EP4200058A2 - Unité de purification d'air et procédé pour munir d'un revêtement une électrode d'une unité de purification d'air - Google Patents

Unité de purification d'air et procédé pour munir d'un revêtement une électrode d'une unité de purification d'air

Info

Publication number
EP4200058A2
EP4200058A2 EP21752621.9A EP21752621A EP4200058A2 EP 4200058 A2 EP4200058 A2 EP 4200058A2 EP 21752621 A EP21752621 A EP 21752621A EP 4200058 A2 EP4200058 A2 EP 4200058A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
air
electrodes
module
cleaning unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21752621.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Pradler
Irén Dornier
Wolfgang Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dornier New Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Dornier New Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102020121872.9A external-priority patent/DE102020121872A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102020121987.3A external-priority patent/DE102020121987A1/de
Application filed by Dornier New Technologies GmbH filed Critical Dornier New Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP4200058A2 publication Critical patent/EP4200058A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/50—Means for discharging electrostatic potential
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/0032—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions using electrostatic forces to remove particles, e.g. electret filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/88—Handling or mounting catalysts
    • B01D53/885—Devices in general for catalytic purification of waste gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/011—Prefiltering; Flow controlling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/019—Post-treatment of gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/155—Filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B03C3/368—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by other than static mechanical means, e.g. internal ventilator or recycler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/82—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20707—Titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B01D2259/4575—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means in aeroplanes or space ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/50—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for air conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air cleaning unit according to the preamble of patent claim 1 .
  • the invention relates to such an air cleaning unit for use in a mobile air cleaning device, in a stationary air cleaning system or in a vehicle and very particularly for use in an aircraft. It also relates to a method for coating an electrode of such an air cleaning unit.
  • the plate ionizers in particular are limited to a size of several meters Plate length and plate spacing of a few centimeters.
  • plate ionizers cannot currently be installed in existing air conditioning systems, particularly in commercial aircraft, since the design and the relative dimensions of plate size and plate spacing do not do justice to the cramped structural conditions in a vehicle, particularly in an aircraft.
  • very high electrical voltages of 20 kV to 70 kV must be used.
  • Ionizers with wires have the disadvantage that, due to the nature of the system, they only produce effective ionization in the immediate vicinity of the wire due to the narrowing of the field lines that occurs there and therefore only work effectively at low air speeds, which makes them suitable for use in vehicles where high air throughputs are required , makes less suitable.
  • Electrostatic filters are known from US Pat. No. 4,056,372 A which also produce ions which attach themselves to impurities and are then deposited and collected at a cathode.
  • the cathodes are surrounded by porous materials in order to prevent the adhering dirt particles from falling off later (US 2016/0074877 A1).
  • a combination of these developments is shown and described in US Pat. No. 5,330,559 A, according to which air is first ionized (for example with ionization tubes) and the particles are then collected in electrostatic filters equipped with a cathode in the form of metal grids.
  • An electrostatic air cleaning device with plate-shaped filters or as a cylindrical round filter is known from US Pat. No. 5,330,559 A.
  • the air first flows through an ionizing device which has a plurality of negative electrode plates arranged parallel to one another and a plurality of positive electrode wires arranged between two electrode plates.
  • a high voltage of 6 to 20 kV direct current prevails between these electrodes.
  • Downstream of the ionizing device is a filter package, which consists of a ground grid, a filter medium that follows in the direction of flow, and a filter medium on top of it following semiconductor grid, a further filter medium and a downstream ground grid, which are assembled into a compact air cleaning unit.
  • the semiconductor grid is connected to a negative high voltage of about 12 to 45 kV DC and the two ground grids are each grounded.
  • dust particles present in the air are positively electrically charged and these are then deposited in the filter device, with an electric field having a high gradient being generated by the negatively fed semiconductor grid and the ground grid.
  • This air purification device thus has two electrostatic field generators, namely the ionizing device with the ground grid downstream of this in the flow direction of the air and then the negative high-voltage electrode located within the filter arrangement with the ground potential grid downstream of this in the flow direction.
  • the ground grid is arranged in front of the mechanical filter elements.
  • WO 2008/083 076 A2 shows and describes a two-stage filter device with an ionizer fitted between two mechanical filters, with the central ionization electrode being formed by a corona wire.
  • the central ionization electrode is formed by a corona wire.
  • another electrode In front of the first filter or behind the second filter, there is another electrode, between which an electrostatic field is built up and the corona wire.
  • a field electrode can also be provided between the corona wire and the respective mechanical filter.
  • the filter arrangement can also be designed as a ring-shaped, cylindrical filter.
  • US Pat. No. 8,167,984 B1 shows and describes a multi-stage electrostatic agglomeration device for removing particles from an air flow.
  • a plurality of electrostatic devices are spaced one behind the other in the flow direction of the air.
  • Each of these electrostatic devices has a plurality of plate electrodes extending in the flow direction such that the air flows between the plate electrodes.
  • a mechanical filter is arranged between each two adjacent electrostatic devices arranged one behind the other.
  • US 2005/0109204 A1 shows and describes an air filter unit equipped with an electrostatic precipitator, in which an ion generator with a first electrode having several rows of corona discharge wires and a second electrode provided in front of the mechanical filter unit is provided upstream of a mechanical filter medium and in the direction of flow a third electrode connected to electrical ground is provided in the air behind the mechanical filter unit.
  • a voltage of 10 to 15 kV is present between the first electrode, which has the corona wires, and ground.
  • the voltage drop between the second electrode and the third electrode creates an electric field that polarizes the fibers in the mechanical filter, thereby electrostatically attracting particles with opposite electrical charges to the filter fibers.
  • DE 3 502 148 C2 shows and describes an electrostatic air cleaner in which air is first passed through a pre-filter, which is followed by a corona discharge device.
  • the corona discharge device is followed by a dust collection device which has a plurality of dust collection electrodes between which the air to be cleaned flows.
  • a deodorizing filter loaded with activated carbon is provided behind the dust collection device.
  • US Pat. No. 9,468,935 B2 shows and describes an air filter system with an electrostatic precipitator module which has a first electrode grid through which the air initially flows and a second electrode grid, a mechanical filter element arranged downstream of this and a third electrode grid arranged thereafter. While the first electrode grid is connected to a negative high voltage and the third electrode grid is connected to a positive high voltage, the second electrode grid is grounded.
  • JP 6 290 891 B2 shows and describes an air cleaner with two stages through which the air to be cleaned flows in succession, namely an ionization stage and an electrostatic dust collection stage.
  • the ionization stage has a plurality of grounded plate electrodes between which a discharge electrode formed by a corona wire is arranged.
  • the dust collecting stage has a dust collecting filter in front of which a discharge electrode having a plurality of corona wires arranged side by side is provided and behind which a ground electrode is provided.
  • the dust collection stage and the ionization stage are each coupled with their own power supply.
  • An electrode arranged behind the mechanical filter element interacts electrically with the independent corona wire grid of the discharge electrode of the dust collection stage provided by the ionization module.
  • US Pat. No. 4,056,372 A shows an arrangement of electrode plates in which positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates are alternately arranged parallel to one another and air flows through the spaces formed between the plates.
  • the positive electrode plates are provided with needle tips as discharge electrodes at their front and rear edges in the flow directions.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a generic air cleaning unit with at least one electrostatic filter module through which the air to be cleaned can flow, so that it can be integrated into existing air conditioning systems with a compact design and particles down to particle sizes of less than 0.1 ⁇ m, especially for long-term effective use against biological air pollution, e.g. viruses. Furthermore, a method for coating the electrode(s) of an electrostatic precipitator module used therein is to be specified.
  • An air cleaning unit with at least one electrostatic filter module through which air to be cleaned can flow which has at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, between which the air to be cleaned flows and between which a first electric field can be generated by applying a high electrical voltage provided by a power supply module , wherein the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode form an ionizer and wherein a mechanical filter module with at least one mechanical filter element is arranged downstream of the electrostatic precipitator module in the direction of flow of the air to be cleaned, is characterized in that in the mechanical filter element or in the mechanical Filter module behind the mechanical filter element at least one third electrode is provided, wherein between the at least one second electrode and the at least one third electrode by applying an electrical voltage ei n second electric field can be generated.
  • the voltage applied between the at least one first electrode (anode) and the at least one second electrode (cathode) is preferably a DC voltage between 3 kV (3,000 volts) and 10 kV (10,000 volts), preferably between 5 kV and 10 kV, lies.
  • the potential of the at least one second electrode, i.e. the cathode is in the range of 10% to 20%, preferably 15%, of the high voltage applied to the at least one first electrode, i.e. the anode, relative to the system ground, for example 1,000 V.
  • the electrostatic precipitator module of the air purification unit forms a two-stage electrostatic precipitator whose first stage, which has at least one first electrode (anode) and at least one second electrode (cathode), forms an ionizer that generates a cold plasma.
  • a cold plasma which is also referred to as a non-thermal plasma, has a clear difference in terms of electron temperature and gas temperature compared to conventional hot plasma, such as that which occurs in an arc. That's how she can Electron temperature in a cold plasma can be several 10,000 K, which corresponds to average kinetic energies of more than 1 eV, while the gas temperature corresponds to the ambient temperature (e.g. room temperature). Despite their low gas temperature, such non-thermal plasmas can trigger chemical reactions via electron impacts.
  • an electric field is built up in the first electrostatic filter stage forming an ionization stage between the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode, which generates a non-thermal plasma in the air flowing through the electrodes at atmospheric pressure. Electrons originating from ionization processes are accelerated in such a way that they trigger impact ionization processes. In the event of collisions with other gas atoms or molecules contained in the air (e.g. biological or chemical pollutants), the electrons can transfer their energy to them and thus destroy them. The electron energy is sufficient to break covalent bonds in organic molecules.
  • the second electrostatic filter stage is formed by the at least one second electrode and the at least one third electrode.
  • at least one mechanical filter element of the mechanical filter module is designed as a particle or suspended matter filter, for example as a HEPA filter, or is at least partially integrated into it.
  • the first electric field created in the first stage, the ionization stage, between the at least one first electrode (anode) and the at least one second electrode (cathode) generates the cold plasma in the air flowing through, which kills or inactivates the biological air pollutants while the second stage, the particles contained in the air, for example the killed or inactivated biological air pollutants (viruses, bacteria, fungi), accelerated in the direction of the mechanical filter element and deposited there.
  • the killed or inactivated biological air pollutants viruses, bacteria, fungi
  • a second electric field is thus built up between the at least one second electrode and the at least one third electrode, which causes the previously charged particles to be accelerated from the ionizer in the direction of the mechanical filter, where they are collected in the filter material.
  • the invention implements an efficient ionizer that can be operated with relatively lower high voltage in order to emit less electromagnetic interference even in EMC-sensitive environments, particularly in commercial aircraft.
  • the at least one first electrode (anode) and the at least one second electrode (cathode) are preferably designed as plate electrodes.
  • the configuration of the electrodes of the ionization stage as plate electrodes enables a large-area expansion of the electric field extending over the mutually facing surfaces of the plate electrodes, with a simultaneous high air throughput.
  • a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes arranged alternately next to one another form a stack of plate electrodes, the result is a large cross-sectional area through which the air to be cleaned can flow.
  • a high air throughput is achieved with a compact design of the air purification unit.
  • the distance between the adjacent plate electrodes should preferably be selected such that an electric field strength of at least 650 kV/m, preferably up to 900 kV/m, forms between the two adjacent plate electrodes.
  • the height of the plate electrodes, i.e. the height of the respective plate gap, and the number of plate electrode pairs in the ionization stage, i.e. the number of plate gaps, together form the free cross-sectional area of the first electrostatic precipitator stage, which is required based on the size of the air flow to be cleaned (in volume unit per unit time) and the flow rate of the air is determined.
  • the length of the plate electrodes and thus of the respective plate gap in the direction of flow is preferably dimensioned in such a way that, at maximum flow rate, the free electrons formed in the ionization stage do not flow out of the static electric field between the plate electrodes, but instead cover the longest possible distance between the plate electrodes in order to cause collision reactions there to trigger which leads to an increased efficiency of the ionization.
  • a preferred flow rate of the air through the ionizer is a maximum of 1.75 m/s.
  • the preferred migration distance of the electrons at a given flow rate is preferably a maximum of 20% of the length of the respective plate electrode (measured in the flow direction).
  • the surfaces of the at least one first electrode and/or the at least one second electrode are provided at least in regions with a catalytic surface layer containing a titanium oxide, preferably in the form of titanium oxide nanoparticles, for example titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with these nanoparticles in Diameters are preferably less than 50 pm.
  • the surfaces of both the first electrode and the second electrode are preferably provided with this coating, although in a modified embodiment of the invention the coating can also be provided only on the surface of one of the two electrodes of an electrode pair, for example on the surface of the cathode be.
  • Such a surface layer causes the cold plasma created between the first and second electrodes to split volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon compounds (so-called VOCs—volatile organic compounds) and break them down into short-chain hydrocarbon compounds, thus breaking down VOCs contained in the air. It is advantageous if the catalytic Surface layer of titanium isopropoxide (Ci2H2sO4Ti) with titanium oxide nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), is formed.
  • the at least one first electrode (anode) designed as a plate electrode is shorter in the flow direction of the air to be cleaned than the at least one second electrode (cathode) also designed as a plate electrode, wherein the at least one second electrode extends beyond the at least one first electrode in the downstream direction and/or in the upstream direction.
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e. the anode
  • the at least one first electrode i.e.
  • the at least one needle extension which preferably has a rectangular cross section, tapers in two mutually orthogonal planes towards the needle tip.
  • the apex angle in the plane of the plate is preferably in a range between 30° and 45°, and is preferably 39° here as well.
  • the apex angle in of the plane perpendicular to the plane of the plate is preferably between 15° and 30° and is preferably 20°.
  • the surfaces of the at least one needle extension are not provided with the catalytic surface layer; the surface of the anode is consequently provided with the catalytic surface layer only in the area of the plate section.
  • the at least one third electrode which is preferably designed as a grid electrode, is connected to the electrical ground and is located both on the at least one first electrode and on the at least one second electrode an electrically positive voltage measured against ground, the positive voltage at the at least one first electrode being higher than the positive voltage at the at least one second electrode.
  • the potential difference between the at least one cathodic electrode of the pair of electrodes of the first electrostatic precipitator stage consisting of the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode and the negative (at least a third) electrode in or behind the mechanical filter element is between 1.5 kV and 2. 5 kV, this electrical voltage being in the range between 25% and 35% of the voltage in the first electrostatic precipitator stage, ie the ionization stage.
  • the at least one third electrode is tubular and is arranged in a tubular air outlet channel of the ring-cylindrical mechanical filter element.
  • a controllable DC voltage between the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode and between the at least one second electrode and the A constant direct voltage is applied to at least one third electrode during operation.
  • the voltage level in the first electrostatic precipitator stage is thus designed to be adjustable and is dynamically regulated to a maximum voltage value by an electronic controller, taking into account measured variables such as anion quantity, ozone content and flashover detection.
  • At least one sensor for monitoring the ozone content of the air is provided downstream of the arrangement of the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode in the flow direction of the air to be cleaned.
  • the ozone content of the air exiting from this electrode arrangement is controlled to a minimum below a permissible ozone value in the breathing air by influencing the electrical voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode by means of this sensor and a control and regulating device.
  • the mechanical filter module in particular the mechanical filter element, has at least one layer of activated carbon or an activated carbon filter element.
  • the activated charcoal it contains can adsorb any ozone produced in the ionization stage and release it again after it has been converted into oxygen.
  • At least one sensor for monitoring the amount of anions is additionally or alternatively provided behind the arrangement of the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode in the direction of flow of the air to be cleaned.
  • the intensity of the cold plasma produced is preferably regulated by means of this sensor and the control and regulation device by influencing the electrical voltage present between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • a control and regulation device provided for carrying out the regulation records voltage flashovers occurring between the electrodes by constantly measuring the electrical voltage (II) present at the electrodes and the electrical current (I) flowing between the electrodes of the first stage (ionization stage) and in a value for the current rate of change dl/dt is formed in the control and regulation device. If this value exceeds a specified threshold value dlmax/dt, then the electrical voltage (U) is slightly reduced until the measured rate of current change is just below the specified threshold value again.
  • the control and regulation device in the ionization stage always generates the highest possible electrical field between the electrodes, i.e. a maximum electromagnetic field, without a significant number of voltage flashovers and thus the formation of arcs between the electrodes of the ionization stage.
  • a further control criterion is preferably the ratio of the actual electrical voltage present at the electrodes of the ionization stage to a predetermined target voltage. If this ratio exceeds the value of +/- 10% of the target voltage, for example, the controller intervenes.
  • the aforementioned measures prevent the formation of a hot plasma in the air flowing through and ensure that only a cold plasma, ie a non-thermal plasma, is formed in the ionization stage.
  • An input variable for the control and regulation device is preferably also the differential pressure prevailing between the air inlet and the air outlet of the mechanical filter module of the second electrostatic filter stage.
  • Shielding device is surrounded and forms with this an electrostatic precipitator unit, wherein In the direction of flow of the air to be cleaned, at least one shielding module through which the air can flow is provided before and/or behind the electrostatic precipitator module, which has a large number of air passage elements, each of which defines an air passage duct surrounded by a duct wall, with the through-flow shielding module having at least one honeycomb panel , whose individual honeycombs are open at both ends and each form one of the air passage channels, the respective channel wall being electrically conductive or having an electrically conductive surface.
  • Such a shielding device shields the electrostatic precipitator module in such a way that no electromagnetic radiation can escape to the outside without the air flow passing through the electrostatic precipitator module being significantly impeded.
  • Such an EMC shielding can preferably be provided, for example, in vehicles, in particular in aircraft.
  • An embodiment in which such a flow-through shielding module is provided both on the air inlet side and on the air outlet side of the electrostatic precipitator module is
  • the respective honeycomb panel preferably consists of electrically non-conductive material, preferably paper, cardboard or a plastic, as the carrier material, the surface of which is at least partially provided with an electrically and/or magnetically conductive material.
  • electrically non-conductive material preferably paper, cardboard or a plastic
  • the carrier material the surface of which is at least partially provided with an electrically and/or magnetically conductive material.
  • Such a honeycomb panel is particularly light and therefore particularly suitable for use in an aircraft.
  • the invention is also directed to an air cleaning system having an air cleaning unit according to the invention, in particular a vehicle interior air cleaning system, and to a ventilation and air conditioning system having such an air cleaning system, in particular for a vehicle or in a vehicle.
  • the invention is also aimed at a vehicle, in particular an aircraft, with at least one such air cleaning unit according to the invention.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for coating an electrode for an electrostatic precipitator module of an air purification unit according to the invention with a catalytic surface layer containing a titanium oxide, preferably titanium dioxide, with the steps: a) providing a solution of titanium isopropoxide in isopropanol; a') providing a suspension of titanium oxide nanoparticles, in particular titanium dioxide nanoparticles, in isopropanol and subjecting the suspension to ultrasonic vibrations; b) mixing the solution obtained in step a) with the suspension obtained in step a') to form a suspension immersion bath; c) immersing the electrode to be coated for a predetermined immersion period in the suspension immersion bath; d) withdrawing the coated electrode from the suspension immersion bath; e) drying the coated electrode for a first predetermined drying period at room temperature; f) heating the coated electrode with a predetermined first heating temperature gradient
  • the electrodes to be coated are preferably degreased and dried and heated to a temperature of over 100.degree. C., preferably to 105.degree. C., before being immersed in the suspension immersion bath in step c).
  • the predetermined immersion period in step c) is preferably 5 minutes. during this immersion in step c) and before that, the immersion bath is preferably subjected to ultrasonic vibrations in order—as in step a′)—to ensure uniform distribution of the titanium oxide nanoparticles and to prevent agglomeration of the titanium oxide nanoparticles in the suspension.
  • a step d′) is preferably provided in which excess suspension can drip off the electrode; this draining period is preferably 10 minutes.
  • the first drying period for drying the coated electrode at room temperature in step e) is preferably 12 hours.
  • the coated electrode is preferably heated in step f) with a first heating temperature gradient of 3° C. per minute to a drying temperature of 100° C. with a subsequent second drying period of preferably one hour in step g).
  • the second heating temperature gradient for heating the coated electrode up to the initial firing temperature in step h) is also preferably 3°C per minute up to the initial firing temperature of preferably 500°C.
  • the firing temperature in step i) is preferably 650°C and the preferred firing time is one hour.
  • steps c) to e) or c) to g) are carried out several times in succession—preferably with cooling steps provided in between.
  • steps c) to e) or c) to g) are carried out several times in succession—preferably with cooling steps provided in between.
  • diethanolamine is added to the solution of titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol in step a) before further processing.
  • diethanolamine supports stable formation of the suspension, in particular when water (preferably distilled) is added at the same time.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an air cleaning unit according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the first and second electrodes, designed as plate electrodes, of the first electrostatic precipitator stage in the direction of arrow III in FIG. 2, ie in the direction of flow of the air;
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of a first electrode of the plate electrode stack from FIG. 3 in the direction of arrow IV;
  • FIG. 5 shows a section of the plate electrode stack from FIG. 3 in the direction of arrow V with first and second electrodes shown in section;
  • FIG. 6 shows a process engineering diagram of a vehicle interior air cleaning system with an air cleaning unit according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of an air purification unit according to the invention provided with a shielding device for the electrostatic precipitator module and
  • FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention for the catalytic coating of electrodes for an air cleaning unit according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an air cleaning unit 1 according to the invention with an upper housing 10 and a lower housing 12.
  • the lower housing 12 has an air inlet 11 on its underside for the air to be cleaned, which is contaminated with pollutants and harmful particles, which flows in the direction of flow V through the lower housing 12 and the upper housing 10 and the filters contained therein.
  • An ionizer 20 of an electrostatic filter module 2 is arranged in the lower housing 12 and forms a first electrostatic filter stage 21 with first electrodes 22 (anodes) designed as plate electrodes and with second electrodes 24 (cathodes) designed as plate electrodes (FIG. 2).
  • the mechanical filter module 3 is designed as a ring-cylindrical filter cartridge with a radially outer inlet surface 32 for the air to be cleaned and an air outlet duct 33 designed as an inner exhaust air duct, the peripheral surface of which forms an outlet surface 34 for the cleaned air.
  • the cleaned air flows out again through a lateral opening (not shown) in the upper housing 10, as is symbolized by the arrow V.
  • the mechanical filter module 3 can also be designed differently, for example as a box-shaped filter module 103, as shown schematically in FIG.
  • a third electrode 26 designed in the form of a ring cylinder, the electrically conductive cylinder wall 27 forming the electrode surface of which is perforated or hollow a net or grid.
  • sensors 4, 5 for monitoring the ionization power for example a sensor 4 for monitoring the amount of anions and a sensor 5 for monitoring the ozone content of the air behind the ionizer.
  • Fig. 2 the structure of the ionizer 20 is shown in a vertical section.
  • the first electrodes 22, designed as plate electrodes, and the second electrodes 24, also designed as plate electrodes, are arranged alternately parallel to one another and at a lateral distance from one another, with a plate gap 25 being formed between adjacent electrodes, which provides a passage for the air flow V of the air to be cleaned forms.
  • the plurality of first electrodes 22 and second electrodes 24 arranged alternately one after the other form a plate stack 2' of the electrostatic precipitator module 2.
  • the first and the last electrode of the plate stack 2' is preferably a second electrode 24 forming a cathode.
  • a row of UV light sources 6 (preferably UVC light sources) is arranged in the flow direction V behind the ionizer 20 in the upper housing 10 in the flow direction V in front of the mechanical filter 3 .
  • UV light sources 6 preferably UVC light sources
  • the provision of these additional UV light sources 6 is optional.
  • the first and second electrodes 22, 24 of the ionizer 20, designed as plate electrodes, are connected via an electrically conductive connection (not shown) to a power supply module 7, designed as a controllable high-voltage source and only shown schematically in Fig. 1, which connects the first and second electrodes 22, 24 of the Ionizer 20 with a high electrical voltage (DC voltage) of, for example, 3 kV to 10 kV applied.
  • the third electrode 26 is connected to electrical ground.
  • a constant, lower DC voltage of 1000 V for example.
  • An electrically positive voltage measured against ground is therefore present both at the first electrodes 22 and at the second electrodes 24, with this positive voltage at the first electrodes 22 being higher than the positive voltage at the second electrodes 24.
  • the first electrodes 22 each have a central plate section 22', on which needle extensions 28 described further below are formed (FIG. 4).
  • the central plate sections 22' of the first electrodes 22 are shorter in the direction of flow (V) of the air to be cleaned than the plates of the second electrodes 24, with the longer plates of the second electrodes 24 in the upstream direction and in the downstream direction extending beyond the upstream and downstream plate edges, respectively 22'" of the relevant central plate section 22' and also project beyond the tips 28' of the needle extensions 28 of the adjacent first electrodes 22.
  • the electrically conductive needle extensions 28 are provided on the respective (in the direction of flow of the air to be cleaned) front edge and, in the example shown, also on the rear edge of the shorter plate of the first electrodes 22 and thus extend in the downstream direction and in the example shown also in the upstream direction the plate edge of the respective plate section 22', but not up to the level of the respective upstream edge 24' or the downstream edge 24" of the longer, second, plate-like electrode 24.
  • the points of the highest electric field strength namely the tips 28' of the Needle extensions 28 forming the anodes first electrodes 22, the respective plate electrode surface of the adjacent second electrodes 24 forming the cathode.
  • the length of the respective needle extension 28 is, for example, 0.7 times the plate spacing a between adjacent first and second electrodes 22, 24.
  • FIG. 3 shows the stack of plates 2' of the alternatingly arranged first electrodes 22 and second electrodes 24 of the first electrostatic precipitator stage 21 designed as an ionizer in a plan view in flow direction V of the air to be cleaned.
  • the first electrodes 22 are each provided over their entire height with a plurality of needle extensions 28 spaced evenly apart from one another.
  • the lateral spacing b of the adjacent needle extensions 28 of a plate electrode (Fig. 4) is, for example, at least 1.5 times the plate spacing a between the adjacent first and second electrodes 22, 24.
  • the needle extensions 28 are formed on the first electrodes 22 that are shorter in the flow direction V and that the second electrodes 24 extend in the flow direction V beyond the tips 28 ′ of the needle extensions 28 .
  • Fig. 4 shows a view of a first electrode 22 designed as an anode and a second electrode 24, located behind it and designed as a cathode, which is largely hidden, in the direction of arrow IV in FIG Length Li measured in the flow direction V is shorter than the length L2 of the second electrode 24 measured in the flow direction V.
  • a multiplicity of electrically conductive needle extensions 28 extend both on the upstream air inlet side Qi and on the downstream air outlet side Q2, which are formed integrally with the central plate section 22' and, together with this, the respective first electrode 22 form.
  • the individual needle extensions 28 are arranged at a lateral distance from one another and the point angle a of each needle extension 28 measured in the plane of the plate is 39° in the example shown.
  • the respective tips 28' of the needle extensions 28 lie opposite the plate-like surface of the respective adjacent second electrode 24 and do not extend up to the height of their respective edge 24', 24'", but are spaced therefrom so that the overall length L3 of the first electrode 22 measured in the flow direction V between the respective tips 28 'of the needle extensions 28 is less than the length L2 of the second electrode 24.
  • the shorter first electrodes 22 measured between the respective tips 28' of the needle extensions 28 are in relation to the longer plates of the second electrodes 24 (length L2) on both sides in the direction of flow, i.e.
  • the plate spacing a can be between 7 mm and 14 mm, for example.
  • the central plate portion 22' of the respective first electrode 22 forming the anode is provided with a catalytic surface layer 29 which extends substantially over the entire surface of the central plate portion 22', but not on the Surface of the needle extensions 28 is provided.
  • the first electrode 22 is on each of its two large surfaces, each of which faces a second electrode 24, in the region of its central plate portion 22' is coated with a catalytic surface layer 29.
  • This catalytic surface layer 29 preferably consists, as explained further below, of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) or has titanium dioxide, preferably in the form of nanoparticles.
  • the large-area surfaces of the respective second, cathodic electrodes 24 are also provided with such an electrode, at least on the large-area surfaces which face one of the first electrodes 22 Provided surface layer 29 ', although it would be sufficient, only the
  • the carrier material forming the core 22" of the respective first electrode and the carrier material forming the core 24" of the respective second electrode 24 consists of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, preferably titanium.
  • Fig. 5 it can also be seen that the respective needle extensions 28 are also sharpened in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the plate shown in Fig. 4, the respective point angle ß in the plane of Fig. 5, i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the plate, in the example shown is 20°.
  • the respective plate spacing a between the first electrodes 22 and the second electrodes 24 is the same over the entire width of the plate stack 2' and determines the width of a plate gap 25, which in each case is a passage for the air flow forms.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of an example of an air cleaning system 100 having an air cleaning unit 101 according to the invention for an interior using the example of a vehicle cabin 110.
  • the air cleaning unit 101 according to the invention can also be used as a mobile air cleaning system in the form of a mobile air cleaning device for building spaces, for example for living spaces, Offices or classrooms in schools can be used, for which the following explanations apply analogously.
  • the vehicle cabin 110 which is only shown schematically, for example the passenger cabin of an aircraft, a railroad car or a bus or a passenger ship or also an elevator cabin of a building elevator, is equipped with a plurality of supply air ducts 112, 113 forming air inlets 112', 113' and air outlets 114', 115 'Forming exhaust ducts 114, 115 provided.
  • the air from the interior 111 of the vehicle cabin 110 is discharged through the exhaust air ducts 114 , 115 and an exhaust air duct system 116 connected thereto and fed to a raw air inlet 117 of the air purification system 100 .
  • the air purification system 100 has a mechanical pre-filter module 120 with at least one filter medium 120′ (FIG. 7) downstream of the untreated air inlet 117 in the direction of flow V of the air to be cleaned, with which coarser particles are removed from the air.
  • a mechanical coarse filter and/or a high-performance particle filter (HEPA filter) can be provided here, for example, as the filter medium 120′.
  • the shielding device 130 described below in connection with FIG. 7 shields the surroundings of the electrostatic precipitator module 102 from electromagnetic pulses and forms an EMC shielding device 130.
  • An axial fan 129' is provided as an air conveying device 129 between the pre-filter module 120 and the air purification unit 101 with the electrostatic precipitator module 102 or behind the air purification unit 101 with the electrostatic precipitator module 102, the rotating air blade wheel 129" of which effects the air flow in the flow direction V.
  • An adsorption filter module 125 with an activated carbon filter bed 125′ can be provided downstream of the air cleaning unit 101 with the electrostatic filter module 102 in the direction of flow V, in which ozone in particular is removed from the air.
  • a molecular sieve filter can also be provided in the adsorption filter module 125, which can also remove chemical substances from the air and deposit them on the filter surface of the molecular sieve filter. If the mechanical filter module 103 contained in the electrostatic precipitator module 102 in addition to the as HEPA filter trained mechanical filter element 103 'already
  • the adsorption filter module 125 can also be omitted.
  • a further mechanical filter module 127 can optionally be provided downstream of the adsorption filter module 125 in the direction of flow V, which is designed as a particulate filter and has a filter medium 127′ which removes particulate matter from the air that is still present in the air.
  • the filter medium 127' of the further mechanical filter module 127 is also formed by a HEPA filter.
  • the cleaned air exiting from the further filter module 127 then exits the clean air outlet 118 of the air cleaning device 100 into an air supply duct arrangement 119 connected to the air supply ducts 112, 113 and is fed back into the vehicle cabin 110 as supply air Z.
  • the adsorption filter module 125 and the further mechanical filter module 127 form a filter unit 128' for particle separation and/or for the separation of chemical air pollution downstream of the electrostatic precipitator module 102.
  • This filter unit 128' can preferably form an integral filter arrangement 128 together with the electrostatic precipitator unit 3 and the pre-filter module.
  • the clean air outlet openings of the mobile air cleaning device that open directly into the room correspond to the clean air outlet of the air cleaning system and the air inlet openings of the mobile air cleaning device for the air to be cleaned correspond to the raw air inlet of the air cleaning system.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a schematic, exploded view of the individual components of an air cleaning system 100 with the air cleaning unit 101 according to the invention.
  • This air cleaning system 100 has the mechanical prefilter 120 behind the raw air inlet 117, i.e. behind the entry of the exhaust air A contaminated with pollutant particles P from the vehicle cabin 110 with the filter medium 120 ', with which rough Particles are already removed from the air.
  • the first electrostatic precipitator stage 121 of the electrostatic precipitator module 102 is constructed from a plate arrangement of plate-shaped first electrodes 122 and plate-shaped second electrodes 124 arranged alternately in a plate stack 2', the first electrodes 122 are provided with needle extensions as in the example of FIGS. 1 to 5 and form the anodes and the second electrodes 124 form the cathodes.
  • the electrical high voltage (DC voltage) that is provided by a power supply module 107 and can be controlled or regulated is applied to the first electrodes 122 and second electrodes 124 . To avoid repetition, reference is therefore made to the description of FIGS.
  • the mechanical filter module 103 provided in flow direction V of the air after the first electrostatic precipitator stage 121 and the third electrode 126 of the second electrostatic precipitator stage 123 associated with it and connected to the electrical ground M, reference is made to the description of the 1 to 5, the mechanical filter module 103, as in the example in FIGS. 1 to 5, being tubular-cylindrical or alternatively as a mechanical filter module 103 in the form of a cuboid block through which flow occurs longitudinally, as shown in FIG.
  • the third electrode as in the example in FIGS. 1 to 5—is provided either inside the filter module 103 or (as shown in FIG.
  • the shielding device 130 designed as a high-frequency shielding device represents an EMP shielding device and has a peripheral shielding wall 132 that surrounds the electrostatic precipitator module 102 with the mechanical filter module 103, i.e. the first electrostatic precipitator stage 121 and the second electrostatic precipitator stage 123, and is impermeable to high-frequency radiation (HF).
  • HF high-frequency radiation
  • an electrically conductive material or a material with an electrically conductive surface and is electrically conductively connected to an electrical ground M of the electrostatic precipitator module 102 In a modified embodiment that is suitable for lower shielding requirements, only the first electrostatic precipitator stage 121 is surrounded by the shielding device 130 .
  • a block-like shielding module through which the air can flow is provided in front of the air inflow side and behind the air outflow side of the electrostatic precipitator module 102, namely an inflow-side shielding module 134 and an outflow-side shielding module 136, which are each connected to the peripheral shielding wall 132 in an HF-tight manner is.
  • the respective shielding module 134, 136 through which the air can flow has a frame 134', 136' made of an electrically conductive material or a material with an electrically conductive surface, which is connected to the peripheral shielding wall 132 in an HF-tight manner and which is also electrically is conductively connected to the electrical ground M of the electrostatic precipitator module 102 .
  • a honeycomb panel 135, 137 is mounted in the respective frame 134', 136', the individual honeycombs 135', 137' of which are open at both ends and each form an air passage duct 138, 139 with a duct wall 138', 139', as is shown in can be seen in the detail view shown enlarged.
  • the length of the individual air passage channels 138, 139 is several times greater than their respective cross section, so that the air passage channels 138, 139 each form a tube with a hexagonal cross section.
  • the respective honeycomb panel 135, 137 consists either of an electrically conductive material, preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or it consists of electrically non-conductive material, preferably paper, cardboard or a plastic, as the carrier material, the surface of which is provided, preferably coated, with an electrically conductive material at least in certain areas.
  • the respective honeycomb panel 135, 137 is also connected to the associated frame 134', 136' of the relevant shielding module 134, 136 in an electrically conductive and HF-tight manner.
  • a UV filter module 104 is optionally provided within the air cleaning unit 101, which is shown only schematically as a UV light source 140 in FIG. Several UV light sources distributed over the circumference and in the axial direction can also be provided. The UV filter module 104 with its at least one UV light source can also be integrated into the electrostatic filter module 102.
  • hydrocarbons are thus also removed from the supplied ambient air by the electrostatic precipitator module 102 . This avoids, for example, that in Stationary operation of the vehicle, in particular an aircraft, aspirated
  • Impurities are spread in the vehicle cabin.
  • pre-filter 120 air purification unit 101 with the electrostatic precipitator module 102 and optionally the adsorption filter module 125 and the—if present—additional filter module 127 can preferably be combined as an integral filter arrangement 128.
  • Fig. 8 shows a flow chart of a method according to the invention for coating an electrode 22, 24, in particular an anode 22, of an air purification unit according to the invention with a catalytic surface layer 29, 29' containing titanium oxide nanoparticles, as shown in the example in Figures 4 and 5.
  • a solution of titanium isopropoxide (Ci2H2sO4Ti), abbreviated as TTIP and also referred to as tetraisopropyl orthotitanate or tetraisopropyl titanate, in isopropanol (CsHsO) is prepared in step 200 and then made available for further processing (method step a).
  • this solution is a 0.5 molar solution of titanium isopropoxide in isopropanol.
  • diethanolamine C4H11NO2
  • DEA diethanolamine
  • step 201 preferably until the molar ratio of DEA to TTIP is 4.
  • step 202 is then preferably stirred in step 202 for a predetermined period of time, for example for two hours, at room temperature (approx. 20° C.) and then made available for further processing.
  • Distilled water can preferably also be added to the mixture while stirring.
  • a suspension of titanium oxide nanoparticles in isopropanol is produced and provided (method step a′).
  • titanium oxide nanoparticles preferably titanium dioxide nanoparticles
  • step 203 titanium oxide nanoparticles, preferably titanium dioxide nanoparticles, are added to the liquid isopropanol with constant stirring, for Example in a ratio of 50 g (grams) of nanoparticles to 1,000 ml (milliliter) of isopropanol.
  • the size of the nanoparticles is preferably at most 50 ⁇ m.
  • this suspension is then subjected to ultrasonic vibrations by an ultrasonic generator 220 for a predetermined period of time, for example for one hour, in order to achieve a uniform distribution of the nanoparticles in the suspension and to prevent their sedimentation.
  • step 205 the solution of TTIP and isopropanol and optionally DEA obtained in process step a) is then mixed with the suspension of titanium oxide nanoparticles in isopropanol obtained in process step a′) to form a suspension immersion bath with stirring (process step b).
  • step 206 the electrodes to be coated, which were previously degreased in step 206', dried and heated to a temperature of 105° C. and in which the areas not to be coated (for example the needle extensions 28) are covered, are placed in this suspension immersion bath were immersed for a predetermined immersion period (e.g. for five minutes) (method step c). It is advantageous here if ultrasonic vibrations are applied to the suspension immersion bath by an ultrasonic generator 222 in order to prevent agglomeration of the nanoparticles.
  • the suspension liquid still adhering to the coated electrodes is preferably first allowed to drip off in step 208 for a predetermined dripping period (e.g. for 10 minutes) (method step d') and then in step 209 for a first predetermined drying period at room temperature, for example 12 hours (method step e).
  • a predetermined dripping period e.g. for 10 minutes
  • step 210 the coated electrodes are heated with a predetermined first heating temperature gradient of preferably 3 °C/min to an increased drying temperature of approx. 100 °C (process step f).
  • the heated coated electrodes are then dried in step 211 for a second specified drying period of preferably one hour at the elevated drying temperature (method step g).
  • the coated electrodes dried in this way are then heated in step 212 with a predetermined second heating temperature gradient, which is preferably also 3 °C/min, up to an initial firing temperature of approx. 500 °C (method step h) and then in step 213 fired for a predetermined firing period of preferably one hour at a predetermined firing temperature of, for example, 650° C. (method step i).
  • a predetermined second heating temperature gradient which is preferably also 3 °C/min, up to an initial firing temperature of approx. 500 °C (method step h) and then in step 213 fired for a predetermined firing period of preferably one hour at a predetermined firing temperature of, for example, 650° C. (method step i).
  • the fired electrodes are finally cooled to room temperature in step 214 for a predetermined cooling period of, for example, 12 hours (method step j).
  • steps 206 to 209 or 206 to 211 are repeated one or more times, as symbolically represented by the broken line or the dash-dotted line in FIG.
  • four repetitions, ie five immersions, have proven to be advantageous.
  • Electrostatic filter module mechanical filter module ' mechanical filter element

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de purification d'air dotée d'au moins un module électrofiltre (2, 102) pouvant être parcouru par l'air à purifier, lequel présente au moins une première électrode (22, 122) et au moins une deuxième électrode (24, 124), entre lesquelles l'air à purifier entre et s'écoule et entre lesquelles un premier champ électrique peut être produit par application d'une haute tension électrique fournie par un module d'alimentation en courant (7, 107), ladite au moins une première électrode (22, 122) et ladite au moins une deuxième électrode (24, 124) formant un ionisateur (20) et un module filtrant mécanique (3, 103) doté d'au moins un élément filtrant (30, 103') étant monté en aval du module électrofiltre (2, 102) dans la direction d'écoulement (V) de l'air à purifier, l'unité de purification d'air se caractérisant en ce qu'au moins une troisième électrode (26, 126) se situe dans l'élément filtrant mécanique (30, 103') ou dans le module filtrant (3, 103) derrière l'élément filtrant mécanique (30, 103'), un second champ électrique pouvant être produit entre ladite au moins une deuxième électrode (24, 124) et la au moins une troisième électrode (26, 126), par application d'une tension électrique.
EP21752621.9A 2020-08-20 2021-08-06 Unité de purification d'air et procédé pour munir d'un revêtement une électrode d'une unité de purification d'air Pending EP4200058A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020121872.9A DE102020121872A1 (de) 2020-08-20 2020-08-20 Fahrzeuginnenraum-Luftreinigungssystem
DE102020121987.3A DE102020121987A1 (de) 2020-08-21 2020-08-21 Luftreinigungseinheit
PCT/EP2021/072053 WO2022037973A2 (fr) 2020-08-20 2021-08-06 Unité de purification d'air et procédé pour munir d'un revêtement une électrode d'une unité de purification d'air

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4200058A2 true EP4200058A2 (fr) 2023-06-28

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EP21752621.9A Pending EP4200058A2 (fr) 2020-08-20 2021-08-06 Unité de purification d'air et procédé pour munir d'un revêtement une électrode d'une unité de purification d'air

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20230249195A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4200058A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN115942984A (fr)
CA (1) CA3187629A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022037973A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3139482A1 (fr) * 2022-09-12 2024-03-15 Michel Pourprix Précipitateur/collecteur électrostatique pour purificateur d’air ou épurateur d’aérosols, à empilement de plaques à canaux débouchants et électrodes intercalées.

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US4056372A (en) 1971-12-29 1977-11-01 Nafco Giken, Ltd. Electrostatic precipitator
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AU745172B2 (en) * 1997-08-21 2002-03-14 Lg Electronics Inc. Electrostatic precipitator
AU2003272969A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2004-05-04 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Method for forming semiconductor film and use of semiconductor film
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JP2005349247A (ja) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-22 Denso Corp 空気浄化装置
JP3742863B2 (ja) * 2004-07-02 2006-02-08 ダイキン工業株式会社 空気浄化装置
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DE102009060821A1 (de) * 2009-12-28 2011-06-30 crenox GmbH, 47829 Verfahren zur Verwertung von titanhaltigen Nebenprodukten
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WO2015015671A1 (fr) 2013-08-01 2015-02-05 株式会社Ｎｂｃメッシュテック Dispositif de purification d'air
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JP2018089585A (ja) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-14 三星電子株式会社Ｓａｍｓｕｎｇ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ Ｃｏ．，Ｌｔｄ． 濾材、空気清浄フィルタ、ハイブリッド空気清浄フィルタ及び空気清浄機

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CA3187629A1 (fr) 2022-02-24
CN115942984A (zh) 2023-04-07
US20230249195A1 (en) 2023-08-10
WO2022037973A3 (fr) 2022-04-21
WO2022037973A2 (fr) 2022-02-24

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