EP3587704B1 - Formwork dummy and method for mounting same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a formwork dummy for the formation of reservations of openings in a concrete wall, sometimes referred to more generally in the following as setting material, and its mounting method.

Currently, concrete walls are formed by pouring liquid concrete into a formwork formed by two vertical supports facing each other, called formwork.

To make it possible to form the reservations, that is to say cavities in the wall which is formed and which will receive various elements once the wall has been formed, negatives, called mannequins, are used which are placed between the two formwork before the pouring concrete.

These mannequins are attached to the formwork by any appropriate means, for example by screwing, nailing, if the formwork is made of wood, or by welding or by means of magnets if the formwork is metal.

Today, mannequins are custom built for each recess that needs to be made in the wall.

Once the concrete has hardened, comes the stripping stage during which the formwork is removed as well as the models. To remove the dummies, due to their strong adhesion to the concrete, it is often necessary to hit the dummies with tools, such as a sledgehammer, to knock them out of the recess, which is not without damage for the models.

This step, in addition to damaging the mannequins, which therefore cannot always be reused, involves inevitable damage to the wall, in particular to the edges of the reservation, creating spalling at the edges.

These mannequins therefore pose several problems in the sense that they must be made to measure for each recess to be made in the wall and that they are not always reusable insofar as they are damaged during stripping, which further damages the wall. which has just been completed.

The document WO 2014/096623 describes a formwork device for making a reservation adapted to the dimensions of an opening in a poured concrete wall. This formwork device comprises at least one main panel, at least one additional panel, wedges and connecting elements arranged to produce an assembly in the same plane of the at least one main panel of the at least one additional panel and wedges.

The various elements making up the formwork device described in the document WO 2014/096623 are assembled to each other using the connecting elements in order to create a formwork device assembled in one piece.

Once all the elements have been assembled, the formwork device assembled in one piece is installed in the position of the opening to be created inside the formwork.

This operation is complicated to implement due to the weight of the formwork device in the assembled state. A single user will have difficulty transporting the device or will use a machine to be able to move it more easily.

However, these machines are not present on all construction sites, and it would be desirable for a single man to be able to set up the formwork dummy inside the formwork, neither with the help of a machine nor without difficulty.

In order to solve these problems, the applicant company has developed a formwork dummy for forming openings in a wall which can be easily mounted by a single user directly on the formwork element while being removable without damage. and reusable for forming other reservations.

• quatre ensembles de remplissage dits ensembles d'angle, aptes à être placés chacun dans une zone correspondant à un angle de la réservation, et dans des positions relatives telles que leur enveloppe extérieure corresponde à ladite réservation et qu'il soit ménagé, dans cette disposition, un espace séparant des faces verticales en regard des ensembles d'angle et un espace séparant des faces horizontales en regard des ensembles d'angle, un ensemble d'angle étant formé d'un seul bloc dit « bloc de remplissage » ou de plusieurs blocs de remplissage accolés ;
• des organes amovibles dits « clés de coffrage/décoffrage » aptes à être disposés dans les espaces précités et à maintenir les ensembles d'angle dans les angles de la réservation à former, lesdits organes étant aptes à régler l'écartement, qui est fonction de la dimension de ladite réservation, des ensembles d'angle en regard en position de montage, et étant également aptes à être retirés lors du démontage du mannequin, les organes amovibles étant aptes à maintenir les ensembles d'angle (E1 ;E2 ; E3 ; E4) dans les angles de la réservation à former par application sur le ou les blocs des ensembles d'angles d'une force dirigée vers le pourtour du mannequin de coffrage, chaque clé de coffrage/décoffrage comportant deux plaques destinées à venir s'appliquer sur les parois respectives de deux ensembles en regard en position de montage du mannequin, les deux plaques étant réunies par un mécanisme de réglage de leur écartement, ledit mécanisme de réglage pouvant consister :
• en deux tiges filetées montées chacune dans un trou taraudé pratiqué dans une plaque respective, les tiges filetées se situant dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre, perpendiculairement aux plaques, chacune portant, à son extrémité opposée à la plaque, un pignon conique, les deux pignons coniques coopérant avec un troisième pignon relié à une commande pour le rapprochement ou l'écartement des plaques ; ou
• en des crémaillères portées par les plaques respectives, les crémaillères étant disposées perpendiculairement aux plaques et coopérant avec une roue dentée centrale portant une commande pour le rapprochement ou l'écartement des plaques ; ou
• en une tige filetée portée par l'une des plaques, en un tube cylindrique creux sans filetage interne porté par l'autre plaque et recevant ladite tige filetée, et en un organe de réglage formé par un corps creux comportant un alésage axial avec une première partie filetée coopérant avec ladite tige filetée et une seconde partie non filetée de plus grand diamètre et apte à recevoir ledit tube cylindrique, le réglage s'effectuant par pivotement manuel dudit corps creux ; et
• un jeu de plaques de fermeture aptes à fermer les extrémités des espaces précités en position de montage pour constituer, avec les parois externes des ensembles d'angle, le pourtour du mannequin que l'on veut former.

The present invention therefore firstly relates to a formwork dummy in kit form for the formation, on a formwork face, of the reservation of an opening in a wall formed from a setting material, said reservation having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the mannequin includes:

• four filling assemblies called corner assemblies, each suitable for being placed in a zone corresponding to an angle of the reservation, and in relative positions such that their outer envelope corresponds to said reservation and that there is provided, in this arrangement, a space separating the vertical faces facing the corner sets and a space separating the horizontal faces facing the sets of angle, a set of angles being formed of a single block called a “filling block” or of several adjoining filling blocks;
• removable members called "formwork/stripping keys" capable of being placed in the aforementioned spaces and of holding the angle assemblies in the corners of the reservation to be formed, said members being capable of adjusting the spacing, which is a function of the dimension of said reservation, of the facing angle assemblies in the assembly position, and also being able to be removed when disassembling the dummy, the removable members being able to hold the angle assemblies (E1; E2; E3; E4) in the angles of the recess to be formed by application on the block(s) of the sets of angles of a force directed towards the periphery of the formwork dummy, each formwork/stripping key comprising two plates intended to be applied on the respective walls of two facing assemblies in the mounting position of the dummy, the two plates being joined by a mechanism for adjusting their spacing, said adjusting mechanism possibly consisting of:
• into two threaded rods each mounted in a tapped hole made in a respective plate, the threaded rods being located in the extension of one another, perpendicular to the plates, each bearing, at its end opposite the plate, a bevel pinion , the two bevel gears cooperating with a third pinion connected to a control for bringing the plates closer or apart; Where
• in racks carried by the respective plates, the racks being arranged perpendicular to the plates and cooperating with a central toothed wheel carrying a control for bringing the plates closer together or separating them; Where
• into a threaded rod carried by one of the plates, into a hollow cylindrical tube without internal thread carried by the other plate and receiving said rod threaded, and an adjustment member formed by a hollow body comprising an axial bore with a first threaded part cooperating with said threaded rod and a second non-threaded part of larger diameter and capable of receiving said cylindrical tube, the adjustment being carried out by manual pivoting of said hollow body; and
• a set of closure plates capable of closing the ends of the aforementioned spaces in the mounting position to constitute, with the outer walls of the corner assemblies, the periphery of the dummy which it is desired to form.

• des blocs pleins, lesquels peuvent être formés d'une enveloppe extérieure (10) remplie par une mousse (11) ; ou
• des blocs creux ; ou
• des blocs ajourés comportant intérieurement au moins un montant et au moins une traverse, lesquels peuvent eux-mêmes être creux ou remplis par une mousse ; ou
• des blocs dont le remplissage interne est constitué par une structure en nid d'abeilles dont les alvéoles débouchent sur les deux faces principales en regard.

The filling blocks (1; 2) can be parallelepipedic and can in particular be:

• solid blocks, which can be formed of an outer casing (10) filled with a foam (11); Where
• hollow blocks; Where
• perforated blocks comprising internally at least one upright and at least one crosspiece, which can themselves be hollow or filled with a foam; Where
• blocks whose internal filling consists of a honeycomb structure whose cells open onto the two main facing faces.

A filling block may comprise a handling handle formed hollow on at least one of its end faces in the mounting position, on which a formwork is intended to be applied for the casting of the material to be set, or formed by a bar passing through a cavity formed in the block on at least one of its end faces in the mounting position, said cavity possibly being through to receive a single bar allowing manipulation of a block by one face or another.

A filling block may comprise at least one reservation for the placement of a magnet on at least one of its end faces in the mounting position, on which a formwork is intended to be applied for the casting of the material socket, said formwork being a metal formwork and the magnet(s) being intended to cooperate with the latter, the reservation(s) possibly being through reservations.

Along at least one vertical edge and/or at least one horizontal edge in the mounting position of the dummy, a filler block may include at least one notch intended to receive part of a self-centering splint said filler block with an adjacent filler block in the assembly position, said adjacent filler block comprising a notch for receiving the other part of the splint, which comes into the assembly position and is placed in the notches without protruding corresponding faces of the two blocks then coming to lie in the extension of one another.

Several formwork/stripping keys may be capable of being arranged side by side in a space between two facing assemblies, two adjacent plates belonging to two adjacent formwork/stripping keys being able to be connected by a flexible link.

The formwork dummy may also comprise a set of blocks or strips called "additional thickness and sealing blocks" or "additional thickness and sealing strips" capable of being applied against a filling block or at least on the outer edges of a corner assembly to complete the filling according to the thickness of the wall and to ensure sealing, said blocks or said extra thickness and sealing strips being able to be inserted, by a peripheral projection of said block or of said strip in a corresponding groove of the filling block concerned.

The formwork dummy may further comprise at least one member integrated in a filling block disposed in a corner or on one side of the formwork dummy and able to be controlled for, once the setting material has been put in place and said formwork/stripping removed, bring out, as the case may be, at an angle or laterally, a thrust element on the adjacent walls of the material having undergone setting in order to ensure the separation of said filling block.

• un vérin à piston que l'on introduit dans la cavité, ledit vérin pouvant être amovible notamment pour pouvoir être utilisé pour commander tous les organes de décollement d'un mannequin ; ou
• une commande par excentrique ; ou
• un bras de levier accessible depuis l'extérieur apte à pousser l'élément mobile pour décoller le bloc de remplissage.

The member integrated into a filling block to ensure the detachment of said block from the wall of setting material once the setting has taken place may consist of an element movable in translation housed in a cavity formed in said block and opening out into a part of the outer surface of said block, said element being able to pass, under the action of a control accessible from a front face of said block, from a position in which it closes said cavity and comes flush with said outer surface part to a position in which it protrudes from said block, the element movable in translation possibly consisting of a rod, one end of which is configured to come flush with the outer surface part of the filling block, the control being mounted to move the rod in translation by a thrust applied to said other end, the cavity formed in said block presenting from the outer surface into which said rod opens, a part for guiding the sliding of the latter, then a part for housing said control and for moving the latter, the control possibly being:

• a piston cylinder which is introduced into the cavity, said cylinder being able to be removed in particular so that it can be used to control all the detachment members of a dummy; Where
• an eccentric control; Where
• a lever arm accessible from the outside able to push the movable element to take off the filling block.

The rod may have, in its part adjacent to the control, a projection, such as a collar, capable of coming into abutment against a wall of the cavity at the end of the translation stroke to prevent the rod from leaving the cavity.

The rod can be mounted to be perpendicular to a horizontal or vertical side wall when it is intended to open into said side wall, respectively horizontal or vertical, the corresponding end wall of said rod being perpendicular to the mean line thereof. this.

The rod can be mounted to be disposed at an angle of 45° to emerge in a corner, preferably an upper corner of the filling block, the corresponding end wall of said rod having a widened part having two walls intended to come to flower, one with a side wall of said block and the other with the adjacent side wall of said block at 90° from the previous one, a widening of the cavity housing the stem being made in such a way corresponding in said filling block for the reception of said widened part.

• des blocs de remplissage dits de plus grande largeur ;
• des blocs de remplissage dits de plus petite largeur ;
• des blocs de remplissage dits de largeur intermédiaire.

The formwork dummy kit may include a set of filling blocks with variable dimensions allowing the formwork dummy to be composed on site, in particular:

• so-called larger-width filler blocks;
• so-called smaller-width filler blocks;
• so-called intermediate-width filling blocks.

• matérialisation du contour de la réservation à créer sur la banche, par exemple par tracé sur la banche ;
• positionnement du premier ensemble d'angle dans l'une des zones d'angle inférieures de la réservation, lorsque la réservation est vue sans sa position dans le mur, de telle sorte que les bords extérieurs du premier ensemble d'angle correspondent avec le contour de la réservation, le cas échéant par support du premier ensemble d'angle, par exemple sur un dispositif aimanté positionné sur une banche métallique et fixation du premier ensemble d'angle sur la banche, par exemple à l'aide d'un aimant ;
• positionnement du deuxième ensemble d'angle dans la seconde zone d'angle inférieure de la réservation, de telle sorte que les bords extérieurs du deuxième ensemble d'angle correspondent avec le contour de la réservation, le cas échéant par support du deuxième ensemble d'angle, par exemple sur un dispositif aimanté positionné sur une banche métallique et fixation du deuxième ensemble d'angle sur la banche, par exemple à l'aide d'un aimant ;
• positionnement d'au moins un organe amovible, dit clé de coffrage/décoffrage entre les premier et deuxième ensembles d'angle et réglage de celui-ci ou ceux-ci afin de maintenir l'écartement entre lesdits premier et deuxième ensembles d'angle ;
• positionnement d'au moins une clé de coffrage/décoffrage sur la face libre supérieure perpendiculaire à la banche de chacun des premier et deuxième ensembles d'angle ;
• positionnement du troisième ensemble d'angle sur l'au moins une clé de coffrage/décoffrage positionnée sur le premier ensemble d'angle et positionnement du quatrième ensemble d'angle sur l'au moins une clé de coffrage/décoffrage positionnée sur le deuxième ensemble d'angle ;
• réglage de l'écartement entre les premier et troisième ensembles d'angle à l'aide de l'au moins une clé de coffrage/décoffrage positionnée entre lesdits premier et troisième ensembles d'angle de telle sorte que le troisième ensemble d'angle se trouve dans la première zone d'angle supérieure de la réservation et que les bords extérieurs du troisième ensemble d'angle correspondent avec le contour de la réservation, et fixation du troisième ensemble d'angle sur la banche, par exemple à l'aide d'un aimant ;
• réglage de l'écartement entre les deuxième et quatrième ensembles d'angle à l'aide de l'au moins une clé de coffrage/décoffrage positionnée entre lesdits deuxième et quatrième ensembles d'angle de telle sorte que le quatrième ensemble d'angle se trouve dans la seconde zone d'angle supérieure de la réservation et que les bords extérieurs du quatrième ensemble d'angle correspondent avec le contour de la réservation, et fixation du quatrième ensemble d'angle sur la banche, par exemple à l'aide d'un aimant ;
• positionnement d'au moins une clé de coffrage/décoffrage entre les troisième et quatrième ensembles d'angle et réglage de celle-ci ou celles-ci afin de maintenir l'écartement entre lesdits troisième et quatrième ensembles d'angle ;
• positionnement des plaques de fermeture entre les premier et deuxième ensembles d'angle, les premier et troisième ensembles d'angle, les deuxième et quatrième ensembles d'angle, et les troisième et quatrième ensembles d'angle ;
• le cas échéant, retrait du ou des dispositifs de support utilisés pour supporter les premier et deuxième ensembles d'angle.

The invention also relates to a method for mounting on a formwork face/formwork panel, a formwork dummy according to the invention, the method comprises the following steps:

• materialization of the outline of the reservation to be created on the formwork, for example by drawing on the formwork;
• positioning of the first corner set in one of the lower corner areas of the opening, when the opening is viewed without its position in the wall, such that the outer edges of the first corner set correspond with the outline the reservation, if necessary by supporting the first corner assembly, for example on a magnetic device positioned on a metal formwork and fixing the first corner assembly on the formwork, for example using a magnet;
• positioning of the second set of corners in the second lower corner area of the reservation, such that the outer edges of the second set of corners correspond with the contour of the reservation, if necessary by supporting the second set of angle, for example on a magnetized device positioned on a metal formwork and fixing of the second set of angles on the formwork, for example using a magnet;
• positioning of at least one removable member, called formwork/stripping key between the first and second angle sets and adjustment of the latter or these in order to maintain the spacing between said first and second angle sets;
• positioning of at least one formwork/stripping key on the upper free face perpendicular to the formwork of each of the first and second corner sets;
• positioning of the third set of angles on the at least one formwork/stripping key positioned on the first set of angles and positioning of the fourth set of angles on the at least one formwork/stripping key positioned on the second set corner;
• adjustment of the spacing between the first and third sets of angles using the at least one formwork/stripping key positioned between said first and third sets of angles so that the third set of angles is in the first upper corner area of the recess and that the outer edges of the third corner assembly correspond with the outline of the recess, and fixing the third corner assembly to the formwork, for example using 'a magnet ;
• adjustment of the spacing between the second and fourth sets of angles using the at least one formwork/stripping key positioned between said second and fourth sets of angles so that the fourth set of angles is in the upper second corner area of the recess and that the outer edges of the fourth corner assembly correspond with the contour of the recess, and fastening the fourth corner assembly to the formwork, for example using 'a magnet ;
• positioning of at least one formwork/stripping key between the third and fourth angle sets and adjustment thereof or these in order to maintain the spacing between said third and fourth angle sets;
• positioning the closure plates between the first and second corner sets, the first and third corner sets, the second and fourth corner sets, and the third and fourth corner sets;
• if applicable, removing the support device(s) used to support the first and second corner assemblies.

To better illustrate the object of the present invention, there will be described below, by way of indication and not limitation, several particular embodiments with reference to the appended drawing.

• les Figures 1 et 2 représentent chacune, en perspective et dans sa forme générale, un élément du kit du mannequin de coffrage selon l'invention, dit « bloc de remplissage » ;
• la Figure 3 représente une vue en perspective et dans sa forme générale d'un élément du kit du mannequin de coffrage selon l'invention, dit « clé de coffrage/décoffrage » ;
• la Figure 4 représente une vue de face et dans sa forme générale un dispositif de surépaisseur formé d'éléments du kit du mannequin de coffrage selon l'invention, dits « blocs de surépaisseur », aptes à venir s'appliquer contre le bloc de remplissage des Figures respectivement 1 et 2;
• la Figure 5 est une vue en perspective de l'un de ces blocs de surépaisseur ;
• la Figure 6 est, à plus grande échelle, une vue de face du bloc de remplissage de la Figure 1 ;
• la Figure 7 est une vue en coupe selon VII-VII de la Figure 6 ;
• la Figure 8 est, à plus grande échelle, une vue en coupe du bloc des Figures 1 et 6 selon VIII-VIII de la Figure 7 ;
• la Figure 9 représente, à plus grande échelle, une vue partielle de face de la clé de coffrage/décoffrage de la Figure 3, montrant un organe central de liaison ;
• la Figure 10 est une vue en coupe selon X-X de la Figure 9 ;
• la Figure 11 est une vue analogue à la Figure 9 montrant un organe central de liaison réalisé selon une variante ;
• la Figure 12 représente, à échelle agrandie, une vue en coupe selon XII-XII d'une partie latérale du bloc de la Figure 6 incorporant un organe commandé par un vérin facilitant, après retrait de la clé, le décollement dudit bloc d'avec la paroi en béton une fois formée, ledit organe étant représenté dans la position dans laquelle le béton vient d'être mis en place autour du mannequin ;
• la Figure 13 est une vue correspondant à la Figure 12 dans la position dans laquelle le bloc a été décollé de la paroi en béton ;
• les Figures 14 et 15 sont des vues correspondant aux Figures respectivement 12 et 13, montrant un organe facilitant, après retrait de la clé, le décollement du bloc associé, organe qui est commandé, non plus par un vérin mais par un excentrique ;
• la Figure 16 représente, à échelle agrandie, une vue en coupe selon XVI-XVI d'une partie d'angle du bloc de la Figure 6 incorporant un organe, commandé par un vérin, facilitant après retrait de la clé, le décollement dudit bloc d'avec la paroi en béton une fois formée, ledit organe état représenté dans la position dans laquelle le béton vient d'être mis en place autour du mannequin ;
• la Figure 17 est une vue correspondant à la Figure 16 dans la position dans laquelle le bloc a été décollé de la paroi en béton ;
• les Figure 18 et 19 sont des vues correspondant aux Figures respectivement 16 et 17, montrant un organe facilitant, après retrait de la clé, le décollement du bloc associé, organe qui est commandé, non plus par un vérin mais par un excentrique ;
• la Figure 20 est, à plus grande échelle, une vue en perspective d'une éclisse permettant de bien aligner deux éléments du kit du mannequin de coffrage selon l'invention qui sont disposés côte à côte lors de la formation du coffrage ;
• la Figure 21 est, à plus petite échelle, une vue en coupe de l'éclisse dans une position de montage ;
• les Figures 22 et 23 sont chacune une vue schématique de face d'un mannequin de coffrage pouvant être réalisé selon l'invention ;
• la Figure 24 est une vue partielle en coupe représentant un mannequin de coffrage pouvant être réalisé selon l'invention et placé entre les deux banches pour la coulée du béton ;
• la Figure 25 est une vue analogue à la Figure 23, des blocs de surépaisseur ayant été placés sur les blocs de remplissage pour créer une réservation dans un mur plus épais ;
• la Figure 26 est une vue analogue à la vue de la Figure 24, montrant le positionnement des blocs de surépaisseur pour former une réservation dans un mur plus épais ;
• les Figures 27 et 28 représentent chacune en perspective et à plus grande échelle un autre mode de réalisation des blocs de remplissage des Figures respectivement 1 et 2 du kit selon la présente invention, les blocs de remplissage présentant chacun une pluralité de cavités ; et
• la Figure 29 est une vue en coupe selon XXIX-XXIX de la Figure 27 ;
• la Figure 30 est une vue de face d'un mannequin de coffrage d'encore un autre mode de réalisation en position de coffrage ;
• la Figure 31 est une vue en coupe selon XXXI-XXXI de la Figure 30 ;
• les Figures 32 et 33 sont des vues à plus grande échelle respectivement de face et en coupe d'une clé de coffrage/décoffrage du mannequin de la Figure 30 ;
• la Figure 34 est à plus grande échelle une vue du détail D34 de la Figure 30 ;
• la Figure 35 montre de profil une partie de bordure une partie de bordure d'un bloc comportant une rainure de réception d'un cadre de surépaisseur ;
• la Figure 36 est une vue analogue à la Figure 30 montrant une variante de réalisation du mannequin de coffrage ;
• la Figure 37 est à plus grande échelle une vue du détail D37 de la Figure 36 ;
• la Figure 38 est une vue en perspective de l'un des blocs de remplissage utilisé dans le mannequin de la Figure 36 ;
• la Figure 39 est à plus grande échelle une vue partielle de face du bloc de remplissage de la Figure 38 ;
• la Figure 40 est à plus grande échelle une vue du détail D40 de la Figure 38 ;
• les Figures 41 à 45 montrent la séquence de montage d'un mannequin de coffrage de l'invention du type de celui représenté sur la Figure 30.

On this drawing :

• them Figures 1 and 2 each represent, in perspective and in its general shape, an element of the kit of the formwork dummy according to the invention, called “filling block”;
• the Figure 3 represents a view in perspective and in its general form of an element of the formwork dummy kit according to the invention, called “formwork/stripping key”;
• the Figure 4 shows a front view and in its general form an additional thickness device formed of elements of the formwork dummy kit according to the invention, called "additional thickness blocks", capable of being applied against the filling block of the Figures respectively 1 and 2;
• the Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of these extra thickness blocks;
• the Figure 6 is, on a larger scale, a front view of the filling block of the Figure 1 ;
• the Picture 7 is a sectional view according to VII-VII of the Figure 6 ;
• the Picture 8 is, on a larger scale, a sectional view of the block of Figures 1 and 6 according to VIII-VIII of the Figure 7 ;
• the Picture 9 represents, on a larger scale, a partial front view of the formwork/stripping key of the Figure 3 , showing a central connecting organ;
• the Picture 10 is a sectional view along XX of the Figure 9 ;
• the Picture 11 is a view analogous to Picture 9 showing a central connecting member produced according to a variant;
• the Picture 12 represents, on an enlarged scale, a sectional view according to XII-XII of a lateral part of the block of the Figure 6 incorporating a member controlled by a jack facilitating, after removal of the key, the detachment of said block from the concrete wall once formed, said member being shown in the position in which the concrete has just been placed around the model ;
• the Figure 13 is a view corresponding to the Picture 12 in the position in which the block has been detached from the concrete wall;
• them Figures 14 and 15 are views corresponding to Figures 12 and 13 respectively, showing a member facilitating, after removal of the key, the separation of the associated block, member which is no longer controlled by a cylinder but by an eccentric;
• the Picture 16 represents, on an enlarged scale, a sectional view according to XVI-XVI of a corner part of the block of the Figure 6 incorporating a member, controlled by a jack, facilitating after removal of the key, the detachment of said block from the concrete wall once formed, said member state shown in the position in which the concrete has just been placed around of the dummy;
• the Picture 17 is a view corresponding to the Picture 16 in the position in which the block has been detached from the concrete wall;
• them Figures 18 and 19 are views corresponding to Figures 16 and 17 respectively, showing a member facilitating, after removal of the key, the detachment of the associated block, member which is no longer controlled by a jack but by an eccentric;
• the Picture 20 is, on a larger scale, a perspective view of a splice making it possible to properly align two elements of the formwork dummy kit according to the invention which are arranged side by side during the formation of the formwork;
• the Picture 21 is, on a smaller scale, a cross-sectional view of the splint in a mounting position;
• them Figures 22 and 23 are each a schematic front view of a formwork dummy that can be produced according to the invention;
• the Picture 24 is a partial sectional view showing a formwork dummy that can be made according to the invention and placed between the two formwork panels for pouring the concrete;
• the Picture 25 is a view analogous to Picture 23 , extra thickness blocks having been placed on the filling blocks to create a recess in a thicker wall;
• the Picture 26 is a view analogous to the view of the Picture 24 , showing the positioning of extra thickness blocks to form a recess in a thicker wall;
• them Figures 27 and 28 each represent in perspective and on a larger scale another embodiment of the filling blocks of Figures 1 and 2 respectively of the kit according to the present invention, the filling blocks each having a plurality of cavities; and
• the Picture 29 is a sectional view according to XXIX-XXIX of the Picture 27 ;
• the Picture 30 is a front view of a formwork dummy of yet another embodiment in the formwork position;
• the Picture 31 is a sectional view according to XXXI-XXXI of the Picture 30 ;
• them Figures 32 and 33 are views on a larger scale, respectively, from the front and in section, of a formwork/stripping key of the dummy of the Picture 30 ;
• the Picture 34 is on a larger scale a view of the D34 detail of the Picture 30 ;
• the Picture 35 shows in profile an edge part an edge part of a block comprising a groove for receiving an extra thickness frame;
• the Picture 36 is a view analogous to Picture 30 showing an alternative embodiment of the formwork dummy;
• the Picture 37 is on a larger scale a view of detail D37 of the Picture 36 ;
• the Picture 38 is a perspective view of one of the filler blocks used in the dummy of the Picture 36 ;
• the Picture 39 is on a larger scale a partial front view of the filling block of the Picture 38 ;
• the Picture 40 is on a larger scale a view of the D40 detail of the Picture 38 ;
• them Figures 41 to 45 show the assembly sequence of a formwork dummy of the invention of the type shown in the Picture 30 .

On the Figures 1 and 2 , there are shown elements in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, called “filling blocks”, which belong to a kit for producing a formwork dummy according to the present invention.

On the Figure 1 , there is shown a first filling block 1, said to be of greater width, whereas on the Figure 2 , a filler block 2, said to be of smaller width, has been shown.

The kit according to the present invention will have a plurality of filler blocks 1, a plurality of filler blocks 2 as well as a plurality of so-called intermediate width filler blocks, not shown. Filling block 1 will be described in more detail below with reference to the Figures 6 to 8 .

With these filling blocks of different widths, the operator constructing a dummy to create a recess in a concrete wall to be poured will be able to choose the appropriate blocks in order to create the dummy which will correspond to a desired recess dimension.

The kit according to the present invention also has a plurality of elements called formwork/stripping keys. Three of these elements are represented on the Figure 3 .

A formwork/stripping key 3 consists of two plates ₃₁ and ₃₂ parallel to each other and interconnected by a central connecting member ₃₃ . The member ₃₃ also makes it possible to adjust the spacing between the plates ₃₁ and ₃₂ and comprises an adjustment button ₃₄ making it possible to actuate a mechanism located in a housing ₃₅ for adjusting the spacing. Examples of adjustment mechanism will be described in more detail below in connection with the Figures 9 to 11 .

The plates ₃₁ and 32 of the shuttering/stripping keys ₃ are typically made of a rigid plastic material such as polypropylene, optionally filled with glass fibres.

When forming the formwork dummy, it is possible to place several keys 3 one above the other, so that the total length of the superimposed keys corresponds substantially to the length of a filling block (1; 2) against which the 3 keys are located.

In this case, the superposed keys 3 can be connected to each other by a link ₃₆ which will be fixed to one of the plates of the first key and to the plate on the same side of the directly adjacent key. Links 3 ₆ can also be arranged on the opposite plates, as shown in the Figure 3 . The links ₃₆ can be links made of a flexible material, such as a polyamide such as nylon.

The filling blocks of the kit according to the present invention all have a single thickness which corresponds to the classic thickness of concrete walls poured today, for example 18 cm. However, the kit according to the present invention also advantageously comprises elements which will make it possible to cast walls of greater thickness.

These so-called "additional thickness" elements will now be described with reference to the Figures 4 and 5 .

The extra thickness elements consist of elements in the form of elongated rectangular parallelepipeds 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ , called extra thickness blocks, which can be placed on each filling block. The thickening blocks are placed by any means on the edges of the corner assembly/corner filler block whose thickness is to be increased. The arrangement of these extra thickness blocks will be illustrated below with reference to the Figures 25 and 26 .

We will now describe in more detail with reference to the Figure 6 to 8 , the filling block 1 of a kit according to the present invention.

The filling block 1 is typically a block of parallelepiped shape formed of a frame/envelope 10 of plastic material, for example of polypropylene optionally filled with glass fibers, and filled with a foam 11. The foam 11 can be a hard foam capable of withstanding compression, such as polyurethane foam.

In order to be able to move the block 1 easily, two handles 12 are recessed on at least one of the end faces of the latter when it is in the mounting position. The handles 12 are formed in the frame 10 in its middle part by practicing for each handle 12 two recesses of L-shaped section so that a handle 12 of T-section is formed as can be seen in the section of the Picture 7 .

In the case where the formwork panels used to form the wall are made of metal, at least on one of the end faces of block 1, in the assembly position, in frame 10, two reservations 13 are formed which will each receive a magnet at inside them. The first reservation 13 is formed in the upper part of the block and at a distance from each of its edges, the second reservation 13 being formed by symmetry with the first reservation. By doing so, block 1 can be placed easily against the form to form the dummy, block 1 being held by a magnet against the form. On the Figure 6 , the reservations 13 are rectangular in shape but these reservations can of course be of any other shape depending on the magnet that one wishes to accommodate in them.

Along the edges of the block 1, it is possible to form a plurality of notches 14 which are intended to receive self-centering splints which make it possible to properly align the filling block 1 with a neighboring block during the construction of the dummy of formwork. The notches 14 are regularly distributed along each edge of the block 1.

These notches and the self-centering fishplates will be described in more detail below with reference to the Figures 20 to 22 .

When the wall has been poured, the concrete has a strong adhesive force that causes the filling blocks that were in direct contact with the concrete to adhere to the freshly formed wall. In order to be able to remove the filling blocks without damaging them, the filling blocks each have a plurality of members which will make it possible to ensure the separation of the blocks.

These detachment members consist of a movable element in translation housed in a cavity formed in block 1 and opening out into a part of the outer surface of said block. The movable element is capable of moving, under the action of a command, from a position in which one of its ends comes flush with said outer surface part and a position in which this end protrudes from the block 1 .

A separation member is placed in one of the corners of block 1 so that the movable element is placed at 45° and emerges in one of the corners of block 1. Another separation member is placed in the vicinity of each edge of block 1 in the middle of each edge so that the movable element protrudes from the corresponding side wall of block 1.

In order to be able to act on the control of the detachment members, openings are created on at least one of the end faces of the block 1. The opening 15 allows access to the mechanism of the detachment member located in the corner of block 1, and the openings 16 to the detachment members located in the sides of block 1.

These separation members will be described in more detail below with reference to the Figures 12 to 19 .

We will now describe an embodiment of a first mechanism for adjusting the spacing between the plates 3 ₁ and 3 ₂ of the shuttering / stripping key 3 with reference to the Figures 9 and 10 .

This first gap adjustment mechanism is a mechanism with three bevel gears which are placed in the housing ₃₅ .

The adjustment button ₃₄ is connected by a rod ₃₆ to a first bevel pinion ₃₇ . Bevel gear ₃₇ is meshed with two other bevel gears 3s and ₃₉ . The bevel pinion 3s is connected to a threaded rod ₃₁₀ and the pinion ₃₉ to a threaded rod ₃₁₁ . The housing ₃₅ of course includes the orifices necessary for the passage of the rods ₃₆ , ₃₁₀ and ₃₁₁ .

Cavities ₃₁₂ and ₃₁₃ are made respectively in plate ₃₁ and 32. These cavities ₃₁₂ and ₃₁₃ are threaded so that the threads formed in them cooperate with those of the rods ₃₁₀ and ₃₁₁ respectively.

The screw threads of rods ₃₁₀ and ₃₁₁ are such that when knob ₃₄ is turned in one direction, pinions ₃₈ and ₃₉ drive said rods ₃₁₀ and ₃₁₁ so that plates ₃₁ and 3 ₂ approach or move away from each other in the same movement. When the operator turns button ₃₄ in the other direction, the plates will of course move in the opposite direction to that in which they move when button ₃₄ is moved in the first direction.

Rods and bevel gears can be made of metal or a plastic material such as PVC.

On the Picture 11 , there is shown a variant of the mechanism for adjusting the spacing of the plates of a key 3 formwork / stripping.

In this variant, button ₃₄ is connected by a rod, not shown, to a toothed wheel ₃₁₄ , located in housing ₃₅ . The toothed wheel ₃₁₄ cooperates with two racks ₃₁₅ and ₃₁₆ . The rack 3 ₁₅ is located in a first part of the casing 3 ₅ , in the vicinity of one of its walls, and protrudes from the latter to be integrated into the plate 3 ₁ . The rack ₃₁₆ is located in the opposite part of the housing ₃₅ and protrudes from the latter to be integrated into the plate ₃₂ . The housing ₃₅ of course comprises the openings necessary for the passage of the rod connecting the button ₃₄ to the toothed wheel ₃₁₄ and the racks ₃₁₅ and ₃₁₆ .

In use, in the example shown, when the knob ₃₄ is turned clockwise, the toothed wheel 314 drives the racks ₃₁₅ and ₃₁₆ towards the inside of the housing ₃₅ allowing the _{plates 31} and 32 from each other. Of course, when the button ₃₄ is turned counter-clockwise, the plates ₃₁ and _{32 will} move away from each other.

The toothed wheel and the racks can be made of metal or a plastic material such as PVC.

We will now describe in more detail the detachment members of the filling blocks with reference to the Figures 12 to 19 .

The Figures 12 and 13, and 14 and 15 , represent two embodiments of a detachment member. In these embodiments, the detachment member makes it possible to detach the block 1 relative to a vertical wall of the wall M which has just been formed.

In the first embodiment, the separation member consists of a rod 20 and a jack 22 which are located in a cavity 21 formed in the frame 10 of the block 1. The rod 20 has a first end 20a which comes flush with the outer surface of block 1, and when the dummy is in place, comes into contact with the wall M.

The rod 20 has a second end 20b on which the piston 23 of the cylinder 22 will come into contact in order to exert pressure on the rod 20.

The cavity 21 has a first part 21a for guiding the sliding which is intended to guide the rod 20 in translation and a second part 21b for housing the cylinder 22 and for maneuvering the rod 20.

In use, the cylinder 22 is contained in the part 21b of the cavity 21, the base of the cylinder 22 opposite the side from which the piston 23 can protrude coming into abutment against the bottom 21d of the cavity 21.

In the vicinity of its second end 20b, the rod 20 has a flange 20c. This flange 20c can come into abutment against the edge 21c of the cavity 21 which is in the vicinity of the part 21a of the latter, at the end of the translational stroke. The cooperation between the flange 20c and the edge 21c of the cavity 21 also makes it possible to prevent the rod 20 from leaving the cavity 21.

When one wishes to remove the filling block without damaging it, it is necessary to overcome the force of adhesion of the concrete of the wall M which is in contact with the block 1. One then comes to place the jack 22, which is a hydraulic jack, into the cavity 21b through the opening 16 which is provided in the block 1.

The cylinder 22 is actuated, for example using a hand pump, the piston 23 then protrudes and comes into contact against the second end 20b of the rod 20.

As the first end 20a of the rod 20 is in contact with the concrete of the wall M which is hardened, this end 20a cannot go further into the wall. The force exerted by the piston 23 on the second end of the rod 20b, the first end 20a of the latter being blocked, will therefore cause the displacement of the entire block 1 which will move away from the surface of the wall M.

The Picture 15 and 16 represent an alternative embodiment of the detachment member described with respect to the Figures 12 and 13 .

In this variant, the rod used is identical to that of the first variant, the difference between the two variants lies in the rod displacement control means.

In this second embodiment, the cylinder and piston device is replaced by an eccentric mechanism. The eccentric mechanism comprises an ovoid cam 24 and a follower 25. The follower 25 is in contact with the outer surface of the cam 24 and with the second end 20b of the rod 20. The cam 24 has an adjustment knob 26 which can be have access through opening 16 of block 1.

When the block is installed in the formwork dummy, the cam 24 is in a first position shown in Picture 14 , so that the first end 20a of the rod 20 is flush with the surface of the block and in contact with the wall M. To take off the block 1, the cam 24 is passed into a second position using the adjustment knob 26, the cam 24 coming into contact with the follower 25 at the level of the outer surface which corresponds to the greater radius of the cam 24, as shown in the Picture 15 . The follower 25 therefore exerts pressure against the second end 20b of the rod 20, and as the first end 20a of the rod 20 is blocked against the wall M, this causes the movement of the block 1 as a whole which will move away from the wall m.

The Figures 16 and 17 , and 18 and 19 , represent two embodiments of a detachment member. In these embodiments, the detachment member makes it possible to detach the block 1 with respect to an angle of the wall M which has just been formed.

In the first embodiment, the separation member consists of a rod 30 and a jack 32 which are located in a cavity 31 formed in one of the corners of the frame 10 of the block 1. The rod 30 has a first end 30a which comes flush with the outer surface of the block 1, and when the dummy is in place, comes into contact with the wall M. The first end 30a is in the shape of an arrow, a first face 30a1 of said end coming , in the example shown, in contact with the vertical wall of the wall M, the second face 30a2 coming into contact with the horizontal wall of the wall M.

The rod 30 has a second end 30b on which the piston 33 of the cylinder 32 will come into contact in order to exert pressure on the rod 30.

The cavity 31 has a first part 31a for guiding the sliding which is intended to guide the rod 30 in translation and a second housing part 31b of cylinder 32. At its end coming into contact with the wall, the cavity is flared so that its shape corresponds to the arrow shape of the first end 30a of rod 30.

In use, the cylinder 32 is contained in the part 31b of the cavity 31, the base of the cylinder 32 opposite the side from which the piston 33 can protrude coming into abutment against the bottom 31d of the cavity 31.

In the vicinity of its second end 30b, the rod 30 has a flange 30c. This collar 30c can come into abutment against the edge 31c of the cavity 31 which are in the vicinity of the part 31a of the latter, at the end of the translational stroke. The cooperation between the collar 30c and the edge 31c of the cavity 31 also makes it possible to prevent the rod 30 from leaving the cavity 31.

In order to take off the filling block from the wall M, the cylinder 32 is placed in the cavity 31 through the opening 15 of the block 1. The cylinder 32 is a hydraulic cylinder and is actuated, for example using a hand pump, so that the piston 33 comes into contact against the second end 30b of the rod 30. In the same way as for the separation members located on the sides of the filling block, the first end 30a of the rod 30 is blocked against the walls of the wall M, the pressure exerted by the piston 33 on the second end 30b of the rod 30 will cause the whole of the block 1 to move away from the wall M thus allowing it to take off.

The Figures 18 and 19 represent an alternative embodiment of the detachment member described with respect to the Figures 16 and 17 .

In this variant, the rod used is identical to that of the first variant, the difference between the two variants lies in the rod displacement control means.

In this second embodiment, the cylinder is replaced by an eccentric mechanism. The eccentric mechanism includes an ovoid cam 34 and a follower 35. The follower 35 contacts the outer surface of the cam 34 and the second end 30b of the rod 30. The cam 34 has an adjustment knob 36 which can be accessed through opening 15 of block 1.

When block 1 is installed in the formwork dummy, cam 34 is in a first position shown in Picture 18 , so that the first end 30a of the rod 30 is flush with the surface of the block and in contact with the wall M. To take off the block 1, the cam 34 is passed into a second position using the adjustment knob 36, the cam 34 coming into contact with the follower 35 at the level of the outer surface which corresponds to the greater radius of the cam 34, as shown in the Picture 19 . The follower 35 therefore exerts pressure against the second end 30b of the rod 30, and as the first end 30a of the rod 30 is blocked against the wall M, this causes the movement of the block 1 as a whole which will move away from the wall m.

In another embodiment, not shown, the rod displacement control means may be a lever arm accessible from outside the block and allowing the rod to be pushed to cause the block to come off.

We will now describe in more detail the fishplates which make it possible to properly align two adjacent filling blocks with reference to the Figures 20 and 21 .

When constructing the formwork dummy using the elements of the kit according to the present invention, two filler blocks may be directly adjacent to each other as shown in the figure. Picture 21 .

The splint 40 is in the form of a U with a large base 40a which has two legs 41a and 41b at its two distal ends. A handling orifice 42 is made in the splint 40 in order to facilitate the withdrawal of the latter from its mounting position.

When two blocks 1 are adjacent with the indentations 14 also adjacent, it is possible to place inside the indentation 14 of the first block the tab 41a of the splice 40 and the tab 41b in the corresponding indentation 14 of the filling block adjacent.

The surface of the splint 40 comes flush with each surface of the two adjacent filler blocks. By doing so, we do not form extra thickness which would cause problems during the formation of the dummy which must come into close contact against the formwork.

Once the filler blocks are properly aligned with each other, the self-centering splint(s) can be left in the dummy or removed.

We will now describe an example of assembly of a formwork dummy using the elements of the kit according to the present invention with reference to the Figures 22 to 24 .

In the case of the Picture 22 , a formwork dummy is formed to create a recess for a door.

In order to be able to reuse the filling blocks of the kit according to the invention, it is necessary to be able to remove the formwork dummy once the wall has been cast without damaging said blocks.

To be able to remove the blocks, it is necessary to create “free spaces” in the dummy in order to have the degrees of freedom necessary to be able to move said blocks.

First, a first assembly E1 is formed consisting of a filling block 1 on the floor S and it is held on the formwork by means of the magnets provided in the block. A second set E2 is then formed consisting of a filling block 1 by placing the block above the first set so that the upper horizontal border of the second set E2 is placed at the desired height to form the reservation and that its outer vertical edge which will come into contact with the wall M either in the extension of the outer vertical edge of the first set E1.

A free space is left between the first and second sets E1 and E2 thus formed and in order to maintain the spacing between the sets E1 and E2, two formwork/stripping keys 3 are placed in said free space and the spacing between the plates ₃₁ and ₃₂ of each key 3 so that the plates come into contact with the respective surface of each block constituting the first and second sets E1 and E2.

The keys 3 are arranged in such a way that one can come and place a plate P in the extension of the external vertical borders of the first set E1 and the second set E2. This plate P is a plastic plate, such as PVC or polypropylene, and is cut to size to match the spacing between the first set E1 and the second set E2. By doing so, the outer edge of the sets E1 and E2 is completed and this makes it possible to prevent the infiltration of concrete into the empty space located between the plates of the formwork/stripping keys placed between the sets E1 and E2.

Then we just create a third set E3 consisting of a block 2 and a fourth set E4 consisting of a block 2 in a manner similar to that used to place the first and second sets E1 and E2. The third and fourth sets E3 and E4 will be placed such that there is a free space between the first set E1 and the third set E3 and between the second set E2 and the fourth set E4.

We then place three formwork/stripping keys in the free space between the first set E1 and the third set E3 and in the free space between the second set E2 and the fourth set E4.

The formwork/stripping keys placed between the second set E2 and the fourth set E4 are arranged in such a way that one can place a plate P whose outer face will come in the extension of the upper horizontal border of the second set E2 and of the fourth set E4. The purpose of this plate P is to prevent the infiltration of concrete between the plates of the formwork/stripping keys between the second and fourth sets.

In the case of a reservation for a door, it is not necessary to place a plate P between the first and third assemblies in contact with the ground because there is of course no risk of infiltration at this level. the.

In the case of a reservation for a window, as shown in Figures 23 and 24 , one can proceed in the same way as for the formation of a dummy for a door. However, in the case of a reservation for a window, it will also be necessary to place a plate P between the first and third sets E1 and E3 in order to prevent infiltration of concrete from the bottom of the dummy.

In the examples shown, each set consists of a single filling block, but it is obvious that it is possible to form each set using several filling blocks.

The concrete is then poured between formwork B ₁ and B ₂ in order to form the wall.

To dismantle the elements of the dummy once the concrete of the wall has hardened and the forms B ₁ and B ₂ have been removed, one begins by removing all the keys 3 present by reducing the distance between the plates 3 ₁ and 3 ₂ keys 3 and the plates P are removed. By doing so, two degrees of freedom are created for each of the sets E1, E2, E3 and E4. For example, set E2 now has horizontal free space below it and vertical free space to its right when looking at the Picture 22 or the Picture 23 .

In the case of block 1 of set E2, once the keys have been removed, the dismantling bodies built into the block are used to move the block both down and to the right to unstick block 1 from the side wall and the upper wall of the wall M with which the block 1 was in contact. By proceeding in this way, the block 1 is removed from the inside of the reservation without creating any damage to the block or to the wall.

Once the filler block is detached, it is recovered and can be reused to build another formwork dummy.

We now refer to Figures 25 and 26 . If in the construction industry the thickness of the walls is standard, sometimes it is necessary to form thicker walls. In this case, in order to increase the thickness of the reservation formed, the extra thickness _blocks 41 and 42 will be used.

We begin by forming a first set E1 as for a mannequin for a wall of conventional thickness. To add thickness to the reservation, a first extra thickness block 4 ₁ is fixed on one of the end faces of block 1, along its lower horizontal edge. Then we place on the same front face of block 1, along its outer vertical edge which will come into contact against the wall M, a second block of extra thickness 42.

The extra thickness blocks 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ are placed in such a way that the entire edge of the assembly on which said extra thickness blocks are fixed and which will come into contact either with the ground or with the walls of the wall has a greater thickness. than the rest of the set.

Each set will thus have a greater thickness at the level of the border which will come into contact with the ground and/or the walls of the wall and the plates P which close off the spacing between the sets will be cut on demand accordingly.

We now refer to Figures 27 to 29 on which there is shown another embodiment of the filling blocks of the kit of the present invention.

On the Picture 27 , there is shown another embodiment of a large-width filling block 101.

In the same way as block 1, block 101 is a block of parallelepiped shape 110 made of a plastic material, for example polypropylene optionally loaded with glass fibers.

Unlike block 1 which is a solid block, block 101 has a plurality of openings 103. These openings are formed between a set of crosspieces 108 and a central upright 109 which respectively connect the longitudinal edges 104 and 105 and the upper 106 and lower 107 edges of block 101. The crosspieces and the upright can be hollow with a foam possibly introduced into the hollow parts.

Two handles 112 are arranged between the crosspieces 107 of the openings 102 are in the middle part of the block 101.

As for block 1, a plurality of indentations 114 are formed along the edges of block 101 in order to be able to insert connection splints to fix a filler block 101 to another adjacent block.

As for block 1, block 101 has a plurality of openings 116 which will make it possible to act on the detachment members located on the sides of block 101. In order to allow the proper functioning of the detachment member located in the corner of block 101, a plate 115 will be placed in one of the openings 103 located in one of the corners of block 101. will then be able to access the mechanism of the detachment member through the opening 103 itself.

This block 101 is lighter than block 1 which allows greater ease of handling. In addition, the openings 103 of the block 101 make it possible to pass rods which connect together the formwork panels B1 and B2 of the formwork used to form the wall without having to drill said block as would be the case for blocks 1 and 2.

On the Picture 28 , there is shown a block 102 of smaller width than the block 101. This block 102 does not have a central upright 109 but all the other elements of the block 101 are found on this block 102 and retain the same reference numbers.

If we refer to the Figures 30 and 31 , it can be seen that a dummy 200 has been represented made from four filling blocks, namely two upper blocks 201a and 201b and two lower blocks 202a and 202b, when looking at the dummy 200 in its position of 'use.

Each of the blocks is placed in a respective corner zone of a reservation for a window which it is desired to form in a wall.

The filling blocks 201a and 201b are parallelepipedal blocks and each comprise an outer frame 203 and are filled by a structure 204 in cells or honeycomb and opening on each large face of the block.

In the filling 204 of the blocks 201a and 201b, there are two square openings 205 and 206 arranged one above the other and formed by a frame 205a and 206a respectively. These openings are used in particular for placing magnets inside them.

If we refer to the Picture 36 , it can be seen that there may also be provided in the filling of the blocks 201a and 201b, openings 207 and 208 of oval section located respectively in the vicinity of each of the upper and lower transverse edges when looking at the block in its placed position. place in the formwork and formed by a frame 207a and 208a respectively. The openings 207 and 208 open out on each large face of the block and receive inside them handles 207b and 208b respectively which are fixed by their ends to the walls of the frame 207a and 208a respectively.

The user will be able to manipulate the block using the handles 207b and 208b to facilitate its movement and its positioning to constitute the formwork dummy.

Filler blocks 202a and 202b differ from filler blocks 201a and 201b only in the length of the blocks, filler blocks 202a and 202b having only one opening 205 for magnet placement and only one opening 207 for the placement of a handle 207b.

Filling blocks 201a to 202b are typically made of polypropylene optionally filled with glass fibers.

In one of the corners of each of the blocks, it is possible to place a separation member such as those described above.

In the inner side faces as well as the lower transverse faces of the upper blocks 201a and 201b and the upper transverse faces of the lower blocks 202a and 202b if we look at the formwork dummy 201 in its installation position, are practiced in the vicinity of their edges of the recessed parts 209 of square shape, the role of which will be indicated below in relation to the Picture 34 .

Along the outer edges of the blocks and on the large face thereof, a groove 210 is formed, the role of which is indicated in relation to the Picture 35 . In order to ensure the tightness and to increase the thickness of the block in the case of the formation of a concrete wall of greater thickness, an extra thickness strip is placed in the groove 210.

The extra thickness strip 211 will be placed on the longitudinal edge of the large faces of the upper blocks 201a and 201b and the extra thickness strip 212 will be placed on the transverse edge of the large faces of the upper blocks 201a and 201b and on the two outer edges of the lower blocks 202a and 202b.

Each strip of additional thickness comprises a strip 213 which will come into contact against the formwork panel in its position of installation in the formwork. Band 213 bears on its side opposite to the coming side against the formwork formwork a tab 214 capable of being inserted into the groove 210 of the blocks.

By doing so, the thickness of the blocks can be increased by placing an extra thickness strip on the longitudinal and transverse edges of a block on one large face or on the two large opposite faces in order to further increase the thickness, which creates a dummy for even greater wall thickness.

Blocks 201a and 201b are separated by two shuttering/stripping keys. The upper block and the lower block above which it is located can be separated by one or two stripping keys as shown in Picture 30 or in Picture 36 . In the same way, the lower blocks can be separated by one or two formwork/stripping keys as shown in Picture 30 or in Picture 36 .

The formwork/dismantling keys can be those described above in relation to the Figures 9 to 11 or those that will be described in relation to the Figures 32 and 33 .

If we refer to these figures, we can see that a formwork/stripping key 215 has been shown. This formwork/stripping key 215 comprises a first part 216 called the pivot foot, a second part 217 called the screw foot , and a third part 218 called the adjustment part.

The pivot foot 216 comprises a square plate 219 able to be received in the recessed parts 209 of the filling blocks. On its face opposite to that intended to be received in the recessed parts 209, the plate 219 comprises, in its center, a hollow cylindrical rod 220 having an internal cavity 221 and whose role will be specified below.

The screw foot 217 comprises a square plate 222 adapted to be received in the recessed parts 209 of the filling blocks. On its face opposite to that intended to be received in the recessed parts 209, the plate 222 comprises, in its center, a threaded cylindrical rod 223, the role of which will be specified below.

The third piece 218 is a hollow substantially cylindrical piece having a larger diameter at its central part and tapering towards its free ends.

The third part 218 comprises a threaded bore 224 whose threading is able to cooperate with the threading of the threaded rod 223 of the screw foot 217, and also comprises an internal cylindrical cavity 225 of larger diameter than the threaded bore 224 and which is able to receive the cylindrical rod 220 of the pivot foot 216.

The threaded bore 224 goes from the free end of the third part 218 to its central part at the level of which it opens onto the cavity 225. The cavity 225 comprises a bottom 226 and opens at the end of the third part 218.

In use, the third part 218 is screwed onto the threaded rod 223 of the screw foot 217 so that the end of the third part comes into abutment against the plate 222. The threaded rod 223 is then inserted into the internal cavity 221 of the rod 220 of the pivot foot 216. The adjustment part 218 is then "unscrewed" so that the bottom 226 of its internal cavity 225 comes into contact against the free end of the rod 220 of the pivot foot 216. Continuing the unscrewing movement, the adjustment piece will push back the pivot foot 216 until the two plates 219 and 222 are received in each recessed part 209 of the two respective blocks, the spacing of which is maintained by the shuttering/stripping key 215.

In order to complete the formwork dummy, the free spaces between the various blocks along the outer periphery of the dummy are closed by closure plates 227. These closure plates come to rest against the corresponding edge of the plates 219 and 222 of the formwork/stripping 215, as shown in the Picture 34 .

The closure plates 227 include a hooking member 228. The hooking member 228 makes it possible to hook an elastic link which can be placed in order to hold the plate 227 in place. For example, a first end of the elastic tie can be hooked to the fixing member 228 and then the second end of the tie is passed behind the third part 218 of the corresponding formwork/stripping key 215 then the second end of the elastic tie is brought back to the hooking member 228 and is hooked there.

In the same way as the filler blocks, the plates can have grooves on their side edges that do not come into contact with the blocks that can accommodate extra thickness strips in order to increase the thickness of the plates to the thickness corresponding to that blocks.

We now refer to Figures 38 to 40 . In these figures, there is shown a hooking member 229. This hooking member 229 is arranged on the outer side of the frame 205a of the opening 205, in the vicinity of one of its corners on a face of the frame d opening 205a parallel to the longitudinal edges of the filler block.

The end 230 of the attachment member 229 comes flush with the opening frame 205a on one of the large faces of the filling block, and is folded squarely twice, a first time opposite the opening 205 then a second time towards the center of the filler block to form a hook part 231.

Each opening has four hooking members 229. The hooking members 229 are placed on the faces of the opening frame parallel to the longitudinal edges of the filler block, the end 230 carrying the hook part 231 being arranged alternately on the either of the large faces of the filler block, so that the hook portions 231 on two opposite faces are diametrically opposed to each other.

In use, when the filler block is placed on a metal formwork and a magnet is positioned in the opening of the filler block, an elastic link can be placed which will be placed between the two hook parts 231 present on the same large face of the filling block and which will also be attached to the magnet present in the corresponding opening of the filling block. By doing so, this makes it possible to ensure better stability of the filling block on the formwork, in particular during its installation.

We will now describe the installation of the formwork dummy according to the embodiment presented in Picture 30 in connection with the Figures 41 to 45 . The blocks, formwork/stripping keys and closing plates have been represented schematically on the Figures 41 to 45 .

In a first step, we just draw on the formwork B, on which we will come to set up the dummy, the contour C of the reservation that we want to make.

In this example, form B rests on ground S and is a metal form.

In a second step, a magnet M1 and a magnet M2 are positioned under the lower horizontal line of the contour C and in the vicinity of each of the lower angles. A magnet M3 and a magnet M4 are also positioned along each vertical line and in the vicinity of the lower angle.

Magnets M1 to M4 comprise a magnetic base and an outwardly angled return RE opposite the magnetic base. The magnets M1 to M4 are placed on the formwork in such a way that the right angles RE are located at the level of the respective part of the contour C.

The magnets M1 to M4 serve as supports for the first blocks BL1 and BL2 which are placed in the lower corners of the contour C as shown in the Picture 38 .

Block BL1 is placed in the lower left corner and is supported by magnets M1 and M3 and block BL2 in the lower right corner and supported by magnets M2 and M4. The external faces of the blocks BL1 and BL2 support against the right angles RE of each of the magnets M1 to M4.

Once the blocks BL1 and BL2 are in place, a magnet identical to the magnets M1 to M4 can be placed in the through openings O, the square return of the magnets coming into contact against the upper wall of the opening frame when the blocks are seen in their installation positions on the formwork.

Then in a next step, shown in Picture 39 , the formwork/stripping keys C1 and C2 are placed in the space between the blocks BL1 and BL2 and the spacing is adjusted between the plates of the formwork/stripping keys C1 and C2 in order to maintain the space between blocks BL1 and BL2. The closure plate P1 is also placed in the extension of the outer edges of the blocks BL1 and BL2 and the plate P1 is hooked to the formwork/stripping key C1 in order to prevent it from falling.

Then we place on block BL1 the formwork/stripping keys C3 and C4 which will be used to maintain the space between block BL1 and the block directly above. The formwork/stripping keys C5 and C6 are placed in the same way on the block BL2.

Then in a following step, shown in Picture 40 , we position the block BL3 on the formwork/stripping keys C3 and C4 above the block BL1 and the block BL4 on the formwork/stripping keys C5 and C6 above the block BL2.

Then the spacing between the plates of the formwork/stripping keys is adjusted so that the space between the blocks BL1 and BL3 and the blocks BL2 and BL4 is the desired space and so that the outer edges of the blocks BL3 and BL4 correspond to the lines of the contour C. Once the blocks BL3 and BL4 are in position, magnets M are placed in the openings O of the blocks BL3 and BL4.

We then place the closing plate P2 between the blocks BL1 and BL3 and the closing plate P3 between the blocks BL2 and BL4.

Then in a last step, we place the formwork/stripping keys C7 and C8 between the blocks BL3 and BL4, and the spacing of the plates of the formwork keys is adjusted to the space between the blocks BL3 and BL4. We then place the closing plate P4 between the blocks BL3 and BL4 and which comes to rest against the plates of the formwork/stripping key C8.

The magnets M1 to M4 can then be removed, the formwork dummy is then placed on form B. The other form is then placed to form the formwork and the concrete is poured.

In this example, the filling blocks BI1, BL2, BL3 and BL4 constitute the corner sets E1, E2, E3 and E4 respectively. Of course, the corner assemblies could be made up of several blocks and would be placed on the formwork in the same way.

All of these operations for positioning the formwork dummy on the formwork panel can be carried out by a single operator and without difficulty.

Once the concrete has hardened, the formwork that does not carry the magnets placed in the blocks of the formwork dummy is removed.

Formwork/stripping keys C1 to C8 are removed by reducing the distance between the plates of the latter. Plates P1 to P4 are then removed by any means, by destroying them if necessary.

By doing so, each block BL1 to BL4 has two degrees of freedom in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction towards the inside of the formwork dummy to allow their withdrawal from the reservation formed in the concrete wall.

If necessary, to facilitate the removal of the blocks BL1 to BL4, the detachment members present in the blocks are used in order to push the latter away from the walls of the wall which has just been formed.

Claims (14)

1. - Formwork dummy as a kit for forming, on a formwork face, the blockout of an opening in a wall formed from a setting material, said blockout having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, wherein the dummy includes:

   - four filling assemblies (E1; E2; E3; E4), referred to as corner assemblies, each capable of being placed in a zone corresponding to a corner of the blockout, and in such relative positions that their outer envelope corresponds to said blockout and that there are provided, in this arrangement, a space separating facing vertical faces of the corner assemblies and a space separating facing horizontal faces of the corner assemblies, a corner assembly (E1 ; E2; E3; E4) being formed by a single block referred to as a "filling block" or by several filling blocks placed side by side;

   - removable members (3; 215) referred to as "formworking/form stripping keys" capable of being arranged in the aforementioned spaces and of holding the corner assemblies (E1; E2; E3 ; E4) in the corners of the blockout to be formed, said members being capable of adjusting the spacing, which depends on the dimension of said blockout, of the corner assemblies facing each other in the mounted position, and also being capable of being removed when the dummy is dismantled, the removable members being capable of holding the corner assemblies (E1; E2E2; E3; E4) in the corners of the blockout to be formed by applying, to the block or blocks of the corner assemblies, a force directed towards the periphery of the formwork dummy,

   - a set of closing plates (P) capable of closing the ends of the aforementioned spaces in the mounted position to constitute, with the outer walls of the corner assemblies, the periphery of the dummy to be formed,

   characterised in that:
   each formworking/form stripping key includes two plates intended to be applied to the respective walls of two assemblies facing each other in the mounted position of the dummy, the two plates being connected by a mechanism for adjusting their spacing, wherein said adjustment mechanism may consist of:

   - two threaded rods each mounted in a threaded hole provided in a respective plate, the threaded rods being in line with each other, perpendicular to the plates, each carrying a bevel gear at its opposite end relative to the plate, the two bevel gears cooperating with a third gear connected to a drive for moving the plates towards or away from each other; or

   - racks carried by the respective plates, the racks being arranged perpendicular to the plates and cooperating with a central toothed wheel carrying a drive for moving the plates towards or away from each other; or

   - a threaded rod carried by one of the plates, a hollow cylindrical tube without internal thread carried by the other plate and receiving said threaded rod, and an adjustment member formed by a hollow body including an axial bore with a first threaded part cooperating with said threaded rod and a second non-threaded part of larger diameter and capable of receiving said cylindrical tube, the adjustment being carried out by manual pivoting said hollow body.
2. - The formwork dummy according to claim 1, characterised in that the filling blocks (1; 2) are parallelepiped and are in particular:

   - solid blocks, which may be formed by an outer envelope (10) filled with foam (11); or

   - hollow blocks; or

   - perforated blocks internally provided with at least one upright and at least one crosspiece, which may themselves be hollow or filled with foam; or

   - blocks whose internal filling consists of a honeycomb structure (204) whose cells open out on the two main faces facing each other.
3. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a filling block (1; 2) includes a handle (12) formed in hollow on at least one of its front faces in the mounted position, on which a shuttering panel is intended to be applied for pouring the setting material, or formed by a bar passing through a cavity provided in the block on at least one of its front faces in the mounted position, wherein said cavity may be a through cavity in order to receive a single bar allowing a block to be handled from one face or another.
4. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a filling block includes at least one blockout for positioning a magnet on at least one of its front faces in the mounted position, on which a shuttering panel is intended to be applied for pouring the setting material, said shuttering panel being a metal shuttering panel and the magnet(s) being intended to cooperate with the latter, wherein the one or more blockouts may be through blockouts.
5. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that, along at least one vertical edge and/or at least one horizontal edge in the mounted position of the dummy, a filling block includes at least one notch (14) for receiving a part (41a) of a fishplate (40) for automatically centering said filling block (1; 2) relative to an adjacent filling block (1; 2) in the mounted position, said adjacent filling block having a notch (14) for receiving the other part (41b) of the fishplate (40), which, in the mounted position, comes to lie in the notches (14) without protruding from the corresponding faces of the two blocks which then come to lie in the extension of each other.
6. - The formwork dummy according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that several formworking/form stripping keys are capable of being arranged next to each other in a space between two facing assemblies, wherein two adjacent plates belonging to two adjacent formworking/form stripping keys can be connected by a flexible link.
7. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it also includes a set of blocks or strips referred to as "added thickness and sealing blocks" (4₁; 4₂) or "added thickness and sealing strips" (211; 212) capable of being applied against a filling block (1 ; 2) or at least on the outer edges of a corner assembly to complete the filling according to the thickness of the wall and to ensure watertightness, said added thickness and sealing blocks or strips being able to be inserted, by a peripheral protrusion of said block or strip, in a corresponding groove of the filling block in question.
8. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it also includes at least one member integrated into a filling block arranged in a corner or on a side of the formwork dummy and capable of being controlled, once the setting material has been put in place and said formworking/form stripping keys have been removed, to cause, as the case may be, a thrusting element to emerge, in a corner or laterally, on the adjacent walls of the material which has been set, in order to ensure the detachment of said filling block.
9. - The formwork dummy according to claim 8, characterised in that a member integrated into a filling block (1; 2) to ensure the detachment of said block (1; 2) from the wall of setting material once setting has been carried out consists of a translating element (20; 30) housed in a cavity (21; 31) formed in said block (1; 2) and opening into a part of the outer surface of said block, said element (20; 30) being able to switch, under the action of a drive accessible from a front face of said block, from a position in which it closes said cavity and is flush with said outer surface part to a position in which it protrudes from said block (1; 2), wherein the translating element (20; 30) may consist of a rod (20; 30) one end (20a; 30a) of which is configured to be flush with the outer surface part of the filling block (1; 2), the drive being mounted to translate the rod (20; 30) by a push applied to said other end, the cavity (21; 31) formed in said block having, from the outer surface into which said rod emerges, a part (21a; 31a) for guiding the sliding of the latter, and then a part (21b; 31b) for housing said drive and displacing the latter, wherein the drive may be:

   - an actuating cylinder (22) with a piston (23), which is introduced into the cavity (21), said actuating cylinder being removable, in particular so that it can be used to control all the detachment members of a dummy; or

   - an eccentric drive (24, 25); or

   - a lever arm, accessible from outside, capable of pushing the movable element to detach the filling block.
10. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterised in that the rod (20; 30) has, in its part adjacent to the drive, a protrusion, such as a collar (20c; 30c), capable of abutting against a wall of the cavity (21b; 31b) at the end of the translation to prevent the rod (20; 30) from leaving the cavity (21; 31).
11. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the rod (20) is mounted so as to be perpendicular to a horizontal or vertical side wall when it is intended to open into said side wall, respectively horizontal or vertical, the corresponding end wall of said rod being perpendicular to the mean line thereof.
12. - The formwork dummy according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the rod (30) is mounted to be arranged at an angle of 45° to open into a corner, preferably an upper corner of the filling block, the corresponding end wall of said rod (30) having an enlarged portion with two walls intended to be flush with one side wall of said block and with the adjacent side wall of said block at 90° to the previous one, a flare in the cavity (31) housing the rod (30) being correspondingly provided in said filling block (1 ; 2) for receiving said enlarged portion.
13. - The formwork dummy according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the kit includes a set of filling blocks with variable dimensions enabling the formwork dummy to be assembled on site, in particular:

    - filling blocks (1) referred to as of greater width;

    - filling blocks (2) referred to as of smaller width;

    - filling blocks referred to as of intermediate width.
14. - A method of mounting a formwork dummy according to one of claims 1 to 13 on a formworking face/shuttering panel, characterised in that it includes the following steps:

    - marking the outline of the blockout to be created on the shuttering panel, for example by tracing it on the shuttering panel;

    - positioning the first corner assembly in one of the lower corner areas of the blockout, when the blockout is seen in its position in the wall, in such a way that the outer edges of the first corner assembly correspond with the periphery of the blockout, if need be by supporting the first corner assembly, for example on a magnetic device positioned on a metal shuttering panel, and fixing the first corner assembly to the shuttering panel, for example using a magnet;

    - positioning the second corner assembly in the second lower corner area of the blockout, in such a way that the outer edges of the second corner assembly correspond to the periphery of the blockout, if need be by supporting the second corner assembly, for example on a magnetic device positioned on a metal shuttering panel, and fixing the second corner assembly to the shuttering panel, for example using a magnet;

    - positioning at least one removable member, referred to as a formworking/form stripping key, between the first and second corner assemblies, and adjusting the one or more removable members in order to maintain the spacing between said first and second corner assemblies;

    - positioning at least one formworking/form stripping key on the upper free face, perpendicular to the shuttering panel, of each of the first and second corner assemblies;

    - positioning the third corner assembly on the at least one formworking/form stripping key positioned on the first corner assembly and positioning the fourth corner assembly on the at least one formworking/form stripping key positioned on the second corner assembly;

    - adjusting the spacing between the first and third corner assemblies using the at least one formworking/form stripping key positioned between said first and third corner assemblies so that the third corner assembly is in the first upper corner zone of the blockout and that the outer edges of the third corner assembly correspond with the periphery of the blockout, and fixing the third corner assembly to the shuttering panel, for example using a magnet;

    - adjusting the spacing between the second and fourth corner assemblies using the at least one formworking/form stripping key positioned between said second and fourth corner assemblies so that the fourth corner assembly is in the second upper corner zone of the blockout and that the outer edges of the fourth corner assembly correspond with the periphery of the blockout, and fixing the fourth corner assembly to the shuttering panel, for example using a magnet;

    - positioning at least one formworking/form stripping key between the third and fourth corner assemblies and adjusting the one or more formworking/form stripping key in order to maintain the spacing between said third and fourth corner assemblies;

    - positioning the closing plates between the first and second corner assemblies, the first and third corner assemblies, the second and fourth corner assemblies, and the third and fourth corner assemblies;

    - if need be, removing the one or more support devices used to support the first and second corner assemblies.

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