EP3577323B1 - Variable valve drive of a combustion piston engine - Google Patents
Variable valve drive of a combustion piston engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3577323B1 EP3577323B1 EP18702609.1A EP18702609A EP3577323B1 EP 3577323 B1 EP3577323 B1 EP 3577323B1 EP 18702609 A EP18702609 A EP 18702609A EP 3577323 B1 EP3577323 B1 EP 3577323B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- primary
- follower
- variable valve
- valve drive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
- F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
- F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
- F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/06—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for braking
- F01L13/065—Compression release engine retarders of the "Jacobs Manufacturing" type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L2001/0476—Camshaft bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
- F01L2001/0537—Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
- F01L2001/186—Split rocking arms, e.g. rocker arms having two articulated parts and means for varying the relative position of these parts or for selectively connecting the parts to move in unison
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
- F01L2013/001—Deactivating cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L2013/10—Auxiliary actuators for variable valve timing
- F01L2013/101—Electromagnets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a variable valve drive of an internal combustion piston engine with at least one functionally identical gas exchange valve per cylinder, the valve lift of which is predetermined by at least one primary cam and a secondary cam of a camshaft and can be selectively transferred to at least one associated gas exchange valve by means of a switchable rocker arm, which has a primary lever and a secondary lever is, wherein the respective primary lever is supported with its one end on an associated support element mounted on the housing and with its other end on the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve, the respective primary lever being in tap contact between its two ends with the associated primary cam, and at which the secondary lever is pivotably mounted on the primary lever, is in tap contact with the associated secondary cam, and by means of a coupling element that can be adjusted by an adjusting device can be coupled to the primary lever.
- Switchable valve trains of internal combustion piston engines are known in different designs.
- valve trains of individual cylinders or groups of cylinders of an internal combustion piston engine can be deactivated by switching off the transferable valve lift and thus, in conjunction with switching off the fuel injection for the cylinder in question, the fuel consumption as well as the CO 2 and pollutant emissions of the internal combustion piston engine can be reduced in partial load operation.
- the stroke curves over time that can be transmitted through the valve trains of inlet and / or outlet valves of a reciprocating internal combustion engine can be changed by switching the stroke and thus adapted to the current operating state of the reciprocating internal combustion engine as a function of operating parameters such as the engine speed and the engine load. whereby the engine output and the torque can be increased and the specific fuel consumption of the reciprocating internal combustion engine can be reduced.
- two relatively displaceable or rotatable components of a switchable stroke transmission element are usually provided, one component of which is in actuating connection with the associated cam of a camshaft and the other component with the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve. Both components can be coupled or decoupled to one another via a coupling element, which is mostly designed as a coupling bolt.
- a coupling element which is mostly designed as a coupling bolt.
- the coupling bolt is usually guided in an axially movable manner in a bore of one component and can be displaced into a coupling bore of the other component.
- the coupling bolt is held in a rest position by means of a spring element and, by the application of an actuating force, is displaced against the restoring force of the spring element into an actuating position and held there.
- the rest position of the coupling bolt usually corresponds to the coupled state of the components of the stroke transmission element and the actuating position corresponds to the decoupled state of the components.
- the disengageable stroke transmission elements can be disconnectable bucket tappets, roller tappets, rocker arms, rocker arms or support elements.
- At least two relatively displaceable or rotatable components of a switchable stroke transmission element are provided, of which one component is coupled to an associated primary cam of a camshaft with a specific valve lift and to the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve, and the other component is coupled to an associated one Secondary cam of the camshaft is in control connection with a larger valve lift or with an additional lift.
- Both components can be coupled or decoupled with one another via a coupling element, which is usually designed as a coupling bolt.
- a coupling element which is usually designed as a coupling bolt.
- the coupling bolt is usually guided in an axially movable manner in a bore in one component and can be displaced into a coupling bore in the other component.
- the coupling bolt is held in a rest position by means of a spring element and is moved into an actuating position and held there by applying an actuating force against the restoring force of the spring element.
- the rest position of the coupling pin mostly corresponds to the decoupled state of the components of the stroke transmission element and the actuating position corresponds to the coupled state of the components.
- Such switchable stroke transmission elements are, for example, switchable bucket tappets, switchable rocker arms or switchable rocker arms.
- the adjustment of coupling elements of switchable stroke transmission elements is usually carried out hydraulically, in that a switching pressure line leading to the pressure chambers of the coupling elements is alternately connected to an oil pressure source, for example via a magnetic switching valve, or is switched to a depressurized state.
- a known embodiment of a switchable rocker arm provided with a hydraulically adjustable coupling bolt, which is provided in an internal combustion piston engine for switching off the stroke of a gas exchange valve is disclosed in US Pat DE 10 2006 057 894 A1 .
- the DE 10 2006 023 772 A1 a switchable rocker arm described with a hydraulically adjustable coupling pin which is provided in an internal combustion piston engine for switching the stroke of a gas exchange valve.
- a corresponding hydraulic adjusting device for group-wise selective adjustment of the coupling elements of a variable valve drive in an internal combustion piston engine with two inlet valves and two outlet valves per cylinder is for example in the DE 102 12 327 A1 described.
- the switchable stroke transmission elements of this valve drive are designed as switchable bucket tappets in this case.
- the adjustment of coupling elements of switchable stroke transmission elements can, however, also take place electromagnetically, in that the coupling elements are each in operative connection with an electromagnet and the electromagnets are alternately energized or de-energized.
- a known embodiment of a switchable rocker arm provided with an electromagnetically adjustable coupling bolt, which is provided in an internal combustion piston engine for switching off the stroke of a gas exchange valve, can be the U.S. 5,544,626 A can be removed.
- the coupling pin and the electromagnet, the armature of which is connected to the coupling pin are arranged longitudinally in the primary housing of the rocker arm, which results in a greater length of the rocker arm and a correspondingly greater width of the cylinder head concerned.
- switchable rocker arms with coupling bolts aligned parallel and transversely to the longitudinal extension of the same are from the DE 101 55 801 A1 and the DE 10 2015 221 037 A1 known.
- US 6 499 451 B1 a variable valve drive of an internal combustion engine, in which the switchable rocker arms assigned to each valve can each be actuated by means of a separate actuator. These actuators each act on one arm of a two-armed pivot element pivotably mounted on an axis, the second arm thereof can act on a coupling pin of the associated rocker arm.
- This valve train too, is judged to be disadvantageous primarily because of its many separate actuators and adjusting means.
- the documents too DE 699 23 139 T2 and JP S60 111010 A reveal switchable rocker arms with coupling elements
- a variable valve drive with several rocker arms for actuating functionally identical valves of an internal combustion engine is known, the respective actuating device of which manages with only one actuator.
- the secondary levers and primary levers there are, however, designed separately and arranged next to one another.
- the secondary levers can be coupled to a directly adjacent primary lever by an axial displacement of a coupling pin mounted in a transverse bore of the respective secondary lever into a coupling bore of the respective primary lever.
- the higher lift of the primary and secondary cams of a camshaft is transmitted to the relevant gas exchange valves.
- the axial displacement of the coupling bolts can only take place if both cams are tapped at the same time in the base circle, since the transverse and coupling bores are only then aligned with one another.
- the coupling bolts are actuated by means of an adjusting device which has a shift rod which is arranged parallel to the camshaft of the internal combustion engine and can be linearly displaced by an actuator.
- Two axial stops are attached to the shift rod for each pair of primary lever and secondary lever.
- a guide sleeve is arranged on the shift rod, which can be shifted on one side between the two stops by means of a compression spring in the shifting direction, spring-loaded on the shift rod.
- An arm extends in one piece from the respective guide sleeve and is in actuating contact with the free end face of the coupling bolt mentioned.
- the respective arms of the respective guide sleeves are designed as rigid metallic levers.
- the coupling bolt can be returned to its decoupling position by means of a compression spring.
- the secondary levers When the shift rod is shifted in the shifting direction, the secondary levers are immediately coupled to the primary levers in the lever pairs that can be shifted.
- the coupling bolts are Tension of the relevant compression springs in the switching direction with a force.
- the coupling of the secondary levers to the primary levers occurs when the two cams in question of the associated camshaft are tapped in the base circle and the transverse and coupling bores are aligned with one another.
- variable valve train of an internal combustion piston engine of the type mentioned with switchable rocker arms for functionally identical gas exchange valves that can be switched by means of a space-saving actuator. For this purpose, only one adjusting device for the rocker switch for actuating functionally identical valves should be used.
- the respective coupling element of the switchable rocker arm is each designed as an axially moveable coupling bolt guided in a transverse bore of the primary lever, that the coupling element by means of a switching bolt mounted axially movably in a transverse bore of the secondary lever is displaceable against the restoring force of a spring element in an opposite coupling bore of the secondary lever, that the respective shift pin protrudes with its axially outer end from the secondary lever, that this axially outer end of the shift pin is connected to a rod-shaped connecting element, which in turn is coupled to a shift rod in an adjusting connection is that the shift rod is arranged above the respective rocker arm parallel to the associated camshaft, that the shift rod by means of a linear actuator against the restoring force of a spring element it is longitudinally displaceable from a rest position into a switching position, and that the connecting elements of the switchable rocker arms are designed as leaf springs.
- the invention is therefore based on a per se known variable valve drive of an internal combustion piston engine which has at least one functionally identical gas exchange valve per cylinder.
- the gas exchange valves with the same function can be inlet valves or outlet valves.
- the valve lift of these functionally identical gas exchange valves is predetermined by at least one primary cam and a secondary cam of a camshaft and can be selectively transferred to at least one associated gas exchange valve by means of a switchable rocker arm, which has a primary lever and a secondary lever.
- the primary lever is supported at the end on a support element mounted on the housing side and on the opposite side on the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve, and in between, for example via a rotatably mounted roller, it is in tap contact with the associated primary cam.
- the secondary lever is pivotably mounted on the primary lever, for example it is in tap contact with the associated secondary cam via at least one sliding surface, and it can be coupled to the primary lever by means of a coupling element that can be adjusted by an adjusting device.
- the stroke profile of the secondary cam which usually has a greater stroke height than the primary cam or exerts an additional stroke, is transferred to the associated gas exchange valve.
- the additional stroke can be, for example, a post-stroke for exhaust gas recirculation or a decompression stroke in the work cycle to increase the engine braking effect.
- the respective coupling element of the switchable rocker arms are each designed as an axially movable coupling bolt guided in a transverse bore of the primary lever an opposite coupling bore of the secondary lever is displaceable, that the respective shift pin protrudes with its axially outer end from the secondary lever, that this axially outer end of the shift pin is connected to a rod-shaped connecting element, which in turn with a shift rod is coupled in an actuating connection, that the shift rod is arranged above the respective rocker arm parallel to the associated camshaft, that the shift rod can be longitudinally displaced from a rest position into a shift position by means of a linear actuator against the restoring force of a spring element, and that the connecting elements of the switchable rocker arms, with which the switching pins can be actuated, are designed as leaf springs.
- the rocker arms of the functionally identical gas exchange valves can be switched over the switchable rocker arm is each designed as a coupling bolt axially movably guided in a transverse bore of the primary lever, which can be displaced against the restoring force of a spring element into an opposite coupling bore of the secondary lever by means of a switching bolt that is axially movably mounted in a transverse bore of the secondary lever.
- Each switching pin protrudes with its axially outer end from the secondary lever and is on this via an upwardly directed rod-shaped connecting element with a switching rod in control connection, which is arranged above the rocker arm parallel to the associated camshaft and a linear actuator against the restoring force of a spring element from a Rest position is longitudinally displaceable in a switching position.
- the connecting elements of the switchable rocker arms are designed as leaf springs, so that when the shift rod is axially displaced by an actuator, they then build up a pretensioning force on the assigned shift pin when the primary lever and the secondary lever of a shift finger lever cannot be coupled to one another due to their position with respect to one another.
- This biasing force on the designed as a leaf spring The connecting element is then dismantled by an axial displacement of the associated shift bolt as soon as the primary lever and the secondary lever of the shift lever are aligned with one another in the correct pivoted position.
- the actuating device with the features of the invention thus has only a single actuator by means of which the switchable rocker arms in question can be switched from the rest position in which the secondary lever is decoupled from the primary lever into the switching position in which the secondary lever is coupled to the primary lever are.
- the linear actuator can be arranged and fastened in the longitudinal direction of the shift rod at a suitable point on the cylinder head at which the required installation space is available and for which the energy supply required for actuation can be implemented inexpensively.
- the actuating device according to the invention with the purely mechanically switchable rocker arms is much simpler and more space-saving and can be manufactured more cost-effectively.
- actuating devices can also be arranged on the cylinder head of an internal combustion piston engine in order to be able to selectively switch several groups of functionally identical gas exchange valves, such as inlet valves and / or outlet valves of all or only certain cylinders or, in the case of a four-valve cylinder head, of first and second inlet and / or outlet valves.
- groups of functionally identical gas exchange valves such as inlet valves and / or outlet valves of all or only certain cylinders or, in the case of a four-valve cylinder head, of first and second inlet and / or outlet valves.
- the linear actuator is preferably designed as an electromagnet with an armature guided in an axially movable manner in a coil body, the armature of which is rigidly connected to the shift rod.
- a two-wire cable is then required, which is led from an electronic control unit to the coil of the electromagnet.
- the linear actuator can, however, also be designed as a single-acting hydraulic or pneumatic actuating cylinder with a piston which is guided in an axially movable manner in a cylinder and whose piston is rigidly connected to the shift rod.
- a control pressure line connected to the pressure chamber of the actuating cylinder, which can be connected, for example, via a 3/2-way solenoid switching valve connected to an electronic control unit, alternately to a pressure supply line connected to a pressure medium source or to an unpressurized return or vent line.
- leaf springs are each pushed on and engaged in the manner of a locking washer a bore open at the end are fastened to the shift pin in an annular groove arranged at the axially outer end of the respective shift pin.
- the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the openings in the switching rod are preferably greater than the width and the thickness of the leaf springs.
- the leaf springs can therefore move in the openings of the shift rod with little wear when the internal combustion piston engine is in operation. Manufacturing tolerances in the arrangement of the openings in the shift rod and the entire shift rod can thus be compensated for in a simple manner by increasing the travel of the linear actuator.
- the adjusting device according to the invention thus makes relatively low demands on the accuracy in the manufacture and arrangement of the components and is therefore particularly inexpensive to manufacture.
- the switching rod is advantageously provided on its wider outer wall facing away from the rocker arms at each opening on the switching direction side with an arcuate spring clip, the free end of which protrudes longitudinally into the opening in question to elastically support the associated leaf spring.
- the leaf springs are supported elastically and longitudinally in the openings of the shift rod, which reduces mechanical wear on the contact surfaces and prevents the transmission of transverse forces to the shift pins of the rocker arms.
- the shift rod is preferably guided in an axially movable manner in several guide openings fixed to the housing in the cylinder head.
- At least some of these guide openings of the shift rod are preferably arranged in bearing caps of the associated camshaft, which greatly simplifies their manufacture compared to an arrangement in webs of the cylinder head that are fixed to the housing.
- the second exhaust valves of each cylinder are assigned to non-switchable rocker arms 11 for constant lift transfer.
- the exhaust camshaft 6 has a centrally arranged primary cam 7 for each of the first exhaust valves and two secondary cams 8 arranged on both sides of the primary cam 7.
- the exhaust camshaft 6 has only a single cam 9 for each of the second exhaust valves.
- the switchable rocker arms 10 each have a primary lever 14 and a secondary lever 19.
- the primary lever 14 is largely frame-shaped and supported on its underside at the end on a support element 12 with an integrated hydraulic valve lash adjuster (HVA) mounted on the housing side and at the other end on the valve stem of the associated first outlet valve.
- HVA hydraulic valve lash adjuster
- an axially moveable coupling bolt guided in a transverse bore 16 of the primary lever 14 is provided which, via a switching bolt 25 axially displaceably mounted in a transverse bore 24 of the secondary lever 19, counteracts the restoring force of a spring element 18 designed as a helical spring is displaceable in an opposite coupling bore 28 of the secondary lever 19.
- the shift pin 25 protrudes with its outer axial end 26 from the secondary lever 19 and is in an actuating connection there via an upwardly directed rod-shaped connecting element 29 with a shift rod 34 of an actuating device 30.
- the connecting elements 29 of the switchable rocker arms 10 are in the present case designed as leaf springs and are fastened to the associated switching pin 25 in the manner of a locking washer and inserting its end-open bore into an annular groove formed at the axial end 26 of the switching pin 25.
- the switching rod 34 is in the present case designed as a flat bar, which is arranged with its wider outer walls 35 at right angles to the switching pin 25 of the switchable rocker arm 10, and which is preferably made as a stamped component from a sheet steel or light metal sheet.
- the shift rod 34 is guided so as to be axially movable in a plurality of guide openings 38 in the camshaft carrier 2 which are fixed to the housing and which, in the present case, are arranged in the bearing caps 5 of the exhaust camshaft 6.
- the connecting elements 29, designed as leaf springs, of the switchable rocker arms 10 each engage, with play, in a slot-shaped opening 36 of the switching rod 34, the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of which are greater than the width and the thickness of these connecting elements 29 Move in the openings 36 of the shift rod 34 with little wear.
- manufacturing tolerances in the arrangement of the openings 36 in the shift rod 34 and the entire shift rod 34 can be compensated for in a simple manner by an increased travel of the linear actuator 31.
- the switching rod 34 On its wider outer wall 35 facing away from the rocker arms 10, 11, the switching rod 34 is provided with an arcuate spring clip 37 on the switching direction side at each opening 36, the free end of which protrudes longitudinally into the relevant opening 36 for elastic support of the associated leaf spring 29.
- the leaf springs 29 are supported elastically and longitudinally displaceably in the openings 36 of the shift rod 34, which reduces mechanical wear on the contact surfaces and prevents the transmission of transverse forces to the shift pins 25 of the shiftable rocker arms 10.
- Fig. 1 the switching rod 34 of the actuating device 30 is shown in its rest position 39, in which the secondary levers 19 of the switchable rocker arms 10 are decoupled from the primary levers 14.
- This decoupled switching state of a switchable rocker arm 10, in which the coupling bolt 17 is located completely within the transverse bore 16 of the primary lever 14, is particularly good in the cross-sectional view of FIG Figure 1b recognizable.
- the uncoupled state of the primary lever 14 and the secondary lever 19 when the exhaust camshaft 6 rotates, only the stroke profile of the relevant primary cam 7 is transmitted via the primary lever 14 of the switchable rocker arm 10 to the associated first exhaust valve.
- the stroke profile of the relevant secondary cams 8 then only ensures a compression of the secondary lever 19 in relation to the primary lever 14.
- the switching rod 34 of the actuating device 30 is shown in its switching position 41, into which it is shifted by actuation of the linear actuator 31 in the switching direction indicated by a directional arrow 40.
- the switching position 41 of the switching rod 34 the coupling pins 17 of those rocker arms 10, the primary and secondary cams 7, 8 of which are tapped by the roller 15 of the primary lever 14 and the sliding surfaces 23 of the web sections 22 of the secondary lever 19 just in the base circle radius, via the respective leaf spring 29 and the relevant switching pin 25 are immediately moved into the associated coupling bore 28 of the secondary lever 19, since the transverse bore 24 and the coupling bore 28 of the secondary lever 19 are then aligned with the transverse bore 16 of the primary lever 14.
- the secondary levers 19 of the rocker arms 10 in question are then coupled to the primary lever 14 in question (see FIG Figure 2b ).
- the actuating device 30 according to the invention with the rocker arms 10 which can be switched purely mechanically, has a significantly simpler and more space-saving design and can be manufactured more cost-effectively.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen variablen Ventiltrieb eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors mit mindestens einem funktionsgleichen Gaswechselventil pro Zylinder, dessen Ventilhub jeweils durch mindestens einen Primärnocken und einen Sekundärnocken einer Nockenwelle vorgegeben sowie mittels eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels, der einen Primärhebel und einen Sekundärhebel aufweist, selektiv auf mindestens ein zugeordnetes Gaswechselventil übertragbar ist, wobei der jeweilige Primärhebel mit seinem einen Ende an einem zugeordneten, gehäuseseitig gelagerten Abstützelement sowie mit seinem anderen Ende an dem Ventilschaft des zugeordneten Gaswechselventils abgestützt ist, wobei dem der jeweilige Primärhebel zwischen seinen beiden Enden mit dem zugeordneten Primärnocken in Abgriffkontakt ist, und bei dem der Sekundärhebel jeweils schwenkbar an dem Primärhebel gelagert ist, mit dem zugeordneten Sekundärnocken in Abgriffkontakt ist, und mittels eines durch eine Stellvorrichtung verstellbaren Koppelelements mit dem Primärhebel koppelbar ist.The invention relates to a variable valve drive of an internal combustion piston engine with at least one functionally identical gas exchange valve per cylinder, the valve lift of which is predetermined by at least one primary cam and a secondary cam of a camshaft and can be selectively transferred to at least one associated gas exchange valve by means of a switchable rocker arm, which has a primary lever and a secondary lever is, wherein the respective primary lever is supported with its one end on an associated support element mounted on the housing and with its other end on the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve, the respective primary lever being in tap contact between its two ends with the associated primary cam, and at which the secondary lever is pivotably mounted on the primary lever, is in tap contact with the associated secondary cam, and by means of a coupling element that can be adjusted by an adjusting device can be coupled to the primary lever.
Schaltbare Ventiltriebe von Verbrennungskolbenmotoren sind in unterschiedlichen Bauarten bekannt. So können Ventiltriebe einzelner Zylinder oder Gruppen von Zylindern eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors durch eine Abschaltung des übertragbaren Ventilhubs deaktiviert und damit in Verbindung mit einer Abschaltung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung für die betreffenden Zylinder der Kraftstoffverbrauch sowie die CO2- und Schadstoffemissionen des Verbrennungskolbenmotors im Teillastbetrieb gesenkt werden. Andererseits können die durch Ventiltriebe von Einlass- und/oder Auslassventilen eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors übertragbaren zeitlichen Hubverläufe durch eine Hubumschaltung geändert und damit in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsparametern, wie der Motordrehzahl und der Motorlast, an den aktuellen Betriebszustand des Verbrennungskolbenmotors angepasst werden, wodurch die Motorleistung und das Drehmoment erhöht sowie der spezifische Kraftstoffverbrauch des Verbrennungskolbenmotors verringert werden können.Switchable valve trains of internal combustion piston engines are known in different designs. For example, valve trains of individual cylinders or groups of cylinders of an internal combustion piston engine can be deactivated by switching off the transferable valve lift and thus, in conjunction with switching off the fuel injection for the cylinder in question, the fuel consumption as well as the CO 2 and pollutant emissions of the internal combustion piston engine can be reduced in partial load operation. On the other hand, the stroke curves over time that can be transmitted through the valve trains of inlet and / or outlet valves of a reciprocating internal combustion engine can be changed by switching the stroke and thus adapted to the current operating state of the reciprocating internal combustion engine as a function of operating parameters such as the engine speed and the engine load. whereby the engine output and the torque can be increased and the specific fuel consumption of the reciprocating internal combustion engine can be reduced.
Bei abschaltbaren Ventiltrieben sind üblicherweise jeweils zwei relativ zueinander verschiebbare oder verdrehbare Bauteile eines schaltbaren Hubübertragungselementes vorgesehen, von denen das eine Bauteil mit dem zugeordneten Nocken einer Nockenwelle und das andere Bauteil mit dem Ventilschaft des zugeordneten Gaswechselventils in Stellverbindung steht. Beide Bauteile sind über ein zumeist als Koppelbolzen ausgeführtes Koppelelement miteinander koppelbar oder entkoppelbar. Im gekoppelten Zustand wird der Ventilhub des zugeordneten Nockens auf das betreffende Gaswechselventil übertragen, im entkoppelten Zustand dagegen nicht, so dass das Gaswechselventil dann geschlossen bleibt. Der Koppelbolzen ist üblicherweise axialbeweglich in einer Bohrung des einen Bauteils geführt und in eine Koppelbohrung des anderen Bauteils verschiebbar. Mittels eines Federelementes wird der Koppelbolzen in einer Ruhestellung gehalten und durch die Beaufschlagung mit einer Stellkraft gegen die Rückstellkraft des Federelementes in eine Betätigungsstellung verschoben und dort festgehalten. Bei abschaltbaren Ventiltrieben entspricht die Ruhestellung des Koppelbolzens üblicherweise dem gekoppelten Zustand der Bauteile des Hubübertragungselementes und die Betätigungsstellung dem entkoppelten Zustand der Bauteile. Bei den abschaltbaren Hubübertragungselementen kann es sich um abschaltbare Tassenstößel, Rollenstößel, Kipphebel, Schlepphebel oder Abstützelemente handeln.In the case of disengageable valve trains, two relatively displaceable or rotatable components of a switchable stroke transmission element are usually provided, one component of which is in actuating connection with the associated cam of a camshaft and the other component with the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve. Both components can be coupled or decoupled to one another via a coupling element, which is mostly designed as a coupling bolt. In the coupled state, the valve lift of the associated cam is transmitted to the gas exchange valve in question, but not in the decoupled state, so that the gas exchange valve then remains closed. The coupling bolt is usually guided in an axially movable manner in a bore of one component and can be displaced into a coupling bore of the other component. The coupling bolt is held in a rest position by means of a spring element and, by the application of an actuating force, is displaced against the restoring force of the spring element into an actuating position and held there. In the case of valve drives that can be switched off, the rest position of the coupling bolt usually corresponds to the coupled state of the components of the stroke transmission element and the actuating position corresponds to the decoupled state of the components. The disengageable stroke transmission elements can be disconnectable bucket tappets, roller tappets, rocker arms, rocker arms or support elements.
Bei umschaltbaren Ventiltrieben sind jeweils mindestens zwei relativ zueinander verschiebbare oder verdrehbare Bauteile eines schaltbaren Hubübertragungselementes vorgesehen, von denen das eine Bauteil mit einem zugeordneten Primärnocken einer Nockenwelle mit einem bestimmten Ventilhub sowie mit dem Ventilschaft des zugeordneten Gaswechselventils gekoppelt ist, und das andere Bauteil mit einem zugeordneten Sekundärnocken der Nockenwelle mit einem größerem Ventilhub oder mit einem Zusatzhub in Stellverbindung ist. Beide Bauteile sind über ein meistens als Koppelbolzen ausgeführtes Koppelelement miteinander koppelbar oder entkoppelbar. Im entkoppelten Zustand wird der Ventilhub des Primärnockens auf das betreffende Gaswechselventil übertragen, im gekoppelten Zustand wird dagegen der Ventilhub des Sekundärnockens auf das Gaswechselventil übertragen. Auch hier ist der Koppelbolzen üblicherweise axialbeweglich in einer Bohrung des einen Bauteils geführt und in eine Koppelbohrung des anderen Bauteils verschiebbar. Mittels eines Federelementes wird der Koppelbolzen in einer Ruhestellung gehalten sowie durch eine Beaufschlagung mit einer Stellkraft gegen die Rückstellkraft des Federelementes in eine Betätigungsstellung verschoben und dort festgehalten. Bei umschaltbaren Ventiltrieben entspricht die Ruhestellung des Koppelbolzens meistens dem entkoppelten Zustand der Bauteile des Hubübertragungselementes und die Betätigungsstellung dem gekoppelten Zustand der Bauteile. Bei solchen umschaltbaren Hubübertragungselementen handelt es sich beispielsweise um umschaltbare Tassenstößel, umschaltbare Kipphebel oder umschaltbare Schlepphebel.In the case of switchable valve trains, at least two relatively displaceable or rotatable components of a switchable stroke transmission element are provided, of which one component is coupled to an associated primary cam of a camshaft with a specific valve lift and to the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve, and the other component is coupled to an associated one Secondary cam of the camshaft is in control connection with a larger valve lift or with an additional lift. Both components can be coupled or decoupled with one another via a coupling element, which is usually designed as a coupling bolt. In the decoupled state, the valve lift of the primary cam is transferred to the gas exchange valve in question, im In the coupled state, on the other hand, the valve lift of the secondary cam is transmitted to the gas exchange valve. Here, too, the coupling bolt is usually guided in an axially movable manner in a bore in one component and can be displaced into a coupling bore in the other component. The coupling bolt is held in a rest position by means of a spring element and is moved into an actuating position and held there by applying an actuating force against the restoring force of the spring element. In the case of switchable valve drives, the rest position of the coupling pin mostly corresponds to the decoupled state of the components of the stroke transmission element and the actuating position corresponds to the coupled state of the components. Such switchable stroke transmission elements are, for example, switchable bucket tappets, switchable rocker arms or switchable rocker arms.
Die Verstellung von Koppelelementen schaltbarer Hubübertragungselemente erfolgt üblicherweise hydraulisch, indem eine zu Druckräumen der Koppelelemente führende Schaltdruckleitung zum Beispiel über ein Magnetschaltventil wechselweise mit einer Öldruckquelle verbunden oder drucklos geschaltet wird. Eine bekannte Ausführung eines mit einem hydraulisch verstellbaren Koppelbolzen versehenen schaltbaren Schlepphebels, der in einem Verbrennungskolbenmotor zur Hubabschaltung eines Gaswechselventils vorgesehen ist, offenbart die
Sollen Gaswechselventile eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors gruppenweise selektiv abgeschaltet oder umgeschaltet werden, so sind bei einer hydraulischen Verstellung der Koppelelemente getrennte Schaltdruckleitungen mit jeweils einem zugeordneten Schaltventil erforderlich. Eine entsprechende hydraulische Stellvorrichtung zur gruppenweise selektiven Verstellung der Koppelelemente eines variablen Ventiltriebs bei einem Verbrennungskolbenmotor mit zwei Einlassventilen und zwei Auslassventilen pro Zylinder ist beispielsweise in der
Die Verstellung von Koppelelementen schaltbarer Hubübertragungselemente kann jedoch auch elektromagnetisch erfolgen, indem die Koppelelemente jeweils mit einem Elektromagneten in Wirkverbindung stehen, und die Elektromagnete wechselweise bestromt oder stromlos geschaltet werden. Eine bekannte Ausführung eines mit einem elektromagnetisch verstellbaren Koppelbolzen versehenen schaltbaren Schlepphebels, der in einem Verbrennungskolbenmotor zur Hubabschaltung eines Gaswechselventils vorgesehen ist, kann der
Dagegen ist in der nicht vorveröffentlichten
Weitere schaltbare Schlepphebel mit parallel und quer zur Längserstreckung desselben ausgerichteten Koppelbolzen sind aus der
Schließlich ist aus der
Die Betätigung der Koppelbolzen erfolgt mittels einer Stellvorrichtung, welche eine Schaltstange aufweist, die parallel zur Nockenwelle der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnet sowie von einem Aktuator linear verschiebbar ist. An der Schaltstange sind für jedes Paar von Primärhebel und Sekundärhebel zwei axiale Anschläge befestigt. Zwischen jeweils zwei Anschlägen ist eine Führungshülse auf der Schaltstange angeordnet, welche zwischen den beiden Anschlägen einseitig mittels einer Druckfeder in Schaltrichtung federbelastet auf der Schaltstange verschiebbar ist. Von der jeweiligen Führungshülse erstreckt sich einstückig ein Arm, welcher in Betätigungskontakt mit der freien Stirnseite des erwähnten Koppelbolzens ist. Die jeweiligen Arme der jeweiligen Führungshülsen sind dabei als starre metallische Hebel ausgebildet. Der Koppelbolzen ist mittels einer Druckfeder in seine Entkopplungsstellung rückstellbar.The coupling bolts are actuated by means of an adjusting device which has a shift rod which is arranged parallel to the camshaft of the internal combustion engine and can be linearly displaced by an actuator. Two axial stops are attached to the shift rod for each pair of primary lever and secondary lever. Between two stops, a guide sleeve is arranged on the shift rod, which can be shifted on one side between the two stops by means of a compression spring in the shifting direction, spring-loaded on the shift rod. An arm extends in one piece from the respective guide sleeve and is in actuating contact with the free end face of the coupling bolt mentioned. The respective arms of the respective guide sleeves are designed as rigid metallic levers. The coupling bolt can be returned to its decoupling position by means of a compression spring.
Wenn die Schaltstange in Schaltrichtung verschoben ist, werden bei den gerade schaltbaren Hebelpaaren die Sekundärhebel sofort mit den Primärhebeln gekoppelt. Bei den gerade nicht schaltbaren Hebelpaaren werden die Koppelbolzen durch die Spannung der betreffenden Druckfedern in Schaltrichtung mit einer Kraft vorgespannt. Die Kopplung der Sekundärhebel mit den Primärhebeln erfolgt jeweils dann, wenn die betreffenden beiden Nocken der zugeordneten Nockenwelle im Grundkreis abgegriffen werden und die Quer- und Koppelbohrungen zueinander fluchten.When the shift rod is shifted in the shifting direction, the secondary levers are immediately coupled to the primary levers in the lever pairs that can be shifted. In the case of the pairs of levers that cannot be switched at the moment, the coupling bolts are Tension of the relevant compression springs in the switching direction with a force. The coupling of the secondary levers to the primary levers occurs when the two cams in question of the associated camshaft are tapped in the base circle and the transverse and coupling bores are aligned with one another.
Da die Anordnung separater hydraulischer Schaltdruckleitungen oder elektrischer Schaltleitungen in einem Zylinderkopf eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors aufgrund beengter Platzverhältnisse relativ schwierig und aufwendig ist sowie der aus der
Diese Aufgabe ist in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 dadurch gelöst, dass das jeweilige Koppelelement der schaltbaren Schlepphebel jeweils als ein axialbeweglich in einer Querbohrung des Primärhebels geführter Koppelbolzen ausgebildet sind, dass das Koppelelement mittels eines in einer Querbohrung des Sekundärhebels axialbeweglich gelagerten Schaltbolzen gegen die Rückstellkraft eines Federelementes in eine gegenüberliegende Koppelbohrung des Sekundärhebels verschiebbar ist, dass der jeweilige Schaltbolzen mit seinem axial äußeren Ende aus dem Sekundärhebel herausragt, dass dieses axial äußere Ende des Schaltbolzens mit einem stabförmigen Verbindungselement verbunden ist, welches seinerseits mit einer Schaltstange in Stellverbindung gekoppelt ist, dass die Schaltstange oberhalb des jeweiligen Schlepphebels parallel zu der zugeordneten Nockenwelle angeordnet ist, dass die Schaltstange mittels eines Linearaktuators gegen die Rückstellkraft eines Federelementes aus einer Ruhestellung in eine Schaltstellung längsverschiebbar ist, und dass die Verbindungselemente der schaltbaren Schlepphebel als Blattfedern ausgebildet sind.This object is achieved in connection with the features of the preamble of
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Advantageous refinements and developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung geht demnach aus von einem an sich bekannten variablen Ventiltrieb eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors aus, der mindestens ein funktionsgleiches Gaswechselventil pro Zylinder aufweist. Bei den funktionsgleichen Gaswechselventilen kann es sich um Einlassventile oder Auslassventile handeln. Der Ventilhub dieser funktionsgleichen Gaswechselventile ist jeweils durch mindestens einen Primärnocken und einen Sekundärnocken einer Nockenwelle vorgegeben sowie mittels eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels, der einen Primärhebel und einen Sekundärhebel aufweist, selektiv auf mindestens ein zugeordnetes Gaswechselventil übertragbar. Der Primärhebel ist jeweils endseitig an einem gehäuseseitig gelagerten Abstützelement und gegenüberliegend an dem Ventilschaft des zugeordneten Gaswechselventils abgestützt, und er ist dazwischen, zum Beispiel über eine drehbar gelagerte Rolle, mit dem zugeordneten Primärnocken in Abgriffkontakt. Der Sekundärhebel ist jeweils schwenkbar an dem Primärhebel gelagert, er steht zum Beispiel über mindestens eine Gleitfläche mit dem zugeordneten Sekundärnocken in Abgriffkontakt, und er ist mittels eines durch eine Stellvorrichtung verstellbaren Koppelelements mit dem Primärhebel koppelbar. Im gekoppelten Zustand des Schlepphebels wird der Hubverlauf des Sekundärnockens, der üblicherweise eine größere Hubhöhe als der Primärnocken aufweist oder einen Zusatzhub ausübt, auf das zugeordnete Gaswechselventil übertragen. Bei dem Zusatzhub kann es sich zum Beispiel um einen Nachhub zur Abgasrückführung oder um einen Dekompressionshub im Arbeitstakt zur Erhöhung der Motorbremswirkung handeln.The invention is therefore based on a per se known variable valve drive of an internal combustion piston engine which has at least one functionally identical gas exchange valve per cylinder. The gas exchange valves with the same function can be inlet valves or outlet valves. The valve lift of these functionally identical gas exchange valves is predetermined by at least one primary cam and a secondary cam of a camshaft and can be selectively transferred to at least one associated gas exchange valve by means of a switchable rocker arm, which has a primary lever and a secondary lever. The primary lever is supported at the end on a support element mounted on the housing side and on the opposite side on the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve, and in between, for example via a rotatably mounted roller, it is in tap contact with the associated primary cam. The secondary lever is pivotably mounted on the primary lever, for example it is in tap contact with the associated secondary cam via at least one sliding surface, and it can be coupled to the primary lever by means of a coupling element that can be adjusted by an adjusting device. In the coupled state of the rocker arm, the stroke profile of the secondary cam, which usually has a greater stroke height than the primary cam or exerts an additional stroke, is transferred to the associated gas exchange valve. The additional stroke can be, for example, a post-stroke for exhaust gas recirculation or a decompression stroke in the work cycle to increase the engine braking effect.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist bei diesem variablen Ventiltrieb vorgesehen, dass das jeweilige Koppelelement der schaltbaren Schlepphebel jeweils als ein axialbeweglich in einer Querbohrung des Primärhebels geführter Koppelbolzen ausgebildet sind, dass das Koppelelement mittels eines in einer Querbohrung des Sekundärhebels axialbeweglich gelagerten Schaltbolzen gegen die Rückstellkraft eines Federelementes in eine gegenüberliegende Koppelbohrung des Sekundärhebels verschiebbar ist, dass der jeweilige Schaltbolzen mit seinem axial äußeren Ende aus dem Sekundärhebel herausragt, dass dieses axial äußere Ende des Schaltbolzens mit einem stabförmigen Verbindungselement verbunden ist, welches seinerseits mit einer Schaltstange in Stellverbindung gekoppelt ist, dass die Schaltstange oberhalb des jeweiligen Schlepphebels parallel zu der zugeordneten Nockenwelle angeordnet ist, dass die Schaltstange mittels eines Linearaktuators gegen die Rückstellkraft eines Federelementes aus einer Ruhestellung in eine Schaltstellung längsverschiebbar ist, und dass die Verbindungselemente der schaltbaren Schlepphebel, mit denen deren Schaltbolzen betätigbar sind, als Blattfedern ausgebildet sind.According to the invention, it is provided in this variable valve drive that the respective coupling element of the switchable rocker arms are each designed as an axially movable coupling bolt guided in a transverse bore of the primary lever an opposite coupling bore of the secondary lever is displaceable, that the respective shift pin protrudes with its axially outer end from the secondary lever, that this axially outer end of the shift pin is connected to a rod-shaped connecting element, which in turn with a shift rod is coupled in an actuating connection, that the shift rod is arranged above the respective rocker arm parallel to the associated camshaft, that the shift rod can be longitudinally displaced from a rest position into a shift position by means of a linear actuator against the restoring force of a spring element, and that the connecting elements of the switchable rocker arms, with which the switching pins can be actuated, are designed as leaf springs.
Um alternativ zu einer hydraulischen Umschaltung der Schlepphebel mit separaten, zu den Schlepphebeln geführten Schaltdruckleitungen oder einer elektromagnetischen Umschaltung der Schlepphebel mit separaten, zu den innerhalb oder außerhalb der Schlepphebel angeordneten Elektromagneten geführten elektrischen Schaltleitungen eine Umschaltung der Schlepphebel der funktionsgleichen Gaswechselventile zu ermöglichen, sind die Koppelelemente der schaltbaren Schlepphebel jeweils als ein axialbeweglich in einer Querbohrung des Primärhebels geführter Koppelbolzen ausgebildet, der mittels eines in einer Querbohrung des Sekundärhebels axialbeweglich gelagerten Schaltbolzen gegen die Rückstellkraft eines Federelementes in eine gegenüberliegende Koppelbohrung des Sekundärhebels verschiebbar ist. Die Querbohrungen in den Primärhebeln und den Sekundärhebeln der Schlepphebel sowie die darin geführten Koppel- und Schaltbolzen sind somit parallel zu der zugeordneten Nockenwelle ausgerichtet. Jeder Schaltbolzen ragt mit seinem axial äußeren Ende aus dem Sekundärhebel heraus und ist an diesem über ein nach oben gerichtetes stabförmiges Verbindungselement mit einer Schaltstange in Stellverbindung, welche oberhalb der Schlepphebel parallel zu der zugeordneten Nockenwelle angeordnet sowie über einen Linearaktuator gegen die Rückstellkraft eines Federelementes aus einer Ruhestellung in eine Schaltstellung längsverschiebbar ist.As an alternative to a hydraulic switchover of the rocker arms with separate switching pressure lines routed to the rocker arms or an electromagnetic switchover of the rocker arms with separate electrical switch lines routed inside or outside the rocker arms, the rocker arms of the functionally identical gas exchange valves can be switched over the switchable rocker arm is each designed as a coupling bolt axially movably guided in a transverse bore of the primary lever, which can be displaced against the restoring force of a spring element into an opposite coupling bore of the secondary lever by means of a switching bolt that is axially movably mounted in a transverse bore of the secondary lever. The transverse bores in the primary levers and the secondary levers of the rocker arms as well as the coupling and switching pins guided therein are thus aligned parallel to the associated camshaft. Each switching pin protrudes with its axially outer end from the secondary lever and is on this via an upwardly directed rod-shaped connecting element with a switching rod in control connection, which is arranged above the rocker arm parallel to the associated camshaft and a linear actuator against the restoring force of a spring element from a Rest position is longitudinally displaceable in a switching position.
Die Verbindungselemente der schaltbaren Schlepphebel sind erfindungsgemäß als Blattfedern ausgebildet, so dass diese bei einer aktuatorischen Axialverschiebung der Schaltstange dann eine Vorspannkraft an dem zugeordneten Schaltbolzen aufbauen, wenn der Primärhebel und der Sekundärhebel eines Schaltschlepphebels aufgrund deren Stellung zueinander gerade nicht miteinander gekoppelt werden können. Diese Vorspannkraft an dem als Blattfeder ausgebildeten Verbindungselement wird dann durch eine Axialverschiebung des zugeordneten Schaltbolzens abgebaut, sobald der Primärhebel und der Sekundärhebel des Schaltschlepphebels dazu in der richtigen Verschwenkungsstellung zueinander ausgerichtet sind.According to the invention, the connecting elements of the switchable rocker arms are designed as leaf springs, so that when the shift rod is axially displaced by an actuator, they then build up a pretensioning force on the assigned shift pin when the primary lever and the secondary lever of a shift finger lever cannot be coupled to one another due to their position with respect to one another. This biasing force on the designed as a leaf spring The connecting element is then dismantled by an axial displacement of the associated shift bolt as soon as the primary lever and the secondary lever of the shift lever are aligned with one another in the correct pivoted position.
Die Stellvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen der Erfindung weist somit nur einen einzigen Aktuator auf, mittels dem die betreffenden schaltbaren Schlepphebel von der Ruhestellung, in welcher der Sekundärhebel von dem Primärhebel entkoppelt ist, in die Schaltstellung, in welcher der Sekundärhebel mit dem Primärhebel gekoppelt ist, umschaltbar sind. Der Linearaktuator kann in Längsrichtung der Schaltstange an einer geeigneten Stelle an dem Zylinderkopf angeordnet und befestigt werden, an der der erforderliche Bauraum dafür zur Verfügung steht, und zu der die zur Betätigung erforderliche Energiezufuhr günstig realisierbar ist. Im Vergleich zu einer Stellanordnung mit separaten hydraulischen oder elektromagnetischen Aktuatoren, die innerhalb oder außerhalb der schaltbaren Schlepphebel angeordnet sein können, ist die erfindungsgemäße Stellvorrichtung mit den rein mechanisch schaltbaren Schlepphebeln deutlich einfacher und Platz sparender aufgebaut sowie kostengünstiger herstellbar. Am Zylinderkopf eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors können auch mehrere derartiger Stellvorrichtungen angeordnet werden, um mehrere Gruppen funktionsgleicher Gaswechselventile, wie Einlassventile und/oder Auslassventile aller oder nur bestimmter Zylinder beziehungsweise bei einem Vierventilzylinderkopf von ersten und zweiten Einlass- und/oder Auslassventilen selektiv umschalten zu können.The actuating device with the features of the invention thus has only a single actuator by means of which the switchable rocker arms in question can be switched from the rest position in which the secondary lever is decoupled from the primary lever into the switching position in which the secondary lever is coupled to the primary lever are. The linear actuator can be arranged and fastened in the longitudinal direction of the shift rod at a suitable point on the cylinder head at which the required installation space is available and for which the energy supply required for actuation can be implemented inexpensively. Compared to an actuating arrangement with separate hydraulic or electromagnetic actuators, which can be arranged inside or outside the switchable rocker arms, the actuating device according to the invention with the purely mechanically switchable rocker arms is much simpler and more space-saving and can be manufactured more cost-effectively. Several such actuating devices can also be arranged on the cylinder head of an internal combustion piston engine in order to be able to selectively switch several groups of functionally identical gas exchange valves, such as inlet valves and / or outlet valves of all or only certain cylinders or, in the case of a four-valve cylinder head, of first and second inlet and / or outlet valves.
Der Linearaktuator ist bevorzugt als ein Elektromagnet mit einem in einem Spulenkörper axialbeweglich geführten Anker ausgebildet, dessen Anker starr mit der Schaltstange verbunden ist. Für die Ansteuerung und die Energieversorgung des Linearaktuators ist dann nur ein zweiadriges Kabel erforderlich, das von einem elektronischen Steuergerät an die Spule des Elektromagneten geführt ist.The linear actuator is preferably designed as an electromagnet with an armature guided in an axially movable manner in a coil body, the armature of which is rigidly connected to the shift rod. For the control and the energy supply of the linear actuator, only a two-wire cable is then required, which is led from an electronic control unit to the coil of the electromagnet.
Der Linearaktuator kann jedoch auch als ein einfachwirkender hydraulischer oder pneumatischer Stellzylinder mit einem in einem Zylinder axialbeweglich geführten Kolben ausgebildet sein, dessen Kolben starr mit der Schaltstange verbunden ist. Für die Ansteuerung und die Energieversorgung des Linearaktuators ist bei dieser Ausführung eine an den Druckraum des Stellzylinders angeschlossene Stelldruckleitung erforderlich, die zum Beispiel über ein an ein elektronisches Steuergerät angeschlossenes 3/2-Wege-Magnetschaltventil wechselweise mit einer an eine Druckmittelquelle angeschlossenen Druckversorgungsleitung oder mit einer drucklosen Rückfluss- oder Entlüftungsleitung verbindbar ist.The linear actuator can, however, also be designed as a single-acting hydraulic or pneumatic actuating cylinder with a piston which is guided in an axially movable manner in a cylinder and whose piston is rigidly connected to the shift rod. For the control and the energy supply of the linear actuator is with this Execution requires a control pressure line connected to the pressure chamber of the actuating cylinder, which can be connected, for example, via a 3/2-way solenoid switching valve connected to an electronic control unit, alternately to a pressure supply line connected to a pressure medium source or to an unpressurized return or vent line.
Die Schaltstange ist bevorzugt als ein Flachstab ausgebildet, der mit seinen breiteren Außenwänden rechtwinklig zu den Schaltbolzen der schaltbaren Schlepphebel angeordnet ist. Durch die breiteren Außenwände weist die Schaltstange genügend Bauraum zur mechanischen Ankopplung der stabförmigen Verbindungselemente der schaltbaren Schlepphebel auf.The switching rod is preferably designed as a flat bar, which is arranged with its wider outer walls at right angles to the switching pin of the switchable rocker arm. Due to the wider outer walls, the switch rod has enough space for mechanical coupling of the rod-shaped connecting elements of the switchable rocker arms.
Zudem besteht dadurch die Möglichkeit, die Schaltstange einfach und kostengünstig als ein Stanzbauteil aus einem Stahlblech oder einem Leichtmetallblech herzustellen.In addition, this makes it possible to produce the shift rod simply and inexpensively as a stamped component from a sheet steel or a light metal sheet.
Die Verbindungselemente der schaltbaren Schlepphebel sind jeweils weitgehend starr an dem äußeren Ende des zugeordneten Schaltbolzens befestigt und sie greifen jeweils in eine schlitzförmige Öffnung in der Schaltstange ein. Somit kann die Umschaltung der Schlepphebel durch die Axialverschiebung der Schaltstange jederzeit und unabhängig von der aktuellen Drehposition der zugeordneten Nockenwelle eingeleitet werden. An denjenigen Schlepphebeln, deren Primär- und Sekundärnocken gerade von den Primär- und Sekundärhebeln im Grundkreisradius abgegriffen werden, erfolgt die Umschaltung der Schlepphebel sofort. An denjenigen Schlepphebeln, deren Primär- und Sekundärnocken gerade außerhalb des Grundkreisradius abgegriffen werden, werden die betreffenden Blattfedern in Schaltrichtung vorgespannt, und die Umschaltung der betreffenden Schlepphebel erfolgt dann, wenn die zugeordneten Nocken aufgrund einer entsprechenden Drehung der Nockenwelle im Grundkreisradius abgegriffen werden.The connecting elements of the switchable rocker arms are each largely rigidly attached to the outer end of the associated switch pin and they each engage in a slot-shaped opening in the switch rod. The switchover of the rocker arms can thus be initiated at any time and independently of the current rotational position of the associated camshaft by the axial displacement of the shift rod. At those rocker arms whose primary and secondary cams are currently being tapped by the primary and secondary levers in the base circle radius, the rocker arms are switched over immediately. On those rocker arms whose primary and secondary cams are picked up just outside the base circle radius, the leaf springs in question are preloaded in the switching direction, and the rocker arms in question are switched over when the associated cams are picked up due to a corresponding rotation of the camshaft in the base circle radius.
Um eine einfache Montage zu gewährleisten, ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Blattfedern nach Art einer Sicherungsscheibe jeweils durch Aufstecken und Eingriff einer endseitig offenen Bohrung in eine an dem axial äußeren Ende des jeweiligen Schaltbolzens angeordnete Ringnut an dem Schaltbolzen befestigt sind.In order to ensure simple assembly, it is preferably provided that the leaf springs are each pushed on and engaged in the manner of a locking washer a bore open at the end are fastened to the shift pin in an annular groove arranged at the axially outer end of the respective shift pin.
Zum Ausgleich der Kippbewegungen der Schlepphebel und von Fertigungstoleranzen sind die Quer- und Längsabmessungen der Öffnungen in der Schaltstange bevorzugt größer als die Breite und die Dicke der Blattfedern. Die Blattfedern können sich somit beim Betrieb des Verbrennungskolbenmotors verschleißarm in den Öffnungen der Schaltstange bewegen. Fertigungstoleranzen bei der Anordnung der Öffnungen in der Schaltstange und der gesamten Schaltstange können dadurch auf einfache Weise durch einen vergrößerten Stellweg des Linearaktuators ausgeglichen werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Stellvorrichtung stellt somit relativ geringe Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit bei der Fertigung sowie Anordnung der Bauteile und ist daher besonders kostengünstig herstellbar.To compensate for the tilting movements of the rocker arms and manufacturing tolerances, the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the openings in the switching rod are preferably greater than the width and the thickness of the leaf springs. The leaf springs can therefore move in the openings of the shift rod with little wear when the internal combustion piston engine is in operation. Manufacturing tolerances in the arrangement of the openings in the shift rod and the entire shift rod can thus be compensated for in a simple manner by increasing the travel of the linear actuator. The adjusting device according to the invention thus makes relatively low demands on the accuracy in the manufacture and arrangement of the components and is therefore particularly inexpensive to manufacture.
Die Schaltstange ist vorteilhaft an ihrer von den Schlepphebeln abgewandten breiteren Außenwand an jeder Öffnung schaltrichtungsseitig mit einem bogenförmigen Federclip versehen, dessen freies Ende zur elastischen Abstützung der zugeordneten Blattfeder in Längsrichtung in die betreffende Öffnung hineinragt. Hierdurch werden die Blattfedern in den Öffnungen der Schaltstange elastisch sowie längsverschiebbar abgestützt, wodurch der mechanische Verschleiß an den Kontaktflächen reduziert und die Übertragung von Querkräften auf die Schaltbolzen der Schlepphebel vermieden wird.The switching rod is advantageously provided on its wider outer wall facing away from the rocker arms at each opening on the switching direction side with an arcuate spring clip, the free end of which protrudes longitudinally into the opening in question to elastically support the associated leaf spring. As a result, the leaf springs are supported elastically and longitudinally in the openings of the shift rod, which reduces mechanical wear on the contact surfaces and prevents the transmission of transverse forces to the shift pins of the rocker arms.
Um ein Auswandern oder Ausknicken der Schaltstange unter Belastung zu vermeiden, ist die Schaltstange vorzugsweise in mehreren gehäusefesten Führungsöffnungen des Zylinderkopfes axialbeweglich geführt.In order to prevent the shift rod from wandering or buckling under load, the shift rod is preferably guided in an axially movable manner in several guide openings fixed to the housing in the cylinder head.
Zumindest einige dieser Führungsöffnungen der Schaltstange sind bevorzugt in Lagerdeckeln der zugeordneten Nockenwelle angeordnet, wodurch deren Herstellung gegenüber einer Anordnung in gehäusefesten Stegen des Zylinderkopfes stark vereinfacht ist.At least some of these guide openings of the shift rod are preferably arranged in bearing caps of the associated camshaft, which greatly simplifies their manufacture compared to an arrangement in webs of the cylinder head that are fixed to the housing.
Zur Verdeutlichung der Erfindung ist der Beschreibung eine Zeichnung mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel beigefügt. In dieser zeigt
-
Fig. 1 eine bevorzugte Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Ventiltriebs eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors mit drei Zylindern und vier Gaswechselventilen pro Zylinder mit drei schaltbaren Schlepphebeln im nicht umgeschalteten Zustand in einer perspektivischen Übersichtsdarstellung, -
Fig. 1a einen Ausschnitt aus dem Ventiltrieb gemäßFig. 1 mit einer Längsansicht eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels im nicht umgeschalteten Zustand, -
Fig. 1b einen Ausschnitt des Ventiltriebs gemäßFig. 1 mit einer Querschnittsansicht eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels im nicht umgeschalteten Zustand, -
Fig. 1c einen Ausschnitt des Ventiltriebs gemäßFig. 1 mit einer Längsschnittansicht eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels im nicht umgeschalteten Zustand, -
Fig. 2 den erfindungsgemäßen Ventiltrieb eines Verbrennungskolbenmotors gemäßFig. 1 mit den drei schaltbaren Schlepphebeln im umgeschalteten Zustand in einer perspektivischen Übersichtsdarstellung, -
Fig. 2a einen Ausschnitt des Ventiltriebs gemäßFig. 2 mit einer Längsansicht eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels im umgeschalteten Zustand, -
Fig. 2b einen Ausschnitt des Ventiltriebs gemäßFig. 2 mit einer Querschnittsansicht eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels im umgeschalteten Zustand, -
Fig. 2c einen Ausschnitt des Ventiltriebs gemäßFig. 2 mit einer Längsschnittansicht eines schaltbaren Schlepphebels im umgeschalteten Zustand, -
Fig. 3a einen schaltbaren Schlepphebel des Ventiltriebs gemäßden Figuren 1 bis 2b in einer Seitenansicht, und -
Fig. 3b den schaltbaren Schlepphebel des Ventiltriebs gemäßden Figuren 1 bis 2b in einer perspektivischen Schrägansicht von oben.
-
Fig. 1 a preferred embodiment of a valve drive according to the invention of an internal combustion piston engine with three cylinders and four gas exchange valves per cylinder with three switchable rocker arms in the non-switched state in a perspective overview, -
Fig. 1a a section of the valve train according toFig. 1 with a longitudinal view of a switchable rocker arm in the non-switched state, -
Figure 1b a section of the valve train according toFig. 1 with a cross-sectional view of a switchable rocker arm in the non-switched state, -
Figure 1c a section of the valve train according toFig. 1 with a longitudinal sectional view of a switchable rocker arm in the non-switched state, -
Fig. 2 the valve train according to the invention of an internal combustion piston engine according toFig. 1 with the three switchable rocker arms in the switched state in a perspective overview, -
Fig. 2a a section of the valve train according toFig. 2 with a longitudinal view of a switchable rocker arm in the switched state, -
Figure 2b a section of the valve train according toFig. 2 with a cross-sectional view of a switchable rocker arm in the switched state, -
Figure 2c a section of the valve train according toFig. 2 with a longitudinal sectional view of a switchable rocker arm in the switched state, -
Fig. 3a a switchable rocker arm of the valve train according to theFigures 1 to 2b in a side view, and -
Figure 3b the switchable rocker arm of the valve train according to theFigures 1 to 2b in a perspective oblique view from above.
In der perspektivischen Übersichtsdarstellung von
Während die nicht abgebildeten ersten Auslassventile jedes Zylinders über zugeordnete schaltbare Schlepphebel 10 hinsichtlich ihres übertragbaren Hubverlaufs umschaltbar sind, sind den ebenfalls nicht abgebildeten zweiten Auslassventilen jedes Zylinders nicht-schaltbare Schlepphebel 11 für eine konstante Hubübertragung zugeordnet. Hierzu weist die Auslassnockenwelle 6 für die ersten Auslassventile jeweils einen mittig angeordneten Primärnocken 7 und zwei beidseitig des Primärnockens 7 angeordnete Sekundärnocken 8 auf. Für die zweiten Auslassventile weist die Auslassnockenwelle 6 dagegen jeweils nur einen einzigen Nocken 9 auf.While the first exhaust valves of each cylinder, not shown, can be switched via assigned
Die nicht näher dargestellten nicht-schaltbaren Schlepphebel 11 sind jeweils auf ihrer Unterseite endseitig an einem gehäuseseitig gelagerten Abstützelement 13 mit integriertem hydraulischen Ventilspielausgleichselement (HVA) und an ihrem anderen Ende an dem Ventilschaft des zugeordneten zweiten Auslassventils abgestützt. Zudem stehen sie zwischen diesen beiden Enden auf ihrer Oberseite jeweils mit dem zugeordneten Nocken 9 in Abgriffkontakt. Bei einer Drehung der Auslassnockenwelle 6 wird somit über die nicht-schaltbaren Schlepphebel 11 der Hubverlauf der betreffenden Nocken 9 auf die zweiten Auslassventile übertragen.The
Wie in den Längs, Querschnitts- und Längsschnittansichten von
Auf seiner Oberseite ist der Primärhebel 14 über ein Abgriffelement 15, das vorliegend als eine drehbar gelagerte Rolle ausgebildet ist, mit einem zugeordneten Primärnocken 7 in Abgriffkontakt. Der Sekundärhebel 19 weist eine den Primärhebel 14 umgreifende rahmenförmige Gestalt auf, und er ist über einen ventilseitig angeordneten Gelenkbolzen 20 schwenkbar an dem Primärhebel 14 gelagert. Wie insbesondere die
Als Koppelelement 17 zur formschlüssigen Verbindung des Sekundärhebels 19 mit dem Primärhebel 14 ist ein axialbeweglich in einer Querbohrung 16 des Primärhebels 14 geführter Koppelbolzen vorgesehen, der über einen in einer Querbohrung 24 des Sekundärhebels 19 axialbeweglich gelagerten Schaltbolzen 25 gegen die Rückstellkraft eines als Schraubenfeder ausgebildeten Federelementes 18 in eine gegenüberliegende Koppelbohrung 28 des Sekundärhebels 19 verschiebbar ist. Der Schaltbolzen 25 ragt mit seinem äußeren axialen Ende 26 aus dem Sekundärhebel 19 heraus und steht an diesem über ein nach oben gerichtetes stabförmiges Verbindungselement 29 mit einer Schaltstange 34 einer Stellvorrichtung 30 in Stellverbindung.As a
Die Verbindungselemente 29 der schaltbaren Schlepphebel 10 sind vorliegend als Blattfedern ausgebildet und nach Art einer Sicherungsscheibe jeweils durch Aufstecken auf den zugeordneten Schaltbolzen 25 und Einsetzen von deren endseitig offenen Bohrung in eine am axialen Ende 26 des Schaltbolzens 25 ausgebildete Ringnut an diesem befestigt.The connecting
Zur Begrenzung des Stellweges des jeweiligen Schaltbolzens 25 nach außen und zum Schutz der Verbindung der Schaltbolzen 25 mit der jeweiligen Blattfeder 29 weisen die Sekundärhebel 19 jeweils einen insbesondere in
Die Schaltstange 34 ist vorliegend als ein Flachstab ausgebildet, der mit seinen breiteren Außenwänden 35 rechtwinklig zu den Schaltbolzen 25 der schaltbaren Schlepphebel 10 angeordnet ist, und der bevorzugt als ein Stanzbauteil aus einem Stahlblech oder Leichtmetallblech hergestellt ist. Die Schaltstange 34 ist in mehreren gehäusefesten Führungsöffnungen 38 des Nockenwellenträgers 2 axialbeweglich geführt, die vorliegend in den Lagerdeckeln 5 der Auslassnockenwelle 6 angeordnet sind.The switching
Die als Blattfedern ausgebildeten Verbindungselemente 29 der schaltbaren Schlepphebel 10 greifen jeweils spielbehaftet in eine schlitzförmige Öffnung 36 der Schaltstange 34 ein, deren Quer- und Längsabmessungen größer sind als die Breite und die Dicke dieser Verbindungselemente 29. Hierdurch können sich die Verbindungselemente 29 beim Betrieb des Verbrennungskolbenmotors verschleißarm in den Öffnungen 36 der Schaltstange 34 bewegen. Zudem können dadurch Fertigungstoleranzen bei der Anordnung der Öffnungen 36 in der Schaltstange 34 und der gesamten Schaltstange 34 auf einfache Weise durch einen vergrößerten Stellweg des Linearaktuators 31 ausgeglichen werden. An ihrer von den Schlepphebeln 10, 11 abgewandten breiteren Außenwand 35 ist die Schaltstange 34 an jeder Öffnung 36 schaltrichtungsseitig mit einem bogenförmigen Federclip 37 versehen, dessen freies Ende zur elastischen Abstützung der zugeordneten Blattfeder 29 in Längsrichtung in die betreffende Öffnung 36 hineinragt. Hierdurch werden die Blattfedern 29 in den Öffnungen 36 der Schaltstange 34 elastisch und längsverschiebbar abgestützt, wodurch der mechanische Verschleiß an den Kontaktflächen reduziert und die Übertragung von Querkräften auf die Schaltbolzen 25 der schaltbaren Schlepphebel 10 vermieden wird.The connecting
In
In der perspektivischen Übersichtsdarstellung von
Bei denjenigen Schlepphebeln 10, deren Primär- oder Sekundärnocken 7, 8 von der Rolle 15 des Primärhebels 14 oder den Gleitflächen 23 der Stegabschnitte 22 des Sekundärhebels 19 gerade außerhalb des Grundkreisradius abgegriffen werden, erfolgt über die Blattfedern 29 zunächst nur eine Vorspannung der Schaltbolzen 25 in Schaltrichtung 40. Die betreffenden Koppelbolzen 17 werden dann über die jeweilige Blattfeder 29 und den Schaltbolzen 25 in die Koppelbohrung 28 des Sekundärhebels 19 verschoben, sobald deren zugeordnete Primär- und Sekundärnocken 7, 8 im Grundkreisradius abgegriffen werden.In those
Dieser auch in der Längsansicht von
Im Vergleich zu einer Stellanordnung mit separaten hydraulischen oder elektromagnetischen Aktuatoren in oder an den Schlepphebeln ist die erfindungsgemäße Stellvorrichtung 30 mit den rein mechanisch schaltbaren Schlepphebeln 10 deutlich einfacher und Platz sparender aufgebaut sowie kostengünstiger herstellbar.In comparison to an actuating arrangement with separate hydraulic or electromagnetic actuators in or on the rocker arms, the actuating device 30 according to the invention with the
- 11
- VentiltriebValve train
- 22
- NockenwellenträgerCamshaft carrier
- 33
- Erster GleitlagerabschnittFirst plain bearing section
- 44th
- Zweiter GleitlagerabschnittSecond plain bearing section
- 55
- LagerdeckelBearing cap
- 66th
- AuslassnockenwelleExhaust camshaft
- 77th
- PrimärnockenPrimary cam
- 88th
- SekundärnockenSecondary cam
- 99
- Nockencam
- 1010
- schaltbarer Schlepphebelswitchable rocker arm
- 1111
- nicht-schaltbarer Schlepphebelnon-switchable rocker arm
- 1212th
- AbstützelementSupport element
- 1313th
- AbstützelementSupport element
- 1414th
- PrimärhebelPrimary lever
- 1515th
- Abgriffelement, RollePick-up element, role
- 1616
- QuerbohrungCross hole
- 1717th
- Koppelelement, KoppelbolzenCoupling element, coupling bolt
- 1818th
- Federelement, SchraubenfederSpring element, coil spring
- 1919th
- SekundärhebelSecondary lever
- 2020th
- GelenkbolzenHinge pin
- 2121
- Anpressfeder, SchenkelfederCompression spring, leg spring
- 2222nd
- Abgriffelement, StegabschnittPick-up element, web section
- 2323
- GleitflächeSliding surface
- 2424
- QuerbohrungCross hole
- 2525th
- SchaltbolzenSwitch pin
- 2626th
- Äußeres EndeOutside end
- 2727
- Bügelhanger
- 2828
- KoppelbohrungCoupling hole
- 2929
- Verbindungselement, BlattfederConnecting element, leaf spring
- 3030th
- StellvorrichtungAdjusting device
- 3131
- Linearaktuator, ElektromagnetLinear actuator, electromagnet
- 3232
- SpulenkörperBobbin
- 3333
- Ankeranchor
- 3434
- Schaltstange, FlachstabShift rod, flat bar
- 3535
- Breitere AußenwandWider outer wall
- 3636
- Öffnungopening
- 3737
- FederclipSpring clip
- 3838
- FührungsöffnungGuide opening
- 3939
- RuhestellungRest position
- 4040
- Richtungspfeil, SchaltrichtungDirection arrow, switching direction
- 4141
- SchaltstellungSwitch position
- 4242
- FederelementSpring element
Claims (10)
- A variable valve drive (1) of an internal combustion piston engine having at least one functionally identical gas exchange valve per cylinder, the valve stroke of which is specified by at least one primary cam (7) and a secondary cam (8) of a camshaft (6) and can be selectively transmitted to at least one associated gas exchange valve by means of a switchable cam follower (10), which has a primary follower (14) and a secondary follower (19), wherein the respective primary follower (14) is supported, with its one end, on a associated supporting element (12) mounted on the housing and, with its other end, on the valve stem of the associated gas exchange valve, wherein the respective primary follower (14) is in following contact between its two ends with the associated primary cam (7), and in which the secondary follower (19) is pivotably mounted on the primary follower (14), with the associated secondary cam (8) in following contact, and can be coupled to the primary follower (14) by means of a coupling element (17) which can be adjusted by an adjusting device (30), and wherein the respective coupling element (17) of the switchable cam follower (10) is designed as a coupling bolt guided in a transverse bore (16) of the primary follower (14) in an axially movable manner are such that the coupling element (17) can be moved into an opposite coupling bore (28) of the secondary follower (19) against the restoring force of a spring element (18) by means of a switching bolt (25) which is axially movable in a transverse bore (24) of the secondary follower (19), that the respective switching bolt (25) protrudes with its axially outer end (26) from the secondary follower (19), that this axially outer end (26) of the switching bolt (25) is connected to a rod-shaped connection element (29), which in turn is connected to a switching rod (34) in an adjusting connection that the switching rod (34) is arranged above the respective cam follower (10) parallel to the associated camshaft (6), that the switching rod (34) can be moved longitudinally from a rest position (39) into a switching position (41) by means of a linear actuator (31) against the restoring force of a spring element (42), and that the connection elements (29) of the switchable cam followers (10) are formed as leaf springs.
- The variable valve drive according to claim 1, characterised in that the linear actuator (31) is formed as an electromagnet with an armature (33) that is axially movably guided in a coil body (32) and the armature (33) of which is rigidly connected to the switching rod (34).
- The variable valve drive according to claim 1, characterised in that the linear actuator (31) is formed as a single-acting, hydraulic or pneumatic actuating cylinder with a piston that is axially movably guided in a cylinder and piston of which is rigidly connected to the switching rod (34).
- The variable valve drive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the switching rod (34) is formed as a flat bar, which is arranged with its wider outer walls (35) at right angles to the switching bolts (25) of the switchable cam followers (10).
- The variable valve drive according to claim 4, characterised in that the switching rod (34) is produced as a stamped component from sheet steel or light sheet metal.
- The variable valve drive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the connection elements (29) of the switchable cam followers (10) are respectively substantially rigidly attached to the axially outer end (26) of the associated switching bolt (25) and respectively engage in a slot-shaped opening (36) in the switching rod (34).
- The variable valve drive according to claim 6, characterised in that the leaf springs (29) are fastened to the switching bolt (25) in the manner of a locking washer, respectively by fitting and engaging a bore open at the end in an annular groove arranged at the axially outer end (26) of the respective switching bolt (25).
- The variable valve drive according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the openings (36) in the switching rod (34) are greater than the width and the thickness of the leaf springs (29).
- The variable valve drive according to claim 8, characterised in that the switching rod (34) is provided with an arcuate spring clip (37)on its wider outer wall (35) facing away from the cam followers (10) at each opening (36) on the switching direction side, the free end of which arcuate spring clip protrudes into the relevant opening (36) in the longitudinal direction for the elastic support of the associated leaf spring (29).
- The variable valve drive according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the switching rod (34) is axially movably guided in several guide openings (38) fixed to the housing of the cylinder head (2), and in that at least some guide openings (38) for the switching rod (34) are arranged in bearing covers (5) of the associated camshaft (6).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102017101792.5A DE102017101792B4 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2017-01-31 | Variable valve train of a combustion piston engine |
PCT/DE2018/100053 WO2018141332A1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2018-01-24 | Variable valve drive of a combustion piston engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3577323A1 EP3577323A1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
EP3577323B1 true EP3577323B1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
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US (1) | US10767517B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3577323B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110023594B (en) |
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DE102017101792B4 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
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DE102017101792A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
US20190376420A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
EP3577323A1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
US10767517B2 (en) | 2020-09-08 |
CN110023594A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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