EP3553376B1 - Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur - Google Patents

Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3553376B1
EP3553376B1 EP19164945.8A EP19164945A EP3553376B1 EP 3553376 B1 EP3553376 B1 EP 3553376B1 EP 19164945 A EP19164945 A EP 19164945A EP 3553376 B1 EP3553376 B1 EP 3553376B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
steam generator
steam
pressure
heating element
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Application number
EP19164945.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3553376A1 (fr
Inventor
Knut Denecke
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/284—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/30—Steam-separating arrangements using impingement against baffle separators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for generating steam from a liquid by means of a steam generator which has at least one heating element and at least one pressure vessel with an outlet opening and an outside, the liquid in the pressure vessel being heated by means of the heating element and being discharged from the pressure vessel through the outlet opening exits, with a first portion of the liquid evaporating and a second portion of the liquid remaining liquid.
  • the invention also relates to a steam generator for carrying out such a method.
  • a device for generating steam is, for example U.S. 2,458,103A refer to.
  • Steam is used, for example, in autoclaves for sterilization. Steam is also used as a heat exchanger in technical equipment or as the operating medium of a turbine, for example to generate electricity. In addition, it is possible to use steam in the production of ultrapure water, in particular distilled water, which is used for a large number of different requirements, for example for injection purposes. In the process, water vapor is first generated, which is then recondensed back into liquid water.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a method for generating steam, with which steam can be produced quickly, cost-effectively and energy-efficiently, which contains no or only very little non-evaporated liquid.
  • the invention solves the problem set by a method for generating steam according to the preamble of claim 1, which is characterized in that the steam generator has a deflection hood on which the second part of the liquid meets and is guided from there to the outside has a temperature higher than the vaporization temperature or the boiling temperature of the liquid that is discharged to the outside.
  • the liquid, in particular the water, is consequently first heated in the pressure vessel by means of the heating element.
  • the heating element can be an electrical heating element, for example, in which thermal energy is generated from electrical energy.
  • the heating element itself can be designed, for example, as a tube or tube arrangement, with a heat carrier, for example a heated liquid, a heated gas or some other energy carrier being passed through.
  • a heat carrier for example a heated liquid, a heated gas or some other energy carrier being passed through.
  • thermal oils or a hot gas that was generated by a combustion process for example, can be used. High temperatures can be transmitted through these media.
  • the liquid in the pressure vessel is under greater pressure than the ambient pressure outside the steam generator, the liquid inside the pressure vessel can be heated to a higher temperature without vaporization occurring. This superheated liquid then exits the pressure vessel through the outlet opening, with the first portion of the liquid evaporating and the second portion remaining liquid. In particular, the second part of the liquid hits the deflection hood and is guided to the outside of the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessel is preferably designed in such a way that the heated and warmed liquid inside it gives off part of the heat to the pressure vessel, so that the outside of the pressure vessel is also heated.
  • the outside of the pressure vessel has a temperature that is higher than the vaporization temperature or boiling temperature of the liquid that is fed to the outside.
  • the liquid is passed continuously through the pressure vessel. Consequently, liquid is continuously fed into the pressure vessel, which is heated in the flow process by the at least one heating element to such an extent that when it reaches the outlet opening of the pressure vessel, it has a temperature which, when it exits, leads to the most complete possible evaporation due to the expansion that occurs.
  • the second part of the liquid that passes through the outlet opening without vaporization should be as small as possible.
  • the outside is preferably heated exclusively by means of the heating element, in particular via the liquid inside the pressure vessel.
  • the heating element in particular via the liquid inside the pressure vessel.
  • the liquid preferably exits through the at least one outlet opening into a vapor space which is delimited by a vapor space housing of the steam generator.
  • the pressure inside the vapor space is preferably lower than the pressure inside the pressure vessel and greater than the ambient pressure outside the steam generator.
  • the pressure inside the vapor space should be less than the pressure inside the pressure vessel. This is the only way that the heated liquid exits the outlet opening to relaxation and partial evaporation.
  • the pressure within the steam space should be greater than its ambient pressure, so that the resulting steam flows out through an outlet opening of the steam generator without the need for additional pumps or devices.
  • the at least one heating element advantageously reaches temperatures of over 200°C, preferably over 300°C.
  • the liquid in the pressure vessel can advantageously also be raised to temperatures above 100°C, preferably above 150°C.
  • the temperature of the liquid which increases in the direction of the outlet opening in the continuous flow process, is advantageously below the pressure-dependent boiling point.
  • the boiling point of the liquid inside the pressure vessel is undercut by more than 1° C. at the prevailing pressure.
  • a maximum margin of 1°C is sufficient but also beneficial to ensure that evaporation does not occur within the pressure vessel.
  • the temperature to which the liquid is heated within the pressure vessel is therefore advantageously less than 10° C., advantageously less than 5° C., lower than the boiling temperature of the liquid at the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessel.
  • the temperature can also be adjusted in such a way that partial evaporation occurs inside the pressure vessel. This is achieved, for example, in that the amount of heat fed in is so great that the liquid to be evaporated reaches a temperature which is above the evaporation temperature prevailing at the prevailing pressure in the pressure vessel.
  • the at least one heating element is designed in such a way that it can withstand the resulting mechanical and, in particular, thermal loads. If the temperature is adjusted in such a way that partial evaporation occurs, small gas bubbles form inside the liquid in the pressure vessel.
  • the gas volume that has just formed is preferably recondensed as soon as the gas bubble comes into contact with the wall of the pressure vessel.
  • a particularly good thermal contact between the heating element and the Wall of the pressure vessel reached so that the temperature of the outside of the pressure vessel can be increased particularly efficiently and quickly in this way.
  • a part of the liquid to be vaporized which flows down in liquid form on the outside of the pressure vessel as a falling film, can be increased, whereby the overall performance of the vaporization can be increased.
  • the invention also solves the problem set by a steam generator for carrying out such a method, which has at least one heating element, at least one pressure vessel with an outlet opening and an outside and at least one deflection hood, which is arranged and designed in such a way that liquid escaping from the outlet opening the outside is directed.
  • This steam generator is defined in claim 5.
  • the at least one heating element is preferably located in the pressure vessel, which is advantageously designed as an annular gap, in particular with an annular cross section through which flow can take place.
  • the smaller the thickness of the annular gap the better the thermal contact between the heating element inside the pressure vessel and the wall of the pressure vessel. At the same time, the most homogeneous possible temperature distribution of the liquid inside the pressure vessel is achieved in this way.
  • the steam generator has a steam volume that is delimited by the outside of the pressure vessel and by a headspace housing.
  • the superheated liquid enters this vapor space from the outlet opening of the pressure vessel, with the deflection hood being arranged in such a way that it is advantageously located in the vapor space. It is preferably arranged in such a way that liquid emerging from the outlet opening in the liquid state hits the deflection hood and is guided by it to the outside of the pressure vessel. It is advantageous if as large a proportion as possible, for example more than 85%, preferably more than 90%, of the liquid exiting from the outlet opening of the pressure vessel in the liquid state reaches the deflection hood.
  • all of the escaping liquid is routed through the deflection hood to the outside of the pressure vessel.
  • the vapor space preferably has at least one outlet through which liquid can be drained from the vapor space.
  • the liquid conducted from the deflection hood to the outside of the pressure vessel preferably runs along this outside as a film, following gravity. Since the outer wall has a temperature which is advantageously above the evaporation temperature of the liquid, evaporation occurs here. However, it is not necessary for the liquid to completely evaporate. Liquid that remains in the liquid state in the vapor space can be discharged via the drain.
  • the steam generator has an electrical controller, in particular an electronic data processing device, which is set up, at least one operating variable of the steam generator, in particular a flow rate of liquid that is passed through the pressure vessel, a heating line and/or a heating temperature of the at least one To control the heating element and / or to regulate.
  • the steam generator preferably has at least one flow rate sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltmeter, an ammeter and/or a pressure sensor. With the help of one or more of these sensors, data is recorded that is transmitted to the electrical control. On the basis of this data, the electrical controller controls and/or regulates the at least one operating variable of the steam generator.
  • the flow rate should also be set in such a way that the temperature of the liquid at the outlet opening is as close as possible to the applicable evaporation temperature, but does not exceed it.
  • the steam generator 2 shown has a cylindrical heating element 4 which is designed as an electrical heating element 4 . It is located in a pressure vessel 6 which is designed in such a way that there is an annular gap between the pressure vessel 6 and the heating element 4 . In the upper area there is an outlet opening 8 around which a deflection hood 10 is arranged. This is designed in such a way that a liquid second portion of the medium to be evaporated, at least for the most part, hits the deflection hood 10 and from it onto the outside 12 of the Pressure vessel 6 is passed.
  • the deflection hood 10 is preferably designed and arranged in such a way that all of the escaping liquid impinges on the deflection hood 10 and is conducted to the outside 12 of the pressure vessel 6 .
  • a steam chamber 14 is located between the outside 12 of the pressure vessel 6 and a pressure chamber housing 16, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is also the housing of the steam generator a smaller pressure than it acts in the annular gap between the heating element 4 and the pressure vessel 6.
  • Liquid is fed to a feed tank 20 via a feed line 18 .
  • the inflow can be controlled via a valve 22 .
  • the amount of liquid entering is detected by a level gauge 24 and corresponding control signals can be transmitted to the valve 22 via a control line 26 .
  • the liquid is fed to the actual steam generator 2 via a pump 28 .
  • the volume flow itself can be controlled via an additional valve 30 .
  • a flow indicator 32 which can also be designed as a flow sensor, is integrated into the corresponding line.
  • the liquid is pressed upwards in the steam generator in the annular gap between the heating element 4 and the pressure vessel 6 and is thereby heated.
  • the heating element 4 can be supplied with current via an electrical supply line 34 .
  • the liquid then exits through the outlet opening 8 , with the liquid portion being conducted through the deflection hood 10 to the outside 12 of the pressure vessel 6 . Since this is heated by the liquid moving upwards inside, at least part of this second part of the liquid evaporates and can leave the steam generator through an outlet nozzle 36 . The part of the liquid that has not evaporated even after contact with the outside 12 of the pressure vessel 6 is withdrawn from the steam generator via an outlet 38 and returned to the circuit. The amount can be controlled via a valve 30.
  • a pressure measuring sensor 40 is located in the corresponding pipeline, which measures the current pressure and transmits the corresponding measured values to an electrical control system (not shown).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air Humidification (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour produire de la vapeur à partir d'un liquide au moyen d'un générateur de vapeur (2) qui comprend au moins un élément chauffant (4) et au moins un récipient sous pression (6) présentant une ouverture de sortie (8) et une face extérieure (12),
    dans lequel le liquide
    (a) est chauffé dans le récipient sous pression (6) au moyen de l'élément chauffant (4) et
    (b) sort du récipient sous pression (6) par l'ouverture de sortie (8), une première partie du liquide s'évaporant et une deuxième partie du liquide restant liquide,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le générateur de vapeur (2) comporte une hotte de déviation (10) sur laquelle la deuxième partie du liquide arrive et est dirigée de là vers la face extérieure (12), et qui présente une température supérieure à la température d'évaporation ou à la température d'ébullition du liquide dirigé vers la face extérieure (12).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que le liquide est dirigé en continu à travers le récipient sous pression (6).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que la face extérieure (12) est chauffée exclusivement au moyen de l'élément chauffant (4), en particulier par l'intermédiaire du liquide à l'intérieur du récipient sous pression (6).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le liquide sort par ladite au moins une ouverture de sortie (8) jusque dans une chambre à vapeur (14) délimitée par un boîtier de chambre à vapeur (16) du générateur de vapeur (2), une pression à l'intérieur de la chambre à vapeur (14) étant inférieure à une pression à l'intérieur du récipient sous pression (6) et étant supérieure à une pression ambiante à l'extérieur du générateur de vapeur (2).
  5. Générateur de vapeur (2) pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, comportant
    (a) au moins un élément chauffant (4),
    (b) au moins un récipient (6) présentant une ouverture de sortie (8) et une face extérieure (12), et
    (c) au moins une hotte de déviation (10) disposée et réalisée de telle sorte que le liquide sortant de l'ouverture de sortie (8) est dirigé vers la face extérieure (12),
    le générateur de vapeur étant caractérisé en ce que le récipient (6) est un récipient sous pression (6).
  6. Générateur de vapeur (2) selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un élément chauffant (4) se trouve dans le récipient sous pression (6), qui est de préférence réalisé sous la forme d'une fente annulaire, en particulier avec une section transversale circulaire pouvant être traversée.
  7. Générateur de vapeur (2) selon l'une des revendications 5 et 6, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeur (2) présente un volume de vapeur (14) délimité par la face extérieure (12) du récipient sous pression (6) et par un boîtier de chambre à vapeur (16).
  8. Générateur de vapeur (2) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la chambre à vapeur (14) présente une évacuation permettant d'évacuer du liquide hors de la chambre à vapeur (14).
  9. Générateur de vapeur (2) selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeur (2) comporte une commande électrique, en particulier une unité électronique de traitement de données, qui est conçue pour commander et/ou réguler au moins une grandeur de fonctionnement du générateur de vapeur (2), en particulier un débit de liquide dirigé à travers le récipient sous pression, une puissance de chauffage et/ou une température de chauffage dudit au moins un élément chauffant (4).
  10. Générateur de vapeur (2) selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que le générateur de vapeur (2) comprend au moins un capteur de débit, un capteur de température, un voltmètre, un ampèremètre et/ou un capteur de pression.
EP19164945.8A 2018-04-11 2019-03-25 Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur Active EP3553376B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018108641.5A DE102018108641A1 (de) 2018-04-11 2018-04-11 Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Dampf und Dampferzeuger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3553376A1 EP3553376A1 (fr) 2019-10-16
EP3553376B1 true EP3553376B1 (fr) 2022-08-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19164945.8A Active EP3553376B1 (fr) 2018-04-11 2019-03-25 Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur

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EP (1) EP3553376B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018108641A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2927129T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478569A (en) * 1945-03-08 1949-08-09 Cooper Harry Peter Steam generator
US2458103A (en) * 1946-02-14 1949-01-04 Schwartz Emanuel Electric boiler
US2571462A (en) * 1949-01-10 1951-10-16 Ralph W Lohman Electric steam generator
US3365567A (en) * 1965-06-21 1968-01-23 Woodrow W. Smith Electric steam generator
JPH07109299B2 (ja) * 1992-04-27 1995-11-22 昇 丸山 液体加熱装置
US6427637B1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2002-08-06 Axair Ag Steam generator with at least partially double-walled evaporation tank
DE102007054457A1 (de) * 2006-11-13 2008-05-29 Förster Technik GmbH Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Dampf
SI23848A (sl) * 2011-08-22 2013-02-28 Gorenje Gospodinjski Aparati D.D. Izboljšani kuhalni aparat
EP3225139B1 (fr) * 2016-03-30 2020-04-29 E.G.O. ELEKTRO-GERÄTEBAU GmbH Dispositif d'evaporation pour l'eau

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EP3553376A1 (fr) 2019-10-16
DE102018108641A1 (de) 2019-10-17
ES2927129T3 (es) 2022-11-02

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