FR3083252A1 - FORMWORK MANNEQUIN KIT - Google Patents

Abstract

This kit makes it possible to form opening reservations in a wall formed from a setting material, the reservations each having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. It includes: - a set of blocks (1; 2), called “filling blocks”, the filling blocks having variable dimensions making it possible to compose at least one mannequin by placing blocks in four corner zones of the reservation at form with at least one block per corner area to form four corner sets (E1; E2; E3; E4), a space separating the vertical faces opposite the corner sets and a space separating the horizontal faces opposite corner sets; - A set of removable members (3) called “formwork / formwork keys” able to be arranged in the aforementioned spaces and to maintain the corner assemblies in the corners of the reservation to be formed; and - a set of closing plates (P) capable of closing the ends of the aforementioned spaces in the mounting position of the mannequin which it is desired to form, at least one detachment member for a filling block being integrated in the latter.

Description

Description

Title of the invention: KIT FOR PRODUCING FORMWORK MANNEQUINS The present invention relates to a kit for producing formwork mannequins with a view to forming openings reservations in a concrete wall, sometimes referred to more generally in the following as a setting material.

Currently, concrete walls are formed by pouring liquid concrete into a formwork formed by two vertical supports facing each other, called formwork.

To allow reservations to be formed, that is to say cavities in the wall which is formed and which will receive various elements once the wall has been formed, negatives, called mannequins, are used which are placed between the two formwork before pouring concrete.

These mannequins are attached to the forms by any suitable means, for example by screwing, nailing, if the forms are made of wood, or by welding or by means of magnets if the forms are metal.

Today, the models are custom built for each reservation that must be made in the wall.

Once the concrete has hardened, comes the formwork stage during which the formwork is removed as well as the mannequins. To remove the dummies, due to the strong adhesion of the latter to the concrete, it is often necessary to strike the dummies using tools, such as for example, a mass, to remove them from the reserve, which is not without damage for the models.

This step, in addition to damaging the mannequins, which therefore cannot always be reused, involves inevitable damage to the wall, in particular on the edges of the reservation, creating spalling at the edges.

These models therefore pose several problems in the sense that they must be custom-made for each reservation to be made in the wall and that they are not always reusable insofar as they are damaged during formwork removal, which damages in plus the wall that has just been completed.

In order to solve these problems, the applicant company has developed a kit for the production of a formwork dummy. This kit will make reservations of different sizes and the elements of the kit forming the reservation can be easily removed during the formwork removal operation without having to resort to tools leading to their destruction. Thus, it will be possible to remove the mannequin without damaging the wall and to reuse the elements of the kit in order to form a new mannequin.

The present invention therefore firstly relates to a kit for making formwork dummies for the formation of opening reservations in a wall formed from a setting material, said reservations each having the form a rectangular parallelepiped, characterized in that it comprises:

- a set of blocks, called “filling blocks”, the filling blocks having variable dimensions making it possible to compose at least one mannequin by placing blocks in four corner zones of the reservation which it is desired to form with at least one block per corner area to form four sets of corners capable of being arranged in relative positions such that their outer envelope corresponds to said reservation and that there is provided, in this arrangement, a space separating the vertical faces opposite corner assemblies and a space separating the horizontal faces opposite the corner assemblies;

a set of removable members, known as “shuttering / stripping keys”, capable of being arranged in the aforementioned spaces and of maintaining the corner assemblies in the corners of the reservation to be formed, said members being capable of adjusting the spacing, which is a function of the dimension of said reservation, of the opposite corner assemblies in the mounting position, and also being able to be removed during the dismantling of the mannequin; and

- A set of closing plates capable of closing the ends of the aforementioned spaces in the mounting position to constitute, with the external walls of the corner assemblies, the periphery of the mannequin that one wishes to form, at least one member being integrated in a filling block arranged in a corner or on one side of the formwork dummy and capable of being controlled so that, once the setting material has been put in place and said formwork / formwork keys removed, bring out, as the case may be, in a angle or laterally, a pushing element on the adjacent walls of the material which has undergone the setting in order to ensure separation of said filling block.

The kit according to the invention advantageously comprises filling blocks of different dimensions allowing the operator to choose among them the best combination to achieve the desired dimension for the reservation.

A corner assembly can be formed from a single filling block or from several adjoining filling blocks.

In particular, the set of filler blocks may include:

- so-called larger filling blocks;

- so-called smaller filling blocks;

- so-called intermediate width filling blocks.

The filling blocks may be solid blocks, which may be formed of an outer envelope filled with a foam, or hollow blocks or perforated blocks internally comprising at least one upright and at least one cross member, which may themselves - even be hollow or filled with foam.

A filling block may include at least one handling handle formed in a hollow on at least one of its front faces in the mounting position, on which a strip is intended to come to apply for the casting of the material to outlet.

A filler block may include at least one reservation for the installation of a magnet on at least one of its front faces in the mounting position, on which a strip is intended to come to apply for the casting the setting material, said branch being a metal form and the magnet or magnets being intended to cooperate with the latter.

Along at least one vertical edge and / or at least one horizontal edge in the mannequin mounting position, a filler block may include at least one notch intended to receive part of a connecting bar of said filling block with a neighboring filling block in the mounting position, said neighboring filling block comprising a notch for receiving the other part of the splice, which comes into the mounting position to be placed in the notches without projecting from the faces corresponding of the two blocks then coming to be located in the extension of one another.

A formwork / formwork key may include two plates intended to be applied to the respective walls of two sets facing the mounting position of the dummy, the two plates being joined by a mechanism for adjusting their spacing.

According to a first variant, the adjustment mechanism consists of two threaded rods each mounted in a tapped hole made in a respective plate, the threaded rods being located in the extension of one another, perpendicular to the plates, each carrying, at its end opposite to the plate, a bevel gear, the two bevel gears cooperating with a third gear connected to a control for the approximation or spacing of the plates.

According to a second variant, the adjustment mechanism consists of racks carried by the respective plates, the racks being arranged perpendicular to the plates and cooperating with a central toothed wheel carrying a control for the approximation or spacing of the plates.

Several formwork / formwork keys may be able to be arranged side by side in a space between two facing sets, two adjacent plates belonging to two adjacent formwork / formwork keys can be connected by a flexible link.

The kit according to the invention may advantageously further include a set of blocks called "extra thickness blocks" capable of coming to be applied against a filling block or at least on the outer edges of a corner assembly for complete the filling according to the thickness if the thickness of the filling blocks is insufficient.

A member integrated into a filling block to ensure separation of said block from the wall of material to grip once the grip is made may consist of a movable element in translation housed in a cavity formed in said block and opening into part of the external surface of said block, said element being capable of passing, under the action of a control accessible from a front face of said block, from a position in which it closes said cavity and comes flush with said part of outer surface in a position in which it projects out of said block.

The movable element in translation may consist of a rod, one end of which is configured to come flush with the outer surface part of the filling block, the control being mounted to move the rod in translation by a thrust applied to said other end, the cavity formed in said block having, from the external surface into which said rod opens, a part for guiding the sliding of the latter, then a part for housing said control and for maneuvering the rod. first embodiment, the control is a piston cylinder which is introduced into the cavity, said cylinder being able to be removable in particular so that it can be used to control all the detachment members of a mannequin.

According to a second embodiment, the command is an eccentric command.

The rod may have, in its part adjacent to the control, a projection, such as a flange, capable of abutting against a wall of the cavity at the end of the translational travel to prevent the rod from leaving the cavity.

According to a first embodiment, the rod is mounted to be perpendicular to a horizontal or vertical side wall when it is intended to open into said side wall, respectively horizontal or vertical, the corresponding end wall of said rod being perpendicular to the middle line thereof.

According to a second embodiment, the rod is mounted to be arranged at an angle of 45 ° to open in a corner, preferably an upper corner of the filling block, the corresponding end wall of said rod having an enlarged part having two walls intended to come flush, one with a side wall of said block and the other with the adjacent side wall of said block at 90 ° from the previous one, a widening of the cavity housing the rod being practiced correspondingly in said filling block for the reception of said enlarged portion.

To better illustrate the object of the present invention, we will describe below, by way of non-limiting example, several particular embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.

In this drawing:

[Fig. 1] represents, in perspective and in its general form, an element of the formwork dummy kit according to the invention, called "filling block";

[Fig.2] is a view similar to Figure 1 of another element of the kit;

[Fig.3] shows a perspective view and in its general form of elements of the kit according to the invention, called "formwork / formwork keys";

[Fig.4] shows a front view and in its general form an overthickness device formed of elements of the kit according to the invention, called "blocks of overthickness", able to be applied against a block of filling;

[Fig.5] is a perspective view of one of these extra thickness blocks;

[Fig.6] is, on a larger scale, a front view of the filling block of Figure;

[Fig.7] is a sectional view along VII-VII of Figure 6;

[Fig. 8] is, on a larger scale, a sectional view of the block of Figures 1 and 6 according to VIII-VIII of Figure 6;

[Fig.9] shows, on a larger scale, a partial front view of a formwork / formwork key from Figure 3, showing a central control member;

[Fig. 10] is a sectional view along X-X of Figure 9;

[Fig. 11] is a view similar to FIG. 9 showing a central control member produced according to a variant;

[Fig. 12] shows, on an enlarged scale, a sectional view along XII-XII of a lateral part of the block of FIG. 6 incorporating a member controlled by a jack facilitating, after removal of the key, the detachment of said block from the concrete wall once formed, said member being shown in the position in which the concrete has just been placed around the mannequin;

[Fig. 13] is a view corresponding to FIG. 12 in the position in which the block has been detached from the concrete wall;

[Fig. 14] is a view corresponding to FIG. 12, showing a member facilitating, after removal of the key, the detachment of the associated block, member which is controlled, no longer by a jack but by an eccentric;

[Fig. 15] is a view corresponding to FIG. 13 in the position in which the block has been detached from the concrete wall;

[Fig. 16] shows, on an enlarged scale, a sectional view along XVI-XVI of a corner part of the block of Figure 6 incorporating a member, controlled by a jack, facilitating, after removal of the key, the detachment of said block with the concrete wall once formed, said state member shown in the position in which the concrete has just been placed around the mannequin;

[Fig. 17] is a view corresponding to FIG. 16 in the position in which the block has been detached from the concrete wall;

[Fig. 18] is a view corresponding to FIG. 16, showing a member facilitating, after removal of the key, the detachment of the associated block, member which is controlled, no longer by a jack but by an eccentric;

[Fig. 19] is a view corresponding to FIG. 17 in the position in which the block has been detached from the concrete wall;

[Fig.20] is, on a larger scale, a perspective view of a splint for joining two elements of the kit according to the invention which are arranged side by side during the formation of the formwork;

[Fig.21] is, on a smaller scale, a sectional view of the splint in a mounting position;

[Fig.22] is a schematic front view of a formwork dummy which can be produced with a kit according to the invention;

[Fig.23] is a schematic front view of another formwork dummy which can be produced with a kit according to the invention;

[Fig.24] is a partial sectional view along XXIV-XXIV of Figure 23 showing the formwork dummy placed between two hips for pouring concrete;

[Fig.25] is a view similar to Figure 23, extra thickness blocks having been placed on the filling blocks to create a reservation in a thicker wall;

[Fig.26] is a view similar to the view of Figure 24, according to XXVI-XXVI of Figure 25, showing the positioning of the extra thickness blocks to form a reservation in a thicker wall;

[Fig.27] shows in perspective and on a larger scale another embodiment of a filling block of Figure 1 of the kit according to the present invention, the filling blocks each having a plurality of cavities;

[Fig.28] is a view similar to Figure 27 of another embodiment of the filling block of Figure 2; and [fig.29] is a sectional view along XXIX-XXIX of Figure 27.

In Figures 1 and 2, there are shown elements in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, called "filling blocks", which belong to a kit for producing a formwork dummy according to the present invention.

In Figure 1, there is shown a first filling block 1, said of greater width, while in Figure 2, a filling block 2, said of smaller width, has been shown.

In a particular embodiment, the kit according to the present invention will have a plurality of filling blocks 1, a plurality of filling blocks 2 and a plurality of filling blocks called intermediate width, not shown. Fe filler block 1 will be described in more detail below with reference to Figures 6 to 8.

With these filling blocks of different width, the operator constructing a mannequin to create a reservation in a concrete wall to be poured will be able to choose the appropriate blocks in order to create the mannequin which will correspond to the dimension of reservation desired. .

The kit according to the present invention also has a plurality of elements 3 called formwork / formwork keys. Three of these elements are shown in Figure 3.

A formwork / formwork key 3 consists of two plates 3i and 3 ₂ parallel to each other and connected to each other by a central control member 3 ₃ . The member 3 ₃ makes it possible to adjust the spacing between the plates 3i and 3 ₂ and includes an adjustment button 3 ₄ making it possible to actuate a mechanism located in a housing 3 ₅ for adjusting the spacing. Examples of an adjustment mechanism will be described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 9 to 11.

The plates 3i and 3 ₂ of the formwork / formwork keys 3 are typically made of a plastic material such as poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC).

During the formation of the formwork dummy, it is possible to place several keys 3 one above the other, so that the total length of the superimposed keys corresponds substantially to the length of a filling block (1; 2) against which the keys 3 are located.

In this case, the keys 3 superimposed can be connected to each other by a link ₃₆ which will be fixed on one of the plates of the first key and on the plate on the same side of the key directly adjacent. Links ₃₆ may also be placed on the opposite plates, as shown in FIG. 3. Links ₃₆ may be links made of a flexible material, such as a polyamide such as nylon.

The filler blocks of the kit according to the present invention all have a single thickness which corresponds to the conventional thickness of the concrete walls poured today, for example 18 cm. However, the kit according to the present invention also advantageously comprises elements which will make it possible to pour walls of greater thickness.

These so-called “extra thickness” elements will now be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

The extra thickness elements consist of elements in the shape of an elongated rectangular parallelepiped 4i and 4 ₂ , called extra thickness blocks, which can be placed on each filling block. The extra thickness blocks are placed by any means, in particular on the edges of the corner assembly / corner filling block, the thickness of which is sought to be increased. The arrangement of these extra thickness blocks will be illustrated below with reference to Figures 25 and 26.

We will now describe in more detail with reference to Figures 6 to 8, the filling block 1 of a kit according to the present invention.

The filling block 1 is typically a block of rectangular shape formed by a frame / envelope 10 of plastic material, for example PVC, and filled with a foam 11. The foam 11 may be a hard foam capable of withstanding compression, such as polyurethane foam.

In order to be able to easily move the block 1, two handles 12 are hollowed out on at least one of the front faces of the latter when it is in the mounting position. The handles 12 are formed in the frame 10 in its middle part by making for each handle 12 two recesses of L-shaped section so that a handle 12 of T-shaped section is formed as can be seen on the section of Figure 7.

In the case where the hips used to form the wall are made of metal, at least one of the front faces of the block 1 is formed, in the mounting position, in the frame 10, two reservations 13 which will each receive a magnet inside of them. The first reservation 13 is formed in the upper part of the block and at a distance from each of its edges, the second reservation 13 being formed by symmetry with the first reservation. By doing so, we can easily place the block 1 against the hip to form the dummy, the block 1 being magnetized against the hip. In Figure 6, the reservations 13 are rectangular, but these reservations may of course be of any other shape depending on the magnet that one wishes to accommodate in them.

Along the edges of the block 1, one can form a plurality of notches 14 which are intended to receive connecting fishplates which make it possible to fix the filling block 1 to a neighboring block during the construction of the formwork dummy . The notches 14 are regularly distributed along each edge of the block 1.

We will describe in more detail these notches and the connecting fishplates below with reference to Figures 20 to 22.

When the wall has been poured, the concrete has a strong adhesive force which means that the filler blocks which were in direct contact with the concrete adhere to the freshly formed wall. In order to be able to remove the filling blocks without damaging them, the filling blocks each have a plurality of members which will make it possible to detach the blocks.

These detachment members consist of a movable element in translation housed in a cavity formed in the block 1 and opening into a part of the outer surface of said block. E'élément mobile is able to pass, under the action of a command from a position in which one of its ends comes flush with said outer surface portion and a position in which this end projects from the block 1 .

In preferred embodiments, a detachment member is placed in one of the corners of the block 1 so that the movable element is placed at 45 ° and opens into one of the corners of the block 1. Another detachment member is placed in the vicinity of each edge of the block 1 in the middle of each edge so that the movable element projects from the corresponding side wall of the block 1.

In order to be able to act on the control of the detachment members, openings are created on at least one of the front faces of the block 1. The opening 15 provides access to the mechanism of the detachment member located in the angle of block 1, and the openings 16 to the release members located in the sides of block 1.

These detachment members will be described in more detail below with reference to Figures 12 to 19.

We will now describe an embodiment of a first mechanism for adjusting the spacing between the plates 3i and 3 ₂ of the formwork / formwork key 3 with reference to Figures 9 and 10.

This first spacing adjustment mechanism is a mechanism with three bevel gears which are placed in the housing 3 ₅ .

The adjustment button 3 ₄ is connected by a rod 3 ₆ to a first bevel gear 3 ₇ . The bevel gear 3 ₇ is meshed with two other bevel gears 3 ₈ and 3 ₉ . The bevel gear 3 ₈ is connected to a threaded rod 3i ₀ and the pinion 3 ₉ to a threaded rod 3n. The housing 3 ₅ of course includes the orifices necessary for the passage of the rods 3 ₆ , 3i ₀ and 3n.

Cavities 3i ₂ and 3b are practiced respectively in the plate 3i and 3 ₂ . These cavities 3 i ₂ and 3b are tapped so that the threads formed therein cooperate with those of the rods 3i ₀ and 3n respectively.

The threads of the rods 3 _W and 3n are such that when the knob 3 ₄ is turned in one direction, the pinions 3 ₈ and 3 ₉ drive the said rods 3 _[0 and 3n so that the plates 3i and 3 ₂ move towards or away from each other in the same movement. When the operator turns the button 3 ₄ in the other direction, the plates will of course move in the opposite direction to that in which they move when the button 3 ₄ is moved in the first direction.

The rods and bevel gears can be made of metal or a plastic such as PVC.

In Figure 11, there is shown a variant of the mechanism for adjusting the spacing of the plates of a formwork / formwork key 3.

In this variant, the button 3 ₄ is connected by a rod, not shown, to a toothed wheel 3 _[4 , located in the housing 3 ₅ . The toothed wheel 3 _[4 cooperates with two racks 315 and 3i ₆ . The rack 3 _[5 is located in a first part of the housing 3 ₅ , in the vicinity of one of its walls, and protrudes from the latter to be integrated into the plate 3i. The rack 3 _[6 is located in the opposite part of the housing 3 ₅ and projects from the latter to be integrated into the plate 3 ₂ . The housing 3 ₅ naturally includes the openings necessary for the passage of the rod connecting the button 3 ₄ to the toothed wheel 3 _W and the racks 3 _[5 and 3i ₆ .

In use, in the example shown, when the button 3 ₄ is turned clockwise, the toothed wheel 3 _[4 drives the racks 3 _[5 and 3 _[6 towards the inside of the housing 3 5 making it possible to bring plates 3i and 3 _{2 together} . Of course, when the knob 3 ₄ is turned anti-clockwise, the plates 3i and 3 _{2 will} move away from one another.

The toothed wheel and the racks can be made of metal or a plastic such as PVC.

We will now describe in more detail the detachment members of the filling blocks with reference to Figures 12 to 19.

Figures 12 and 13, and 14 and 15 show two embodiments of a detachment member. In these embodiments, the detachment member makes it possible to detach the block 1 relative to a vertical wall of the wall M which has just been formed.

In the first embodiment, the detachment member consists of a rod 20 and a jack 22 which are located in a cavity 21 formed in the frame 10 of the block 1. The clearance between rod and cavity is such that it cannot let concrete pass. It is the same in the other realizations. The rod 20 has a first end 20a which comes flush with the exterior surface of the block 1, and when the manikin is in place, comes into contact with the wall M.

The rod 20 has a second end 20b on which the piston 23 of the cylinder 22 will come into contact in order to exert pressure on the rod 20.

The cavity 21 has a first part 21a for guiding the sliding which is intended to guide the rod 20 in translation and a second part 21b for housing the jack 22 and for operating the rod 20.

In use, the jack 22 is contained in the part 21b of the cavity 21, the base of the jack 22 opposite the side from which the piston 23 can protrude abutting against the bottom 21d of the cavity 21.

In the vicinity of its second end 20b, the rod 20 has a flange 20c. This flange 20c can abut against the edge 21c of the cavity 21 which is located in the vicinity of the part 21a of the latter, at the end of the translational travel. The cooperation between the flange 20c and the edge 21c of the cavity 21 also makes it possible to prevent the rod 20 from leaving the cavity 21.

When it is desired to remove the filling block without damaging it, it is necessary to overcome the adhesive force of the concrete of the wall M which is in contact with the block 1. We then place the jack 22, which is a hydraulic cylinder, in the cavity 21b through the opening 16 which is formed in the block 1.

The actuator 22 is actuated, for example using a hand pump, the piston 23 then protrudes and comes into contact against the second end 20b of the rod 20.

As the first end 20a of the rod 20 is in contact with the concrete of the wall M which is hardened, this end 20a cannot go further into the wall. The force exerted by the piston 23 on the second end of the rod 20b, the first end 20a thereof being blocked, will therefore cause the displacement of the whole block 1 which will move away from the surface of the wall M.

Figures 14 and 15 show an alternative embodiment of the detachment member described with respect to Figures 12 and 13.

In this variant, the rod used is identical to that of the first variant, the difference between the two variants lies in the means for controlling displacement of the rod.

In this second embodiment, the cylinder and piston device is replaced by an eccentric mechanism. The eccentric mechanism comprises an ovoid cam 24 and a follower 25. The follower 25 is in contact with the external surface of the cam 24 and with the second end 20b of the rod 20. The cam 24 is provided with an adjustment knob 26 which can be accessed through the opening 16 of the block L [0107] When the block is installed in the formwork dummy, the cam 24 is in a first position shown in Figure 14, so that the first end 20a of the rod 20 is flush with the surface of the block and in contact with the wall M. To take off the block 1, the cam 24 is passed into a second position using the adjustment knob 26, the cam 24 coming in contact with the follower 25 at the outer surface which corresponds to the largest radius of the cam 24, as shown in Figure 15. The follower 25 therefore exerts pressure against the second end 20b of the rod 20, and as the first end 20a of the rod 2 0 is blocked against wall M, this causes the movement of block 1 as a whole which will move away from wall M.

Figures 16 and 17, and 18 and 19 show two embodiments of a detachment member. In these embodiments, the detachment member makes it possible to detach the block 1 relative to an angle of the wall M which has just been formed.

In the first embodiment, the detachment member consists of a rod 30 and a jack 32 which are located in a cavity 31 formed in one of the corners of the frame 10 of the block L The rod 30 has a first end 30a which comes flush with the exterior surface of the block 1, and when the manikin is in place, comes into contact with the wall M. The first end 30a is in the form of an arrow, a first face 30a 1 of said end coming, in the example shown, into contact with the vertical wall of the wall M, the second face 30a2 coming into contact with the horizontal wall of the wall M.

The rod 30 has a second end 30b on which the piston 33 of the jack 32 will come into contact in order to exert pressure on the rod 30.

The cavity 31 has a first sliding guide part 3la which is intended to guide the rod 30 in translation and a second part 31b for housing the jack 32 and for operating the rod 30. At its end coming into contact with the wall, the cavity is flared so that its shape corresponds to the arrow shape of the first end 30a of the rod 30.

In use, the cylinder 32 is contained in the part 31b of the cavity 31, the base of the cylinder 32 opposite the side from which the piston 33 can protrude abutting against the bottom 31d of the cavity 31.

In the vicinity of its second end 30b, the rod 30 has a flange 30c. This flange 30c can abut against the edge 31c of the cavity 31 which is located in the vicinity of the part 31a of the latter, at the end of the translational travel. The cooperation between the flange 30c and the edge 31c of the cavity 31 also makes it possible to prevent the rod 30 from leaving the cavity 31.

In order to take off the filler block from the wall M, the cylinder 32 is placed in the cavity 31 through the opening 15 of the block 1. The cylinder 32 is a hydraulic cylinder and is actuated, for example using of a hand pump, so that the piston 33 comes into contact against the second end 30b of the rod 30. In the same way as for the detachment members located on the sides of the filling block, the first end 30a of the rod 30 is blocked against the walls of the wall M, the pressure exerted by the piston 33 on the second end 30b of the rod 30 will cause the assembly of the block 1 to move away from the wall M thus allowing it to take off.

Ligures 18 and 19 represent an alternative embodiment of the detachment member described with respect to Ligures 16 and 17.

In this variant, the rod used is identical to that of the first variant, the difference between the two variants lies in the means for controlling displacement of the rod.

In this second embodiment, the cylinder is replaced by an eccentric mechanism. The eccentric mechanism comprises an ovoid cam 34 and a follower 35. The follower 35 is in contact with the external surface of the cam 34 and with the second end 30b of the rod 30. The cam 34 is provided with an adjustment knob 36 which can be accessed through opening 15 of block 1.

When the block 1 is installed in the formwork dummy, the cam 34 is in a first position shown in Ligure 18, so that the first end 30a of the rod 30 is flush with the surface of the block and in contact with the wall M. To take off the block 1, the cam 34 is passed into a second position using the adjustment knob 36, the cam 34 coming into contact with the follower 35 at the outer surface which corresponds to the largest radius of the cam 34, as shown in Ligure 19. The follower 35 exerts a pressure against the second end 30b of the rod 30, and as the first end 30a of the rod 30 is blocked against the wall M , this causes the displacement of block 1 as a whole which will move away from the wall M.

We will now describe in more detail the fishplates which make it possible to link together two adjacent filling blocks with reference to FIGS. 20 and 21.

When the formwork dummy is constructed using the elements of the kit according to the present invention, two filling blocks can be located directly adjacent to each other as shown in Figure 21.

The splint 40 is in the form of a U with a large base 40a which has at its two distal ends two legs 41a and 41b. A handling orifice 42 is provided in the splint 40 in order to facilitate the withdrawal of the latter from its mounting position.

When two blocks 1 are adjacent with the notches 14 also adjacent, one can place inside the notch 14 of the first block the tab 41a of the splint 40 and the tab 41b in the corresponding notch 14 of the adjacent filling block.

The surface of the splint 40 comes flush with each surface of the two adjacent filler blocks. By doing so, it does not form an extra thickness which would cause problems during the training of the mannequin which must come into close contact against the hips.

We will now describe an example of mounting a formwork dummy using the elements of the kit according to the present invention with reference to Figures 22 to 24.

In the case of Figure 22, a formwork form is formed to create a reservation for a door.

In order to be able to reuse the filler blocks of the kit according to the invention, it is necessary to be able to remove the formwork dummy once the wall has been poured without damaging said blocks.

To be able to remove the blocks, it is necessary to create "free spaces" in the dummy in order to have the degrees of freedom necessary to be able to move said blocks.

We first form a first set El consisting of a filling block 1 on the ground S and it is maintained on the sheet with the magnets formed in the block. A second set E2 is then formed, consisting of a filling block 1 by placing the block above the first set so that the upper horizontal edge of the second set E2 is placed at the desired height to form the reservation and that its external vertical border which will come into contact with the wall M or in the extension of the external vertical border of the first set El.

A free space is left between the first and second sets El and E2 thus formed and in order to maintain the spacing between the sets El and E2 we just place in said free space two formwork / formwork keys 3 and we adjust the 'spacing between the plates 3i and 3 ₂ of each key 3 so that the plates come into contact with the respective surface of each block constituting the first and second sets El and E2.

The keys 3 are arranged so that one can come and place a plate P in the extension of the outer vertical edges of the first set El and the second set E2. This plate P is a plastic plate, such as PVC, and is cut to measure to correspond to the distance between the first set El and the second set E2. By doing so, the outer border of the El and E2 assemblies is completed and this makes it possible to prevent the infiltration of the concrete into the empty space located between the plates of the formwork / formwork keys placed between the El and E2 assemblies.

We then create a third set E3 consisting of a block 2 and a fourth set E4 consisting of a block 2 in a similar manner to that used to place the first and second sets El and E2. The third and fourth sets E3 and E4 will be placed so that there is a free space between the first set El and the third set E3 and between the second set E2 and the fourth set E4.

We then place three formwork / formwork keys in the free space between the first set El and the third set E3 and in the free space between the second set E2 and the fourth set E4.

The formwork / formwork keys placed between the second set E2 and the fourth set E4 are arranged so that one can come and place a plate P, the outer face of which comes in the extension of the upper horizontal edge of the second set E2 and the fourth set E4. The purpose of this plate P is to prevent the infiltration of concrete between the plates of the formwork / formwork keys between the second and fourth sets.

In the case of a reservation for a door, it is not necessary to place a plate P between the first and third assemblies in contact with the ground because there is of course no risk of infiltration at that level.

In the case of a reservation for a window, as shown in Figures 23 and 24, one can proceed in the same way as for the training of a mannequin for a door. However, in the case of a reservation for a window, it will also be necessary to place a plate P between the first and third sets El and E3 in order to prevent infiltration of concrete from the bottom of the mannequin.

In the Examples shown, each set consists of a single filler block, but it is obvious that it is possible to constitute each set using several filler blocks.

One can come to surround the periphery of the shuttering dummy thus formed by a film or an adhesive. This also makes it possible to ensure that the plates P do not move during the manufacture of the wall.

The concrete is then poured between the hips Bi and B _{2 in} order to form the wall.

To dismantle the elements of the mannequin once the concrete of the wall has hardened and the hips Bi and B ₂ have been removed, we start by removing all the keys 3 present by reducing the spacing between the plates 3i and 3 ₂ of the keys 3 and the plates P are destroyed. By doing so, two degrees of freedom are created for each of the sets El, E2, E3 and E4. For example, the set E2 now has a horizontal free space below it and a vertical free space to its right when looking at Figure 22 or Figure 23.

In the case of block 1 of the assembly E2, once the keys have been removed, the detachment members integrated in the block are used in order to move the block both downwards and to the right to take off the block 1 of the side wall and the upper wall of the wall M with which the block 1 was in contact. By proceeding in this way, block 1 is removed from the inside of the reservation without creating damage to the block or the wall.

Once the filling block has been peeled off, it is recovered and it can be reused to build another formwork dummy.

We now refer to Figures 25 and 26. If in the construction sector, the thickness of the walls is standard, it is sometimes necessary to form thicker walls. In this case, in order to increase the thickness of the reservation formed, we will use the extra thickness blocks 4i and 4 ₂ .

We start by forming a first set El as for a dummy for a wall of conventional thickness. To add thickness to the reservation, we just fix on one of the front faces of block 1, along its lower horizontal border, a first block of extra thickness 4 _b Then we just place on the same front face of block 1 , along its external vertical border which will come into contact against the wall M, a second block of additional thickness 4 ₂ .

The extra thickness blocks 4i and 4 ₂ are placed so that the entire edge of the assembly on which said extra thickness blocks are fixed and which will come into contact either with the ground or with the walls of the wall has a thickness more important than the rest of the set.

Each set will thus have a greater thickness at the level of the edge which will come into contact with the ground and / or the walls of the wall and the plates P which close the gap between the sets will be cut on demand accordingly. .

Referring now to Figures 27 to 29 in which there is shown another embodiment of the filler blocks of the kit of the present invention.

In Figure 27, there is shown another embodiment of a large width filler block 101.

In the same way as block 1, block 101 is a block of rectangular shape 110 made of a plastic material, for example PVC.

Unlike block 1 which is a solid block, block 101 is provided with a plurality of openings 103. These openings are formed between a set of crosspieces 108 and a central upright 109 which respectively connect the longitudinal edges 104 and 105 and the upper 106 and lower 107 edges of the block 101. The crosspieces and the upright may be hollow with a foam possibly introduced into the hollow parts.

Two handles 112 are arranged between the crosspieces 107 of the openings 102 are located in the middle part of the block 101.

As for block 1, a plurality of notches 114 is formed along the edges of block 101 in order to be able to insert connecting ribs to fix a filling block 101 to another adjacent block.

As for block 1, block 101 has a plurality of openings 116 which will act on the detachment members located on the sides of block 101. In order to allow the detachment member located to function properly in the corner of block 101, we will place a plate 115 in one of the openings 103 located in one of the corners of block 101. We can then access the mechanism of the detachment member through the opening 103 it -even.

This block 101 is lighter than block 1 which allows greater ease of handling. In addition, the openings 103 in block 101 allow rods to pass through which connect the hips B1 and B2 of the formwork used to form the wall without having to pierce said block as would be the case for blocks 1 and 2.

In FIG. 28, a block 102 is shown which is smaller in width than block 101. This block 102 does not have a central upright 109 but all the other elements of block 101 are found on this block 102 and retain the same reference figures.

Claims (2)

Kit for making formwork dummies for the formation of opening reservations in a wall formed from a setting material, said reservations each having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, characterized in that it comprises : - a set of blocks (1; 2), called “filling blocks”, the filling blocks having variable dimensions making it possible to compose at least one mannequin by placing blocks in four corner zones of the reservation which are wants to form with at least one block per corner area to form four sets of corners (El; E2; E3; E4) able to be arranged in relative positions such that their outer envelope corresponds to said reservation and that it is formed, in this arrangement, a space separating the vertical faces opposite the angle assemblies and a space separating the horizontal faces opposite the angle assemblies; - A set of removable members (3) called “shuttering / stripping keys” able to be arranged in the aforementioned spaces and to maintain the corner assemblies in the corners of the reservation to be formed, said members being able to adjust the 'spacing, which is a function of the dimension of said reservation, of the opposite corner assemblies in the mounting position, and also being able to be removed during disassembly of the manikin; and - a set of closing plates (P) capable of closing the ends of the aforementioned spaces in the mounting position to constitute, with the external walls of the corner assemblies, the periphery of the mannequin that one wishes to form, at least one member being integrated in a filling block arranged in a corner or on one side of the formwork dummy and capable of being controlled so that, once the setting material has been put in place and said formwork / formwork keys removed, bring out, as appropriate , in an angle or laterally, a pushing element on the adjacent walls of the material which has undergone the setting in order to ensure the separation of said filling block. Kit according to claim 1, characterized in that a corner assembly (El; E2; E3; E4) is formed from a single filling block or from several adjoining filling blocks. Kit according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the clearance of filling blocks includes: - filling blocks (1) said to be of greater width; - filling blocks (2) said to be of smaller width; - so-called intermediate width filling blocks. [Claim 4] Kit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filling blocks (1; 2) are solid blocks, which can be formed from an outer casing (10) filled with a foam (11), or hollow blocks or perforated blocks internally comprising at least one upright and at least one cross member, which may themselves be hollow or filled with foam. [Claim 5] Kit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a filling block (1; 2) comprises at least one handling handle (12) formed in hollow on at least one of its front faces in mounting position, on which a sheet is intended to come to apply for the casting of the material to grip. [Claim 6] Kit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a filling block (1; 2) has at least one reservation (13) for the placement of a magnet on at least one of its front faces in the mounting position, on which a form is intended to be applied for casting the setting material, said branch being a metal form and the magnet or magnets being intended to cooperate with the latter. [Claim 7] Kit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that along at least one vertical edge and / or at least one horizontal edge in the mounting position of the manikin, a filling block (1; 2 ) comprises at least one notch (14) intended to receive a part (41a) of a connecting bar (40) of said filling block (1; 2) with a neighboring filling block (1; 2) in the position of mounting, said neighboring filling block comprising a notch (14) for receiving the other part (41b) of the splint (40), which comes into the mounting position to be placed in the notches (14) without projecting from the faces corresponding of the two blocks then coming to be located in the extension of one another. [Claim 8] Kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a formwork / formwork key (3) comprises two plates (3i; 3 ₂ ) intended to be applied to the respective walls of two opposite sets in the mannequin mounting position, the two plates being joined by a mechanism for adjusting their spacing. [Claim 9] Kit according to claim 8, characterized in that the adjustment mechanism consists of two threaded rods (3 _[0 ; 3n) each mounted in a tapped hole (3 _i2 ; 3 _n ) made in a respective plate (3i; 3 ₂ ), the threaded rods being located in the extension of one another, perpendicular to the plates, each carrying, at its end opposite the plate, a bevel gear (3 ₈ ; 3 ₉ ), the two bevel gears cooperating with a third pinion (3 ₇ ) connected to a control (3 ₄ ) for the approximation or spacing of the plates (3i; 3 ₂ ). [Claim 10] Kit according to claim 8, characterized in that the adjustment mechanism consists of racks (3 _i5 ; 3 _[6 ) carried by the respective plates, the racks being arranged perpendicular to the plates and cooperating with a central toothed wheel (3 _W ) carrying an order for the approximation or spacing of the plates. [Claim 11] Kit according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that several formwork / formwork keys (3) are able to be placed side by side in a space between two facing sets, two adjacent plates belonging to two keys neighboring formwork / formwork which can be connected by a flexible link (3 ₆ ). [Claim 12] Kit according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it also comprises a set of blocks called "extra thickness blocks"(4i; 4 ₂ ) capable of coming to be applied against a filling block (1 ; 2) or at least on the outer edges of a corner assembly to complete the filling according to the thickness if the thickness of the filling blocks (1; 2) is insufficient. [Claim 13] Kit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a member integrated into a filling block (1; 2) for ensuring the detachment of said block (1; 2) from the wall of gripping material once the grip is made consists of a movable element in translation (20; 30) housed in a cavity (21; 31) formed in said block (1; 2) and opening into a part of the external surface of said block, said element ( 20; 30) being able to pass, under the action of a control accessible from a front face of said block, from a position in which it closes said cavity and comes flush with said outer surface part to a position in which it projects out of said block (1; 2). [Claim 14] Kit according to claim 13, characterized in that the movable element in translation (20; 30) consists of a rod (20; 30) of which one end (20a; 30a) is configured to come flush with the surface part outside of the filling block (1; 2), the control being mounted to move the rod (20; 30) in translation by a thrust applied to said other end, the cavity (21; 31) formed in said block having, from the external surface into which opens said rod, a guide part (21a; 31a) sliding of the latter, then a housing part (21b; 31b) of said control and maneuvering of the rod (20; 30). [Claim 15] Kit according to one of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the control is a piston cylinder (22) (23) which is introduced into the cavity (21), said cylinder being able to be removable in particular so that it can be used to control all the release devices of a manikin. [Claim 16] Kit according to either of Claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the control is an eccentric control (24, 25). [Claim 17] Kit according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the rod (20; 30) has, in its part adjacent to the control, a projection, such as a flange (20c; 30c), suitable for coming in abutment against a wall of the cavity (21b; 31b) at the end of the translational travel to prevent the rod (20; 30) from leaving the cavity (21; 31). [Claim 18] Kit according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the rod (20) is mounted to be perpendicular to a horizontal or vertical side wall when it is intended to open into said side wall, respectively horizontal or vertical, the corresponding end wall of said rod being perpendicular to the middle line thereof. [Claim 19] Kit according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the rod (30) is mounted to be arranged at an angle of 45 ° to open into a corner, preferably an upper corner of the filling block, the wall corresponding end of said rod (30) having an enlarged part having two walls intended to come flush, one with a side wall of said block and the other with the adjacent side wall of said block at 90 ° from the previous one, a widening of the cavity (31) housing the rod (30) being formed in a corresponding manner in said filling block (1; 2) for the reception of said enlarged part. 2/15