EP3553376A1 - Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur - Google Patents

Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3553376A1
EP3553376A1 EP19164945.8A EP19164945A EP3553376A1 EP 3553376 A1 EP3553376 A1 EP 3553376A1 EP 19164945 A EP19164945 A EP 19164945A EP 3553376 A1 EP3553376 A1 EP 3553376A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
pressure vessel
steam generator
steam
heating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19164945.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3553376B1 (fr
Inventor
Knut Denecke
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3553376A1 publication Critical patent/EP3553376A1/fr
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Publication of EP3553376B1 publication Critical patent/EP3553376B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
    • F22B1/284—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically with water in reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
    • F22B37/30—Steam-separating arrangements using impingement against baffle separators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing steam from a liquid by means of a steam generator having at least one heating element and at least one pressure vessel having an outlet opening and an outer side, wherein the liquid is heated in the pressure vessel by means of the heating element and through the outlet opening from the pressure vessel exits, wherein a first part of the liquid evaporates and a second part of the liquid remains liquid.
  • the invention also relates to a steam generator for carrying out such a method.
  • Steam is used, for example, in autoclaves for sterilization. Also as a heat exchanger in technical facilities or as the operating medium of a turbine, for example, to generate electricity, water vapor is used. In addition, it is possible to use steam in the production of ultrapure water, especially distilled water, which is used for a variety of different requirements, such as for injection purposes. In the process, steam is first generated, which is subsequently recondensed to liquid water.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to propose a method for producing steam, with the fast, cost and energy efficient steam can be produced, which contains no or only very little unvaporized liquid.
  • the invention solves the stated object by a method for generating steam according to the preamble of claim 1, which is characterized in that the steam generator has a Umlenkhaube, which meets the second part of the liquid and is directed from there to the outside.
  • the liquid, in particular the water, is therefore initially heated in the pressure vessel by means of the heating element.
  • the heating element may be, for example, an electric heating element, in which heat energy is generated from electrical energy. Of course, other heating elements are possible.
  • the heating element itself may be formed, for example, as a pipe or pipe arrangement, wherein a heat transfer medium, for example a heated liquid, a heated gas or another energy source is passed therethrough.
  • a heat transfer medium for example a heated liquid, a heated gas or another energy source is passed therethrough.
  • thermal oils or a hot gas generated by, for example, a combustion process may be used. These media can transmit high temperatures.
  • the liquid in the pressure vessel is under a greater pressure than the ambient pressure outside the steam generator, the liquid within the pressure vessel can be heated to a higher temperature without causing any evaporation.
  • These Overheated liquid then exits the pressure vessel through the outlet opening, whereby the first part of the liquid evaporates and the second part remains liquid.
  • the second part of the liquid strikes the Umlenkhaube and is directed to the outside of the pressure vessel.
  • the pressure vessel is preferably designed so that the heated and heated liquid located in its interior releases a portion of the heat to the pressure vessel, so that the outside of the pressure vessel is heated.
  • the outside of the pressure vessel has a temperature which is higher than the evaporation temperature or boiling temperature of the liquid which is directed to the outside.
  • the liquid is passed continuously through the pressure vessel. Consequently, liquid is continuously introduced into the pressure vessel, which is heated by the at least one heating element to such an extent that, when it reaches the outlet opening of the pressure vessel, it has a temperature which leads to as complete a vaporization as possible due to the relaxation occurring.
  • the second part of the liquid, which passes through the outlet unevaporated, should be as small as possible.
  • the outside is heated exclusively by means of the heating element, in particular via the liquid within the pressure vessel.
  • the heating element it is not necessary to further heat the outside in addition to the heat energy transferred from the inside of the pressure vessel.
  • the steam generator is structurally simplified and designed structurally small.
  • the liquid preferably exits through the at least one outlet opening into a vapor space, which is delimited by a steam space housing of the steam generator.
  • the pressure within the vapor space is preferably less than a pressure within the pressure vessel and greater than an ambient pressure outside the steam generator.
  • the pressure within the vapor space should be less than the pressure inside the pressure vessel. Only then does it come at the outlet of the heated liquid from the outlet to a relaxation and partial evaporation.
  • the pressure within the vapor space should be greater be as its ambient pressure, so that the resulting steam flows out through an outlet opening of the steam generator without that additional pumps or devices are necessary.
  • the at least one heating element advantageously reaches temperatures of over 200 ° C, preferably over 300 ° C.
  • the liquid in the pressure vessel can advantageously also temperatures above 100 ° C, preferably above 150 ° C can be increased.
  • the temperature of the liquid which increases in the direction of the outlet opening in the continuous flow method, is advantageously below the pressure-dependent boiling point.
  • the boiling temperature of the liquid within the pressure vessel at the prevailing pressure is exceeded by more than 1 ° C.
  • a maximum distance of 1 ° C is sufficient, but also advantageous to ensure that there is no evaporation within the pressure vessel.
  • the temperature to which the liquid is heated within the pressure vessel therefore less than 10 ° C, advantageously less than 5 ° C is less than the boiling temperature of the liquid at the pressure prevailing in the pressure vessel.
  • the temperature can also be adjusted so that partial evaporation occurs inside the pressure vessel. This is achieved, for example, in that the quantity of heat fed in is so great that the liquid to be evaporated reaches a temperature which is above the evaporation temperature prevailing in the pressure vessel at the prevailing pressure.
  • the at least one heating element is designed to withstand the resulting mechanical and in particular thermal stresses. If the temperature is adjusted so that it comes to a partial evaporation, small gas bubbles arise in the interior of the liquid in the pressure vessel.
  • the gas volume just formed is preferably recondensed as soon as the gas bubbles come into contact with the wall of the pressure vessel.
  • a particularly good thermal contact between the heating element and the wall of the pressure vessel is achieved, so that the temperature of the outside of the pressure vessel can be increased particularly efficiently and quickly in this way.
  • This can be a Part of the liquid to be evaporated, which flows down in liquid form on the outside of the pressure vessel as a falling film, can be increased, whereby the overall performance of the evaporation can be increased.
  • the invention also achieves the stated object by means of a steam generator for carrying out such a method which has at least one heating element, at least one pressure vessel with an outlet opening and an outside and at least one deflection hood, which is arranged and constructed in such a way that liquid emerging from the outlet opening the outside is conducted.
  • the at least one heating element is located in the pressure vessel, which is advantageously designed as an annular gap, in particular with an annular flow-through cross-section.
  • the pressure vessel which is advantageously designed as an annular gap, in particular with an annular flow-through cross-section.
  • the smaller the thickness of the annular gap is formed the better the thermal contact between the heating element in the interior of the pressure vessel and the wall of the pressure vessel. At the same time the most homogeneous possible temperature distribution of the liquid inside the pressure vessel is achieved in this way.
  • the steam generator has a vapor volume bounded by the outside of the pressure vessel and by a vapor space housing.
  • the deflection hood is arranged so that it is advantageously in the vapor space.
  • it is arranged so that in the liquid state emerging from the outlet opening liquid strikes the Umlenkhaube and is directed by her to the outside of the pressure vessel. It is advantageous if the largest possible proportion, for example more than 85%, preferably more than 90%, of the liquid emerging from the outlet opening of the pressure vessel in the liquid state reaches the deflection hood.
  • the entire exiting liquid is passed through the Umlenkhaube on the outside of the pressure vessel.
  • the vapor space has at least one drain through which liquid can be discharged from the vapor space.
  • the liquid conducted by the deflection hood onto the outside of the pressure vessel preferably runs as a film along this outside, following the force of gravity. Since the outer wall has a temperature which is advantageously above the evaporation temperature of the liquid, it comes to evaporation here. Nevertheless, it is not necessary that the liquid evaporates completely. Liquid that remains in the liquid state in the vapor space can be removed via the drain.
  • the steam generator has an electrical control, in particular an electronic data processing device which is set up, at least one operating variable of the steam generator, in particular a flow rate of liquid, which is passed through the pressure vessel, a heating line and / or a heating temperature of the at least one To control and / or regulate heating element.
  • the steam generator has at least one flow rate sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltmeter, an ammeter and / or a pressure sensor. With the help of one or more of these sensors, data is transmitted, which is transmitted to the electrical control. On the basis of these data, the electrical control controls and / or regulates the at least one operating variable of the steam generator.
  • the flow rate should also be adjusted so that the temperature of the liquid at the outlet opening as close as possible to the valid evaporation temperature, but does not exceed.
  • the in FIG. 1 illustrated steam generator 2 has a cylindrical heating element 4, which is designed as an electric heating element 4. It is located in a pressure vessel 6, which is formed so that there is an annular annular gap between the pressure vessel 6 and the heating element 4. In the upper area there is an outlet opening 8, around which a deflecting hood 10 is arranged. This is designed so that a liquid emerging second portion of the medium to be evaporated at least largely meets the Umlenkhaube 10 and is directed by her to the outside 12 of the pressure vessel 6.
  • the deflecting hood 10 is designed and arranged in such a way that the entire outflowing liquid strikes the deflecting hood 10 and is guided onto the outer side 12 of the pressure vessel 6.
  • a vapor space 14 Between the outer side 12 of the pressure vessel 6 and a pressure chamber housing 16, which is the housing of the steam generator in the embodiment shown, there is a vapor space 14. In it prevails when operating the device, a higher pressure than the ambient pressure surrounding the steam generator 2, and a smaller pressure than it acts in the annular gap between the heating element 4 and the pressure vessel 6.
  • liquid is supplied to a supply container 20.
  • the inflow via a valve 22 is controllable.
  • a level gauge 24 the incoming amount of liquid is detected and via a control line 26 corresponding control signals can be transmitted to the valve 22.
  • the liquid is fed via a pump 28 to the actual steam generator 2.
  • the volume flow itself is controllable via a further valve 30.
  • a flow indicator 32 is integrated, which can also be designed as a flow sensor.
  • the liquid is pressed in the steam generator in the annular gap between the heating element 4 and the pressure vessel 6 in the illustrated embodiment upwards and thereby heated.
  • the heating element 4 is supplied via an electrical supply line 34 with power.
  • the liquid then exits through the outlet opening 8, wherein the liquid portion is passed through the deflection hood 10 on the outer side 12 of the pressure vessel 6. Since this is heated by the upwardly moving liquid inside, at least a portion of this second part of the liquid evaporates and can leave the steam generator through an outlet nozzle 36.
  • the part of the liquid which has not evaporated even after contact with the outer side 12 of the pressure vessel 6 is withdrawn via an outlet 38 to the steam generator and fed back to the circuit.
  • the amount is controllable via a valve 30.
  • a pressure measuring sensor 40 which measures the current pressure and transmits the corresponding measured values to an electrical control, not shown.
EP19164945.8A 2018-04-11 2019-03-25 Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur Active EP3553376B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018108641.5A DE102018108641A1 (de) 2018-04-11 2018-04-11 Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Dampf und Dampferzeuger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3553376A1 true EP3553376A1 (fr) 2019-10-16
EP3553376B1 EP3553376B1 (fr) 2022-08-24

Family

ID=65955109

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19164945.8A Active EP3553376B1 (fr) 2018-04-11 2019-03-25 Procédé de génération de vapeur et générateur de vapeur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3553376B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018108641A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2927129T3 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458103A (en) * 1946-02-14 1949-01-04 Schwartz Emanuel Electric boiler
US2478569A (en) * 1945-03-08 1949-08-09 Cooper Harry Peter Steam generator
US2571462A (en) * 1949-01-10 1951-10-16 Ralph W Lohman Electric steam generator
US6427637B1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2002-08-06 Axair Ag Steam generator with at least partially double-walled evaporation tank
DE112012003492T5 (de) * 2011-08-22 2014-05-08 Gorenje D.D. Verbessertes Kochgerät

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3365567A (en) * 1965-06-21 1968-01-23 Woodrow W. Smith Electric steam generator
JPH07109299B2 (ja) * 1992-04-27 1995-11-22 昇 丸山 液体加熱装置
DE102007054457A1 (de) * 2006-11-13 2008-05-29 Förster Technik GmbH Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Dampf
EP3225139B1 (fr) * 2016-03-30 2020-04-29 E.G.O. ELEKTRO-GERÄTEBAU GmbH Dispositif d'evaporation pour l'eau

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478569A (en) * 1945-03-08 1949-08-09 Cooper Harry Peter Steam generator
US2458103A (en) * 1946-02-14 1949-01-04 Schwartz Emanuel Electric boiler
US2571462A (en) * 1949-01-10 1951-10-16 Ralph W Lohman Electric steam generator
US6427637B1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2002-08-06 Axair Ag Steam generator with at least partially double-walled evaporation tank
DE112012003492T5 (de) * 2011-08-22 2014-05-08 Gorenje D.D. Verbessertes Kochgerät

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2927129T3 (es) 2022-11-02
EP3553376B1 (fr) 2022-08-24
DE102018108641A1 (de) 2019-10-17

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