EP3552710A1 - Unité filtrante électrostatique et dispositif d'aération pourvu d'unité filtrante électrostatique - Google Patents

Unité filtrante électrostatique et dispositif d'aération pourvu d'unité filtrante électrostatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3552710A1
EP3552710A1 EP19162784.3A EP19162784A EP3552710A1 EP 3552710 A1 EP3552710 A1 EP 3552710A1 EP 19162784 A EP19162784 A EP 19162784A EP 3552710 A1 EP3552710 A1 EP 3552710A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ionization
electrode
filter unit
housing
electrostatic filter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19162784.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3552710B1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Hepperle
Gerald Horst
Daniel Vollmar
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3552710A1 publication Critical patent/EP3552710A1/fr
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Publication of EP3552710B1 publication Critical patent/EP3552710B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B03C3/43—Ionising-electrodes radioactive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/70—Applications of electricity supply techniques insulating in electric separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrostatic filter unit and a ventilation device with such a filter unit
  • mechanical filters may be used, such as nonwoven mats, porous foam media, expanded metal filter or perforated metal sheet filter.
  • ventilation devices which are extractor hoods that are operated in a kitchen, while liquid and solid contaminants are filtered out of the resulting during cooking fumes and vapors.
  • expanded metal filters, perforated plate filters, baffle filters, which can also be referred to as eddy current filters, edge suction filters and porous foam media are used as mechanical filters.
  • an extractor hood in which an electrostatic filter is used.
  • the electrostatic filter consists in this extractor hood plate-shaped deposition and counter electrodes and wire-shaped ionization.
  • the plate-shaped deposition electrodes are connected to one another via electrically conductive webs, and the counterelectrodes are connected to one another via electrically conductive webs.
  • the deposition and counterelectrodes are arranged so that the air entering the filter first flows into the deposition electrodes with wire-shaped ionization elements lying therebetween and then reaches the counter electrodes which are offset upwards.
  • the deposition electrodes and counterelectrodes are attached to the housing of the extractor hood via partitions that are perpendicular to the electrodes and parallel to one another.
  • the deposition electrodes and counterelectrodes alternately engage each other like a comb.
  • a high-voltage device is provided in the housing of the hood, which is connected to the electrodes of the filter.
  • an electrostatic filter unit for a ventilation device comprising an ionization unit with at least one ionization element and at least one counter electrode and a separation unit.
  • the filter unit is characterized in that the at least one counter electrode has at least one opening and the ionization element comprises at least one needle-shaped ionization electrode with a tip, the ionization electrode is perpendicular to the opening of the counter electrode and the tip lies in the opening of the counter electrode.
  • the ventilation device can be sucked through the air from a room and cleaned.
  • the ventilation device may represent a fume extraction device, for example in a kitchen.
  • the ventilation device may for example also represent a wall box or a ceiling ventilation.
  • the air flow can be caused by a blower of the ventilation device.
  • the electrostatic filter unit serves to filter out impurities from the air flowing through them.
  • the electrostatic filter unit according to the invention has an ionization unit and a separation unit.
  • the separation unit is connected downstream in the flow direction of the ionization unit.
  • the separation unit preferably has at least two precipitation electrodes. In the ionization unit particles are charged in the air. Due to the electric field that builds up between the differently charged precipitation electrodes, the charged particles are deposited on the precipitation electrodes and filtered out of the air.
  • the ionization unit has at least one ionization element and at least one counterelectrode.
  • the counterelectrode of the ionization unit which in particular represents a negative electrode, has at least one opening.
  • a plurality of openings are provided in the counter electrode and the ionization element has a plurality of ionization electrodes.
  • the counterelectrode is therefore described below mainly with a plurality of openings and the ionization element with a plurality of ionization electrodes.
  • the openings of the counter electrode are aligned so that their surface is perpendicular to the flow direction of the air flowing through the ionization unit to the separation unit.
  • the ionization element according to the invention comprises at least one needle-shaped ionization electrode with a tip.
  • the number of the needle-shaped ionization electrodes preferably corresponds to the number of openings.
  • an electrode is used which has a shape tapering toward one end.
  • the needle-shaped ionization electrode has a shaft of constant diameter and a tip.
  • the tip which may also be referred to as the electrode tip, may in this case have a conical shape.
  • the at least one ionization electrode is arranged so that it is perpendicular to the opening of the counter electrode.
  • the ionization electrode extends in the flow direction of the air flowing through the ionization unit.
  • the tip of the ionization electrode is located in the opening of the counter electrode.
  • the ionisation electrode with the electrode tip is preferably oriented coaxially in the opening of the negative counterelectrode.
  • Directional indications such as top, bottom, front and rear, refer to the filter unit and its parts in a condition mounted in a ventilation device.
  • the front side of the filter unit is here understood as the side through which air enters the filter unit. In the front area of the filter unit is thus the ionization unit.
  • the back of the filter unit refers to the side of the filter unit through which air exits the separator unit.
  • the rear of the ionization unit adjoins the front of the ionization unit.
  • depth of the filter unit the separation unit and the Ionization unit is in each case the distance between the front and the back of each unit referred to.
  • the filter unit preferably has a box shape whose width is greater than the height.
  • the width is therefore the larger dimension of the filter unit perpendicular to the depth direction.
  • the height is perpendicular to the width.
  • the upper side of the filter unit is a side whose surface extends in the width and depth direction.
  • the other side opposite side, whose surface extends in the width and depth direction, is referred to as the bottom.
  • the obstruction which is generated by the ionization electrode in the air flow, is minimized.
  • the obstruction is lower than in the case of a wire-shaped ionization electrode, which in the prior art is generally arranged perpendicular to the direction of flow of the air.
  • the tip of the ionization electrode is located in the opening of the counter electrode, a corona discharge between the tip and the counter electrode is formed when the electric field is increased at the tip. Due to the pointed shape of the needle-shaped ionization electrode, the electric field increase is significantly higher than with an ionization wire.
  • the ionization element has an insulation coating.
  • the insulation coating may also be referred to as an insulation coating.
  • the coating material in this case has a low or preferably no electrical conductivity.
  • the coating is preferably provided on the entire ionization element and recessed only at the tip of the at least one ionization electrode and at least one contact point for contacting the ionisationsiatas with a high voltage unit.
  • the ionization element consists of a Ionisationselektrodenrahmen consists of ionization electrodes provided thereon
  • the ionization electrode frame and the ionization electrodes are completely electrically isolated except for the contact point and the electrode tips by means of an insulating surface coating.
  • the formation of creepage distances can be further reduced.
  • wire-shaped ionization electrodes it is functionally necessary that they are bare over their entire length, that is to say they are not insulated, electrical creepage distances are formed.
  • insulation coating which omits the tip (s) of the ionization electrode, such an embodiment is not to be feared.
  • the noise is low with the exclusive use of the electric field between the needle tip of the ionization electrode and the opening of the counter electrode for the corona discharge.
  • the insulation coating is a hydrophobic coating.
  • the formation of the electrical creepage distance can be further prevented.
  • the hardening of the ionisation electrodes can be prevented by adhesion of particles, such as, for example, fat.
  • the insulation coating which can also be referred to as the surface insulation of the ionization element, can be produced, for example, by a ceramic coating or a thermoplastic plastic coating.
  • the ionization element has an ionization electrode frame.
  • the ionization electrode frame is made of electrically conductive material.
  • An electrically conductive or electrically conductive material is in particular a solid material which has an electrical conductivity, which is preferably at 25 ° C.> 10 6 S / m.
  • metals or conductive plastic can be used as the electrically conductive material.
  • plastic is referred to as conductive plastic, which is an intrinsically conductive polymer or is a polymer provided with conductive fillers.
  • the metal for example, aluminum may be used for the ionization electrode frame.
  • the at least one ionization electrode can be formed on the ionization electrode frame or attached thereto.
  • An ionization electrode frame is a component which serves to hold the ionization electrode (s).
  • the ionization electrode frame preferably represents an elongate component, over the length of which ionization electrodes are arranged perpendicular to the length of the ionization electrode frame.
  • the ionization electrode frame thus preferably extends parallel to the surface of the openings of the counter electrode. Since the ionization electrode frame in this orientation is perpendicular to the air flow through the ionization unit, its extension in the height direction is preferably low in order to keep the obstruction low.
  • the ionization electrode frame therefore preferably has a web shape, wherein the webs are equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the ionization electrode.
  • the embodiment in which the at least one ionization electrode is attached to the ionization electrode frame has the advantage that a different material can be used for the ionization electrode frame than for the actual ionization electrode.
  • the ionization electrode may be made of tungsten, for example, while the ionization electrode frame may be made of another metal or electrically conductive plastic.
  • the overall structure of the filter unit is simplified.
  • separate contacting of the ionization electrodes integrated into the ionization electrode frame or attached thereto is not necessary. Rather, the Ionisationselektrodenrahmen, which consists of conductive material, connected to the high voltage unit, that is to be connected to this.
  • the counterelectrode of the ionization unit preferably represents a plate form.
  • the openings may be introduced or formed, in which the ionization electrodes, in particular the tips of the needle-shaped ionization electrodes, are arranged.
  • At the or the opening (s) can each be formed a tubular projection.
  • the tubular projection or the tubular projections are preferably formed integrally with the plate of the counter electrode.
  • the at least one opening in the counterelectrode can have different geometries, in particular the opening can have a round or hexagonal cross section. Alternatively, it is also possible that the openings have a quadrangular cross-section.
  • the weight of the counter electrode can be minimized and, on the other hand, the obstruction of the air can be kept low.
  • only thin webs of material may be present between the openings in the counter electrode.
  • the openings with the centrally arranged ionization electrodes can thus be offset from one another.
  • the filter unit is also referred to as a filter module.
  • the filter unit preferably represents a removable from the ventilation device, portable filter unit, which is preferably pre-assembled.
  • a pre-assembled filter unit is referred to, which can be used as a structural unit in the ventilation device and removed from this in a unit.
  • the ionization unit has a housing in which at least the ionization element is accommodated.
  • the housing preferably has a box shape that is open to the front and rear.
  • the housing can therefore also be referred to as a frame.
  • the ionization element preferably consists of an ionization electrode frame and the at least one ionization electrode.
  • the at least one ionization electrode and the ionization electrode frame are preferably accommodated in the housing in this case.
  • the counter electrode is also preferably at least partially received in the housing.
  • the counterelectrode may in this case be accommodated, for example, on the front side of the housing and thus form the front side of the ionization unit.
  • the housing may have a protective grid, which is arranged in the flow direction in front of the counter electrode.
  • the front side of the housing is the side through which air enters the ionization unit and which faces away from the separation unit.
  • the back side is the side at which the air exits the ionization unit and faces the separation unit.
  • the separation unit and the ionization unit can be accommodated in a common housing.
  • the housing of the ionization unit can also be configured separately to a separation housing of the separation unit and can be connected to the separation housing.
  • the housing of the separation unit, in which the collecting electrodes are accommodated is referred to as a separator housing.
  • the ionisationsgereheatuse is connected to the separator housing, this can be removed in particular from the separator housing.
  • the housing of the ionization unit which can also be referred to as lonisationsgecher, consists of an electrically insulating material.
  • the ionisationsgepiece from PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) exist.
  • the ionisationsgecher can be configured in one piece or in several parts.
  • the ionisationsgecher consist of an upper part and a lower part.
  • the ionisationsgeotrouse is open at the front and back and optionally closed at the front by a protective grid.
  • the protective grid is designed so that this obstructs the air flow into the ionisationsgephaseuse little possible.
  • the ionisationselement is attached by means of at least one insulator to the housing.
  • the ionization electrode frame is particularly preferably fastened to the housing.
  • the ionization electrode frame may be secured to the inside of the top of the housing, for example.
  • the insulator or insulators are made of electrically insulating material.
  • the insulators may for example consist of ceramic or electrically insulating plastic.
  • the insulator may or may not be made in one piece with the housing.
  • the housing may be made with insulator (s) by injection molding. About the insulators or the ionization element can be held in the interior of the ionisationsgebliuses in a predetermined position relative to the counter electrode.
  • the at least one insulator has a ribbed surface, which can also be referred to as a surface structure.
  • a dividing wall is introduced, which delimits a contact space to the part of the housing in which the at least one ionization electrode is arranged.
  • the part of the housing in which the at least one ionization electrode is arranged is also referred to as a flow-conducting ionization region, since the air flow is conducted through this region, from which the particles are to be filtered out.
  • the ionization element and in particular the ionization electrode frame can be connected to the high-voltage unit.
  • the electrical contacting of the ionisationselektrodenrahmens is separated by the partition wall to the flow-conducting ionization.
  • the dividing wall can have a passage through which the ionization electrode frame protrudes without contact.
  • constructive insulation elements such as ribbing on the partition, the electrical creepage distance is also extended in this area between the ionization electrode frame and the negative counter electrode.
  • the electrical contact between the high-voltage supply and the ionization electrode frame can take place both on the housing surface of the filter module and in the contact space formed by the partition wall.
  • the ionisation electrode frame has a connecting web and at least two fastening webs branching off from it. At least one ionization electrode can be formed or attached to the attachment webs.
  • the ionization electrode preferably extends perpendicular to the attachment web.
  • the connecting web may extend, for example, in the width direction of the ionization unit.
  • the fastening webs can protrude from the connecting web, for example, up and down, in particular projecting vertically up and down.
  • the ionization electrode frame is preferably formed in one piece to ensure sufficient stability.
  • the ionization electrode frame may be attached by snapping the tie bar to one end of insulators attached to the inside of the ionization housing at the top.
  • the ionization electrodes extend in the inserted state in the housing toward the front of the housing. Thereby, blocking of the tip of the ionization electrode by the fixing land to which the ionization electrode is attached can be prevented.
  • the invention relates to a ventilation device comprising at least one electrostatic filter unit according to the invention.
  • electrostatic filter unit also apply - as far as applicable - to the ventilation unit and vice versa.
  • the electrostatic filter unit may be arranged on the ventilation device, preferably in the suction opening. Alternatively, the electrostatic filter unit can also be installed in the flow direction downstream of the suction opening of the ventilation device. The electrostatic filter unit is installed in the ventilation device such that inflowing air first flows through the ionization unit before it reaches the separation unit.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of a ventilation device 5 according to the invention is shown, which represents an extractor hood in the form of a ceiling ventilation.
  • the ventilation device 5 has a ventilation housing 50 and a baffle plate 51 located below, that is, in the flow direction in front of the underside of the ventilation housing 50.
  • an intake opening 52 is formed between the underside of the ventilation housing 50 and the baffle plate 51, which can also be referred to as Absaugspalt.
  • Absaugspalt Absaugspalt.
  • a plurality of filter units 1 are introduced in the suction port 52 .
  • a filter unit 1 is introduced in the illustrated view, over the width of the ventilation device 5, two and over the depth of the ventilation device 5, a filter unit 1 is introduced.
  • the ventilation device 5 is mounted above a hob 6 and can be accommodated, for example, in the ceiling (not shown), wherein at least the suction opening 52 is at least temporarily below the ceiling.
  • the protective grid 10 are attached to the front sides of the filter units 1, to recognize.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the filter unit 1 according to the invention shown.
  • the filter unit 1 consists of an ionization unit 2 and a separation unit 3.
  • the ionization unit 2 is supplied with air from the front during operation.
  • the flow direction is in the FIG. 2 indicated by the arrow S.
  • the separation unit 3 adjoins in the flow direction after the ionization unit 2.
  • the separation unit 3 has a housing 33 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the ionization unit 2 also has a housing 23 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the housings 33, 23 each represent forward and rearward open rectangular frames.
  • precipitation electrodes 30, 31 are arranged alternately.
  • the collecting electrodes 30, 31 are designed plate-shaped and arranged parallel to each other.
  • the collecting electrodes 30, 31 extend between the front side of the separating unit 3 and the rear side of the separating unit 3.
  • the precipitation electrodes 30, 31 extend over the entire width of the separating unit 3.
  • the separating unit 3 is configured differently is, for example, that the collecting electrodes 30, 31 perpendicular to the top and bottom of the Housing 33 extend and are arranged in the width direction of the deposition unit parallel to each other.
  • the ionization unit 2 comprises an ionization element 28 and a counterelectrode 22.
  • the counterelectrode 22 has a plate shape.
  • the counter electrode 22 covers the front of the housing 23 of the ionization unit 2.
  • openings 220 are provided, which have a round shape in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the openings 220 are introduced in two opposing rows in the counter electrode 22.
  • an annular projection 221 is provided, which extends from the plate of the counter electrode 22 into the interior of the housing 23 perpendicular to the opening 220.
  • the ionization element 28 consists in the illustrated embodiment of an ionization electrode frame 20 to which a plurality of ionization electrodes 21 are attached.
  • the ionization electrode frame 20 has a connecting land 200 extending in the width direction of the ionization unit 2. In the height direction of the connecting web 200 is located in the middle of the height of the lonisationsgephases 23. From the connecting web 200 of a plurality of fastening webs 201 each extend upwardly and downwardly.
  • the fastening webs 201 extend perpendicularly from the connecting web 200 and each have a length which is less than half the height of the ionisationsgeophuses 23 on.
  • each of the connecting webs 200 has a length which corresponds to a quarter of the height of the ionisationsgeophuses 23.
  • an ionization electrode 21 is attached in each case.
  • the ionisation electrode 21 extends perpendicular to the fastening web 201 and perpendicular to the connecting web 200.
  • each ionization electrode 21 is directed to the front of the ionization unit 2 and runs parallel to the top and bottom of the housing 23.
  • the ionization element 28 is on the inside of the top attached to the housing 23.
  • the connecting bridge 200 is provided by insulators 24 extending downwardly from the top of the housing 23 Attached top.
  • the connecting web 200 may, for example, be clamped or locked in the free end of the insulator 24.
  • three insulators 24 are arranged distributed over the width of the housing 23.
  • the insulators 24 shown have a ribbed surface, that is to say a surface structure.
  • the shape of the ionization electrodes 21 is shown in FIG FIG. 8 shown in more detail.
  • the ionization electrode 21 has a shaft 210 at one end of which the ionization electrode 21 is fastened to the attachment web 201.
  • the ionisation electrode 21 is guided through an opening at the free end of the fastening web 201.
  • the tip 211 of the ionization electrode 21 is the tip 211 of the ionization electrode 21.
  • the tip 211 has a conical shape tapering from the shaft 210.
  • the ionization electrodes 21 attached to the attachment bars 201 extend toward the counter electrode 22. Specifically, the ionization electrodes 21 are arranged so that the tip 211 of the ionization electrode 21 extends into the opening 220 of the counter electrode 22. The tip 211 of each ionization electrode 21 lies in the middle of the circular opening 220 in the illustrated embodiment and is surrounded by the tubular projection 221.
  • FIG. 9 the principle of the ionization unit 2 is shown schematically.
  • the tip 211 of the ionisation electrode 21 lies in the middle of the length of the tubular projection 221. Between the tip 211 and the projection 211, an electric field F is formed.
  • the ionization is carried out via a positive corona discharge by means of the needle-shaped ionization electrode 21.
  • a corona discharge forms between the ionization element and the negative counterelectrode 22 when the electric field is increased ,
  • the particles in the air flowing through are charged in this ionization region and deposited in the downstream deposition unit 3 at the collecting electrodes 30, 31.
  • the ionization element 28 has to be connected to a high-voltage unit (not shown), that is, brought into contact with it.
  • the ionization element 28 for this purpose has a contact point 202, which is provided at a longitudinal end of the connecting web 200.
  • an insulation coating provided on the ionization element is recessed.
  • the pad 202 is provided on an upwardly and rearwardly bent portion of the connecting web 200 at a longitudinal end.
  • the contact 26 can thus be connected at the bottom thereof to the contact point 202 of the ionization element 28 and the ionization element 28 can thus be connected via the contact 26 to a high voltage unit (not shown).
  • a partition wall 25 is provided in the housing 23 in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the partition wall 25 is provided in parallel to a side wall of the housing 23 in the vicinity of the side wall. Between the side wall and the partition 25 thus a contact space 27 is formed.
  • a passage 250 is introduced, through which the ionization element 28 and in particular the ionization electrode frame 20 projects from the area of the housing 23 through which it flows into the contact space 27.
  • the contact 26 extends through the top of the housing 23 into the contact space 27. Moreover, there is no mechanical contact between the dividing wall 25 and the ionization electrode frame 20 at the passage 250.
  • the size of the passage 250 is greater than the cross section of the ionization electrode frame 20, in particular of the connecting web 200 of the ionization electrode frame 20, is.
  • a ribbed surface is provided, which is also referred to as a surface structure and over which the electrical creepage distance between the Ionization element 28 and the counter electrode 22 is further extended.
  • the surface structure is formed in the illustrated embodiment by two concentrically arranged pipe pieces on the passage 250.
  • a contact pad 222 is provided at the upper edge of the plate-shaped counterelectrode 22 in the vicinity of a side edge of the counter electrode 22.
  • the pad 222 on the counter electrode 22 may be connected to a contact 26 which extends through the top of the housing 23 and is accessible from the outside.
  • the contact 26 to be connected to the pad 222 of the counter electrode 22 is opposite to the contact 26 which is connected to the contact point 202 of the ionisationsettis 28, on the other side edge of the housing 23.
  • a partition wall to be provided parallel to the side wall and thus a contact space for contacting the counter electrode 22 are provided in the housing.
  • the housing 33 of the separation unit 3 and the housing 23 of the ionization unit 2 are separate housings, each consisting of a top and bottom, and two side walls.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIGS.
  • other forms of the ionization element in particular the ionization electrode frame, and the counter electrode are possible. It is essential, in that the ionization electrodes are designed in the form of a needle and the tip of the ionization electrodes lie in each case in an opening of the counterelectrode.
  • the present invention has a number of advantages over the prior art.
  • the particle ionization is carried out by means of thin tungsten ionization wires with the diameter of 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.25 mm.
  • thin wires are susceptible to breakage under heavy mechanical stress and can crack.
  • an electrical insulation implement only with increased effort, because the lonisationsdraht due to the function over a whole lateral surface blank, that is to keep uninsulated.
  • special requirements are placed on the electrical insulation properties to grant the filter function.
  • ionizing wires Another disadvantage of ionizing wires is the fact that when the particles are heavily charged, the air contaminates the surface of the wire (adherence of oil particles to the surface of the wire), and the wire may harden over time when cooked vigorously.
  • sawtooth ionizers are also used in known electrostatic filter devices. However, a disadvantage of these sawtooth ionizers is the high noise development in the ionization region.
  • An advantage achieved by the present invention is that very good electrical leakage and short circuit withstand water, dirt and moisture can be achieved. This characteristic is particularly pronounced in the embodiment in which the ionization element, which preferably consists of ionization electrode frames and ionization electrodes, is completely electrically isolated, with the exception of the electrode tips and the contact point.
  • a hydrophobic coating for example a ceramic coating of the ionization element, also causes a beading and dripping of solid and liquid particles from the surface of the ionization element.
  • the electrical creepage distance is in addition extended.
  • Additional insulation elements such as ribbing on the ionization housing inner surfaces, in particular on a partition wall to a contact space, additionally contribute to an electrical tracking resistance.
  • the structure according to the invention has a robust construction in contrast to wire ionization elements. Even with heavy mechanical stress there is no danger that the ionisationselement breaks or tears.
  • the electrode tip causes a significantly higher field elevation in contrast to an ionization with the radius r> 0, which leads to significantly greater electric field strengths in the corona region with the same ionization voltage Vi and consequently favors the field charging for particles with a diameter of> 1 micron.
  • the risk of fouling and resination of the ionization electrode tip which may also be referred to as an ionization peak, is reduced as compared to wire ionization elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP19162784.3A 2018-04-10 2019-03-14 Unité filtrante électrostatique et dispositif d'extraction pourvu d'unité filtrante électrostatique Active EP3552710B1 (fr)

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