EP4061534A1 - Unité de filtration pour dispositif de purification d'air et dispositif de purification d'air - Google Patents

Unité de filtration pour dispositif de purification d'air et dispositif de purification d'air

Info

Publication number
EP4061534A1
EP4061534A1 EP20801241.9A EP20801241A EP4061534A1 EP 4061534 A1 EP4061534 A1 EP 4061534A1 EP 20801241 A EP20801241 A EP 20801241A EP 4061534 A1 EP4061534 A1 EP 4061534A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
air
electrode
voltage
odor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20801241.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Hepperle
Daniel Vollmar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP4061534A1 publication Critical patent/EP4061534A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/019—Post-treatment of gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/155—Filtration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • F24C15/2035—Arrangement or mounting of filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L2209/10—Apparatus features
    • A61L2209/14—Filtering means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/90—Odorous compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/708
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06—Polluted air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4508—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for cleaning air in buildings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter unit for an air cleaning device and an air cleaning device.
  • the filter efficiency of the built-in filter media is largely responsible for the extent to which the vapor air produced during the cooking process, interspersed with the finest particles and cooking odors, is filtered. This is relevant insofar as the vapor air sucked in by the extractor is not conveyed to the outside into the open environment, but is recirculated in the closed space (living room, kitchen, etc.). If the filter media installed in the extractor have a low or unsatisfactory filter efficiency, the cooking fumes remain in the closed living room air, consisting of an aerosol and olfactory unpleasant volatile organic compounds. In this context, high demands are made on the filter media installed in the extractor hood in terms of filter efficiency.
  • the purpose of the invention is to keep the air clean both in living rooms and in passenger cabins in the automotive sector.
  • Mechanical filters are used in fume cupboards to filter aerosols (solid and liquid particles). These are expanded metal filters, perforated plate filters, baffle filters, fleeces (fiber material), edge suction filters, sintered plastics and other porous media or the like. All of these mentioned filter media filter according to mechanical separation mechanisms such as the diffusion effect, the blocking effect and, most importantly, the inertia effect. When separating according to the inertia effect, the particle cannot follow the streamline of the gas (air) around the individual filter fibers, expanded metal layers, porous media or the like due to its mass inertia and as a result collides with them.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a solution by means of which a low space requirement can reliably be guaranteed an adequate filter efficiency.
  • the invention therefore relates to a filter unit for an air cleaning device, the filter unit comprising an odor filter for odor neutralization which represents a device for generating plasma.
  • the filter unit is characterized in that the odor filter comprises at least one air-permeable high-voltage electrode and at least one air-permeable counter-electrode which each form a free-form surface and the at least one air-permeable high-voltage electrode and the at least one air-permeable counter-electrode are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow.
  • the filter unit is also referred to below as a filter module or filter cassette.
  • the air cleaning device in which the filter unit can be used can be an extractor device or an extractor fan or other Vapor extraction device or an air purifier for interiors or for passenger cabins in the automotive sector.
  • the odor filter for odor neutralization is also referred to below as a plasma filter, plasma unit, plasma module or plasma segment.
  • the plasma filter is used to remove volatile organic compounds, or VOC’s (Volatile Organic Compounds), from the air flow that is sucked in.
  • the plasma filter has at least one air-permeable high-voltage electrode and at least one air-permeable counter electrode.
  • the electrodes of the plasma filter are each surface elements.
  • the at least one air-permeable high-voltage electrode and the at least one air-permeable counter-electrode are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow.
  • the flow direction in which the sucked in air flows through the filter unit is referred to as the flow direction.
  • the shape of the high-voltage electrode and the counter-electrode, that is to say the surface elements can be a flat surface. Alternatively, however, the surface element can also have a curved, corrugated or pleated shape, for example.
  • the electrodes of the plasma filter are preferably parallel to one another.
  • the shape of the high-voltage electrode (s) and the counter electrode (s) are the same, i.e. their curvature, curvature of the individual waves or the pitch of the pleated tips is the same. This ensures that the distance between the electrodes is the same over the area of the electrodes.
  • a plasma is generated between the high-voltage electrode and the counter-electrode.
  • the pulsed voltage can be a positive or negative type of voltage.
  • Various voltage forms are possible for the alternating voltage and the pulsed voltage.
  • a sinusoidal, rectangular, triangular or sawtooth-shaped voltage form is used here, for example.
  • the air-permeable counter-electrode is connected to the electrical counter-potential so that a changing electrical voltage difference AU between the high-voltage electrode and the counter-electrode can be ensured.
  • the air-permeable counter electrode can be grounded.
  • the air-permeable counter electrode is electrically connected to the protective conductor PE (protective earth).
  • the electrodes each represent a surface element, a plasma wall is formed in the distance between the electrodes, through which the air to be cleaned passes and is cleaned there.
  • the high-voltage electrode and the counter-electrode are air-permeable and are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow, a number of advantages can be achieved. In particular, great efficiency in terms of odor reduction can be achieved. This is due to the fact that by means of the at least one air-permeable high-voltage electrode and the at least one air-permeable counter-electrode, a plasma wall is built up during operation, through which the air laden with odor molecules flows. When the odor molecules in the air flow through this ionization area, which is referred to as the “plasma wall”, there is a complete chemical reaction of these odor molecules with the reactive species. In other words, there is a complete mixing of odor molecules and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • RNS reactive nitrogen species
  • the filter unit has an electrostatic filter which has an ionization unit and a separation unit.
  • the electrostatic filter is used to filter out particles, so-called aerosols, such as grease, water or dirt from the air.
  • the electrostatic filter is also known as an electrostatic particle filter, particle filter or grease filter.
  • the electrostatic filter has an ionization unit, which is also referred to as an ionization stage or ionization segment. Particle charging takes place in the ionization unit, for example by means of what is known as corona discharge.
  • at least one spray electrode and at least one counter electrode are preferably provided in the ionization unit. It is particularly preferred in each case between two Counter electrodes of the ionization unit provided a spray electrode.
  • the particles that are to be deposited in the electrostatic filter have no electrical charge in their original state or an electrical charge that is insufficient for efficient electrostatic separation.
  • the ionization unit generates an electrical particle charge of each individual particle, preferably up to its maximum electrical saturation charge q s .
  • the spray electrode which can represent a wire, for example, is preferably under electrical high voltage.
  • the voltage can be either a positive or a negative voltage.
  • a positive electrical voltage is preferred because of the lower ozone emission.
  • the pulsed voltage can be a sinusoidal, rectangular, triangular or sawtooth-shaped voltage form.
  • the counter electrodes of the ionization unit are preferably electrically connected to the electrical counter potential. According to one embodiment, the counter-electrodes of the ionization unit are connected to the protective conductor PE (protective earth).
  • an ionization unit can also be used in which a different mechanism for particle charging is used.
  • DBE dielectrically impeded barrier discharge
  • the particles electrically charged by the ionization unit flow through the separation unit, which is arranged downstream of the ionization unit and which can also be referred to as a separation segment.
  • an electrical field is built up to one another by at least two collecting electrodes that are under electrical high voltage.
  • the air with the electrically charged particles emerging from the ionization unit flows into the separation unit. Due to the electric field built up there between the collecting electrodes, the particles are deposited on the collecting electrodes and thus filtered out of the air.
  • the filter unit has an electrostatic filter in addition to the odor filter, this embodiment combines the function of a particle filter and an odor filter in one system, that is to say in one filter unit. With this embodiment the air is freed from any kind of impurities.
  • the separation unit of the electrostatic filter has at least one live precipitation electrode and at least one grounded precipitation electrode.
  • the collecting electrodes are preferably arranged alternately in the separation unit.
  • the collecting electrodes of the separation unit can be air-impermeable plates.
  • the separation unit can also be referred to as a plate separator.
  • E electric field strength
  • the plates are preferably arranged parallel to the direction of flow of the air through the filter unit.
  • the collecting electrodes represent air-permeable electrodes.
  • the particle separation takes place on the live, air-permeable collecting electrodes, which are also arranged alternately, and the grounded, air-permeable collecting electrodes.
  • the collecting electrodes are preferably designed as flat elements, for example as flat flat elements.
  • air-permeable precipitation electrodes these are preferably arranged in a direction which is inclined to the direction of flow and preferably perpendicular to the direction of flow.
  • the odor filter of the filter unit is arranged after the electrostatic filter in the direction of flow. This ensures that the contaminated air, in particular the cooking vapors, is first freed from particles, in particular aerosols, and then the odors contained in the air, in particular cooking odors, are neutralized.
  • the odor filter can also be spatially located between the segments of the electrostatic filter, that is, be arranged between the ionization segment and the separation segment.
  • the odor filter can be arranged upstream of the electrostatic filter, in particular upstream of the ionization unit, in the direction of flow.
  • the odor filter and the electrostatic filter are accommodated in a common housing.
  • the housing can also be referred to as a frame.
  • the segments of the filter unit in particular the ionization segment, the separation segment and the odor filter, are preferably detachably received in the housing. All three segments can be individually removed from the housing.
  • the segments of the electrostatic filter are connected to one another and can only be removed from the housing together, while the odor filter can be removed from the housing separately from the electrostatic filter.
  • the housing can be firmly fastened in the air cleaning device.
  • the segments of the filter unit can, however, also be firmly connected in the housing.
  • the housing is preferably held detachably in the air cleaning device. This allows the odor filter and the electrostatic filter to be removed from the air cleaning device together. However, in this case too, the housing can be held firmly in the air cleaning device.
  • Each segment optionally has its own filter housing. In this case, these are then connected to one another in a form-fitting, force-fitting or material fit.
  • the segments can be dismantled by the user for maintenance or cleaning purposes.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter are arranged in a direction which is inclined to the main flow direction.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter are preferably perpendicular to the direction of flow.
  • At least one of the electrodes of the odor filter preferably has an insulation coating on at least one surface.
  • the mechanism of action of the odor filter for eliminating odors is the concept of dielectric barrier discharge (DBE).
  • DBE dielectric barrier discharge
  • the insulation coating provided on at least one electrode of the odor filter can therefore function as a dielectric between the high-voltage electrode and the counter-electrode.
  • the capacitive odor filter arrangement consisting of at least two electrodes (high-voltage electrode, counter-electrode) with different electrical voltage potentials to one another and at least one dielectric between these two electrodes, leads to an electrical displacement current I, which in turn is a time-changing electrical voltage difference AU between these two electrodes Ionization of the air caused by ionization processes.
  • an electrical displacement current I which in turn is a time-changing electrical voltage difference AU between these two electrodes Ionization of the air caused by ionization processes.
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • RNS reactive nitrogen species
  • reactive species are energetically highly reactive molecules which, among other things, enter into chemical compounds with unpleasant odor molecules and other volatile organic compounds (VOC's), whereby these unpleasant odor molecules are chemically converted into other chemical compounds.
  • VOC's volatile organic compounds
  • the odor is reduced to the point of complete odor elimination.
  • porous electrodes are used in the odor filter, i.e. in the segment for odor neutralization, which ionize the air between the electrodes according to the principle of dielectrically impeded barrier discharge.
  • This ionization of the air in the ionization range (plasma formation) leads to the degradation / neutralization of olfactory unpleasant odor molecules and other volatile chemical compounds (VOCs).
  • VOCs volatile chemical compounds
  • at least one of the two electrodes of the odor filter has electrical surface insulation (a dielectric) in order to prevent electrical flashovers and short circuits between the two electrodes and to ensure the functioning of the plasma unit.
  • the air-permeable high-voltage electrode is designed to be electrically insulating.
  • the air-permeable counter-electrode can be designed to be electrically insulating, or all electrodes have electrical insulation on their surface.
  • a coating process for electrical insulation of the electrode (s) of the odor filter for example, functional powder and ceramic coatings, fluidized bed sintering processes, sol-gel processes, dip coating, enamelling, lacquering or rubber coating of the electrode (s) come into consideration.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter are preferably arranged alternately with one another. This means that in each case an air-permeable high-voltage electrode is arranged in relation to an air-permeable counter-electrode.
  • the first and last electrode in the direction of flow can either be an air-permeable counter-electrode or an air-permeable high-voltage electrode.
  • At least one high-voltage electrode and / or at least one counter-electrode is constructed in multiple layers.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter are air-permeable.
  • the at least one high-voltage electrode and the at least one counter-electrode consist of air-permeable material.
  • the electrodes are also referred to as porous electrodes.
  • the electrodes can all consist of the same air-permeable material.
  • different electrodes consist of different materials.
  • the advantage of using air-permeable material for the electrodes of the odor filter is that, on the one hand, the production of the odor filter is facilitated, since the required air permeability is provided by the material itself.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter consist of an air-impermeable material with at least one air passage opening. It is also possible that only some of the electrodes, for example only the high-voltage electrodes or only the counter electrodes, consist of such a material and the other electrodes in each case consist of air-permeable material.
  • the material of the electrodes is chosen so that it is electrically conductive or antistatic.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter can, for example, be perforated sheets, e.g. perforated sheets, welded grids, woven wire grids, expanded metals, sintered materials and foams.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter are preferably arranged offset to one another in order to ensure optimal ionization of the air that flows through and is laden with odor molecules, which in turn leads to optimal neutralization of the odor substances / odor molecules.
  • a staggered arrangement is an arrangement in which the openings in one electrode do not coincide with the openings in an adjacent electrode.
  • a high-voltage electrode and a counter-electrode are arranged with respect to one another in such a way that their structure lies rotated about an axis in the plane of the respective electrode. This means that the individual electrodes are offset in the plane of the respective electrode around an axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the plane of the electrode by an angle of 0 to 360 ° when installed.
  • the electrodes of the odor filter are subjected to a high voltage which changes over time.
  • the high voltage can be, for example, alternating voltage or a pulsed voltage.
  • the odor filter therefore has a high-voltage transformer, by means of which a high voltage that changes over time can be generated for the electrodes of the odor filter, in particular the high voltage electrode of the odor filter.
  • the high-voltage transformer is used to generate or generate the necessary electrical high voltage.
  • the high-voltage transformer can also be referred to as a high-voltage generator or high-voltage power supply unit.
  • This high-voltage transformer supplies the electrodes of the odor filter, in particular the at least one high-voltage electrode and at least one counter-electrode, with electrical high voltage or with electrical energy on the secondary side via the connecting lines.
  • the high-voltage transformer is supplied with electrical power via a connection or connection lines for lower voltage.
  • the present invention relates to an air cleaning device which has at least one filter unit according to the invention.
  • the air cleaning device can be, for example, an air cleaner for filtering room air, a device for filtering air sucked into a passenger cabin in the automotive sector, or an extractor hood for kitchens.
  • the air cleaning device can have several filter units according to the invention according to the invention.
  • the at least one filter unit is preferably arranged on the suction side of the air cleaning device.
  • the air cleaning device is an extractor hood and the at least one filter unit is arranged in front of the fan of the extractor device.
  • the filter unit according to the invention which can also be referred to as an ionizing filter unit / filter cassette, is preferably arranged in the air intake area of the fume hood so as not to contaminate the components behind it with cooking vapors / aerosols / dirt.
  • an ionizing filter unit can optionally also be arranged in the air outlet area in the fume hood or along the air flow guide between the inlet and outlet area of the fume hood.
  • the geometric dimensions (length, width and height) of such an ionizing filter module vary depending on the installation location or the type and geometry of the extractor.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the filter unit according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of the filter unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic, perspective exploded view of an embodiment of the filter unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 a schematic, perspective exploded view of a further embodiment of the filter unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the odor filter of the filter unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the odor filter of the filter unit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 a schematic detailed view of a further embodiment of the odor filter of the filter unit according to the invention
  • FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c schematic representations of an embodiment of FIG
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b schematic representations of a further embodiment of the electrode geometry of the odor filter of the filter unit according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c schematic representations of a further embodiment of the electrode geometry of the odor filter of the filter unit according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 11a to 11d schematic representation of possible voltage curves of the voltage for the odor filter of the filter unit according to the invention
  • FIGS. 12a and 12b schematic representations of different geometries of the electrodes of the odor filter.
  • FIG. 13 a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a high-voltage transformer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the filter unit 1 according to the invention.
  • the filter unit represents an electrically ionizing filter unit 1 and is also referred to as a filter module / filter cassette.
  • the filter unit 1 consists of an odor filter 2, which is also referred to as a plasma filter, and an electrostatic filter 3.
  • the function of the electrostatic filter 3 is to filter solid and liquid particles (aerosols) out of the air flow.
  • the downstream plasma filter 2 serves to neutralize the odor of cooking odors and other VOCs from the air flow.
  • Said electrically ionizing filter module 1 consists of three segments according to FIG.
  • the filter unit 1 consists of a segment for particle charging, which is also referred to as ionization unit 30, and a segment for particle separation, which is also referred to as separation unit 31 and the segment for odor neutralization, which is also referred to as odor filter 2 or plasma filter. All three segments 30, 31, 2 are spatially arranged one behind the other in the air flow direction, which is shown in the figures by a block arrow, and represent an independent filter system to the outside.
  • the segment for particle charging 30 is arranged in front of the segment for particle separation 31 in FIG.
  • the segment for odor neutralization 2 by means of plasma preferably forms the last air treatment stage. This ensures that the cooking vapors are first filtered by aerosols and then the cooking odors are neutralized.
  • the segment for odor neutralization can also be arranged spatially between the other two segments or in the first place standing in front of the segment of the particle charge.
  • FIG. 1 Another embodiment of the filter unit 1 is shown in FIG. This differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 1 only in the depth of the individual segments, that is, their extension in the direction of flow.
  • an electrostatic filter 3 is used, which is composed of the segment for particle charging 30 and the segment for particle separation 31.
  • the particle charging takes place in the ionization unit 30 by means of the corona discharge.
  • a spray electrode 300 is arranged between two counter electrodes 301 in each case.
  • the particles (solid and liquid) in the air are electrically charged by means of the corona discharge.
  • the electrical particle charging of each individual particle is achieved, preferably up to its maximum electrical saturation charge qs.
  • the spray electrode 300 is under electrical high voltage.
  • both positive and negative voltage can be used.
  • a positive electrical voltage is preferable due to the lower ozone emission.
  • the pulsed voltage can be a sinusoidal, rectangular, triangular or sawtooth-shaped voltage form.
  • the grounded counter-electrodes 301 are electrically connected to the electrical counter-potential, in this embodiment to the protective conductor PE (protective earth).
  • PE protective conductor
  • another mechanism for particle charging can also be used for the ionization unit 30 for particle charging. This includes particle charging by means of dielectric barrier discharge (DBE) and photoemission.
  • DBE dielectric barrier discharge
  • the electrically charged particles then flow through the separation unit 31.
  • the separation unit 31 is formed by a plate separator.
  • the separation unit 31 is alternatively constructed with an air-permeable separation medium in the form of air-permeable electrodes 312, 313. Both options are possible and, depending on the intended use, can be used in the ionizing filter unit 1 for particle separation.
  • the charged particle is deflected in the direction of the collecting electrodes 310, 311 and deposited thereon.
  • the particles collect on the surface of the plates 310, 311.
  • the particle separation takes place at the voltage-carrying, air-permeable precipitation electrodes 312, which are also arranged alternately, and the grounded, air-permeable precipitation electrodes 313.
  • the air-permeable precipitation electrodes 312, 313 shown can basically be any material / medium act, which is air-permeable. Welding grids, wire mesh, fiber materials, perforated metal sheets, expanded metals, sintered plastics and foams or similar air-permeable media can be considered here as examples. If porous plastic media are used, they must be electrically conductive with regard to their specific properties so that the electric field can build up between the individual layers.
  • a positive or negative voltage can be used for the live precipitation electrode plate 310 or live, air-permeable precipitation electrode 312.
  • the pulsed voltage can be a sinusoidal, square, triangular or sawtooth voltage.
  • the grounded precipitation electrode plate 311 or the grounded, air-permeable precipitation electrode 313 are electrically connected to the counter potential, the protective conductor connection PE (protective earth).
  • the illustrated porous electrodes 20, 21 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 can in principle be any material / medium which is air-permeable and electrically conductive or antistatic.
  • Perforated sheets e.g. perforated sheets, welded grids, woven wire grids, expanded metals, sintered materials and foams come into consideration here as an example.
  • the air-permeable counter electrode 21 is formed by a woven wire mesh, which is shown in FIG. 8b.
  • the air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20 is formed by a welding grid, which is shown in FIG. 8c.
  • the welding grille is electrically isolated.
  • the air-permeable counter electrode 21 and the air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20 are each formed by a perforated plate, which is shown in FIG. 9b is.
  • the perforated plate which forms the air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20 is preferably electrically insulated.
  • the air-permeable counter electrode 21 and the air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20 are each formed by an expanded metal.
  • the expanded metal which forms the air-permeable counter electrode 21 is shown in FIG. 10b and the expanded metal which forms the air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20 is shown in FIG. 10c and is electrically insulated.
  • FIGS. 12a and 12b Further embodiments of the geometry of the electrodes of the odor filter are shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b.
  • each of the electrodes 20, 21 is pleated.
  • each of the electrodes 20, 21 is designed to be corrugated.
  • the distance between the electrodes 20, 21 varies in FIG. 12b, it is preferred that the distance over the surface of the electrodes is the same.
  • the structure of the odor filter is shown schematically in a block diagram.
  • the distance d is preferably between 0 and 6 mm. The distance depends on the amount of the electrical voltage applied to the live electrode 20.
  • the plasma is formed in the ionization region 23 between the air-permeable counter electrode 21 and the air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20.
  • the air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20 is provided with an insulation coating 22 which forms the dielectric and can also be referred to as a sheathing.
  • the electrodes 20 and 21 are arranged alternately with one another.
  • the first and last electrode in the direction of flow it can be both an air-permeable electrode 21 and an air-permeable high-voltage electrode 20.
  • the number of air-permeable electrodes 21 between two air-permeable high-voltage electrodes 20 can be greater than or equal to 1. The same also applies in the opposite case, in which the number of air-permeable high-voltage electrodes 20 between two air-permeable counter-electrodes 21 is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the pulsed voltage can be a positive or negative type of voltage.
  • Various voltage forms are possible for the alternating voltage and the pulsed voltage.
  • a sinusoidal, rectangular, triangular or sawtooth-shaped voltage form is used here, for example.
  • the air-permeable counter-electrode is connected to the electrical counter-potential so that a changing electrical voltage difference AU between the high-voltage electrode 20 and the counter-electrode 21 can be ensured.
  • the air-permeable counter electrode 21 can be grounded.
  • the air-permeable counter electrode 21 is electrically connected to the protective conductor PE (protective earth).
  • the odor filter 2 can have a high-voltage transformer 4, which is shown schematically in FIG. 13 as a block diagram.
  • This high-voltage transformer 4 supplies the high-voltage electrode 20 and counter-electrode 21 with electrical high voltage or with electrical energy on the secondary side 44 via the connection lines 40, 41. Possible voltage profiles on the secondary side 44 of the high-voltage transformer 4 are shown in FIGS. 11c and 11d shown.
  • the high-voltage transformer 4 is supplied with electrical power via the connection / connection lines 42, for example with direct current or alternating current.
  • the individual electrodes can be offset from one another in the installed state about an axis of rotation in the plane from 0 to 360 °. This is shown by way of example in FIG. 7, in which the electrodes 20, 21 are rotated by 45.degree.
  • dielectrically impeded barrier discharge there is an electrical displacement current I between two electrodes with at least one dielectric if an electrical voltage U that changes over time is applied between these two electrodes under ambient conditions, the so-called ignition voltage Uzun dspa nn u ng .
  • the amount of ignition voltage depends on many factors, such as the electrode geometry, the insulation material (dielectrics), the gap width d, the voltage shape, the gas composition, etc.
  • This electrical displacement current I causes the air to ionize between the two electrodes.
  • reactive oxygen species ROS
  • RNS reactive nitrogen species
  • the present invention has a number of advantages.
  • the subject of the present invention is a compact, self-sufficient ionizing filter unit which can remove both particles and olfactory unpleasant odor molecules from the air.
  • the ionizing filter unit requires significantly less space than the plasma filters currently available on the market.
  • the plasma filter (system for odor neutralization) used according to the invention consists only of air-permeable electrodes arranged one behind the other through which the air flows. This simple and odor-reducing invention makes the plasma unit cost effective in terms of material and manufacturing costs.
  • the plasma unit used according to the invention consists of porous or air-permeable electrodes arranged one behind the other and, in contrast to other plasma filters, has a much greater efficiency in terms of odor reduction. This is due to the fact that a plasma wall builds up during operation by means of the porous electrodes, through which the air laden with odor molecules flows. When the odor molecules in the air flow through this ionization area “plasma wall”, a complete chemical reaction of these odor molecules with the reactive species occurs. In other words, there is a complete mixing of odor molecules and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive ones Nitrogen species (RNA) take place.
  • ROS reactive oxygen species
  • RNA Nitrogen species
  • the air-permeable electrodes of the plasma unit lead to better mixing of the air flowing through. Because of the efficient mixing of the air and the resulting more efficient breakdown of odor molecules and other VOCs, in contrast to the existing plasma system, less electrical power (energy input) is required with the same filter efficiency.
  • the ionizing filter unit can be cleaned both in the dishwasher and by hand using cleaning substances and water. This means that the service life of such an ionizing filter unit is unlimited. Both the air-permeable electrodes for odor reduction and the electrostatic filter can be washed out of dirt and impurities under water.
  • the currently available plasma filters are not suitable for cleaning purposes or, according to the manufacturer, are not intended. This is especially true for cleaning purposes in private household use.

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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une unité de filtration pour un dispositif de purification d'air, cette unité de filtration (1) comprenant un filtre à odeurs (2) pour neutraliser les odeurs se présentant sous la forme d'un dispositif de génération de plasma. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le filtre à odeurs (2) comprend au moins une électrode à haute tension perméable à l'air (20) et au moins une contre-électrode perméable à l'air (21) qui sont formées chacune par un élément plat, ladite au moins une électrode haute tension perméable à l'air (20) et ladite au moins une contre-électrode perméable à l'air (21) étant disposées l'une derrière l'autre dans le sens d'écoulement. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de purification d'air (1) comprenant une telle unité de filtration (1).
EP20801241.9A 2019-11-19 2020-11-04 Unité de filtration pour dispositif de purification d'air et dispositif de purification d'air Pending EP4061534A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102019217831.6A DE102019217831A1 (de) 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 Filtereinheit für Luftreinigungsvorrichtung und Luftreinigungsvorrichtung
PCT/EP2020/080894 WO2021099112A1 (fr) 2019-11-19 2020-11-04 Unité de filtration pour dispositif de purification d'air et dispositif de purification d'air

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EP4061534A1 true EP4061534A1 (fr) 2022-09-28

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US (1) US20220339577A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4061534A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114641346A (fr)
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WO (1) WO2021099112A1 (fr)

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DE102021213670A1 (de) * 2021-12-02 2023-06-07 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Filtereinheit für Dunstabzugsvorrichtung und Dunstabzugsvorrichtung

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CN114641346A (zh) 2022-06-17
DE102019217831A1 (de) 2021-05-20
US20220339577A1 (en) 2022-10-27

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