EP2568113A1 - Tubbing with thermoplastic membrane - Google Patents

Abstract

The tubbing (1) has a convex-curved outer surface (2) and an opposite concave-curved inner surface (3). A thermoplastic layer bulkhead (4) is provided on the convex-curved outer surface and is engaged with a recess provided in the convex-curved outer surface. The outer side surfaces (7) are arranged at the sides of the convex-curved outer surface. A sealing structure is arranged in sealing groove provided in the outer side surfaces. A sealant layer is provided inside the convex-curved outer surface.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a tubbing made of concrete for cladding a tunnel, in particular a traffic tunnel.

State of the art

Although applicable to any field of construction, the present invention and the problems underlying it are explained in more detail below with reference to a traffic tunnel.

In mechanical tunneling with the technology of shield tunneling, steel-reinforced precast concrete elements are often used for the inner shell. These prefabricated concrete parts, known in the jargon as prefabricated concrete parts, are prefabricated in prefabricated concrete plants, temporarily stored until the required concrete strength is achieved, and then placed in the tunnel tube for installation as required. There they are taken up by a Tübbingversetzeinrichtung, the so-called "erector" in the protection of the shield of the tunnel boring machine and assembled into a tubbing ring. After the tunnel boring machine has been propelled by hydraulic presses against the recently installed segments, a new tubbing ring is installed in the shield's protection. In this way, the machine "tubbing around tubbing ring" works through the ground, the remaining between tunnel (tubbing ring) and bottom annular gap is continuously filled with mortar to z. B. Prevent subsidence.

Not only classic traffic tunnels, but also geological conditions also so-called supply or disposal tunnels for households, trade or industry, which serve in particular in the form of large diameter manifolds for the central transport of sewage or fresh water or as a cable tunnel for receiving high voltage power lines, are after vorilderter Segment construction manufactured in segmental lining method. In all of these Fields of application, however, be it to maintain a perfect hygienic drinking water quality, or to avoid malfunction by penetrating to the electrical lines earth moisture, made increased demands on the tightness and durability of the tubbing lining of the tunnel.

For this reason, a separate second operation for the final sealing of the outer tunnel facing the concave-curved outer surfaces of the tubbing was usually required during tunneling and / or the establishment of an additional second tubbing ring.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve tubbings to increase the tightness against moisture, which is located on the outside of the tubbing ring, and the durability, especially against corrosive groundwater.

According to the invention this is achieved by the features of the first claim.

The core of the invention is therefore a tubbing made of concrete for covering a tunnel, in particular a traffic tunnel, wherein the tubbing has a convex-curved outer surface and the outer surface opposite concave-curved inner surface and wherein the tubbing is provided on its outer surface with a thermoplastic Schott layer. The thermoplastic Schott layer is further arranged on all of the outer surface facing sides of the outer side surfaces.

The tubbing has a ring segment-shaped structure with a concavely curved inner surface, which is directed to the tunnel interior in the installed state, and an opposite, convexly curved outer surface, which is directed to the surrounding soil in the installed state. These two surfaces are connected laterally via four further surfaces, two longitudinal side surfaces, which in the installed state to the corresponding Longitudinal side surfaces of the adjacent tubbing bear the same tubbing ring, and two end faces, which rest in the installed state of the corresponding end faces of the adjacent tubbing of an adjacent tubbing ring.

The tubbing preferably has an outer surface of the frame-shaped circumferential recess and the Schott layer engages in the recess. Preferably, the Schott layer fills the recess at least partially, in particular completely.

This is advantageous in that at the joints between two segments the contact area of the contacting thermoplastic Schott layers is increased and thereby a higher sealing effect is achieved.

By virtue of the tubbing according to the invention, no separate second operation is required for the final sealing of the concave-curved outer surfaces of the tubbings facing the exterior of the tunnel. Also eliminates a possible second tubbing ring. Furthermore, tubbings with smaller wall thicknesses can be used / manufactured, as they are far superior to conventional tubbings in terms of waterproofness and resistance to corrosive groundwater. Both leads to a reduction of the space requirement of the tunnel wall and thereby to an interior gain and to a reduction of the required building material. Furthermore, the tubbing according to the invention permits the use of alternative, less watertight and less corrosion-resistant types of concrete. Furthermore, segmental rings made from segments according to the invention have excellent rear-run safety and tightness.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Further aspects of the invention are the subject of further independent claims.

Short description of the drawing

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

It shows FIG. 1 a lateral cross section through a tubbing.

It shows FIG. 2 another lateral cross section through a tubbing.

It shows FIG. 3 Parts of another lateral cross section through a tubbing with an injection port.

It shows FIG. 4 Parts of a lateral cross section through two segments which are connected on the shock side.

It shows FIG. 5 Parts a lateral view of a tubbing without the thermoplastic Schott layer.

Only the elements essential for the immediate understanding of the invention are shown.

Way to carry out the invention

In the FIG. 1 a lateral cross-section through a tubbing according to the invention is shown.

The tubbing 1 is provided on its convex-curved outer surface 2 with a thermoplastic Schott layer 4. The thermoplastic Schott layer is further arranged on all of the outer surface facing sides of the outer side surfaces (longitudinal side surfaces 7 and end faces 8), in FIG. 1 the two longitudinal side surfaces 7 are shown. As a result, inter alia, an excellent composite of the thermoplastic Schott layer 4 with the tubbing and a high rear safety are guaranteed. Furthermore, the enlargement of the contact surface of the contacting thermoplastic Schott layers, in comparison with, for example, a Schott layer which lacks an arrangement on all sides of the outer side facing the outer surface, achieves a higher sealing effect at joints between two segments.

Preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer 4 is connected over the entire surface with the outer surface 2, in particular glued, resulting in an improvement of the rear safety.

In order to be as suitable as a thermoplastic Schott layer 4, it should be as waterproof as possible and even under prolonged influence of water or moisture, do not decompose or be mechanically damaged. In particular, such materials are suitable as the thermoplastic Schott layer, as they are already used in the prior art for sealing purposes in building construction and civil engineering.

It is advantageous if the thermoplastic Schott layer is made of a material having a softening point of more than 110 ° C, preferably between 140 ° C and 170 ° C. The thermoplastic Schott layer should advantageously have an at least low degree of elasticity in order to be able to bridge, for example, temperature differences caused by expansion differences between thermoplastic Schott layer and tubbing, without damaging or tearing the thermoplastic Schott layer and impairing the sealing function of the Schott layer.

Preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer contains thermoplastic polyolefins and / or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

More preferably, the thermoplastic bulkhead comprises material selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamides (PA), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO).

Preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer consists of more than 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably more than 80 wt .-%, of the aforementioned materials.

The thermoplastic Schott layer advantageously has a layer thickness in the millimeter range, typically between 0.2 and 15 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm.

Preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer 4 on the convex-curved outer surface 2 side facing a surface treatment. Surface treatments such as corona treatment, fluorination and flame treatment of the thermoplastic Schott layer can improve the adhesion of the thermoplastic Schott layer to the tubbing. Instead of a surface treatment may also be applied to the aforementioned location, a fleece, which serves to improve the adhesion.

Preferably, the thermoplastic Schott layer 4 has a water-swellable profile 6, which is arranged on the side facing away from the outer side surfaces (7, 8), as shown in FIG FIG. 2 . FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is apparent.

The water-swellable profile 6 contains water-swellable materials. The term "water-swellable materials" in the present document means materials which upon contact with water increase their volume to a multiple, typically between 200 - 1000% of the original volume. In addition to increasing the volume, certain water-swellable materials can also chemically react with water. Examples of such water-swellable materials are polyurethane-based bulking agents, in particular silane-modified polymers which cure to an elastic product by moisture. Another example of such swelling agents are bentonite-butyl rubbers or the acrylic acid-based polymers grouped under the name "superabsorbent" (Superabsorbent Polymers, SAP), typically copolymers of acrylic acid and sodium acrylate, for example from BASF SE, Germany.

This is advantageous in that at the joints between two tubbings the contact surface of the contacting thermoplastic Schott layers is increased and thereby a higher sealing effect is achieved.

It is particularly advantageous if the water-swellable profile 6 further contains materials as described above as being preferred for the thermoplastic Schott layer 4. This is advantageous in that the water-swellable profile 6 can be well bonded to the thermoplastic Schott layer 4, for example by welding, gluing and / or vulcanization.

In the FIG. 2 An arrangement of the water-swellable profile 6 shown by way of example is advantageous in that it causes the water-swellable profile 6 to lie at the joints between two segments, as is the case for example in FIG FIG. 4 is visible. Contact with water, for example from the soil, leads to a swelling of the water-swellable profiles 6 and thereby to a swelling pressure in the region of the joints between two segments and thereby to an increase in the sealing effect.

The tubbing preferably has an outer surface 2 frame-shaped circumferential recess 5 and the Schott layer 4 engages in the recess, as for example in FIG. 2 is apparent. FIG. 5 shows in a lateral plan view of the outer surface 2 frame-shaped circumferential recess 5 of the tubbing without the thermoplastic Schott layer.

Preferably, the Schott layer fills the recess at least partially, in particular completely.

The recess is arranged in the contact area of the outer surface 2 with the outer side surfaces 7 and 8. This has the advantage, among other things, that the tubbing is less susceptible to damage during manufacture, transport or installation, because mechanical load peaks occur, especially at the side edges.

Furthermore, high matching accuracy is achieved at the joints between two segments, which leads to an increase in the sealing effect.

Furthermore, at the joints between two segments, the contact surface of the contacting thermoplastic bulkhead layers is enlarged, thereby achieving a higher sealing effect.

The tubbing preferably has a the outer side surfaces (7, 8) circumferential sealing groove 9, in which a sealing body 10 is arranged, as in FIG. 2 is apparent. The sealing groove is formed in the tubbing and is located therein, typically pressed, a sealing body. The sealing body 10 is typically a hollow body. As the material for the sealing body in particular materials are suitable which are known as sealing materials for sealing rings and / or materials as they were previously described as a swellable material. Particularly preferably, the sealing body 10 consists of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM).

This is to the advantage that this creates at the joints between two tubbings another barrier for penetrating water and thus a higher sealing effect is achieved.

The tubbing preferably has a sealing coating 11 between the outer surface 2 and the thermoplastic Schott layer 4, as shown in FIG FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is apparent. The sealing coating is selected from the group consisting of methacrylate resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin and polyurethane.

Such a sealing coating 11 is advantageous in that thereby the tubbing is protected from the ingress of moisture. This further enhances the sealing effect of the tubbing. Further, in the manufacture of the tubbing, a large loss of moisture during the curing of the green body can be prevented. The sealing coating 11 is typically applied by spraying or brushing on the tubbing.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the sealing coating 11 is arranged at least partially on all outer side surfaces (7, 8), in particular on the region between the recess 5 and the sealing groove 9, as shown in FIG FIG. 3 is apparent.

As sealing body 10 are all materials in question, which are suitable to reduce the passage of liquids, especially water, respectively to prevent.

Preferably, the sealing body is made of a thermoplastic or a thermoplastic elastomer. Thermoplastic elastomers have the advantage that the sealing body thereby has a good elasticity with respect to horizontal and vertical displacements, in particular displacements due to mechanical stresses in the structure. A good elasticity of the seal body prevents cracking or detachment of the seal body and thus a failure of the seal.

Thermoplastic elastomers in this document are understood as meaning plastics which combine the mechanical properties of vulcanized elastomers with the processability of thermoplastics. Typically, such thermoplastic elastomers are block copolymers with hard and soft segments or so-called polymer alloys with correspondingly thermoplastic and elastomeric constituents.

Further advantageous materials for sealing bodies are materials which are selected from the group consisting of acrylate compounds, polyurethane polymers, silane-terminated polymers and polyolefins.

The tubbing preferably has an adhesive layer 12 between the outer surface 2 and the thermoplastic Schott layer 4.

As adhesive layer 12 are all materials in question, which are suitable to ensure a solid bond of the thermoplastic Schott layer 4 on the tubbing.

Preferably, the adhesive layer consists of a structural adhesive, in particular a reaction adhesive based on phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyimides or polyurethane, a pressure-sensitive adhesive and / or a hotmelt adhesive. This ensures a good bond and good adhesion between the outer surface 2 and the thermoplastic Schott layer 4 and thus reduces the detachment of the thermoplastic Schott layer and thus a failure of the seal.

Structural adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, and hot melt adhesives are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,898,866, 4,869,866 CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Version 1.0, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart ,

Preferably, the adhesive layer 12 is the sealing coating 11, i. In addition to its sealing function with respect to water, the sealing coating 11 still leads to an adhesive bond between the thermoplastic Schott layer 4 and the outer surface 2 of the tubbing.

As in FIG. 3 shown, the tubbing injection ports 13 may have. They penetrate the tubbing from the convex-curved outer surface to the concave-curved inner surface, they also penetrate the thermoplastic Schottschicht 4. These allow injecting injection material after joining the tubbing ring, ie in the installed state, from the inside of the tubbing ring in the area between surrounding Soil and the convex outer surface. Typically, after or during the retraction of the protective shield, the annular gap remaining between the tunnel lining (tubbing ring) and the surrounding soil is continuously filled with mortar. In order to further increase the watertightness of the tubbing ring, injection material 13 can additionally press injection material into the region between the tubbing ring, ie the thermoplastic Schott layers of the tubbing ring forming the tubbing ring, and the annular gap filled with mortar. As a result, the injection openings 13 and the intermediate area are closed in a fluid-tight manner.

It is advantageous if the injection material hardens after introduction into the intermediate region and thereby expands and / or is water-swelling in the hardened state.

The injection material is preferably selected from the list consisting of polyurethane, epoxy resin, acrylates and mineral binder.

It is also advantageous if the injection material contains water-swellable materials.

For example, the injection material is a Sika® Injection series of products such as Sika® Injection-201 CE, Sika® Injection-201 RC, Sika® Injection-203, Sika® Injection-451, Sika® Injection-304, Sika ® Injection-305, Sika® Injection-306, the Sika® InjectoCem series, such as Sika® InjectoCem-190 or Sikadur®-52 Injection.

For application of the injection material, this can be injected under pressure via the injection openings 13 into the intermediate area by means of a single- or two-component pump via filling and injection hoses (injection packers).

The tubbing is preferably suitable for tunnels with a diameter of 0.5-50 m.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a building, in particular a tunnel, comprising a tubbing according to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

tubbing

2

convex-curved outer surface

3

concave-curved inner surface

4

thermoplastic Schott layer

5

the outer surface frame-shaped circumferential recess

6

water-swellable profile

7

Longitudinal side face

8th

Front side surface

9

the outer side surfaces frame-shaped circumferential sealing groove

10

seal body

11

sealing coating

12

adhesive layer

13

injection port

Claims (10)

Tubular concrete for lining a tunnel, in particular a traffic tunnel, wherein the tubbing (1) has a convex-curved outer surface (2) and the outer surface (2) opposite concave-curved inner surface (3) and wherein the tubbing (1) its outer surface (2) is provided with a thermoplastic Schott layer (4) and the thermoplastic Schott layer (4) is further arranged on all of the outer surface (2) facing sides of the outer side surfaces (7, 8). Tubbing according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubbing has a the outer surface (2) frame-shaped circumferential recess (5) and engages the thermoplastic Schott layer (4) in the recess (5). Tubbing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermoplastic Schott layer (4) has a water-swellable profile (6) which is arranged on the outer side surfaces (7, 8) facing away from the side. Tubbing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubbing has a the outer side surfaces (7, 8) circumferential sealing groove (9), in which a sealing body (10) is arranged. Tubbing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic Schott layer (4) contains thermoplastic polyolefins and / or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tubbing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic Schott layer (4) comprises material which is selected from the group consisting of High density polyethylene (HDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamides (PA), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO). Tubbing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubbing between the outer surface (2) and the thermoplastic Schott layer (4) has a sealing coating (11), wherein the sealing coating is selected from the group consisting of methacrylate resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin and polyurethane. Tubbing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing coating (11) is further arranged at least partially on all outer side surfaces (7, 8). Tubbing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubbing between the outer surface (2) and the thermoplastic Schott layer (4) has an adhesive layer (12). Building, in particular a tunnel, comprising a tubbing according to one of claims 1 - 9.

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