WO2004079131A1

WO2004079131A1 - Panel for civil engineering works, particularly swimming pools, and construction method using such panels

Info

Publication number: WO2004079131A1
Application number: PCT/FR2004/000173
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joël QUEIREL
Original assignee: Queirel Joel
Priority date: 2003-01-28
Filing date: 2004-01-26
Publication date: 2004-09-16
Also published as: FR2850416A1; FR2850416B1

Abstract

The invention relates to panels for civil engineering works, particularly swimming pools or water reservoirs, which are installed in the ground and which require a lateral wall or structure made from reinforced concrete with high mechanical strength. The invention also relates to a construction method using such panels. According to the invention, on the side external to the reservoir, the inventive panel (23) comprises a structure having at least three flaps, namely two lateral end flaps (29, 30) and at least one intermediate flap (28), said flaps being articulated to one another around vertical axes (35, 36) in the vertical installation position of the panels and an intermediate flap (28) being fixed to the outer face of the panel. In addition, all of the aforementioned flaps can be laid against the outer face of the panel in the storage and transport position. Moreover, in the installation position, the above-mentioned flaps (29, 30), with the exception of the intermediate flap (28) which is fixed to the panel, can be deployed such as to form a hollow volume (35) which is essentially closed along at least one main part of the height thereof, in order for concrete to be poured therein, said concrete forming a pillar after setting.

Description

PANEL FOR PRODUCING CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS, ESPECIALLY POOLS AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD USING SUCH PANELS

The present invention essentially relates to a process for the production of civil engineering works, and in particular swimming pools or water retention basins, installed in land, to have a wall or structure of reinforced reinforced concrete mechanically poured on site. at-

10 above a slab forming the bottom of the structure, these panels being made up at least in part of two sheets of suitable plastic material such as polypropylene and the like joined together and suitably braced forming at least in part lost formwork and cooperating in the realization of the work.

Many methods and devices are known for the construction of such structures using various lost forms.

Certain methods use, for example, formwork having the total height of the wall to be constructed and which are juxtaposed and assembled together by various means. Such forms are not of practical use,

20 their flexibility of use is extremely limited, they have a considerable space for storage and transport, and do not generally make it possible to form a perfectly sealed continuous concrete wall. Other methods and devices implement the conventional technique of

25 mounting of a wall by means of hollow blocks which, in the case of a swimming pool, may be blocks made of polystyrene foam or the like. The use of such concrete blocks is flexible, but the rigidity of the formwork before setting the concrete is problematic, the installation of reinforcement is difficult and the volume of transport and storage of such

30 concrete blocks is considerable.

In its previous patents FR 2 724 680 and FR 2 818 998, the applicant has described improved panels forming lost formwork allowing the construction of such freestanding structures. The present invention relates to an improvement to this technique and more particularly to the technique of the last aforementioned patent which further facilitates precise implementation, considerably reduces the storage volume of the materials to be used, in particular formwork panels, and simultaneously for satisfactory rigidity makes it possible to very considerably reduce the volume of concrete necessary for construction.

The panels, in accordance with the invention, being made up at least in part of two sheets of suitable plastic material such as polypropylene and the like joined together and suitably braced forming at least in part lost formwork and cooperating in the production of the structure, are characterized in that the panel comprises, on the exterior side of the basin, a structure comprising at least three flaps, namely two lateral end flaps and at least one intermediate flap, the flaps being hinged together around vertical axes in the vertical installation position in place of the panels, with an intermediate flap fixed on the external face of the panel, all the flaps being able to be laid against the external face of the panel in the storage and transport position, and the flaps, except for the intermediate flap fixed to the panel, which can be deployed in the removal position by forming a substantially closed hollow volume on at least a main part of their height for the pouring in this space of the concrete which will form, after setting, a pillar.

In this way, the flaps, when deployed, form formwork for pouring the concrete of the pillars, while ensuring excellent stability of the various side panels of the structure and perfect vertical positioning of the wall of the structure.

To improve the ease of adjustment of the installation, at least one adjustable foot is provided at the base of at least one of the side flaps. According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, at least one of the lateral flaps of the structure has, towards its lower part, an opening for the pouring of the concrete at the base of the structure towards the raft of the work. In this way an excellent anchoring of the base of the panels is obtained at the base of the structure.

The invention also relates to a method for producing civil engineering works, and in particular swimming pools or water retention basins, installed in land, which must have a side wall or reinforced concrete structure mechanically resistant poured on site at -above a raft forming the bottom of the structure using panels, as indicated above, the method being characterized in that after forming a cleanliness base at the base of the excavation which will receive the panels, the various panels are temporarily fixed and assembled together to form the side wall of the structure by developing the structure of the flaps and temporarily locking it by means of at least one steel bar on which the hollow volume is closed substantially closed for the pouring of concrete inside this structure of the shutters after having properly adjusted the adjustment feet provided at the base of the shutters in order to obtain the orienta exact position desired, generally vertical to the wall of the panels.

The invention and its implementation will appear more clearly with the aid of the description which follows it, made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic view which generally shows how the formwork is mounted for the construction of a work in accordance with the prior art of the aforementioned patent FR 2818 998;

- Figure 2 shows in perspective view a panel element placed in place on the aforementioned sockliner, the flaps being in the deployed position;

- Figure 3 shows a side view along arrow III of Figure 2;

- Figure 4 shows a top view of Figure 2;

- Figure 5 shows a top view of Figure 2, but the board, visible in Figures 2 to 4, being removed to better show the structure of the three components attached to an elementary panel;

- Figure 6 shows a top view similar to that of Figure 4 but supplemented by the installation of the chute for pouring the concrete in the upper belt of the structure and in the formwork volume of the pillars formed by the deployed flaps;

- Figure 7 is a section taken along line VII - VII of Figure 6 showing the profile of the chute;

- Figure 8 shows in perspective view and with cutaway how cooperate a panel element with its associated flaps, the stiffening board, the positioning iron of the flaps, the concrete pouring chute and the holes formed at the base of the flaps allowing the pouring in one go of the entire volume of the concrete surrounding the wall of the structure;

- Figure 9 shows schematically the layout of the various panels with their individual flaps deployed for the formation of concrete pillars for strengthening the structure; and

- Figure 10 shows how can be stored and transported flat on a pallet of composite panels according to the invention.

Referring first to Figure 1, there is illustrated in accordance with the previous embodiment of the aforementioned patent FR 2 818 998 a number of panels placed, side by side, to form the start of a wall for example a swimming pool. It is assumed that the panels thus arranged are at the bottom of an excavation which has not been shown so as not to overload the drawing. Eight panels have thus been shown referenced 10 to 17. The panels referenced 12 to 15 form, for example, the small end side of a 4 mx 8 m basin. In this case the panels can each have a width of 1 m. Their height will depend on the desired depth of the basin, for example 1, 1 m. Also shown in this figure are the high ends of chimneys 18, 18 ', 18 "and a chimney 20 which will serve as formwork for the concrete of the pillars. Legs such as 21, 22, 31 are used to position the chimneys properly. In the upper part is provided a chute 19 with an L-shaped section, comprising a bottom 33 and a side wall 32, which allows the pouring of concrete into the chimneys to form the pillars, orifices being provided in the panels to allow the pouring of the concrete. at the base of the book to form the raft in a single operation.

However, the perfect positioning of these different elements is all the same delicate, the present invention having for object to considerably facilitate the task of the installer, as will be understood from the description which follows of improvements of the present invention. Reference will now be made more particularly to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 to describe the composite panel according to the present invention. According to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, a panel referenced as a whole 23 consists essentially of a wall element formed of four elementary modular panels respectively 24, 25, 26 and 27 with which element is associated a structure consisting of three components 28 , 29 and 30. The central flap 28 of the structure is fixed by any suitable means to the wall element of the panel 23, that is to say in the example illustrated (see FIG. 5) on the two central modular panels 25, 26. In Returning to FIG. 1, it can be seen that each wall element constituted by the four modular panels 24, 25, 26 and 27 of the panel 23 is equivalent to each of the panels referenced 10 to 17 in FIG. 1. Furthermore, the dimensions can be identical, for example a width of 1 m for a height close to 110 cm. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the panels were kept vertical so as to resist the pressure of the water to which they will be subjected after impoundment of the structure by means of reinforced concrete pillars formed at the inside the various chimneys such as the chimney 20 more particularly visible in FIG. 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, these pillars which were formed in the chimneys such as 20 will be replaced by reinforced concrete pillars which will be formed in the volumes 35 of the folded flap structure as seen more particularly in FIG. 5. The structure of the three flaps 28, 29 and 30 in the position for storing and transporting the panels is lying flat, on the outer wall of panel 23, as illustrated for the flap referenced 30 "in phantom in FIG. 5, and as illustrated in FIG. 10 for a number of panels laid flat s on a pallet. When placing a composite panel 23, the two lateral flaps 29, 30 are deployed by closing the equilateral triangle formed by the three flaps of the same dimension 28, 29 and 30 so as to form the formwork volume 35 of the pillar. The side flaps 29 and 30 have at their ends hooks 29 ', 30' which come to lock on a steel bar 34 previously driven into the ground as can be seen more clearly in Figure 2. The flaps 29 and 30 are mounted articulated at both ends of the intermediate flap 28 by means of hinges 35, 36 for example of the piano hinge type. The assembly of a panel such as 23 is done as follows. First of all, the four elementary modular panels 24, 25, 26, 27 are assembled which cooperate by means of an assembly by tenon 36 and mortise 37 and by means of notches 38 and complementary teeth and hooks (not visible on the figures). By this double cooperation we obtain a good locking and a good assembly of the elementary wall made up of the four modular panels 24, 25, 26 and 27 which can have for example each a width of about 25 cm and a height of the order of 110 cm. On the unitary wall thus constituted by the panel, the structure of the three flaps 28, 29 and 30, produced separately, is fixed by the intermediate flap 28. The flap 28 is fixed to the middle part of the wall of the panel by any suitable means, for example by screwing or by gluing. At the upper part of the panel, a number of coils are attached, for example three coils 39, 40 and 41 which will allow better locking of the panels in the upper concrete belt of the structure. As can be seen more particularly in FIG. 2, the flaps 29 and 30 are advantageously constructed with ribbed panels so as to increase their rigidity, and they comprise towards their base an opening more particularly visible on the flap 30 and which has been referenced 42. These openings will allow, during the pouring of the concrete into the volume 35 of the pillars, to bring the concrete onto the bottom of the structure in order to obtain a perfect junction with the raft, integral with the insole, the strike off and the sole having been previously poured. As can also be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the side panels 29 and 30 have at their base an adjustable foot, for example by screwing such as 43, which comes to bear on a sockliner 44 previously formed at the bottom of the excavation externally to the pool and on which we put the different panels side by side all around the structure (for clarity of explanations, we indicated in Figure 3 by the letters INT and EXT, respectively, the "interior" side of the structure on the basin side and the "outside" side of the structure on the land side). Referring to Figures 2 and 3, we also see that the side flaps have on top of the lugs 45 formed with a recess 46 allowing the correct positioning, under the coils 39, 40 and 41 of a board, for example made of plywood 47 which engages in a groove 48 provided for this purpose at the upper part of the modular panels 24, 25, 26 and 27. The recesses 46 formed on the lugs 45 will make it possible to receive and position an upper steel belt bar of the structure while the plate 47 laterally reinforces the panel which will thus retain perfect linearity.

We will now describe, with particular reference to FIGS. 6 to 9, the method for producing civil engineering works, and in particular swimming pools using the panels described above.

First of all, all around the pool 50 of the swimming pool (see FIG. 9) are the various juxtaposed panels 23, joined together on their lateral edges, with the structure of the flaps proper to each panel properly deployed and held in place. by the iron 34 suitably sunk into the ground. Thus, in FIG. 9, a structure has been shown which would comprise ten juxtaposed panels along the length and five juxtaposed panels in width, that is to say that each panel has a width of 1 m, thus forming the delimitation of a basin 5 m wide and 10 m long. Of course, this belt of the panels is placed on the insole 44 already described, which is advantageously secured to the raft which has been formed at the same time. Before pouring the concrete, each panel is suitably oriented vertically by means of the adjustment feet 43 and the linearity of the wall is checked, the boards 47 cooperating in this good linearity. These operations being thus completed, a chute 51, similar to the chute 19 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the prior art, is placed above the structure, for pouring the concrete into this chute, the bottom 52 of the chute coming to rest on the end point 54 of the structure of the flaps above the end of the bar 34. The bottom 52 of the chute is suitably cut so as to allow the pouring of the concrete towards the volume 35 of the hollow structure of the shutters and inwards at the level of the boards 47 so as to allow the concrete to come to drown the coils such as 39, 40 and 41 in order to ensure a good anchoring of the structure of the panel in the upper chaining of the work. On the exterior side of the land, the chute has a side wall 53 which comes substantially level with the upper edge of the inner wall of the panels 23. In this upper chaining, the usual reinforcements are made of reinforcing steel and it is possible in particular to arrange the hollow 46 of the lugs 45 a straight iron which will go all around the work. Because at their base the side flaps have openings 42, the concrete which is poured into the volume 35 of the pillars spills out at the base and can be suitably married to the insole 44. This ensures good anchoring from the base of the panels; of course reinforcing steel can also be suitably placed at this point which pass through the openings 42. Likewise suitable reinforcements are arranged inside the volumes 35 of the pillars.

Referring to Figure 10, we see that the composite panels can be easily stacked flat on top of each other, occupying only a very small volume when the structure of the shutters is open. Many variants and modifications can be made to the embodiment which has just been described. Thus, for example, instead of a three-part structure inside which a concrete pillar of triangular section will be poured, a structure with three articulated parts could be provided. lateral which could thus form a rectangular pillar volume, or a structure with five lateral flaps to form a hexagonal formwork volume for the pillar. In each case, only one of the flaps, said to be intermediate, will be fixed to the external face of the panel wall. It is also thus that one could possibly remove the intermediate flap fixed on the outer wall of the panel and articulate the side panels, two or more, directly on the outer face of the panel to form, once the volume is deployed. formwork of the pillar.

Claims

1. Panel for the realization of civil engineering works, and in particular swimming pools or water retention basins, installed in grounds, having to include a side wall or structure in reinforced reinforced concrete mechanically poured on site above a slab forming the bottom of the structure, this panel being made up at least in part of two sheets of suitable plastic material such as polypropylene and the like joined together and suitably braced forming at least in part lost formwork and cooperating in the realization of the structure, characterized in that the panel (23) comprises, on the side outside the basin, a structure comprising at least three flaps, namely two lateral end flaps (29, 30) and at least one intermediate flap (28), the flaps being hinged together around vertical axes (35, 36) in the position of vertical installation of the panels, with an intermediate flap (28) fixed on the outer face of the pan neau, all the flaps which can be laid against the external face of the panel in the storage and transport position, and the flaps (29, 30), with the exception of the intermediate flap (28) fixed to the panel, which can be deployed in the laying position by forming a hollow volume (35) substantially closed over at least a main part of their height for the pouring into this space of the concrete which will form, after setting, a pillar.

2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the side flaps (29, 30) of the structure has towards its lower part an opening (42) for pouring the concrete at the base of the structure.

3. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one adjustable foot (43) is provided at the base of at least one of the side flaps.

4. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side flaps are formed into rib boxes.

5. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each wall of the panel, pool side, on which is fixed, on the ground side, the shutters structure consists of several modular walls (24 - 27) of smaller width which are fixed laterally according to their height by a system of mortises (37) and tenons (36) cooperating and the like (38) .

6. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each wall of the panel, pool side, on which is fixed, on the ground side, the structure of the flaps comprises, above the flaps, a groove (48) formed in this wall, on the ground side, for embedding a reinforcement board (47) which comes to rest on a part of the top of the flap structure.

7. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each wall of the panel, swimming pool side, on which is fixed, on the ground side, the structure of the flaps comprises, above the flaps, projecting elements in the form of flared coils (39 - 41) integral with this wall.

8. Method for the production of civil engineering works, and in particular of swimming pools or water retention basins, installed in grounds, having to include a side wall or structure in reinforced reinforced concrete mechanically poured on site above a slab forming the bottom of the structure using panels according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after forming a cleanliness sole (44) at the base of the excavation which will receive the panels (23) , the various panels are temporarily fixed and assembled together to form the side wall of the structure by developing the structure of the flaps (29, 30) and by temporarily locking it by means of at least one steel bar (34) on which the hollow volume (35) which is substantially closed for pouring the concrete inside this shutter structure is closed again after having suitably adjusted the adjustment feet (43) provided at the base of the shutters in order to obtain set the exact desired orientation, generally vertical to the wall of the panels.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the steel bar (34) is pressed into the ground at a certain depth below the level of the sockliner (44).

10. Method according to claim 8 or claim 9 in combination with claim 2, characterized in that after proper placement of the various panels all around the structure, a chute is placed above the panels (51) for the pouring of the concrete which will form the upper stiffening belt of the structure and the concrete is poured into this chute and from it inside the hollow volumes (35) formed by the structure of the flaps and is distributed at the base of the flaps through the openings (42) which are provided for this purpose the concrete which is poured there for the junction of the walls to the raft.