EP3146156B1 - Protective element with drainage, for connecting to a concrete element of a tunnel extension - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a protective element for connecting to a concrete element of a tunnel construction having a protective portion having a first concrete element facing side, on which at least one connecting element for establishing a holding connection of the protective portion is provided with the concrete element, wherein the protective portion of at least a plastic.

Such concrete elements or protective elements are among others WO 2005/024183 A1 and from WO 2011/085734 A1 known. An alternative embodiment is known from JP 2004132002 known.

Such concrete elements are referred to in the jargon as "tubbing" and z. B. used in mechanical tunneling by shield tunneling. In this example, tunnel boring machines are used, comprising a drill head, behind which a cylindrical shield is arranged with a shield shell and a tail shield. The shield has a smaller outer diameter than the drill head so that there is no direct contact between tunnel wall and shield. When the tunnel boring machine has advanced a certain distance, the concrete elements are positioned on the edge of the sign in the tail shield. They are pressed against the advancing direction of the adjacent last-applied concrete elements and connected to them. Several concrete elements together form a ring over the entire circumference of the tunnel.

The gap between ring and tunnel wall is filled with mortar, if necessary, z. B. to prevent subsidence. Disclosed for this purpose WO 2005/0241863 A1 in the center of Concrete element an injection hole, which is designed as a connecting the outer surface of the concrete element with the inner surface of the concrete element hole. After the single concrete element is positioned and connected to its adjacent concrete elements, mortar is injected between the concrete element and the tunnel wall via the injection hole. This prevents subsidence in the soil surrounding the concrete elements. In addition, the concrete element can be offset and positioned by means of the injection hole by engaging a suitable tool.

This type of tunnel construction is u. a. also used for the construction of sewers, especially of larger manifolds. In this case, as with other possible uses also, increased demands on the tightness of the cladding of the tunnel. The inside of the tubbings is sealed with a covering, so that no waste water and no rising from the sewage gases can pass through the tunnel walls in the concrete and damage it (corrosion).

In one with concrete elements according to WO 2005/0241863 A1 or WO 20011/085734 A1 cladding tunnel protects the protective layer of protective elements the concrete of the concrete element from the action of aggressive (eg corrosive) gases or liquids. Together with seals, the protective elements of the concrete elements of the lining thus seal the tunnel from the inside. The concrete element is prefabricated with the protective element produced, whereby a sealing of the lining as a separate step in tunneling, for example, the welding of the joints between the protective elements / protective layers of adjacent concrete elements deleted.

Out WO 2005/024183 A1 , out WO 2011/085734 A1 and also out JP2004132002 It is known that the tubbing used for the tunnel lining are pre-produced, and that already in the production of the tubbing a panel on the inside of the tubbing is arranged, by the composite state of the individual tubbing rings to seal the tunnel wall against water, sewage and Gases takes place.

In this case, a protective layer is provided on the concrete element, which covers a convex outer surface opposite inner surface of the tubbing. This protective layer is made according to WO 2005/024183 A1 made of fiberglass or polyethylene (PE), according to WO 2011/085734 A1 from polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), or according to JP2004132002 made of a synthetic resin and in particular of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PVC, polyester or vinyl ester and is firmly anchored by mechanical anchoring in the concrete, so that an inseparable connection of the protective layer with the concrete is formed. The protective layer is designed so that only the inside of the tubbing element is covered ( JP2004132002 ) or a side surface of the concrete element is also partly included ( WO 2005/024183 A1 . WO 2011/085734 A1 ).

According to WO 2005/024183 A1 and WO 2011/085734 A1 Next, a seal is provided on the side surface, which protrudes beyond the protective layer. The seal is made of an elastic material, so that when assembling the individual tubbing for tunneling the joints between the adjacent concrete elements are closed by the seal. Alternatively, the closing of the joints can be effected by welding the individual protective layers provided on the inside of the concrete elements.

The concrete element itself will conform to WO 2005/024183 A1 produced by a formwork. In the formwork, a protective layer is placed on the formwork floor. Furthermore, if provided, also provided on the side walls of the formwork protective layer elements. Furthermore, the formwork, if provided, has a recess into which the seal is inserted. Subsequently, in conjunction with reinforcement, the concrete is introduced into the formwork. After hardening of the concrete, the tubbing is used as a tunnel extension.

In practice, it has been found that in the transition between protective layer and seal according to WO 2005/024183 A1 leaks can always occur if the sufficient care in the production of the concrete element when inserting the seal was not used in the formwork and / or when placing the seal with respect to the protective layer. Beating against it WO 2011/085734 A1 that the protective element is made of an injection-moldable plastic and that an integral connection between the seal and the protective element is provided by the encapsulation of the seal is connected during the manufacture of the protective element.

For example, if there is groundwater in the area of the tunnel, there is a risk that it will be under pressure or that there will be a corresponding pressure according to the depth of the tunnel. If cracks in the concrete penetrate or penetrate the groundwater through the concrete, it stands against the inside of the protective layer (s) so that it is pressurized and must be dimensioned accordingly to counteract a failure of the protective layer. This occurred in particular in tunnels with tubbing according to WO 2005/024183 A1 on, in which the anchors detached from the concrete. Here against saw WO 2011/085734 A1 another dimensioning of the anchor before. This is safe, possibly leading to an increased effort in the production of the protective elements or the finished concrete elements.

If the protective elements are welded together, which usually happens by hand, care must be taken to ensure the quality of the welds.

In a clam-shell construction, in which an inner shell is applied on site to the tubbing, the entire ring may not be covered with a protective layer, but in the sole region, the protective layer is cut out in the area that does not fall dry. The upcoming water can then flow out to the sole on the side facing the concrete elements and then enter the tunnel and drain it. This is possible if this area does not fall dry, so that no corrosion of the concrete occurs. Such a structure is not possible if the wastewater itself can not be diluted or if the wastewater itself is already so aggressive that the concrete is affected.

The object of the invention is to provide a protective element, with the corrosion of the concrete by gases and liquids can be safely avoided and at the same time a detachment of the protective element is avoided by the concrete.

With regard to the protective layer element, the object according to the invention is achieved in that the protective section has at least one drainage element through which a liquid can pass from the first side of the protective section to the opposite side of the protective section facing away from the concrete element.

Surprisingly, it has been found in a search to improve the protection element set out above that it is possible, instead of reinforcing the anchoring of the protective element against the concrete element, instead selectively dissipate the upcoming groundwater and thereby prevent the pressure-related detachment and at the same time the tightness of the protective layer with a view to possible corrosion of the concrete. So far, it has been assumed that it will not be possible for groundwater, which penetrates the concrete from the outside to the protective element, to be selectively removed. However, between protective element and concrete, areas are formed in flat sections which are not firmly connected to the concrete, through which the groundwater can flow, in particular towards at least one drainage element provided.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the drainage element has at least one opening in the protective element. A further teaching of the invention provides that the drainage element has a closure element and preferably a receptacle for a closure element for closing the drainage element with respect to the opposite side of the protection section, preferably for closing the opening. This makes it possible in a simple manner to ensure adequate corrosion protection and at the same time to avoid detachment of the protective elements.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the closure element is arranged biased in the opening, wherein preferably for providing the bias of a spring element or an elastic element is provided. Preloading can ensure that drainage only takes place when certain limit pressures are reached, beyond which a critical value is given with regard to anchoring the protective element in the concrete.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the drainage element corresponding to the opening has a hollow body, preferably in the form of a sleeve. Another teaching of the invention provides that the hollow body is an erectile dowel. The provision of a hollow body ensures that adequate removal of the groundwater in the area of the protective element is ensured. A further teaching of the invention provides that at least one hollow body opening is provided in a wall of the hollow body through which the liquid can pass from the first side into the sleeve. A further teaching of the invention provides that a closure body is provided in and / or in front of the at least one hollow body opening, which is preferably designed such that the hollow body opening can be released after exceeding a limiting pressure. This may also be a membrane.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the protective section has at least one bottom section or at least one bottom section and at least one wall section. In this way it is possible to achieve a particularly high sealing effect of the protective element in connection with the concrete element.

Another teaching of the invention provides that the protective element has at least one seal, which is integrally connected to the protective portion, wherein the compound is gas-tight and liquid-tight.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the at least one drainage element is provided on at least one bottom section and / or at least one wall section.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the integral connection of the seal with the protective portion by injection molding with the at least one Plastic is made. This makes it possible to limit the injection molding substantially to the direct connection of the bottom portion with the seal. By the integral connection of the seal and the connecting elements with the protective portion of a liquid-tight and gas-tight connection is made in a particularly simple manner. By injection molding can be ensured that the protective elements are produced with consistently high quality, so that with respect to the finished concrete element, the protective effect of the protective element is particularly high and consistently high quality, regardless of the manufacturing process of the concrete element. The protective element is formed so that, relative to the seal, provided on at least three sides enclosure of the sealing material with the injection molding material is provided.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the base section has at least one region in the form of a second of at least one plastic, that the second section substantially consists of a foil, a plate or a web, which is preferably connected to connecting elements, and / or that the second section is formed from a further plastic. This makes it possible to connect at least one prepared section of the protective element with the injection-moldable plastic so that a sufficient tightness of the protective element can be achieved. At the same time, this makes it possible to reduce the production costs of the protective element in a simple manner, since it becomes possible on the one hand to reduce the injection quantity and thereby simplify the manufacture and the injection mold.

Injection molding here means all processes which can be subsumed under injection molding, ie processes in which directly one or more thermoplastics / thermosetting plastics / elastomers, for example as polymers or monomers, are introduced into a mold alone, individually, successively or simultaneously (for example US Pat Overmolding / overmolding or multi-component injection molding), or in which monomers are processed, which are only in the injection mold to polymers (for example, reaction overmolding).

A further teaching of the invention provides that the connecting element is an anchor structure, a honeycomb structure, a web, a pin and / or a surface element with openings. A further teaching of the invention provides that the connecting element is a projection, which preferably consists of the same plastic as the bottom section and / or wall section. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the protective portion is integrally connected to the at least one connecting element, wherein preferably the one-piece connection is made by injection molding of the plastic. In particular surface elements, such as honeycomb structures or surface sections with through openings, allow a particularly good anchoring of the protective element with the concrete element over the entire surface of the protective element. The additional provision of pins or the like., Which may extend further into the concrete of the concrete element, an increased punctual Haltekrafterhöhung can be achieved.

A further teaching of the invention provides in this context that, moreover, a ceiling element is provided, so that a hollow body is produced, in which then subsequently the concrete and possibly already during injection molding reinforcement is introduced. This is particularly advantageous if the concrete element must be protected on its outer sides against aggressive waters in the mountains.

A further teaching of the invention provides that the plastic is a polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), preferably in a high-temperature-resistant form, or a resin, reinforcing elements, such as glass fibers, being optionally added to the plastic resin. With this plastic, a high product speed can be achieved due to the fast processing properties. At the same time, a particularly high resistance in use is given. Another teaching of the invention provides that the plastic of the surface element is a thermoplastic, preferably PE. These are particularly inexpensive plastics. Components of these, such as plates, sheets or films can be locally produced directly locally, so that Significant transport and possibly also storage costs of finished products deleted.

With regard to the concrete element for creating a tunnel lining, the teaching of the invention provides that a protective element as described above is used. This is then a concrete element for creating a tunnel construction with a convex outer surface and an opposite inner surface), wherein a protective element is connected to the inner surface via at least one connecting element, characterized in that the protective element is a protective element as described above.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1

eine räumliche Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Betonelements mit erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelement,

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht zum Schutzelement gemäß Fig. 1,

Fig.3a - 3d

Prinzipskizzen in Schnittansichten alternativer Ausführungsformen zu Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

einen Ausschnitt in Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Drainageelements,

Fig. 5

einen Ausschnitt in Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Drainageelements,

Fig.6a

einen Ausschnitt in Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Drainageelements,

Fig. 6b

eine Seitenansicht von Bestandteilen des Drainageelements zu Fig. 6a,

Fig. 6c

eine Draufsicht zu Fig. 6b,

Fig. 6d

eine teilgeschnittene Seitenansicht des Drainageelements zu Fig. 6a im montierten Zustand,

Fig. 6e

eine teilgeschnittene Seitenansicht des Drainageelements zu Fig. 6a im ausgelösten Zustand,

Fig. 7a

einen Ausschnitt in Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements einer vierten Ausführungsform eines Drainageelements,

Fig. 7b

eine vergrößerte Schnittansicht zu Fig. 7a, und

Fig. 8

einen Ausschnitt in Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Schutzelements einer fünften Ausführungsform eines Drainageelements

Showing:

Fig. 1

a spatial representation of a concrete element according to the invention with protective element according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a sectional view of the protective element according to Fig. 1 .

Fig.3a - 3d

Principle sketches in sectional views of alternative embodiments to Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4

a detail in sectional view of a protective element according to the invention of a first embodiment of a drainage element,

Fig. 5

a detail in sectional view of a protective element according to the invention of a second embodiment of a drainage element,

6a

a detail in sectional view of a protective element according to the invention a third embodiment of a drainage element,

Fig. 6b

a side view of components of the drainage element to Fig. 6a .

Fig. 6c

a plan view too Fig. 6b .

Fig. 6d

a partially cut side view of the drainage element to Fig. 6a in the assembled state,

Fig. 6e

a partially cut side view of the drainage element to Fig. 6a in the triggered state,

Fig. 7a

a detail in a sectional view of a protective element according to the invention of a fourth embodiment of a drainage element,

Fig. 7b

an enlarged sectional view to Fig. 7a , and

Fig. 8

a detail in a sectional view of a protective element according to the invention a fifth embodiment of a drainage element

In a concrete element 10 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) is a segment segment (tubbing) of a tunnel construction. The segment section has a convex upper side 11 and an underside 12 arranged opposite thereto (in FIG Fig. 1 covered by a protective element 20). On the inner side 12 of the concrete element, the protective element 20 is arranged. In this embodiment, the protective element 20 has a bottom section 21 and wall sections 22, 23. At these wall portions 22, 23, a receiving portion 29 is provided, in which a seal 30 is arranged. The connection between seal 30 and protective element 20 takes place, for example, by injection molding.

Alternatively, the concrete element can also have only one protective element 20 with a bottom section 21 (not shown). A seal 30 can, must but not intended. If no seal is provided, the joints between the individual protective elements 20 of the concrete elements 10 are welded together.

The protective element 20 has, as in Fig. 2 shown, a bottom portion 21, on the outer sides wall portions 22, 23 are arranged substantially at right angles, but also in any other arrangement. To produce a holding connection between the protective element 20 and the concrete element 10, the inside of the bottom section 21 has pin elements 17. Alternatively and not shown, webs can also be arranged parallel to an outer wall and webs to the outer wall arranged at right angles thereto. The webs may for example be provided with openings through which concrete 16 can pass and thus produces a particularly well-retaining compound after curing.

In a receiving region 29, the seal 30 is arranged. The seal 30 is made of an elastic plastic. The seal 30 has a sealing surface 31 which strikes either a different concrete surface or another sealing surface 31 of a seal 30 when assembling the individual concrete elements. Inside, the seal has 30 chambers 32. When assembling the concrete elements 10, the elastic plastic of the seal 30 is deformed and the chambers 32 are compressed. Opposite the sealing surface 31 holding projections 33 are arranged, which engage in the plastic of the side wall 22, 23 of the protective element 20. These and the nearby side walls of the seal 30 combine during injection molding with the plastic of the protective element or are enclosed by this gas-tight.

A protective element 20, as in Fig. 2 can be produced, for example, by injection molding. Alternative embodiments are in Fig. 3a to 3d shown.

Fig. 3a to Fig. 3d show alternative embodiments of the protective element 20 in view of the fact that the protective element 20 or the bottom portion and / or the wall portion at least partially a second portion 28 of prefabricated semi-finished products such as webs with protrusions arranged thereon are made. Fig. 3a to 3d show various exemplary ways of connecting the second portion 28 with a first portion 25, which was prepared for example by injection molding. This connection can be abrupt ( Fig. 3a . 3d and 3c ) or the second section 28 is unilaterally (not shown) or bilateral (25) of the first section 25 ( Fig. 3d ). In Fig. 3b the planar element forming the second section 28 is provided not only as a component of the bottom section 21 but also as a wall section 22, 23. The jerky joining, as in Fig. 3a . 3d and 3c has surprisingly been found to be sufficient in particular in the connection of PE as a sheet-like element and pDCPD as injection-moldable plastic of the first section 25. Depending on the requirements of the protective element, it is also possible to provide a plurality of flat sections, possibly of different materials, which are then connected to one another via a plurality of first sections 25 via the one or more different injection-moldable plastics. This applies to both floor section 21, wall section 22, 23 and ceiling sections.

Fig. 1 schematically has a drainage element 40, which is shown in the form of an opening 41 in the protective element 20 in the bottom portion 21. As in Fig. 2 to 3d is shown schematically, the drainage member 40 has a hollow body 42 which corresponds at its lower end 43 with the opening 41.

Embodiments of the drainage element are in the Fig. 4 to Fig. 6e shown.

Fig. 4 shows the opening 41 in the protective element 20. On the protective element 20, a hollow body 42 is arranged, which is attached to the bottom portion 21 via a weld 43 'fixed (in one piece). The hollow body 42 has an inner space 44 which is defined by the wall 45 and a cover element 46. For example, the hollow body 42 may be an erectile dowel via which handling of the concrete element takes place during installation in the tunnel. The wall 45 has a recess 47 which is arranged on the inner wall 48. In this recess hollow body bores 50 are provided, via which the groundwater from the inside A of the protective element 20 into the interior 44 passes the hollow body 42. From here it then passes through the opening 41 to the outer side B of the protective element 20. In the hollow body bores 50 closure elements 49 are provided. This may be, for example, elements that are movably provided in the bore 50 and but due to the friction between the closure member 49 and bore 50 oppose the groundwater resistance and only after reaching a limit pressure by the groundwater from the bore 50 into the interior 44 are moved. Alternatively, the closure member 49 integrally connected to the bore 50 a, in which case the connection breaks when the limit pressure is exceeded.

Figure 5 shows the opening 41 in the protective element 20. Corresponding to the protective element 20, a hollow body 42 is arranged. This can again be an erectile dowry. On the protective element 20, a connection element 51 is provided with an internally threaded portion 52. The connection of the connecting element 51 with the protective element 20 or also of the hollow body 42 with the protective element 20 can take place at a drainage element 40, for example by welding, gluing. It is also possible to provide the hollow body 42 in one piece and integrally with the protective element by producing the hollow body 42 directly together with the protective element, for example by injection molding. In Fig. 5 the hollow body 42 has on its outer wall 53 a male threaded portion 54 corresponding to the female threaded portion 52. The hollow body 42 is then screwed with its male threaded portion 54 in the female threaded portion 52 of the connecting element 51.

On the inner wall 48, a recess 55 is provided, which is designed here, for example, circumferential. Another embodiment would be that the recess 55 is provided only in sections on the inner wall 48. The depression 55 serves to hold at least one section 56 of the closure element 49. The closure element 49 is designed here in the form of a cover with a cavity 57. It has a bottom portion 58 and a wall 59. An embodiment as a solid body is also possible, for example. About the portion 56, the closure member 49 in the interior 44 of the hollow body 42 in the recess 55 arranged that the opening 41 is closed. The closure element 49 is clamped over the portion 56 in the recess 55. Alternatively, the closure element can also be screwed into the opening 41 or into the hollow body 42 or into the openings 50 via a thread. After exceeding a limiting pressure, the groundwater presses the closure element 49 out of the hollow body 42 or out of the opening 41, so that the groundwater can reach the interior. The closure element 49 comes off the drainage element 40 and thereby enters the tunnel.

Fig. 6a to 6e show a further embodiment of a drainage element 40. Here, in turn, the opening 41 in the protective element 20 is arranged. Corresponding to the protective element, a hollow body 42 is arranged. This can again be an erectile dowry. On the inner wall 48, a recess 55 is provided, which is designed here, for example, circumferential. Furthermore, a recess 47 is provided with the hollow body bores 50. In Fig. 6a is shown in the recess 47, a closure member 60, for example in the form of an O-ring which closes the holes 50. The closing may be useful, for example, during the connection of the protective element 20 with the concrete 16 in the manufacture of the concrete element 10, so that no concrete enters the drainage element 40.

Fig. 6b and Fig. 6c show an embodiment of the closure element 50. The closure element 60 has a closure portion 61 which is connected to an abutment element 62. Here, the abutment member 62 has a rod portion 63 which is movably and slidably provided with the shutter portion 61. Here, a blind hole 64 is provided in the closure portion, in which engages the rod portion. At the blind hole or at the closure portion 61 on the one side and the abutment member 62, a respective bearing surface 65 is provided, and between which a spring element 66 is arranged biased, wherein it is arranged here around the rod portion 6. It is advantageous here when the spring element 66 pulls the closure section 61 and the abutment element 62 towards each other, so that the groundwater acting on the closure section 61 must move it away from the abutment element 62. Fig. 6c shows a plan view the abutment member 62 having a peripheral outer portion 67 are provided on the connecting portions 68 for the rod portion 63. Between the outer portion 67, the connecting portions 68 and the rod portion 63 openings 69 are provided through which the groundwater can pass.

Furthermore, a recess 70 for receiving the abutment member 62 in the inner wall 48 is provided circumferentially.

In Fig. 6d It is shown how the closure element 50 is arranged in the drainage element 40. In this case, the abutment element 62 is arranged in the recess 70. Furthermore, the closure portion 61 is disposed over portions 56 in the recess 55. At the same time, the spring element 66 pulls the closure section 61 and the abutment element 62 towards each other and thus biases the closure element 61. The O-ring 60 is removed from the hollow body 42 from the recess 47 and the hollow body bores 42 are free.

In Fig. 6e the triggered or open state of the drainage element 40 is shown. Through the groundwater, the closure element 61 was released from the recess 55 and moved against the spring force of the spring element from the hollow body 42 and through the opening 41 therethrough. The opening 41 is released and the groundwater can flow from the inside A to the outside B. However, the closure element 61 is held by the spring element 66 and does not fall into the tunnel. During an inspection of the tunnel, after the groundwater pressure has gone back, the closure element 61 can then be pushed back into the drainage element 40 until the section 56 of the closure element 61 again engages in the depression 55, so that the drainage element 40 is again open from an open position a closed state can be transferred.

Another embodiment of the invention is in the Fig. 7a and 7b shown. In the protective element 20, in turn, the opening 41 is provided, on which a drainage element 40 is provided. Corresponding to the protective element 20, a hollow body 42 is arranged, in which there is a connection element 51 with an internally threaded portion 52. Die Connection of the connecting element 51 with the protective element 20 can take place in such a drainage element 40, for example by welding, gluing. It is also possible to provide the hollow body 42 in one piece and integrally with the protective element by producing the hollow body 42 directly together with the protective element, for example by injection molding.

In Fig. 7a is in the female threaded portion 52 of the connecting element 51, a further hollow body 42 ', for example, again an erectile dowel or a screw plug, with an attached to its outer wall 53 to the female threaded portion 52 corresponding outer threaded portion 54 is introduced. I

The at least one opening 50 is provided here in the connection element 51. Furthermore, a sealing element 71, for example in the form of a rubber element, provided that the at least one opening 50 closes. The sealing element 71 may be arranged on the hollow body 42 ', for example by gluing or the like, or as in Fig. 7 is shown, is provided on the connection element 51. Here it can also be connected to the connection element 51 by gluing or the like, or it has a connection element 72, which can enter into a holding connection with the connection element 51. In Fig. 7a the sealing element is shown with a right-angled protruding connecting element 72 that in the assembled state protrudes into a recess 73 in the connection element 51 and thereby arranges the sealing element 71 on the connection element 51.

Between connection element 51 and hollow body 42 'is a distance 74, which can be used channel-like for drainage. The distance is closed in the region of the at least one opening 50 with the sealing element 71. Above another sealing element 75 is provided, here for example in the form of an O-ring, with a permanent sealing of the distance 74 between the connecting element 51 and hollow body 42 'is achieved to prevent uncontrolled leakage of gases or liquids here.

The pending liquid passes through the at least one opening 50 against the sealing element 71. This is quasi by its material property biased. If the pressure is greater than the abutment force / spring force of the sealing element 71, then the sealing element 71 deforms and separates from the inner wall 48 (FIG. Fig. 7b ), so that a gap D forms, which opens into the channel-like distance 74. The liquid may then exit in the closing direction C through the gap D and the distance 74 into the interior.

Decreases the pressure of the pending liquid, the sealing element 71 expands again and rests against the inner wall 48, so that the gap D closes again and the sealing element is gas-tight and liquid-tight again.

Another embodiment of the invention is in the Fig. 8 shown. In the protective element 20, in turn, the opening 41 is provided, on which a drainage element 40 is provided. Corresponding to the protective element 20, a hollow body 42 is arranged, which may be a sleeve or a connecting element 51. The hollow body 42 has in the wall 45 in the inner space 44 at least one opening 50 for the passage of the pending liquid and a recess 76. In the interior 44 and in particular in the recess 76, an elastic sealing element 71 is provided. The sealing element 71 is further designed so that it covers the at least one opening 50 and thus closes.

In the sealing element 71 preferably in connection with the recess, a closure element 49 is provided holding. This has here by way of example projections 77 which engage in the recess and thus hold the closure element in the hollow body 42. The drainage is done as previously described. The pending liquid passes through the at least one opening 50 against the sealing element 71. This is quasi biased by its material property. If the pressure is greater than the abutment force / spring force of the sealing element 71, then the sealing element 71 deforms and separates from the inner wall 48 (FIG. Fig. 7b ), so that a gap D forms, which opens into the channel-like distance 74. The liquid may then exit in the closing direction C through the gap D and the distance 74 into the interior. Decreases the pressure of the liquid present, the sealing element 71 expands again and is located again at the inner wall 48, so that the gap D closes again and the sealing element is closed again gas and liquid-tight.

In addition, the closure element is pressed down toward the interior in the direction of arrow E. This results in an additional sealing effect within the recess in the horizontal sections 78 of the recess 76. If the liquid continues to rise in the concrete element 10 and the pressure increases beyond a measure , so that the pending liquid can not be discharged through the opening 50. Thus, the closure element 49 can be pressed from the sealing element 71 and the recess 76 and then from the hollow body 42 in the direction of arrow E in the interior to allow a stronger liquid leakage and prevent damage to the protective element 20. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 55 deepening 10 concrete element 56 section 11 top 57 cavity 12 bottom 58 bottom section 59 transformation 16 concrete 60 closure element 17 pin element 61 closure portion 62 abutment 20 protection element 63 Staff section 21 bottom section 64 blind 22 wall section 65 bearing surface 23 wall section 66 spring element 67 outer portion 25 section 68 connecting portion 28 section 69 opening 29 reception area 70 deepening 30 poetry 71 sealing element 31 sealing surface 72 connecting element 32 chamber 73 deepening 74 distance 40 drainage 75 sealing element 41 opening 76 deepening 42 hollow body 77 head Start 42 ' hollow body 78 horizontal section 43 lower end 43 ' Weld A inside 44 inner space B outside 45 wall C drain direction 46 cover element D gap 47 deepening e arrow 48 inner wall 49 closure element 50 Hollow body bore 51 connection elements 52 Internally threaded portion 53 external migration 54 Externally threaded section

Claims (17)

1. Protective element for connecting to a concrete element of a tunnel lining and having a protective portion which has a first side which faces the concrete element (10) and on which there is provided at least one connecting element (17) for producing a durable connection of the protective portion to the concrete element (10), wherein the protective portion consists of at least one plastics material, characterized in that the protective portion (20) has at least one drainage element (40) through which a liquid can pass from the first side of the protective portion (20) to the opposite side of the protective portion (20) that faces away from the concrete element (10).
2. Protective element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drainage element (40) has at least one opening (41) in the protective element (20).
3. Protective element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drainage element (40) has a closure element (49) for closing the drainage element (40) with respect to the opposite side of the protective portion.
4. Protective element according to Claim 3, characterized in that the closure element (49, 60) is designed for closing the opening (41).
5. Protective element according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the drainage element (40) has a receptacle (47, 55, 70, 76) for the closure element (49, 60).
6. Protective element according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the closure element (49, 60) is arranged under prestress in the opening (41).
7. Protective element according to Claim 6, characterized in that, to provide the prestress, a spring element (63) or an elastic element (71) is provided.
8. Protective element according to one of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the drainage element (40) has, corresponding to the opening (41), a hollow body (42, 51).
9. Protective element according to Claim 8, characterized in that the one hollow body (42, 51) is a sheath.
10. Protective element according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the hollow body is an erector dowel.
11. Protective element according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that there is provided in a wall (45) of the hollow body (42, 51) at least one hollow body opening (50) through which the liquid can pass from the first side into the hollow body (42, 51).
12. Protective element according to Claim 11, characterized in that a closure body (49, 71) is provided in or in front of the at least one hollow body opening (50).
13. Protective element according to Claim 12, characterized in that the closure body (49, 71) is designed in such a way that the hollow body opening (50) can be freed after a limit pressure has been exceeded.
14. Protective element according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the protective portion has at least one base portion (21) or has at least one base portion (21) and at least one wall portion (22, 23).
15. Protective element according to Claim 14, characterized in that the at least one drainage element (40) is provided on the at least one base portion (21) and/or on the at least one wall portion (22, 23).
16. Protective element according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the protective element (20) has at least one seal (30) which is connected in one piece to the protective portion (20), wherein the connection is gas-tight and liquid-tight.
17. Concrete element for producing a tunnel lining having a convex outer surface (11) and an opposite inner surface (12), wherein a protective element (20) is connected to the inner surface (12) via at least one connecting element (17), characterized in that the protective element (20) is a protective element according to one of Claims 1 to 16.

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