tunnel masonry COMPOSED OF AT LEAST TWO CONCRETE ELEMENTS |
EP18181230.6A EP3591166B1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements |
ES18181230T ES2880101T3 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Tunnel support composed of at least two concrete elements |
CA3105498A CA3105498C (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-24 | Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements |
US17/255,766 US11834950B2 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-24 | Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements |
PCT/EP2019/066630 WO2020007631A1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-24 | Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements |
CN201980044529.4A CN112368462B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2019-06-24 | Tunnel lining assembled from at least two concrete elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18181230.6A EP3591166B1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3591166A1 EP3591166A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
EP3591166B1 true EP3591166B1 (en) | 2021-06-02 |
Family
ID=62842004
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18181230.6A Active EP3591166B1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11834950B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3591166B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN112368462B (en) |
CA (1) | CA3105498C (en) |
DK (1) | DK3591166T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2880101T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020007631A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (21)
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FR1588873A (en) * | 1968-08-27 | 1970-03-16 | ||
GB1385197A (en) * | 1971-07-03 | 1975-02-26 | Spiroll Corp Ltd | Tunnels |
US3816370A (en) | 1972-03-27 | 1974-06-11 | Lubrizol Corp | Acrylonitrile polymerization method and products |
GB2093505B (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1984-09-12 | Brien Peter Martin O | Improvements in or relating to tunnels |
DE3407381C3 (en) * | 1984-02-29 | 1995-11-09 | Zueblin Ag | Method of laying an underground pipeline and device for carrying out such a method |
DE3800630A1 (en) * | 1988-01-12 | 1989-07-20 | Thyssen Industrie | Tunnel lining of segments |
CH679061A5 (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-12-13 | Daetwyler Ag | |
US5439319A (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1995-08-08 | Carlisle Coatings & Water Proofing, Incorporated | Tunnel barrier system and method of installing the same |
US5470178A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-11-28 | Weholt; Raymond L. | Insulating tunnel liner system |
GB2330156A (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-14 | Tarmac Uk Ltd | Reinforced shaft, tunnel or pipeline segment |
JP2004132002A (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | Secondary lining saving type segment for shield tunnel |
CH696445A5 (en) | 2003-09-09 | 2007-06-15 | Aldo Ceresola | Concrete element for covering a tunnel. |
WO2005045195A2 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-19 | Daniel Warren | Method for preparing in-ground tunnel structures |
US7211746B2 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2007-05-01 | Diversified Textile Machinery Corporation | Weigh-pan metering and blending method and apparatus |
EP2419606B1 (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2013-05-15 | Herrenknecht AG | Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element |
DE102011008258A1 (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2012-07-12 | Otto Zwick Beratender Ingenieur Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt) | Connection ring structure for tunnel construction, has semi-finished products that are provided for supporting precast segmental ring with large load carrying capacity |
EP2568113A1 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-13 | Sika Technology AG | Tubbing with thermoplastic membrane |
CN103306689A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-09-18 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Waterproof structure of lining seam of shield tunnel in high-pressure water-rich stratum and construction method of waterproof structure |
PL2921643T3 (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2020-11-02 | Herrenknecht Ag | Protection element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element |
NZ745650A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2020-04-24 | Herrenknecht Ag | Protective element with drainage, for connecting to a concrete element of a tunnel extension |
CN105649649B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-11-27 | 广州市市政工程设计研究总院 | Corrosion protection system in a kind of band lined with PVC sheets duct pieces of shield tunnel |
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2018
- 2018-07-02 EP EP18181230.6A patent/EP3591166B1/en active Active
- 2018-07-02 ES ES18181230T patent/ES2880101T3/en active Active
- 2018-07-02 DK DK18181230.6T patent/DK3591166T3/en active
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2019
- 2019-06-24 CA CA3105498A patent/CA3105498C/en active Active
- 2019-06-24 US US17/255,766 patent/US11834950B2/en active Active
- 2019-06-24 CN CN201980044529.4A patent/CN112368462B/en active Active
- 2019-06-24 WO PCT/EP2019/066630 patent/WO2020007631A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112368462B (en) | 2022-12-23 |
US20210355827A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
CA3105498A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
CN112368462A (en) | 2021-02-12 |
ES2880101T3 (en) | 2021-11-23 |
EP3591166A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
WO2020007631A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
US11834950B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
CA3105498C (en) | 2023-08-22 |
DK3591166T3 (en) | 2021-08-16 |
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